（中英附文稿）积极心理学之父：为什么你总觉得自己改变不了生活
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Over the last 50 years, you've maybe done more than anyone else to increase our understanding | 在过去的50年里,你或许比任何人都更努力 来增进我们的理解 |
| 0:05 | of human flourishing, 30 bucks or more, hundreds of articles, and you've just turned 84, so | 人类的繁荣,30块或更多, 上百篇文章,你刚刚 84,所以 |
| 0:11 | happy birthday by the way. | 生日快乐 |
| 0:13 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 0:14 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 0:15 | What's been the common thread between all of your work? | 你们的作品有什么共同点? |
| 0:19 | Is there a unifying trend across all of it? | 在所有这些方面是否有统一的趋势? |
| 0:22 | Yes. | 对 |
| 0:22 | Yes, there is. | 是的,这是有的。 |
| 0:23 | And it's the question of human mastery and human agency, Chris. | 而这是人类掌握和人类代理的问题,克里斯. |
展开字幕全文（955 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Over the last 50 years, you've maybe done more than anyone else to increase our understanding | 在过去的50年里,你或许比任何人都更努力 来增进我们的理解 |
| 2 | of human flourishing, 30 bucks or more, hundreds of articles, and you've just turned 84, so | 人类的繁荣,30块或更多, 上百篇文章,你刚刚 84,所以 |
| 3 | happy birthday by the way. | 生日快乐 |
| 4 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
| 5 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 6 | What's been the common thread between all of your work? | 你们的作品有什么共同点? |
| 7 | Is there a unifying trend across all of it? | 在所有这些方面是否有统一的趋势? |
| 8 | Yes. | 对 |
| 9 | Yes, there is. | 是的,这是有的。 |
| 10 | And it's the question of human mastery and human agency, Chris. | 而这是人类掌握和人类代理的问题,克里斯. |
| 11 | So when I started work in psychology more than 60 years ago, there were three huge blind | 60多年前我开始心理学工作时 有三个巨大的盲人 |
| 12 | spots that psychology had that made asking questions about human happiness and human | 心理学曾经提出过关于人类幸福和人类 |
| 13 | agency almost impossible. | 机构几乎不可能 |
| 14 | The first blind spot was happiness itself, and that is, psychology was all about misery | 第一个盲点是幸福本身, 也就是心理学是所有的痛苦 |
| 15 | 60 years ago, trauma, suffering, panic, depression, anxiety. | 60年前,创伤,痛苦,恐慌,抑郁,焦虑. |
| 16 | Happiness was a dirty word. | 幸福是脏话 |
| 17 | No one worked on it. | 没人研究过 |
| 18 | The second blind spot was thinking itself. | 第二个盲点是在思考自己。 |
| 19 | So a common thread in all of my work has been that what you think determines how you feel. | 因此,我所有工作的一个共同线索 就是,你的想法决定了你的感受。 |
| 20 | But psychology excluded thinking 60 years ago. | 但心理学排除了60年前的思想。 |
| 21 | It was if you're a psychoanalyst, it was just a fluvia that came out of underlying conflict. | 如果你是一个心理分析家, 它只是一种流感 从潜在的冲突。 |
| 22 | If you're a behaviorist, thinking didn't exist. | 如果你是一个行为主义者, 思考不存在。 |
| 23 | So that was the second blind spot. | 所以这是第二个盲点。 |
| 24 | And the third blind spot that made it impossible to work on human mastery and human happiness | 第三个盲点使得人类无法掌握和幸福 |
| 25 | was determinism. | 是决定性的。 |
| 26 | That psychologists believed that the past plus the present made a puppet of us into | 那个心理学家相信过去加上现在 把我们变成一个傀儡 |
| 27 | the future. | 未来 |
| 28 | All of those three premises have turned out to be wrong, inimical to human well-being. | 这三个前提都是错误的,不利于人类福祉。 |
| 29 | And one of the great joys of my 60 years in psychology, I've been one of the people who | 也是我60年心理学界的快乐之一 |
| 30 | overturned all three of them. | 推翻了他们三个 |
| 31 | It's a rebellious career, upending the status quo in that way. | 这是一个叛逆的事业, 改善现状的方式。 |
| 32 | Yes, I think I've been a rebel and an over-turner, and my scientific technique has generally | 是的,我想我是一个叛逆者和 翻转者,我的科技 基本上 |
| 33 | been to look at the basic premises of what people were doing in science and say, what | 研究人们在科学领域 所做的一切的基本前提 |
| 34 | if the most basic premise is wrong? | 如果最基本的前提是错误的呢? |
| 35 | What follows? | 接下来呢? |
| 36 | And the basic premises of psychology 60 years ago excluded human happiness, excluded thinking, | 60年前心理学的基本前提 排除了人类的幸福 排除了思想 |
| 37 | and excluded the notion that we could choose our future. | 并排除了我们可以选择未来的概念。 |
| 38 | Why agency? | 为什么是机构? |
| 39 | Why did you get interested in that? | 你为什么对此感兴趣? |
| 40 | Well, I first worked on something called learned helplessness. | 嗯,我第一次工作 所谓的学习无助。 |
| 41 | So I basically found in the 1960s and 70s that animals and humans, when they were exposed | 所以我基本上在20世纪60年代和70年代发现 动物和人类,当他们被暴露 |
| 42 | to events that they couldn't do anything about, showed several basic disturbing symptoms. | 对于他们无能为力的事件, 表现出一些基本的令人不安的症状。 |
| 43 | First, they became profoundly passive. | 首先,它们变得非常被动。 |
| 44 | So Chris, if I put headphones on you, and I put a button in front of you, and I played | 克里斯,如果我把耳机 你,我放一个按钮 在你面前,我玩 |
| 45 | a loud, annoying noise, and the button, nothing you did could turn off the noise. | 大声的,烦人的噪音, 和按钮,你没有做 关闭噪音。 |
| 46 | And then the next day, I put you in a human shuttle box, which is a box about six feet | 第二天,我把你放进一个载人穿梭的盒子里, 它是一个大约6英尺的盒子。 |
| 47 | long, put headphones on you, you put your hand in on one side, noise went on, you just | 长,把耳机在你身上, 你把手放在一边, 噪音发生,你只是 |
| 48 | sat there and didn't do anything. | 坐在那里,什么也没做。 |
| 49 | So the first thing that we found to our shock in learned helplessness was that people and | 因此,我们发现的第一件事 在我们震惊 在学到的无助是人和 |
| 50 | animals became profoundly passive. | 动物变得非常被动 |
| 51 | And the second thing we found was that they became stupid, that they had a lot of trouble | 我们发现的第二件事是 他们变得愚蠢, 他们有很多麻烦 |
| 52 | finding out when they moved their hand, turn off the noise, that mastery actually worked, | 发现当他们移动他们的手, 关闭噪音, 该掌握实际上工作, |
| 53 | and they went back to sitting. | 他们又回到座位上。 |
| 54 | So where my interest in this started was the opposite of agency, and that is what impedes | 我对这件事的兴趣 和代理是相反的 那就是阻碍 |
| 55 | agency, what makes us helpless. | 机构,是什么让我们无助。 |
| 56 | And 20 years of work on finding out what makes us helpless brought me out of the notion of | 花了20年的时间 找出是什么让我们无助 让我走出了 |
| 57 | helplessness and into the notion of mastery and agency. | 无助 并进入 掌握和代理的概念。 |
| 58 | And most importantly, every time we ran an experiment in which there was inescapable | 最重要的是,每次我们进行实验时, 实验是不可避免的 |
| 59 | noise or inescapable shock, there was always a third group that got the very same noise, | 噪音或无法避免的冲击, 总有第三组 得到非常相同的噪音, |
| 60 | but pressing the button worked. | 但按下按钮有效 |
| 61 | So the groups are matched for trauma or adversity, but the group that had first experience with | 因此,这些群体被匹配 创伤或逆境, 但该群体 有第一次经历 |
| 62 | mastery with what I now call efficacy did fine. | 精通我现在所说的功效是好的。 |
| 63 | And then when we started to measure them, they were even better off than the control | 然后当我们开始测量它们时 它们比控制更好 |
| 64 | groups. | 组合。 |
| 65 | So the very first hint of efficacy, agency, and mastery was that traumatic events that | 所以,第一提示 效力,代理,和掌握 是创伤事件, |
| 66 | you can do something about are actually energizing. | 你可以做一些事情 实际上是激发。 |
| 67 | What was the arc from learned helplessness to learned hopefulness then? | 从学习的无助到学习的希望是什么? |
| 68 | Because you spend all of this time doing this research, finding something that sounds very | 因为你花了这么多时间 做这个研究, 找到一些听起来非常 |
| 69 | exciting and gets taken on by the field for it to then need to basically do a U-turn. | 激动人心 被球场吸引 然后它需要 基本上做一个U -转。 |
| 70 | Well, it was something I was trying to sweep under the rug. | 嗯,这是的东西 我试图扫在地毯下面。 |
| 71 | But after doing more than 10 years of research with people and animals, when I gave people | 但经过10多年的研究 与人和动物, 当我给人 |
| 72 | and animals events they couldn't control, they became passive. | 动物们无法控制 它们变得被动 |
| 73 | But only five out of eight on average became passive. | 但平均只有五分之八变得被动. |
| 74 | One third of them I couldn't make helpless. | 三分之一我无法无助 |
| 75 | So there's a big effect to look at, I mean, just not moving and doing anything. | 所以,有一个巨大的效果,看, 我的意思是,只是不动和做任何事情。 |
| 76 | But importantly, three out of every eight people, three out of every eight animals didn't | 但重要的是,每8个人中有3个,每8个动物中有3个没有 |
| 77 | become helpless. | 变得无助。 |
| 78 | I tried to sweep that under the rug. | 我试图扫在地毯下面。 |
| 79 | And finally it became interesting to me, what was it about some people and some animals | 终于让我觉得有趣了 有些人和一些动物 |
| 80 | that made you resilient, resistant to helplessness? | 让你有韧性 抗无助? |
| 81 | That took another 10 years to find out. | 这又花了10年时间才发现 |
| 82 | And basically the key to that seemed to be optimism and pessimism. | 基本上,关键是乐观和悲观。 |
| 83 | So what we developed was a way of measuring by questionnaire optimism and pessimism. | 因此,我们开发了一种通过问卷乐观和悲观度量的方法。 |
| 84 | So pessimistic people, when we gave them questions like, you fail a mathematics examination, | 所以悲观的人, 当我们给他们的问题 比如,你失败了数学考试, |
| 85 | pessimistic people say, it's me, it's going to last forever, and it's going to undermine | 悲观的人说,这是我, 它会永远地, 它会破坏 |
| 86 | everything I do. | 我所做的一切 都一样 |
| 87 | So they say, I'm stupid. | 他们说我很蠢 |
| 88 | And the problem with saying I'm stupid, it's a very pessimistic explanation. | 说我是傻子的问题, 这是一个非常悲观的解释。 |
| 89 | Stupidity lasts and lasts. | 愚痴久远. |
| 90 | It hurts you in many circumstances. | 在很多情况下它会伤害你。 |
| 91 | And it's something about you. | 而你却有这种感觉 |
| 92 | But we found that optimists, when they failed examinations, said things like, I had a hangover. | 但我们发现,乐观主义者, 当他们考试失败的时候, 说了类似的话,我有一个宿醉。 |
| 93 | I didn't try hard enough. | 我没有尽力 |
| 94 | Now notice a hangover, unlike being stupid, is temporary. | 现在注意到宿醉, 不像愚蠢,是暂时的。 |
| 95 | It doesn't mean the next time you have an exam, you're going to fail it. | 不谓下次考试,必有不及格. |
| 96 | So hangovers and not trying hard enough are optimistic. | 所以,宿醉和不够努力的努力是乐观的。 |
| 97 | So having developed first questionnaires and then ways of looking at verbatim speech for | 因此,已经制定了最初的调查问卷,然后是研究逐字记录的方法。 |
| 98 | optimism and pessimism, we then went back and asked, well, who didn't become helpless? | 乐观和悲观,然后我们回去问,谁没有变得无助? |
| 99 | And it turned out it was the optimists who didn't become helpless. | 结果发现,乐观主义者并没有变得无助。 |
| 100 | And that led me in my arc from thinking about the dangers of it's me, it's going to last | 这导致我进入我的弧 从思考它的危险 是我,它会持续 |
| 101 | forever, it's going to undermine everything I do, to the virtues of thinking, it's temporary. | 永远,它会破坏我所做的一切, 对于思考的优点,它是暂时的。 |
| 102 | It's just this one situation, and I can do something about it. | 只有这样,我可以做点什么 |
| 103 | So that led me from believing I was working on pessimism and depression and helplessness, | 因此,这让我不再相信 我的工作是悲观 抑郁和无助, |
| 104 | to realizing, hey, I was working on optimism and hope and agency. | 我致力于乐观 希望和代理 |
| 105 | So that was the second big arc in my career. | 那是我职业生涯的第二个大弧度。 |
| 106 | I'll tell you about the third one, which had to do with bringing this to scale. | 我会告诉你第三个, 这与使这个规模。 |
| 107 | When I turned 50, I decided I was going to run for president of the American Psychological | 50岁时,我决定竞选美国心理学会会长 |
| 108 | Association. | 协会. |
| 109 | I hadn't been president of anything since the ninth grade, and I wasn't a very good | 我从九年级起就没做过什么总裁 我也不是个好人 |
| 110 | the ninth grade. | 九年级 |
| 111 | And so I put my name in the ring, and I was told by everyone I'd be defeated, | 所以我把我的名字放在戒指里 所有人都告诉我我会被打败 |
| 112 | and I campaigned for it. | 我为此而奋斗 |
| 113 | And I won by the largest vote in the modern history of American | 我以美国现代史上最大票数获胜 |
| 114 | psychology. | 心理学。 |
| 115 | But that led me with a problem. | 但是这给我带来了一个问题。 |
| 116 | And the problem was that presidents are supposed | 问题是总统应该 |
| 117 | to have themes, initiatives, and I didn't know what mine would be. | 我不知道我的会是什么 |
| 118 | And it was an epiphany that | 它是一个觉悟, |
| 119 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}然后把工作从痛苦变成痛苦 | |
| 120 | about well-being. | 关于幸福。 |
| 121 | I suppose it might seem strange to a lot of people in the modern world that | 我想这对现代世界的很多人来说可能很奇怪 |
| 122 | psychology wasn't particularly worried about how to make people's lives better, but that for a long | 心理学并不特别担心如何改善人们的生活, 但长久以来, |
| 123 | time it was preoccupied with why are people's lives bad. | 时间在忙着 人们的生活为何不好。 |
| 124 | It wasn't really focused on improving, | 它并没有真正专注于改善, |
| 125 | it was more focused on diagnosing problems. | 它更注重诊断问题。 |
| 126 | It got paid for doing that. | 它为此付出了代价。 |
| 127 | And so the crucial | 所以关键 |
| 128 | event for modern psychology occurred right after World War II, when something called the National | 现代心理学事件发生在二战之后, 也就是所谓的国家 |
| 129 | Institute of Mental Health was opened and gave money to psychologists. | 心理健康研究所开设,并向心理学家提供资金。 |
| 130 | And it gave money to | 它给钱 |
| 131 | psychologists not for making people happy, but for treating post-traumatic stress disorder, | 心理学家不是为让人们快乐 而是治疗创伤后应激障碍 |
| 132 | treating depression, treating anxiety and the like. | 治疗抑郁症,治疗焦虑等. |
| 133 | And 30 years later, the American Psychiatric | 30年后,美国精神病患者 |
| 134 | Association published its diagnostic manual, and a reimbursement for psychotherapists was for | 协会出版了诊断手册,并报销心理治疗师的费用。 |
| 135 | treating depression, anxiety, alcoholism, schizophrenia, panic. | 治疗抑郁,焦虑,酗酒,精神分裂,恐慌. |
| 136 | You didn't get paid for | 你没有得到报酬 |
| 137 | making people happier. | 让人更快乐。 |
| 138 | And so psychology followed the money, essentially, both in getting grants | 所以心理学跟随钱, 基本上,在获得赠款方面 |
| 139 | and in treating people at the expense of asking the question, hey, can people flourish? | 并且以不问问题为代价对待人们, 嘿,人们能繁荣吗? |
| 140 | Is there something more to life than the absence of being miserable? | 生命除了没有痛苦之外还有别的吗? |
| 141 | And that's what greeted me | 这就是我问候 |
| 142 | as president of the American Psychological Association. | 作为美国心理学会主席. |
| 143 | And the following thing happened | 接下来发生的事情 |
| 144 | which changed my mind about psychology, and gave me the theme of my work and then the next | 这改变了我对心理学的看法, 给了我我的工作主题 然后下一个 |
| 145 | 30 years of my life. | 三十年我寿. |
| 146 | And what it was, Chris, I was thinking about the question of what would my | 克里斯,我想到一个问题,我... |
| 147 | initiative be. | 倡议是。 |
| 148 | And I'm a gardener, and I was in my garden with my five-year-old daughter, | 我是一个园丁, 我在我的花园 和我五岁的女儿, |
| 149 | Nicole. | 妮科尔。 |
| 150 | She had turned five about two weeks before. | 她两周前才满五岁 |
| 151 | And we're weeding together. | 并合杂草. |
| 152 | And I'm having the usual miserable time pulling weeds, but Nikki is running around, dancing, | 而我有 通常的悲惨时间拉杂草, 但尼基到处跑,跳舞, |
| 153 | throwing weeds in the air, singing. | 在空中扔杂草 唱歌 |
| 154 | And I shouted to her, I said, Nikki, get to work, we're weeding. | 我喊她,我说,尼基,去工作,我们正在除草。 |
| 155 | And Nikki looked at me. | 妮基看着我 |
| 156 | She walked away. | 她走开。 |
| 157 | She came back and said, | 她回来说 |
| 158 | Daddy, can I talk to you? | 爸爸,我能和你谈谈吗? |
| 159 | I said, yeah, what is it, Nikki? | 我说了 什么事 Nikki? |
| 160 | I said, Daddy, do you remember before | 我说,爸爸,你还记得以前 |
| 161 | my fifth birthday that I was a whiner, that I whined all the time? | 我的五岁生日,我是一个抱怨者, 我一直抱怨? |
| 162 | I said, yeah, yeah, | 我说,是啊,是啊, |
| 163 | a little horror. | 有点恐怖。 |
| 164 | Well, have you noticed, Daddy, since my fifth birthday two weeks ago, | 你注意到了吗 爸爸 自从我两周前五岁生日起 |
| 165 | I haven't whined once? | 我没有抱怨过一次? |
| 166 | I said, oh, yeah, you haven't, have you? | 我说,哦,是的,你没有,是吗? |
| 167 | I said, well, Daddy, | 我说,爸爸, |
| 168 | on my fifth birthday, I decided I wasn't going to whine anymore. | 在我五岁生日的时候 我决定不再抱怨了 |
| 169 | That was the hardest thing I've | 那是我最难受的事 |
| 170 | ever done. | 从来没有做过。 |
| 171 | And if I can stop whining, you can stop being such a grouch. | 如果我能停止抱怨, 你就可以停止 这么讨厌。 |
| 172 | This really happened, | 这真的发生了, |
| 173 | Chris. | 克莉丝 |
| 174 | And in that moment, I realized, and I call it an epiphany because it all happened | 那一刻,我意识到,我称之为一个觉悟,因为一切都发生了 |
| 175 | in an instant, I realized three basic things about myself, about being a parent, and about | 瞬间,我意识到 三个基本的事情 关于我自己, 关于做父母, |
| 176 | psychology. | 心理学。 |
| 177 | So the first was about myself. | 所以第一个是关于我自己的。 |
| 178 | I was indeed a grouch. | 我确实是一个怪胎。 |
| 179 | And indeed, I was proud of being | 事实上,我很自豪 |
| 180 | 一个grouch。 | |
| 181 | I had that critical intelligence that made me see right to the heart of everything that | 我有那批批批判的情报 让我能正确看待一切 |
| 182 | was wrong. | 错了 |
| 183 | So I was really good at picking out what was wrong. | 所以我很擅长找出什么是错的。 |
| 184 | And it occurred to me for the | 这让我想到 |
| 185 | first time, maybe some of the success I had in life was not because I was such a grouch and such | 第一次,也许一些 我的成功在生活中 并不是因为我 这么粗鲁和如此 |
| 186 | a negative person, but because of something else, something positive, and that perhaps there were | 一个负面的人, 但因为别的东西, 一些积极的,也许有 |
| 187 | virtues in not being a grouch, and maybe being grouch got in the way. | 美德在于不作恶 也可能被恶作剧妨碍 |
| 188 | That was the first thing | 这是第一件事 |
| 189 | I realized. | 我意识到了。 |
| 190 | The second thing was what my job as a teacher or as a parent was. | 第二件事是我作为教师或父母的工作。 |
| 191 | So my view of being | 所以我认为 |
| 192 | a parent was your job was to find out everything your kid did wrong and correct it. | 一个父母是你的工作 是找出你孩子做错的一切 并纠正它。 |
| 193 | And somehow, | 不知为何 |
| 194 | if you corrected all the bad things that Nikki did, you'd get an exemplary child. | 如果你纠正了Nikki的坏事 你会得到一个模范的孩子 |
| 195 | It occurred to me | 没想到 |
| 196 | that was nonsense. | 胡说八道 |
| 197 | Where you got was to zero. | 你到达零。 |
| 198 | And that for Nikki to grow, we had to find out what | 而为了妮基成长 我们必须找出 |
| 199 | she was good at, like talking to an adult, which she had just done, reinforcing it, and helping her | 她很擅长跟成年人说话 她刚刚做了这个 强化了它 帮助了她 |
| 200 | to live her life, not correcting her errors, but capitalizing what she was good at. | 而不是纠正她的错误 而是利用她擅长的东西 |
| 201 | And the third | 还有第三个 |
| 202 | big thing I realized was that psychology was half-baked. | 我意识到 心理学是半衰期的 |
| 203 | It was baked on misery, suffering, | 它的烤 在痛苦,痛苦, |
| 204 | divorce, panic, and there was no psychology of flourishing, of happiness, of well-being. | 离婚,恐慌, 和没有心理学 繁荣,幸福,幸福。 |
| 205 | So I found my initiative there, and it was to create something which we'd gone on to call positive | 所以我发现我的主动性在那里, 它是创造的东西, 我们继续称之为积极的 |
| 206 | psychology, which investigates not correcting your errors, but finding what your strengths are | 心理学,它调查的不是纠正你的错误, 而是找出你的长处 |
| 207 | and living around your strengths. | 并围绕你的长处生活 |
| 208 | So that was the third major change in the arc that went from | 弧线的第三个大变化 |
| 209 | helplessness to pessimism to positive psychology. | 绝望的悲观的心理 |
| 210 | In other news, have you ever noticed how some | 在其他新闻中,你有没有注意到... |
| 211 | websites make it ridiculously easy to buy while some feel infinitely harder? | 网站让购买变得荒谬, |
| 212 | Back in my day, | 从前, |
| 213 | I had to walk 10 miles to the local store. | 我不得不走10英里到当地的商店。 |
| 214 | Aren't you younger than me? | 你不比我年轻吗? |
| 215 | Yeah, but my dad got a DUI. | 是啊,但我爸有酒驾。 |
| 216 | Anyway, the reality is most businesses just get the website wrong, | 总之,现实是大多数企业只是把网站弄错了, |
| 217 | and if your setup is messy, you lose a ton of sales, which is why I'm such a massive fan of | 如果你的布局很乱,你就会失去一吨的销售量, 这就是为什么我这么热衷于 |
| 218 | Shopify. | 鱼化。 |
| 219 | They power 10% of all e-commerce in the United States, including brands like Gymshark, | 它们为美国10%的电子商务提供动力,包括Gymshark等品牌, |
| 220 | Skims, Allo, and Nutonic, because when it comes to converting browsers into buyers, they are best in | 斯基姆斯 斯基姆斯 斯基姆斯 Allo,还有Nutonic, 因为当将浏览器转换成买家时,它们最好 |
| 221 | their class. | 他们的阶级。 |
| 222 | Their checkout is 36% better on average compared to other platforms, and with | 与其他平台相比,他们的离职平均要好36%。 |
| 223 | Shopify),可以将转换提升50%. | |
| 224 | So upgrade your business and get the exact same | 所以,提升你的生意,得到同样的 |
| 225 | 我们和Shopify在Nutonic用过的支票 | |
| 226 | You can sign up for a free trial period by going | 你可以在免费的试用期注册 |
| 227 | to the link in the description below or heading to shopify.com slash modern wisdom. | 连接到下面描述或标题中的链接 shopify.com slash 现代智慧。 |
| 228 | That's | 这是 |
| 229 | shopify.com 斜线现代智慧. | |
| 230 | How much have you come to believe people can | 多少你来相信 人们可以 |
| 231 | train themselves into optimism, train themselves into agency? | 训练自己乐观,训练自己 机构? |
| 232 | How much are they constrained by their predisposition or their set point? | 他们受倾向性或定点的限制有多大? |
| 233 | Indeed, the great body of the work I've done is on the question, can you change? | 的确,我所完成的伟大工作就是在这个问题上,你能改变吗? |
| 234 | Can you stop being a pessimist? | 你能停止悲观吗? |
| 235 | Can you stop being a catastrophizer? | 你能停止做一个灾难者吗? |
| 236 | Can you come out of hopelessness and helplessness? | 你能摆脱绝望和无助吗? |
| 237 | A great deal of my work has been on, | 我的许多工作一直在, |
| 238 | can we change? | 我们可以换衣服吗? |
| 239 | The answer is yes, but let me tell you some of the techniques. | 答案是肯定的,但让我告诉你一些技巧。 |
| 240 | When I talk techniques here, these are not armchair techniques. | 当我在这里谈论技巧, 这些不是臂椅技巧。 |
| 241 | These are things that | 这些东西 |
| 242 | are now done with hundreds and in many cases thousands of people, and we look at them across | 现在有上百人 并且在许多情况下有上千人 并且我们从头到尾地看着他们 |
| 243 | time. | 时间。 |
| 244 | So let's take pessimism, seeing the worst side of everything. | 所以,让我们去悲观, 看到最糟糕的一面的一切。 |
| 245 | Pessimism comes quite naturally. | 悲观情绪自然而然。 |
| 246 | We are the creatures of ancestors who lived through the | 我们是祖先的生物 他们活在 |
| 247 | Pasadena today. | 帕萨迪纳今天。 |
| 248 | I'll bet tomorrow would be beautiful, got crushed by the ice. | 我敢打赌,明天将是美丽的, 被冰压碎。 |
| 249 | We inherited a brain that biased toward catastrophization and automatic thoughts about | 我们继承了一种大脑 倾向于灾难化和自动思考 |
| 250 | the worst. | 最惨的 |
| 251 | So being negative, being a pessimist comes naturally. | 消极的,悲观的自然而然 |
| 252 | What does not come naturally | 自然而然的东西 |
| 253 | and needs learning is being an optimist. | 需要学习 是一个乐观主义者。 |
| 254 | So let me give you some examples of the kinds of things | 所以,让我给你一些例子 类的东西 |
| 255 | that we do. | 我们这样做。 |
| 256 | The first thing we do is we put people in touch with the most pessimistic things they say | 我们要做的第一件事就是 让大家了解他们所说的最悲观的事情 |
| 257 | themselves. | 他们自己。 |
| 258 | For example, before the show last night, by the way, I am still a pessimist, | 比方说,在昨晚的演出之前, 顺便说一句,我还是个悲观主义者, |
| 259 | but I've learned optimism. | 但我学会了乐观 |
| 260 | I wake up Chris at four in the morning thinking, | 我早上四点醒来克里斯想 |
| 261 | gee, in 12 hours, I'm going to face someone who is reputed to be a really difficult interview. | 12小时后,我要面对一个 被誉为非常困难的面试 |
| 262 | I said, geez, I'm 84 years old. | 我说,天啊,我84岁了。 |
| 263 | Chris is in his 30s or 40s. | 克里斯已经三四十多岁了 |
| 264 | He probably knows the | 他也许知道 |
| 265 | literature better than I do, and I'm not quick anymore. | 文学比我好, 我不再快了。 |
| 266 | Okay, so I hear that voice, and it's | 好吧,所以我听到的声音,它是 |
| 267 | saying, you know, Marty, you're over the hill. | 说,你知道的,马蒂, 你在山上。 |
| 268 | You can't face Chris Williamson. | 你不能面对克里斯·威廉森 |
| 269 | But I have learned | 但我已经学会了 |
| 270 | to be an active disputer, realistically, of my most catastrophic thoughts. | 成为我最灾难性思想的 积极争议者 |
| 271 | So at four in the | 所以四点 |
| 272 | morning, I said, hey, wait a minute. | 早上,我说,嘿,等一下。 |
| 273 | I did an interview last week with someone like Chris, | 上周我和克里斯这样的人做了一次访谈 |
| 274 | and again, I thought, I can't do it at all. | 再说一次,我想,我完全做不到 |
| 275 | And it was super. | 超级棒 |
| 276 | Well, I was only 83 then, | 我那时才83岁 |
| 277 | and I'm 84 now. | 现在我84岁了 |
| 278 | I basically, with realistic arguments, treated the voice that said to me, | 基本上,我用现实主义的论据 对待对我说, |
| 279 | Seligman, you're over the hill, as if it was a rival for my job or my wife, | 塞利格曼,你在山上, 仿佛它是竞争我的工作或我的妻子, |
| 280 | whose mission in life was to make me miserable and to argue against it with realistic evidence. | 他的人生使命就是让我感到痛苦 用现实的证据来反驳 |
| 281 | And that, when you learn to become a good disputer of automatic thoughts, | 当你学会成为自动思考的好争议者时 |
| 282 | pessimism changes to optimism, and it's fun. | 悲观主义改变为乐观主义,也很有趣. |
| 283 | And in fact, when we do experiments on this, | 事实上 当我们做实验的时候 |
| 284 | six months later, people are more optimistic, less depressed, less anxious. | 6个月后,人们更加乐观,减少沮丧,减少焦虑. |
| 285 | Second technique, I'll just limit it to two now, but I could go on for the rest of our show | 第二招,我现在只限两招 但我可以继续表演 |
| 286 | about how to change from being an optimist to a pessimist. | 如何从乐观主义变成悲观主义。 |
| 287 | And part of the reason for wanting | 和一部分 想要的原因 |
| 288 | to talk about the book agency is I'd like people to read about this as well. | 我想让大家也读一下这个 |
| 289 | Here's something I've | 我有件事要说 |
| 290 | done with 40,000 drill sergeants in the United States Army. | 美国陆军中士4万次 |
| 291 | So during the Iraq War, the United | 所以在伊拉克战争期间,联合军 |
| 292 | States Army came to me and said, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, what does positive | 美国陆军来找我说,创伤后应激障碍,自杀,什么是积极的 |
| 293 | psychology say about that? | 心理学说的? |
| 294 | And so basically, the Army commissioned me to teach the drill sergeants, | 所以基本上,陆军委托我 教导钻探中士, |
| 295 | to teach positive psychology to one million men and women in the United States Army. | 向美国陆军一百万男男女女教授积极的心理学。 |
| 296 | So here's a technique that works very well, and I'll modify it not for the Army, but for | 因此,这是一个非常有效的技术, 我会修改它不为陆军, |
| 297 | the rest of us. | 我们其他人 |
| 298 | It's called putting it in perspective, noon on Friday. | 这叫"放入视野" 周五中午 |
| 299 | You get an email | 你得到一个电子邮件 |
| 300 | from your manager that says, come see me at four o'clock. | 你经理说 四点钟来看我 |
| 301 | What do you think? | 你觉得呢? |
| 302 | Oh my God, | 天呐 |
| 303 | I'm going to be fired. | 我要被开除了 |
| 304 | She's read my memo about the book. | 她读了我的关于这本书的备忘录。 |
| 305 | It's all over. | 皆悉灭尽. |
| 306 | And actually, | 事实上, |
| 307 | we're attracted to that. | 我们被它吸引。 |
| 308 | Now, we're catastrophizers for playas to scene reasons. | 现在,我们是灾难化者 玩耍来寻找原因。 |
| 309 | What can you do | 你能怎么办? |
| 310 | about being a catastrophizer? | 关于成为灾难者? |
| 311 | So here's what we do. | 因此,我们这样做。 |
| 312 | First, we have people imagine the very worst | 首先,我们有人想象最糟糕的 |
| 313 | that could happen at four in the afternoon. | 可能在下午四点发生 |
| 314 | They get into it. | 他们进入其中。 |
| 315 | She's going to take me apart, | 她要把我分开 |
| 316 | and I'm going to be fired. | 我要被开除了 |
| 317 | Okay, great. | 好吧,伟大的。 |
| 318 | Then we say, okay, that's the worst that can happen. | 然后我们说,好吧,这是最糟糕的 会发生。 |
| 319 | Now, what's the best thing that could happen at four in the afternoon? | 那下午四点能发生什么好事? |
| 320 | And she'll say, | 她会说, |
| 321 | she's read my memo on the marketing campaign. | 她读了我关于营销运动的备忘录 |
| 322 | She thinks it's wonderful, and she's calling | 她觉得这很好 她打电话来 |
| 323 | me in to give me a raise and promote me. | 升职升职 |
| 324 | Okay, great. | 好吧,伟大的。 |
| 325 | Now, what's the most likely outcome? | 最可能的结果是什么? |
| 326 | What's in between and most likely and most realistic? | 什么是在中间 和最可能 最现实? |
| 327 | Well, she's probably read my memo | 她可能读了我的备忘录 |
| 328 | on the marketing campaign. | 在营销运动。 |
| 329 | She likes it. | 她喜欢 |
| 330 | She thinks the budget is much too high, | 她认为预算太高了 |
| 331 | and she's going to ask me to cut the budget. | 她会让我削减预算 |
| 332 | Great. | 不错 |
| 333 | What can you do now to prepare for the | 你现在能做什么来准备 |
| 334 | four o'clock interview? | 四点的采访? |
| 335 | So putting in perspective is a second of about 15 different exercises | 因此,把视角 大约15种不同的练习的第二 |
| 336 | that change pessimism into optimism, that change helplessness into agency. | 将悲观变成乐观 将无助变成机构 |
| 337 | I don't know. | 师曰. |
| 338 | That to me, the predisposition that we have, the | 对我来说 我们的倾向 |
| 339 | set point of everything being so negative, it seems so natural, that email that you get at | 设定点,每件事物都是负面的, 它看起来是如此自然, |
| 340 | four o'clock, and you think, that's it. | 四点钟,你觉得,就这样 |
| 341 | My job's done. | 我的工作结束了。 |
| 342 | I'm going to be kicked out. | 我要被赶出来。 |
| 343 | I'm going to be | 我会是 |
| 344 | homeless on the street, and I'm going to live under a bridge, and I'm going to have a gluten | 街上流浪汉,我要住在桥下, 还要吃一顿 |
| 345 | intolerance and a club foot, and it's all going to go horrendously. | 不容忍和俱乐部的脚, 这一切都会去可怕的。 |
| 346 | That feels so natural to us. | 这对我们来说太自然了 |
| 347 | It's literally as natural as breathing for a lot of people. | 对很多人来说,这是自然的。 |
| 348 | But what we have on our sides is realism, a realistic argument. | 但我们的方面是现实主义,一个现实的争论. |
| 349 | So it's very important | 所以这很重要 |
| 350 | when you put something in perspective, or you argue against the thought, | 当你把东西放在正题上, 或者你反对思想, |
| 351 | how could I ever have a good interview with Chris Williamson? | 我怎么会有一个很好的采访 克里斯威廉森? |
| 352 | That it be realistic, | 现实一点 |
| 353 | and you marshal evidence that's realistic. | 你收集证据,这是现实的。 |
| 354 | So I have a club foot. | 所以我有一个俱乐部的脚。 |
| 355 | I'm homeless. | 我无家可归。 |
| 356 | I'm going to wind | 我要风了 |
| 357 | up living under a bridge. | 住在桥下 |
| 358 | It's indeed like the most catastrophic thoughts we have. | 这确实是我们最灾难性的想法 |
| 359 | But when you learn to become a good disputer, as opposed to just treating your most catastrophic | 但当你学会成为一个好的争议者, 而不是仅仅对待你最灾难性的 |
| 360 | thoughts as if they were true, empirically, it turns out people learn this. | 从经验上看,人们都明白这一点。 |
| 361 | They learn it well. | 他们学得很好 |
| 362 | They become better at it. | 他们变得更好。 |
| 363 | It alleviates depression and anxiety and increases of flourishing. | 它减轻了抑郁和焦虑,并增加了繁荣。 |
| 364 | So in advance, I didn't know if it would work, but it turns out there's something called meta | 所以,事先,我不知道它是否可行, 但事实证明,有东西叫做元 |
| 365 | analysis in which you go over the entire literature instead of just doing one study. | 分析,你翻阅整个文献 而不是只做一项研究。 |
| 366 | Well, it turns out there are, last count, 335 studies of these positive techniques | 嗯,结果,有,最后的数, 335 研究 这些积极的技术 |
| 367 | on depression, well-being, and anxiety. | 忧郁、安乐、焦虑 |
| 368 | What you do is you put the whole literature together, | 你所做的就是把整个文献集中起来 |
| 369 | and the literature basically shows that contrary to what you and I might have thought at the | 文献基本上表明 与你和我可能想的相反 |
| 370 | beginning, that there are a set of more than a dozen techniques that increase optimism | 一开始,有十几种技术可以增加乐观 |
| 371 | and increase human agency. | 并增加人的能力。 |
| 372 | What's the relationship between optimism and agency? | 乐观与代理的关系是什么? |
| 373 | Agency, your new | 机构,你的新 |
| 374 | obsession. | 迷恋。 |
| 375 | This is a new book. | 这是一本新书 |
| 376 | How is it different from optimism? | 这与乐观有何不同? |
| 377 | How have you come to conceptualize | 你怎么来构思 |
| 378 | that? | 那个? |
| 379 | For me, agency has three components, and optimism is the second one. | 对我而言,机构有三个组成部分,乐观是第二个组成部分。 |
| 380 | The first component is efficacy. | 第一个组成部分是效力。 |
| 381 | Efficacy is the belief that you can accomplish your goals | 功效就是相信自己能实现自己的目标 |
| 382 | in the here and now. | 此时此刻 |
| 383 | Secondly, optimism is the belief that you can accomplish your goals | 第二,乐观是相信 你能够实现你的目标 |
| 384 | into the far future. | 在遥远的未来。 |
| 385 | Third, imagination is the range of goals that you can accomplish | 第三,想象力是能够实现的目标范围 |
| 386 | into the far future. | 在遥远的未来。 |
| 387 | To be agentic, you have to be efficacious, believing you can accomplish | 要干劲,你必须干劲,相信自己能成功 |
| 388 | your goals now, optimistic, I can do them into the future, and imaginative. | 你现在的目标,乐观, 我可以做他们的未来, 和想象力。 |
| 389 | There's a large range of | 有一大范围 |
| 390 | goals that I can accomplish. | 我可以完成的目标。 |
| 391 | The reason that expanded view of agency beyond just optimism | 机构观点的扩大不仅仅是乐观 |
| 392 | matters is at the heart of the new book. | 事情是新书的核心。 |
| 393 | That's human history, and when does human innovation | 这是人类的历史,人类何时创新 |
| 394 | occur? | 发生? |
| 395 | That's in the presence of full-blown agency. | 这是在全局机构面前。 |
| 396 | How predictive is agency in someone's | 机构在别人身上有多有预测性 |
| 397 | outcomes, do you think? | 你觉得结果如何? |
| 398 | Our best evidence comes across cultures and across time and place. | 我们的最佳证据来自不同文化以及时间和地点。 |
| 399 | What the book agency is about, it takes the human condition from hunter-gatherers | 书社会把猎人和采集者的人类状况 |
| 400 | through agriculture, through Homer, through the Greeks, through the Middle Ages, | 通过农业, 通过荷马, 通过希腊人, 通过中世纪, |
| 401 | through the Reformation and the Renaissance, and through modern times, and asks the question, | 通过改革 和文艺复兴, 通过现代,问问题, |
| 402 | when do human beings flourish and when do they stagnate? | 人类何时繁荣,何时停滞? |
| 403 | In the laboratory, I devoted my life | 在实验室,我奉献了我的生命 |
| 404 | to showing that these three components, when they're present, produce more happiness and less | 显示这三个组成部分,当它们出现时, 产生更多的快乐和更少 |
| 405 | depression. | 抑郁症。 |
| 406 | The challenge of the book was to go back through history and ask the question, | 书中的挑战在于回顾历史 问问题 |
| 407 | there are long periods in which people stagnate. | 人们在很长一段时间里僵持不下。 |
| 408 | The Middle Ages is a very interesting example. | 中世纪是一个非常有趣的例子. |
| 409 | There are other periods in which humans flourish and innovation flourishes. | 还有其他时期人类蓬勃发展,创新蓬勃发展. |
| 410 | The hypothesis I was dealing with was, is this caused in the same way it is in the laboratory? | 我所处理的假设是, 这是否和实验室里一样? |
| 411 | We know from the laboratory, when we make people more optimistic, more efficacious, | 我们从实验室知道 当我们让人们更加乐观 更加高效 |
| 412 | and more imaginative, they do better, less depressed, flourish. | 更富有想象力, 他们做的更好, 不那么沮丧,繁荣。 |
| 413 | The challenge was to go | 挑战就是离开 |
| 414 | through history and ask the question, what is the role of agency in human progress and human | 人类进步和人类进步中 |
| 415 | innovation? | 创新? |
| 416 | In other news, if you're trying to go from Joey Chestnut to Joey Swole, the RP Strength | 换句话说,如果你想从乔伊·栗子到乔伊·斯沃勒, RP力量 |
| 417 | app is the best place to start. | 应用程序是最好的开始地点。 |
| 418 | I've been in the gym for 20 years and it wasn't until the past few | 我在健身房待了20年 直到过去 |
| 419 | years that I had the best training sessions of my life and RP was a massive part of that. | 我一生中最好的训练课程 和RP是其中的一大部分。 |
| 420 | Actual | 实际数 |
| 421 | scientists built this thing around one obsession, to beat up the high school bullies and provide | 科学家们围绕一个迷恋 来打击高中的恶霸 |
| 422 | the most science-backed effective path to maximizing muscle gain. | 最科学支持的有效途径 最大化肌肉收益。 |
| 423 | It tells you your exercises, | 它告诉你的练习, |
| 424 | how many sets, reps and weights that you need to do, everything. | 多少套,代表 和重量 你需要做,一切。 |
| 425 | So all that you have to do is show | 所以,你要做的就是显示 |
| 426 | up and lift. | 抬起来 |
| 427 | If the RP app could wipe your ass for you, it probably would, and it adjusts | 如果RP应用能帮你擦屁股的话 它可能会调整 |
| 428 | automatically every week based on how you're actually progressing. | 每周自动根据你的实际进展 |
| 429 | For me, following a proper | 对我来说,遵循正轨 |
| 430 | evidence-based plan has made a massive difference and if you're serious about training, it'll do | 基于证据的计划 已经产生了巨大的变化 如果你认真的训练, 它会做 |
| 431 | the same for you too. | 你也一样 |
| 432 | Right now you can get up to $50 off the RP hypertrophy app by going to the | 现在,你可以从RP超营养应用中 得到50美元,通过去 |
| 433 | link in the description below, heading to rpstrength.com slash modern wisdom and using | 链接在下面的描述中,标题为 rpstrength.com slash 现代智慧并使用 |
| 434 | the code modern wisdom at checkout. | 密码 现代智慧在退票。 |
| 435 | 这是 rpstrength.com 斜线现代智慧和现代 | |
| 436 | wisdom at checkout. | 明智的检查。 |
| 437 | How have you come to learn about the relationship between humans and their | 你怎么来了解人类和他们的 |
| 438 | belief in agency? | 相信机构? |
| 439 | How has that changed over time? | 随着时间的推移,情况有什么变化? |
| 440 | So let me do this at least by example. | 因此,至少让我举个例子。 |
| 441 | If you look at just Homer, the Greeks, if you look at the older Homer, which is the Iliad in which | 如果你只看霍默,希腊人,如果你看 年长的霍默,这就是伊利亚德,其中 |
| 442 | Achilles doesn't do it, but the gods get Achilles to do it. | 阿ch梨不作,但诸神得阿ille梨. |
| 443 | Achilles is not agentic. | 阿喀琉斯不是特务. |
| 444 | A hundred years later, you've got Odysseus, the clever, wily, agentic person. | 一百年后,你得到了奥德修斯, 聪明,狡猾,代理的人。 |
| 445 | And if you track | 如果你跟踪 |
| 446 | across Greece, by looking at the texts from Homer through the sixth century, through the tragedians, | 在希腊各地,通过查看 霍默的文本 直到6世纪, 通过流浪汉, |
| 447 | through the golden age, what you see is a mapping of increased belief in agency | 在黄金时代,你所看到的 是一张图 显示对机构的信心增加 |
| 448 | with increased progress in five different realms of life. | 在生命的五个不同领域有了更大的进步。 |
| 449 | The first is thought. | 第一个是思考。 |
| 450 | The second is | 第二个是 |
| 451 | the arts, literature, sculpture. | 艺术、文学、雕塑 |
| 452 | The third is technology, medicine, and science. | 第三是技术、医学和科学。 |
| 453 | The fourth is the quality of life, death rate. | 第四是生活质量,死亡率. |
| 454 | And the fifth is political freedom, | 第五个是政治自由, |
| 455 | that if we take just the Greek period, you get basically a perfect mapping between | 如果我们只用希腊时期, 你基本上得到一个完美的映射 |
| 456 | increases in the belief in agency, coded for by the philosophical writings, | 越来越相信代理, 由哲学著作编码, |
| 457 | and increase in progress in all five of those domains. | 并增加所有五个领域的进展。 |
| 458 | Let me turn it on its side. | 让我把它转过来 |
| 459 | This progress continues through about 350 AD, and something very important happens in 383 AD, | 这一进展持续到大约350AD, 而一些非常重要的事情发生在383AD, |
| 460 | and that's St. Augustine. | 那是圣奥古斯丁 |
| 461 | Christian philosophers are becoming more and more | 基督教哲学家越来越 |
| 462 | agentic. | 代理服务。 |
| 463 | More and more you can be holy, and what you choose to do in life when you die, | 你可以越来越神圣, 当你死的时候,你选择在生活中做什么, |
| 464 | God is going to judge you for, and if you do good things and avoid the bad things, | 上帝会审判你 如果你做好事 避免坏事 |
| 465 | you're going to go to heaven. | 你会去天堂。 |
| 466 | That's the trajectory of Christian thought, continuing Greek thought. | 这就是基督教思想的轨迹,继续希腊思想. |
| 467 | Augustine comes along in 383 and renounces human agency. | 383年奥古斯丁来袭,放弃人类机构. |
| 468 | He declares that if you ever | 他宣称,如果你曾经 |
| 469 | resist temptation, if you ever do good things, ever avoid bad things, it's because God arbitrarily | 抗拒诱惑,如果你做过好事, 避免坏事,那是因为上帝任意 |
| 470 | injected you with grace. | 以恩赐给你 |
| 471 | This becomes church doctrine for the next almost thousand years, | 这成为教会的教义 在接下来的近千年, |
| 472 | and what you get by all five criteria is stagnation and regression in thought, in political freedom, | 你从这五个标准中得到的是 思想的停滞和倒退 政治自由 |
| 473 | in quality of life, in technology, in science, and in the arts. | 在生活质量、技术、科学和艺术方面。 |
| 474 | If you map human progress | 如果你绘制人类进步图 |
| 475 | against what the philosophical and religious beliefs are of the time, when they're highly | 与当时哲学和宗教信仰的对立, 当他们高度 |
| 476 | agentic, that's when humans flourish, just as they do individually now from laboratory evidence. | 人类从实验室证据中独立出来,就是如此。 |
| 477 | Conversely, if the religious and philosophical doctrines are pessimistic, non-agentic, God does | 相反,如果宗教和哲学理论是悲观的,非唯物主义的,上帝会 |
| 478 | it, it's all chance, it's all determined, that's when you get stagnation. | 它,这是所有的机会, 它是所有的确定, 当你得到停滞。 |
| 479 | Does that suggest that modern religious believers | 这是否表明现代宗教信徒 |
| 480 | might be less agentic than if the same person was an atheist? | 可能不如同一个人是无神论者那样有代理力? |
| 481 | It depends on the flavor of the religion. | 这取决于宗教的味道。 |
| 482 | Very interestingly enough, let's take modern Protestantism. | 非常有趣的是,让我们采取现代新教。 |
| 483 | The origins of modern Protestantism are Luther and Calvin, and contrary to what you might have | 现代新教起源于路德和加尔文,与你可能拥有的相反 |
| 484 | learned in school about the Reformation, Luther and Calvin out-Augustinian Augustine, that is, | 在学校里学到了改革, 路德和加尔文出奥古斯丁,即, |
| 485 | they believe in utter depravity, predetermination, and the absence of freedom of the will. | 他们相信彻底的堕落, 预先决定, 和缺乏意志的自由。 |
| 486 | And indeed, in 1524, the leading Catholic theologian Erasmus writes a major article | 事实上,在1524年,天主教主要神学家伊拉斯谟写了一篇重要的文章 |
| 487 | called On the Freedom of the Will, and it basically says we're like toddlers. | 调用 关于意志的自由, 它基本上说,我们 像幼儿。 |
| 488 | We fall down, | 我们掉下去 |
| 489 | God lifts us up, but we have to have motive power of our own to be lifted up. | 上帝把我们抬起来,但我们必须拥有自己的动机力量才能被抬起来. |
| 490 | Luther responds a year later saying, that's sheer nonsense. | 路德一年后回复说,这完全是胡说八道。 |
| 491 | We are predetermined. | 我们是预先确定的。 |
| 492 | Any time we're lifted up, it's only because God lifts us up. | 每当我们升起, 这仅仅是因为上帝让我们升起。 |
| 493 | So that's the origin of modern | 这就是现代的起源 |
| 494 | Protestantism. | 新教报. |
| 495 | Catholicism is becoming highly agentic. | 天主教正在变得具有高度的促进作用。 |
| 496 | Luther和Calvin杀了那个 | |
| 497 | But | 不过 |
| 498 | starting in the 17th and 18th century, Protestantism changes. | 从17世纪和18世纪开始,新教有所改变. |
| 499 | It adopts the notion | 它采纳了这个概念 |
| 500 | that we can participate in our own grace, that we can actually choose to do things | 我们可以参与我们自己的恩典, 我们可以选择做一些事情 |
| 501 | that get us into heaven. | 这让我们进入天堂。 |
| 502 | It's very hard to find a Lutheran or a Calvinist who believes | 很难找到一个路德会或加尔文主义者 |
| 503 | anything like utter depravity, lack of freedom of the will, and predetermination. | 像是完全堕落 缺乏意志的自由 以及预先决定 |
| 504 | Protestantism of the original Calvin Luther form kills progress in all five realms, and indeed, | 最初的加尔文·路德的新教破坏了所有五个领域的进步,事实上, |
| 505 | that's the evidence from what goes on. | 这是事实的证据 |
| 506 | Protestantism evolves from this fundamentalist | 新教从这个原教旨主义演变而来 |
| 507 | view and in many ways feeds the highly agentic American society and European society that we | 以及在许多方面为美国社会 和欧洲社会提供动力 |
| 508 | have today, and feeds greatly the last 200 years of unprecedented progress. | 并极大地推动了过去200年前所未有的进展。 |
| 509 | Bringing it into the modern world, how do you advise people to construct more agency in their | 把它带入现代世界,你如何建议人们 在他们的 |
| 510 | life? | 生活吗? |
| 511 | Well, let's take the things one at a time. | 好吧,让我们一个接一个。 |
| 512 | So the first aspect of agency is efficacy, and | 因此,机构的第一个方面是效能,和 |
| 513 | that is how do you get better at undoing your beliefs that you can't succeed? | 这就是你如何更好地改变 你无法成功的信念? |
| 514 | And indeed, | 事实上, |
| 515 | half an hour ago, Chris, you and I went over a variety of techniques for coming to believe | 半小时前,克里斯,你和我 研究了各种各样的技巧来相信 |
| 516 | that you have more efficacy. | 让你更有效率。 |
| 517 | The best techniques for efficacy—and this all comes from the modern | 最佳的功效技术—— 这一切都来自现代 |
| 518 | psychological laboratory—is actually doing things and having them succeed. | 心理实验室——实际上是在做一些事情,让他们成功。 |
| 519 | And sometimes, | 有时候 |
| 520 | we have to break. | 我们必须打破。 |
| 521 | If you're feeling helpless and hopeless, and you're looking at your apartment | 如果你感到无助和绝望, 你看着你的公寓 |
| 522 | and it's filthy, and you get out of bed, what am I going to do? | 脏死了,你下床,我该怎么办? |
| 523 | Go to your sink and wash one cup. | 去你的水槽洗个杯子 |
| 524 | Turns out, if you wash one cup, that leads to a cascade of mastery experiences. | 结果,如果你洗一个杯子, 导致一连串的掌握经验。 |
| 525 | One coffee tub. | 一个咖啡浴缸。 |
| 526 | You go on to two cups, and then you go on to cleaning up. | 你继续喝两杯 然后继续打扫 |
| 527 | And it turns out, | 结果发现, |
| 528 | when you do graded task assignment with people, you systematically increase efficacy. | 当你与人一起分配任务的时候,你系统地提高效能。 |
| 529 | For increasing optimism, we talked about arguing against your most catastrophic thoughts | 为了增加乐观,我们谈到反对你最灾难性的想法 |
| 530 | and putting things in perspective. | 并且把事情的视角。 |
| 531 | Teaching efficacy and optimism, there are literally a thousand studies that have | 教学效果和乐观,实际上有一千种研究 |
| 532 | demonstrated you can do it, and you can be more efficacious and more optimistic | 证明你可以做到这一点, 你可以更高效和乐观 |
| 533 | and happier tomorrow than you are today. | 明天比今天更快乐 |
| 534 | I'm very interested in the question, can you be more imaginative and more creative? | 我对问题很感兴趣 你能更有想象力和创造力吗? |
| 535 | Indeed, | 确实 |
| 536 | a lot of my work today with AI is exactly that question, and I'll tell you about that in a bit. | 我今天在AI的很多工作正是这个问题,我一会儿再告诉你这个问题. |
| 537 | But in spite of the fact that you go to Barnes and Noble, you're going to find several bookshelves | 但尽管你去了巴恩斯和诺贝尔 你会找到几个书架 |
| 538 | called creativity and imagination. | 被称为创造力和想象力。 |
| 539 | No one's really succeeded at teaching more imagination | 没有人真正成功地教了更多的想象力 |
| 540 | and more creativity. | 和更多的创造力。 |
| 541 | So we've got brainstorming, we've got taking a shower, taking a break, | 所以我们有集思广益, 我们有一个淋浴,休息, |
| 542 | but none of these things are enormously effective. | 但这些东西都没什么大不了的 |
| 543 | And it really wasn't until I came across | 直到我发现 |
| 544 | Claude和ChatGPT在人类的创造力 以及我们 | |
| 545 | can become more imaginative. | 更能创造力 |
| 546 | And a lot of my work and thinking now is about the joint use of AI | 我的许多工作与思考 是关于共同使用AI |
| 547 | and human imagination to produce an unprecedented level of creativity. | 和人类的想象力 产生前所未有的创造力 |
| 548 | It's interesting, I think a lot of people would assume that AI would be sapping agency, | 有趣的是,我想很多人会 假设AI会是盗版机构, |
| 549 | you know, outsourcing thinking, outsourcing the feeling of being needed, of being useful in the | 你知道, 外包思维,外包 感觉需要, 有用在 |
| 550 | world. | 这个世界 |
| 551 | Yes, indeed. | 是的,确实。 |
| 552 | The doomsayers have the floor at the moment, and they're telling us all the | 说厄运的人现在要发言 他们告诉我们 |
| 553 | terrible things that AI might do to remove human agency, make us less human and the like. | 可怕的事情,AI可能做 移除人类机构, 使我们少人和类似。 |
| 554 | If AI had come along before Nicky 30 years ago, I would have joined them in as a doomsayer. | 如果AI在30年前就和尼基一起 我早就和他们一起当末日说客了 |
| 555 | I'd | 我会 |
| 556 | have been great at seeing all the hypotheticals that could go wrong. | 一直以来都非常喜欢看到 所有可能出错的假设 |
| 557 | But AI has done exactly the | 但是,AI确实做了 |
| 558 | opposite in my life. | 与我人生的对面 |
| 559 | And let me take you through my story about AI and why I've come to believe AI | 让我告诉你我的故事 关于AI和为什么我来相信AI |
| 560 | is the best companion and supplementor of human agency of my lifetime. | 这是我一生中人类机构最好的伴侣和补充者。 |
| 561 | So first story, I have two four-year-old grandsons, | 所以第一个故事是 我有两个四岁的孙子 |
| 562 | Denny and Max. | 丹尼和麦克斯 |
| 563 | I am crazy about them. | 我为他们疯狂 |
| 564 | But the problem is, I'm 80 years older than they are. | 但问题是,我比他们大80岁。 |
| 565 | They walk faster than I can run. | 他们走得比我跑得快 |
| 566 | I can't throw a football around with them. | 我不能和他们一起踢足球 |
| 567 | And the sad thing, | 和悲伤的事情, |
| 568 | starting at age two, I noticed that I was becoming invisible to them. | 从2岁开始,我注意到 我变得隐形 对他们。 |
| 569 | So what could I do? | 我该怎么办? |
| 570 | So I went | 于是我离开了 |
| 571 | to Claude, and I said, Claude, Anthropics AI, help me write stories in which Max and Denny | 克劳德,我说,克劳德,人类学AI, 帮助我写故事 马克思和丹尼 |
| 572 | are the heroes. | 是英雄们 |
| 573 | So I said, chapter one, Max and Denny see the haunted lighthouse in Stone Harbor. | 所以我说,第一章,麦克斯和丹尼 看到在石港的鬼灯塔。 |
| 574 | Well, basically, we're now on book six, chapter 24. | 嗯,基本上,我们现在在第六本,第24章。 |
| 575 | This is where Max and Denny | 这是麦克斯和丹尼 |
| 576 | tour the solar system together. | 一起环游太阳系 |
| 577 | And basically, with a combination of Claude helping me write stories | 基本上 克劳德帮我写故事 |
| 578 | and Cat GPT giving wonderful oil paintings of Max and Denny from their photographs flying on | 和猫GPT 赠送精彩的油画 马克斯和丹尼 从他们的照片飞翔 |
| 579 | Pegasus and the like, the kids can't wait to see me anymore. | 飞马之类的 孩子们等不及要见我了 |
| 580 | I'm visible. | 我可见. |
| 581 | They want to see me. | 他们想见我。 |
| 582 | They want the story. | 他们想要这个故事。 |
| 583 | So part one, the warm up is even though I'm very cognizant of the doomsayers | 所以,第一部分,热身是 虽然我非常了解 说末日的人 |
| 584 | saying we're going to be dehumanized, I've got more love in my life by a lot by the two people | 说我们要被非人化了, 我的生命中有更多的爱 通过很多 两个人 |
| 585 | I most care about in the world because of AI. | 我最关心的是AI |
| 586 | That was part one, human emotion, big supplement | 这是第一部分,人类的情感,大补品 |
| 587 | for me. | 对我来说。 |
| 588 | But the big issue is creativity. | 但最大的问题是创造力。 |
| 589 | Is AI creative? | AI有创意吗? |
| 590 | And the answer is for me, | 答案是给我的 |
| 591 | there are two views of what the number is in creativity. | 数字在创造力上有两种观点。 |
| 592 | So the view that most of you probably | 所以,观点,你们大多数人可能 |
| 593 | is creativity comes out of the brow of Zeus. | 创造力来自宙斯的眉毛 |
| 594 | So it's one person, Michelangelo, a genius, | 所以,这是一个人,米开朗基罗, 一个天才, |
| 595 | sculpting out of this piece of Marvel David. | 雕刻出这幅马维尔·大卫的作品. |
| 596 | Well, I don't think AI is creative in the sense of | 我觉得人工智能在 |
| 597 | Michelangelo. | 米开朗基罗. |
| 598 | But the second theory of creativity, which is one that I think is most plausible, | 但第二个创造力理论 我认为这个理论最可信 |
| 599 | is that the number is two. | 数字是2。 |
| 600 | It's the Wright brothers going back and forth. | 是赖特兄弟往来. |
| 601 | It's McCartney | 是麦卡特尼 |
| 602 | and Lennon, Kahneman and Tversky, Balanchine and Farrell. | 以及列侬,卡恩曼和特维尔斯基,巴拉辛和法雷尔. |
| 603 | Orville says this, Wilbur says no, | 奥维尔说,威尔伯说不, |
| 604 | that's wrong. | 这是错误的。 |
| 605 | They go back and forth. | 复次诸行. |
| 606 | And out of that, they not only figure out how birds fly, | 他们不仅知道鸟儿的飞行方式 |
| 607 | much more importantly, they create the first airplane. | 更重要的是,他们创造了第一架飞机。 |
| 608 | This is the sense in which AI is | 这就是人工智能的意义 |
| 609 | massively creative. | 巨大的创造性。 |
| 610 | And let me give you two examples of this. | 让我举两个例子。 |
| 611 | I've been working on this | 我一直在研究这个 |
| 612 | book of agency for seven years. | 代理书7年。 |
| 613 | There's been a lot of work. | 功德虽多. |
| 614 | Chapter eight is about China. | 第八章是关于中国的. |
| 615 | So | 这么说 |
| 616 | I had looked at the West and found that the more agentic people were, the more progress there was. | 我观察了西方,发现人们越是积极,进步就越大。 |
| 617 | But is this something peculiar about individualism and the West? | 但这是个人主义和西方的奇特之处吗? |
| 618 | And so I looked at ancient China with | 所以我看着古代中国 |
| 619 | my Chinese colleagues from Beijing. | 我来自北京的中国同事 |
| 620 | And indeed, we tracked Chinese agentic thought from the | 事实上,我们追踪到中国特工的想法 |
| 621 | Tang Dynasty to modern times. | 唐朝至现代. |
| 622 | And we basically found that when there was good balance between | 而我们基本上发现 当有良好的平衡 |
| 623 | individual and collective agency, that's when you get progress in China. | 个人和集体机构,这就是你在中国取得进步的时候。 |
| 624 | That's chapter eight. | 即为第八章. |
| 625 | Chapter nine is Israel, the Hebrews. | 第九章是以色列,希伯来人. |
| 626 | And what I had done in chapter nine is I look at agency | 而我在第九章中所做的是 我看着代理 |
| 627 | in the Torah. | 在图拉。 |
| 628 | Well, the five books of Moses are not very agentic. | 摩西的五本书不太能干 |
| 629 | God basically does the | 上帝基本上会 |
| 630 | heavy lifting here. | 举重这里。 |
| 631 | The Hebrews complain and go along with them. | 希伯来人抱怨并与之同行. |
| 632 | But starting after the Torah | 但从"陀罗经"开始 |
| 633 | in the writings of the prophets, that's when you get human agency as opposed to God's agency. | 在先知的著作中, 也就是当你得到人代理 而不是上帝代理。 |
| 634 | That's chapter nine. | 这是第九章。 |
| 635 | I turned this into my editor. | 我把这个变成了我的编辑。 |
| 636 | She says, Marty, there's no transition | 她说,马蒂,没有过渡 |
| 637 | between chapter eight and chapter nine. | 在第八章和第九章之间。 |
| 638 | I had been staring at these chapters at that point for | 我一直盯着这些章节 |
| 639 | five and a half years, and I couldn't see a transition. | 五年半,我看不到一个过渡。 |
| 640 | So I go to Claude and say, | 所以我去找克劳德说 |
| 641 | hey, Claude, read chapter eight and read chapter nine and write me a transition. | 嘿 克劳德 读第八章 读第九章 给我写个过渡 |
| 642 | Whoosh. | 呜呼. |
| 643 | At the same time across the globe as the Chinese were struggling with the question | 与此同时,全球各地的中国人都在为这个问题挣扎 |
| 644 | of the relationship of individual agency to the state, the Israelites were wrestling with | 以色列人与国家的关系, |
| 645 | a more basic question, the relationship of human agency to God. | 一个更基本的问题 人类与上帝的关系 |
| 646 | Well, that turns out to be exactly | 原来如此 |
| 647 | right. | 对 |
| 648 | I couldn't see it. | 我看不见 |
| 649 | Claude could see it. | 克劳德可以看到它。 |
| 650 | Here's the big thing that Claude did creatively. | 这是克劳德创造性地做的大事 |
| 651 | So that's just one example of maybe a very clever critic could have come up with that. | 因此,这只是一个例子,也许一个非常聪明的批评家会想到这一点。 |
| 652 | But Claude did and I didn't. | 但我没有 |
| 653 | But here's something Claude and | 但这是克劳德和 |
| 654 | Chat GPT did that with my going back and forth with them that no human being could possibly have | 查特・GPT做了,我 与他们往返, 没有人可能有 |
| 655 | done. | 结束了。 |
| 656 | They solved something I call the mystery of the Axial Age. | 他们解决了我称之为轴心时代的谜题 |
| 657 | Now, the Axial Age is if you look | 现在,轴线时代是 如果你看 |
| 658 | at a thousand BCE at Greece, China, the Hebrews, Persia, and India. | 在希腊、中国、希伯来人、波斯和印度的一千个BCE。 |
| 659 | On terms of progress, | 在进展方面, |
| 660 | all of these cultures are backwater villages, no coinage. | 所有这些文化都是背水村,没有硬币。 |
| 661 | You take any criteria of progress, | 你接受任何进步标准, |
| 662 | nothing is happening in a thousand BCE. | 一千个BCE里什么都没有发生 |
| 663 | 500 BCE,500 年后, | |
| 664 | all five of these civilizations are booming. | 所有五个文明都在蓬勃发展。 |
| 665 | They're inventing things, coinage, art, tragedy, | 他们发明的东西,硬币,艺术,悲剧, |
| 666 | Buddha, Confucius. | 菩萨,孔子. |
| 667 | What happened in the 500 years? | 这500年发生了什么? |
| 668 | What happened in five cultures across | 在五种文化中发生的事情 |
| 669 | the Axial Age that enabled innovation? | 让创新成为动力的轴心时代? |
| 670 | That's called the great mystery of the Axial Age. | 这被称为轴线时代的大谜团. |
| 671 | Something big happened to human beings between a thousand and 500 BCE. | 在一千到五百个BCE之间 人类发生了大事 |
| 672 | I had the hypothesis that it was words, that in a thousand BCE, none of these five cultures had | 我有一个假设,这是文字, 在一千个BCE, 这五个文化中没有一个有 |
| 673 | words for human agency. | 说给人类机构听 |
| 674 | Then by 500 BCE, they've got words that describe, I can do it, optimism, | 到了500BCE,他们有 描述,我可以做到这一点,乐观, |
| 675 | efficacy, and imagination. | 功效和想象力 |
| 676 | That's the hypothesis. | 这就是假设。 |
| 677 | That's Orville saying it's words that did it. | 那是奥维尔说,这是词 做到了。 |
| 678 | I went to Wilbur, in this case Claude, and again with Chat GPT. | 我去了威尔伯,在这个案件中克劳德, 和查特GPT。 |
| 679 | I said, look, is this true? | 我说,你看,这是真的吗? |
| 680 | Could it be there were no words for human agency in a thousand? | 难道一千人里没有人类机构的话吗? |
| 681 | Then suddenly this huge panoply | 突然间 突然间 突然间 |
| 682 | of agency words have developed, and so both of them went through. | 所以他们俩都经历了 |
| 683 | No human being. | 无有众生. |
| 684 | There's | 还有 |
| 685 | barely a field called ancient philology anymore, but there is no human being who is fluent in | 几乎没有一个叫做古哲学的领域了, 但没有人谁谁流利 |
| 686 | Aramaic, Hebrew, Sanskrit, ancient Chinese, | 阿拉姆语 希伯来语 梵语 古中国语 |
| 687 | changes in Persian language, and ancient Greek, and Golden Age Greek, but they are. | 波斯语的变迁,古希腊语的变迁,以及黄金时代希腊语的变迁,但都是. |
| 688 | They're ancient philologists. | 他们是古代的哲学家. |
| 689 | After a day of going back and forth, they basically demonstrate | 经过一天的往返, 他们基本上展示 |
| 690 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}这五种文化都发现了 | |
| 691 | about human agency. | 关于人体机构。 |
| 692 | When we have words, then we can do things. | 当我们有话要说,我们就能做点什么。 |
| 693 | If you take a term like sexual | 如果你拿一个术语像性 |
| 694 | harassment, people were always being harassed sexually in the office from time immemorial, | 从古到今,人们总是在办公室受到性骚扰, |
| 695 | but we didn't have the word until about 1975. | 但我们直到1975年才知道 |
| 696 | Once we got the words, we got lawsuits and mandatory | 一旦我们得到的字, 我们有诉讼和强制 |
| 697 | training, and the B2 movement, and the like, because the words came into being. | 训练,和B2运动,等等, 因为词出现。 |
| 698 | When you've | 当你有了 |
| 699 | got words for agency, that enhances human agency. | 有话要说 能够增强人的能力 |
| 700 | A quick aside, you've probably heard me talk about | 你可能已经听到我说的了 |
| 701 | Element before, and that's because I've started every single morning the same way for the last | 之前的元素, 那是因为我开始 每一天早上一样的方式 对于最后 |
| 702 | five years now, which is a cold glass of water with Element in it. | 5年了,这是一杯冷水 里面有元素。 |
| 703 | Element is an electrolyte | 元素是电解质 |
| 704 | drink mixed with everything that you need and nothing that you don't. | 饮与一切你需要的 和一切你没有的。 |
| 705 | It's a science-backed | 这是一个科学支持 |
| 706 | electrolyte ratio of sodium, potassium, and magnesium. | 钠、钾和镁的电解比。 |
| 707 | No sugar, no coloring, no artificial | 没有糖,没有颜色,没有人工 |
| 708 | ingredients. | 成分。 |
| 709 | It reduces muscle cramps and fatigue, supports brain function, and helps to regulate | 减少肌肉抽筋和疲劳,支持大脑功能,帮助调节 |
| 710 | your appetite throughout the day. | 你的胃口 一整天。 |
| 711 | I genuinely notice the difference when I take it versus when | 我真正注意到区别 当我接受它与何时 |
| 712 | I don't, which is why I don't shut up about it, and also why it's used by everyone, from Dr. Andrew | 所以我才不闭口不谈 也是为什么每个人都会用它,从安德鲁医生那里 |
| 713 | Huberman to Olympic athletes and FBI sniper teams, the good sniper teams, not the bad ones. | 休伯曼呼叫奥运运动员和联邦调查局狙击队,好狙击队,而不是坏的. |
| 714 | Also, they have a no questions asked refund policy, so if you don't like it for any reason, | 而且,他们没有问题 问退款政策,所以如果你不喜欢它 任何理由, |
| 715 | they'll just give you your money back. | 他们会把钱还给你的 |
| 716 | Plus, they offer free shipping in the US. | 此外,他们在美国提供免费航运。 |
| 717 | Right now, | 现在 |
| 718 | you can get a free sample pack of Element's most popular flavors with your first purchase by going | 免费的样本包 元素最受欢迎的口味 |
| 719 | to the link in the description below, or heading to drinklmnt.com slash modern wisdom. | 和下面描述的链接,或向 drinklmnt.com 斜线现代智慧。 |
| 720 | 那是drinklmnt.com (英语). | |
| 721 | slash modern wisdom. | 斜击现代智慧. |
| 722 | Does that have an implication that because humans learn through language as | 这是否意味着人类通过语言学习 |
| 723 | well as action, that the infectiousness of the culture that we put ourselves into, the sort of | 以及行动,我们所投入的文化的传染性, |
| 724 | content that we expose ourselves to, the things we read, the friends that were around, the stories | 内容,我们暴露自己, 我们读的东西, 朋友身边,故事 |
| 725 | that we hear, that has a unique contribution to our learned hopefulness or helplessness | 对我们所学到的希望或无助 有着独特的贡献 |
| 726 | and our ability to understand agency. | 以及我们了解机构的能力 |
| 727 | It feels like we're very permeable in that way for what | 感觉我们非常 渗透的方式什么 |
| 728 | narrative and story and local influence can be on our belief in agency and therefore our ability | 叙事和故事以及地方影响可以影响我们对机构的信念,从而影响我们的能力 |
| 729 | to enact agency. | 以颁布机构。 |
| 730 | Absolutely. | 当然 |
| 731 | Here's an example from the Bible, from Hebrew. | 以下是圣经中的一个例子,来自希伯来语. |
| 732 | In the Torah, | 在《讨拉特》里, |
| 733 | go beyond the Torah, after the Torah, the word teshuvah occurs for the first time. | 超越"陀罗",在"陀罗"之后,Teshuvah一词首次出现. |
| 734 | Teshuvah means repentance, that you can redo your life. | Tesuvah的意思是忏悔 你可以重过自己的生活 |
| 735 | It doesn't occur in the Torah. | 不见于陀罗尼经. |
| 736 | Once you have a notion like repentance, that tells you there are agentic things that you can do | 一旦你有了悔改的念头,那就告诉你,有些事情你可以做 |
| 737 | to repent, to make life better. | 忏悔 改善生活 |
| 738 | And as far as we can see, that doesn't exist before. | 而据我们所知,这在以前并不存在. |
| 739 | In Greek, we get the word weakness of the will. | 在希腊语中,我们得到意志的弱点。 |
| 740 | Well, before that word, what you have is a | 好吧,在这个词之前,你有一个 |
| 741 | civilization in which the gods are telling you what to do. | 在文明中 众神在教你怎么做 |
| 742 | When you get weakness of the will, | 当你得到意志的软弱, |
| 743 | that has a concept of the human being as having a will, and when they go astray, it's something | 人类有意志的概念 当他们误入歧途 |
| 744 | they're responsible for. | 他们有责任。 |
| 745 | So our entire notions of moral responsibility did not exist in these | 因此,我们的整个道德责任概念 并不存在在这些 |
| 746 | five cultures a thousand years ago. | 千年前的五种文化。 |
| 747 | But once you get words that are about will and freedom | 但一旦你得到关于意志和自由的话 |
| 748 | and choice and repentance, then you get a completely different view of what the human | 选择和忏悔,然后你得到 一个完全不同的观点 什么人 |
| 749 | being is and that the human being can make life better. | 人类可以让生活更美好 |
| 750 | How differently do you think a human mind would have experienced reality 1200 years ago | 你觉得1200年前 人类的心灵会经历多少不同 |
| 751 | than me or you or anybody listening does now? | 比我或你,或任何人 听现在做? |
| 752 | Well, it's very hard to know. | 很难知道 |
| 753 | And the evidence that we have is just through what's written. | 而我们掌握的证据 就是通过写的东西。 |
| 754 | But one major hypothesis, this is of Julian Jaynes, a wonderful book called The Bicameral | 但有一个主要假设,这是朱利安·杰恩斯的 一本很棒的书,叫做"两院制" |
| 755 | Mind about 50 years ago. | 注意50年前的事了 注意点 |
| 756 | He was a teacher of mine. | 他是我的老师 |
| 757 | Jaynes argued that consciousness itself, | 杰恩斯认为意识本身, |
| 758 | this thing inside of us that's looking at this landscape of reality and has agency, isn't there | 我们内心的这个东西 看着现实的面貌 有代理,是不是有 |
| 759 | until the Bronze Age. | 直到青铜时代 |
| 760 | And so for Jaynes, the transition in Homer from Achilles being a puppet | 对Jaynes来说 荷马从阿基里斯的过渡是傀儡 |
| 761 | of the gods to Odysseus being this masterful, cunning, wily person is a huge change in | {\fn华文楷体\fs16\1cHE0E0E0}上帝对奥德修斯来说 {\fn华文楷体\fs16\1cHE0E0E0}是一个巨大的变化 |
| 762 | consciousness. | 意识。 |
| 763 | So the extreme people here believe that consciousness as we know it | 所以这里的极端人相信我们所知道的意识 |
| 764 | is barely present 3000 years ago, but by 2500 years ago, it's across the globe. | 几乎是3000年前的, 但是到2500年前, 它遍布全球。 |
| 765 | And indeed, the writings we have indicate that. | 事实上,我们所写的文章表明了这一点。 |
| 766 | So if you look across different cultures, | 所以,如果你看 不同文化, |
| 767 | there aren't psychological words in 1000 BCE. | 1000BCE里没有心理词 |
| 768 | And before writing occurs for the first time | 在第一次写作之前 |
| 769 | 3500 BCE, there are no psychology, no consciousness words. | 3500BCE,没有心理学,没有意识词. |
| 770 | There are lists | 有名单 |
| 771 | and there are words about the gods and the idols. | 并有关于众神和众神灵的文字。 |
| 772 | 但到了500BCE, | |
| 773 | consciousness emerges. | 意识出现. |
| 774 | So the most radical hypothesis is that we weren't conscious | 所以最激进的假设是 我们没有意识 |
| 775 | 3000 years ago and something new happened. | 3000年前,发生了一些新的事情。 |
| 776 | Consciousness as we know it now, introspection | 我们现在知道的意识,回顾 |
| 777 | develops for the first time. | 第一次开发。 |
| 778 | And that's the radical view. | 这就是激进的观点。 |
| 779 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 780 | And the mechanism for that would be this kind of self-belief, this language, | 而这个机制就是这种自信 这种语言, |
| 781 | this cultural technology that allowed us to reflect inward. | 这种文化技术让我们能够内向反射。 |
| 782 | Because I think I'm right in | 因为我认为我是对的 |
| 783 | having the bicameral mind, the whole point of that was that the inner words that we | 有两院制的思想, 整个要点是 我们内心的话 |
| 784 | have inside of ourselves would not seem to be self-generated. | 我们的内心似乎不是自我创造的 |
| 785 | They were. | 他们是。 |
| 786 | So the | 所以说 |
| 787 | spoken from above or below I guess they were they were from God well indeed | 从上到下,我猜他们都是从真主那里来的。 |
| 788 | James's hypothesis is quasi neurological it's that 3,000 years ago the gods are | 詹姆士的假设是 准神经学是3000年前的神祇 |
| 789 | talking to us from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere okay and that as | 从右半球到左半球的谈话 |
| 790 | the corpus callosum develops oh this is a this is a structural argument this is | 这个是结构论 |
| 791 | a phenomenological argument is structural wow that's a neural mythology I think it's | 生理学上的论点是结构 哇,是神经神话,我想是 |
| 792 | more like population pressures so I think on 3,000 years ago you could get | 更像是人口压力,所以我想 在3000年前,你可以得到 |
| 793 | along in your little tribe by listening to the gods and obeying your parents | 在你的小部落里,通过倾听神灵和服从父母 |
| 794 | but in all five of these cultures there is upheaval the Doric invasion the raiders | 但是在这五种文化中 都发生了动乱 多里克入侵突袭者 |
| 795 | from across the sea and when there's upheaval and you meet new people in order to survive | 从海对面,当有 动荡,你遇见新的人 为了生存 |
| 796 | listening to the gods of your fathers and obeying them doesn't get along very well with these | 听令尊的神灵的话 服从他们的神灵 和他们相处不好 |
| 797 | you have to be able to think about what they might be thinking you have to leave listening | 你必须能够思考 他们可能认为 你必须离开听 |
| 798 | to the gods and form other minds and so from my point of view what social upheaval does is it | 从我的观点来看 社会动荡是 |
| 799 | drives consciousness consciousness in particular what's called theory of mind being able to | 驱使意识,特别是所谓的心灵理论 能够 |
| 800 | intuit what the other person might be thinking is what drives the change in consciousness | 随心所欲 别人可能想的是什么 驱动意识的改变 |
| 801 | between 1,500 and more specifically for me it's you get words that do this given that I think | 1500到更具体地说, 对我来说,这是你得到的文字 做到这一点,因为我认为 |
| 802 | almost everybody loves the idea of more freedom more independence more agency if they know that | 几乎每个人都喜欢 更多自由的想法 独立更多代理 如果他们知道 |
| 803 | is more agency always a better thing for humans is there such a thing as having too much agency | 更多的代理总是更好的事物 对于人类来说,有 这样的事物,有太多的代理 |
| 804 | I think agency is double-edged and so most of what I do in the book is to take the three | 我觉得中介机构是双重的 所以我在书中所做的大部分就是拿下三个 |
| 805 | components efficacy optimism and imagination and celebrate them and talk about the progress | * 部分效果乐观和想象力,庆祝和谈论进展 |
| 806 | that it brings but each of these has a shadow side so efficacy is our ability to accomplish | 它带来,但每一个都有阴影的一面 所以功效是我们完成的能力 |
| 807 | goals but the fact that we can make an atom bomb doesn't mean we should it doesn't tell us | 但我们能制造原子弹 并不意味着我们不该说 |
| 808 | uh so we we develop the steam engine and this has a lot of costs in pollution and the like | 所以我们开发蒸汽机 这在污染方面有很多成本 |
| 809 | so efficacy had being able to do something doesn't tell us we should do it being optimistic about | 因此,效力 能够做一些事情 不告诉我们,我们应该这样做 乐观 |
| 810 | things doesn't mean they're going to turn out well it leads to | 事情并不代表他们会 发现很好 它导致 |
| 811 | foolish decisions but it also leads to blaming the victim and that is if you think that good | 愚蠢的决定 但也会导致责怪受害者 如果你觉得这样很好 |
| 812 | character and smarts produce wealth technology freedom and you find people who are poor and | 性格和聪明能创造财富科技自由 你找到穷人 |
| 813 | oppressed you might blame them for not doing this so that's the shadow side of optimism and | 被压迫的你可能会责怪他们没有这样做 所以这就是乐观的影子 |
| 814 | the shadow side of imagination is we've now imagined to my mind the greatest technological | 想象力的影子 是我们想象中最伟大的技术 |
| 815 | development in my lifetime which is AI we don't know what it's going to do so having efficacy | 我生命中的发展就是AI 我们不知道它会有什么效果 |
| 816 | optimism and imagination produces progress but what we need is a wise and moral sense | 乐观和想象能带来进步 但我们需要的是明智和道德感 |
| 817 | about efficacy optimism and imagination and that's not something that we can guarantee | 关于效率的乐观和想象 我们无法保证 |
| 818 | what was that analysis you did about trump and harris about that debate um i've been quite | 你对这场辩论做了什么分析? |
| 819 | interested in the relationship between optimism and winning elections and uh so i had done quite | 对乐观和赢得选举的关系感兴趣 所以我做了很多 |
| 820 | bit of work on coding uh optimism over the last since grover cleveland actually till now and uh | 做一些关于编码的工作... ... 呃... |
| 821 | looking at optimism in the nomination acceptance speeches rating optimism and in more than half the | 在接受提名的演讲中看到乐观,在超过一半的演讲中看到乐观。 |
| 822 | elections the more optimistic candidate wins uh so trump and harris presented a very interesting | 更乐观的候选人胜出,哈里斯呈现了一个非常有趣的 |
| 823 | contrast um everyone thought that trump was a doomsayer and a pessimist and indeed in the | 反之,大家都认为 霸权是一个末日 和悲观主义者 |
| 824 | following sense he was and that he talks about a lot more bad events than harris does but uh i | 根据他的感觉 他谈论的坏事 比哈里斯做的更多,但呃,我 |
| 825 | haven't been interested in the number of bad events the more bad events the darker you sound | 没有兴趣 坏事件的数量 越坏事件 你的声音越黑暗 |
| 826 | but uh uh in the nomination acceptance speeches trump and harris uh are about equally optimistic | 但是,呃,在提名 接受演讲胜出 和Harris 嗯 大约同样乐观 |
| 827 | and pessimistic so that would have said to me well it was a dead heat but for the first time | 并悲观,这样我就会说 这是一个死热,但第一次 |
| 828 | i decided to track all the press conferences going right right through uh october uh uh 31st | 我决定追踪所有记者招待会 直接通过 呃 october 呃 31st |
| 829 | uh i'd never done that before and starting around september 15th trump gets more and more | 我从来没有这样做过 以前和开始 围绕September 15的王牌越来越 |
| 830 | optimistic uh darker but the causes for trump are things he can change he's going to change them | 乐观点,呃,黑暗点... ...但霸权的起因是... |
| 831 | his attributions are optimistic and by election day uh trump is uh considerably more optimistic | 他的归属是乐观的 到选举日... ...... |
| 832 | than harris uh we put our data in a sealed envelope we sent it to reporters and the like | 我们把数据放进密封信封里 寄给记者之类的 |
| 833 | and i think we were the only pundits who predicted a substantial trump victory wow that is fascinating | 我认为我们是唯一一个 预言了重大胜利的学问 |
| 834 | i mean it goes to show how alluring optimism is you know not not just functionally useful inside | 我的意思是,它去显示如何诱人 乐观是,你不仅知道 功能有用的内部 |
| 835 | of your own life but it's a it's a kind of an attractor i suppose to sort of bring people in | 你的生活,但它是一种 一种吸引,我应该 排序带人进来 |
| 836 | what um of course misery loves company but company does not like misery uh and it turns out if you do | 当然,嗯痛苦 喜欢公司 但公司不喜欢 痛苦,呃,结果如果你这样做 |
| 837 | the following experiment uh i give you uh i'm gonna make you make cold calls and you're gonna | 接下来的实验... ...我给你... ...我要让你打冷电话... |
| 838 | read a script either in a very depressive tone or in a real chirpy tone and you just wait | 读一个剧本,或者用非常压抑的语气,或者用真正的鸣叫的语气,你就等着 |
| 839 | till people hang up on you you hang up on depressed people much faster uh than chirpy people | 直到人们挂断你的电话 你挂断了抑郁症的人... ... |
| 840 | in general optimism is a uh attractive characteristic the supplement industry is | 总的来说,乐观是 一种非常吸引人的特征 补充工业是 |
| 841 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}所有的产品都声称他们不能回来 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}这就是为什么我这么热衷于 | |
| 842 | momentous their co-founder jeff byers played in the nfl and saw firsthand just how wildly the | 他们共同创始人Jeffer在NFL玩过 亲眼目睹了 |
| 843 | quality of supplements can vary so he built momentous around a higher standard every product | 补充品的质量会有所不同 所以他围绕更高的标准 制造出很多产品 |
| 844 | momentous uses evidence-backed ingredients transparent doses and independent third-party | 大量使用证据支持的成分 透明剂量和独立第三方 |
| 845 | testing everything is nsf certified for sports so what's on the label is actually what's in the tub | 测试每件东西都经过体育认证 所以标签上的东西实际上是浴缸里的东西 |
| 846 | it's why momentous is trusted inside all 32 nfl locker rooms it's why i've trusted them with my | 这就是为什么所有32nfl更衣室里 都值得信任 |
| 847 | own supplements for years best of all momentous offers a 30-day money back guarantee so you can | 拥有这些年的补贴 最好的是提供30天的退款担保 |
| 848 | buy it and try it for 29 days if you don't love it they will give you your money back plus they | 买下去再试29天 如果你不喜欢的话 他们会把钱还给你 |
| 849 | internationally right now you get up to 35 off your first subscription and that 30-day money | 现在国际范围内,你从第一次订阅 和30天的钱中 得到最多35美元 |
| 850 | back guarantee by going to the link in the description below or heading to live momentous | 通过到下面描述中的链接或前往生命的重要位置来进行背面保证 |
| 851 | dot com slash modern wisdom and using the code modern wisdom at checkout that's l i v e m o m e | 点 com 斜线 现代智慧 并使用代码 现代智慧在退票,即 I v e m o m e |
| 852 | n t o u s dot com slash modern wisdom and modern wisdom at checkout are you familiar with resting | 现代智慧和退房时的智慧 你熟悉休息 |
| 853 | bitch face do you know what that is no tell me about that resting resting bitch face is i i have | 婊子脸,你知道什么是 不告诉我 休息休息婊子脸,我有 |
| 854 | a little bit of resting bitch face um it is a passive face when you're not doing anything you're | 有点休息的婊子脸... ...嗯... |
| 855 | just sat across the far side of the room maybe you're thinking about something and some people | 只是坐在房间的另一边 也许你在想一些事情和一些人 |
| 856 | across the far side of the room might look like this they're just sort of ambiently happy other | 穿过房间的另一边 可能看起来像这样 他们只是环境上很快乐 |
| 857 | people might look a little bit more like this and for the people that are listening i smiled and then | 人们可能看起来有点像 和那些正在听的人 我微笑然后 |
| 858 | i did my normal face my normal face is what's referred to as a resting bitch face it's someone | 我做了我正常的面孔 我正常的面孔 就是所谓的休息母狗脸 |
| 859 | who's like just minus 10% happy is there a literature on whether or not people like the | 有文献可以证明人们是否喜欢 |
| 860 | resting bitch face i don't know this is this this could be the next book actually i'm gonna do it | 休息的婊子的脸 我不知道这是这本书 可能是下本书 实际上我会做到这一点 |
| 861 | no yeah so resting bitch face resting bitch face uh who knew that i was gonna teach maybe the | 不,是的,所以休息的婊子 面对休息的婊子 谁知道我要去教 也许 |
| 862 | greatest positive psychologist of all time about resting bitch face today um i the reason the reason | 有史以来最伟大的心理学家 关于休息婊子的脸今天... ... |
| 863 | i bring it up is resting uh resting smiling face or resting bitch face is kind of the same as what | 我提出它是在休息... 休息在笑容上... 或者休息在母狗脸上... |
| 864 | you're talking about with the script it's the same person but just this sense of a demeanor it's the | 你在说剧本 是同一个人 但是这种贬低感 |
| 865 | packaging that everything's being wrapped in but somebody can say the same script but if it's a | 包装,所有的东西都在包里, 但有人可以说相同的剧本,但如果是一个 |
| 866 | little bit more bouncy but we do um ad reads for the podcast right and sometimes when i have to do | 有点刺激,但我们做嗯广告 读播客的权利,有时当我必须做 |
| 867 | a big chunk of them in a single day i'm not super i've been tired maybe i had a hard day or something | 一天之内一大堆人... ...我不是很累... |
| 868 | and the difference in how when i watch them back how happy i am to watch my own reads because in | 当我看着他们回来时 我是多么高兴看到自己的阅读 因为 |
| 869 | one of them i felt really positive about i'm saying the same words but i'm not saying them | 其中一个我觉得我很肯定 我说的是同样的话 但我没有说 |
| 870 | with the same level of bubbliness and bounciness anyway my point here is resting bitch face is | 不管怎么说,我的观点是 休息的婊子脸是 |
| 871 | someone wrapping the same face the same person the same demeanor in just a slightly different | 有人将同样的面孔 包裹在同一个人 同样的轻率 |
| 872 | expression and i think that uh that can change how people interpret who you are | 我觉得这可以改变人们如何诠释你 |
| 873 | well i've written it down and i'm going to work on it who knew there is a literature on fertility | 好吧,我已经写下来了,我要去研究它 谁知道有关于生育力的文献 |
| 874 | and optimism that optimistic people have more children uh that's something about attractiveness | 乐观地说,乐观的人有 更多的孩子,呃,这就是什么吸引力 |
| 875 | that's interesting i mean certainly we like to be around people that are positive some for the most | 有趣的是,我的意思是,我们当然喜欢 身边的人是积极的一些 对于大多数 |
| 876 | part i also wonder whether part of the optimism is those people just assume that they can deal | 我也想知道,乐观的一面是不是 那些人只是假设 他们可以交易 |
| 877 | with more children they think i've had one two will be fine three will be fine four will be | 他们认为我生了两个孩子 三个就够了 四个就够了 |
| 878 | fine as opposed to maybe some people that are a little bit more uncertain about the future they | 而不是某些人 更不确定他们的未来 |
| 879 | might not be they might not be so so conscious about whether they could deal with it i guess | 可能不是,他们可能没那么清楚 他们能不能应付,我想 |
| 880 | i'm kind of interested i'm just reminded chris of something that happened recently in my life about | 我有点感兴趣 我只是提醒Chris 最近发生的事情 |
| 881 | well-being and positivity and this actually is an example of how even at my age you can change so | 幸福与积极 这其实是一个例子 说明即使在我这个年纪 你也能改变 |
| 882 | you know i'm a complainer particularly at restaurants and i noticed when you know i'm | 你知道,我是一个抱怨者 特别是在餐馆 我注意到当你知道我 |
| 883 | serious about wine and food and i had been noticing that when i took all my kids and | 认真对待葡萄酒和食物 我一直注意到 当我带走我所有的孩子, |
| 884 | wife to good restaurants that they would cringe whenever the wine was brought to me | 妻子去好餐馆,他们会哭 当葡萄酒带给我时 |
| 885 | to taste because i would turn it down and criticize it and i realized uh really for the first time in | 来品尝 因为我会小声点批评它 我意识到 呃 |
| 886 | my life watching them cringe uh that if mandy my wife who is a sunny positive uh good resting face | 我一生都在看着他们... ...呃... |
| 887 | in fact uh if she was complained as much as i did i wouldn't want to be married to her | 事实上,如果她和我一样被投诉 我不想和她结婚 |
| 888 | and so about two years ago i resolved after the most recent restaurant experience | 大约两年前,我通过最近的餐厅经验 解决了问题 |
| 889 | not to complain anymore at rest we tested it out and about a week later we all went to a restaurant | 不要再抱怨了 我们测试过了 大约一周后 我们都去了一家餐厅 |
| 890 | and uh i ordered steak tartar and the maitre d came over to me and said oh i'm sorry professor | 嗯,我点了牛排塔塔尔 和女祭司过来 对我说,哦,对不起教授 |
| 891 | uh the machine is broken machine you don't make steak tartar with a machine the machine | 机器坏了,你不用机器做牛排塔塔 |
| 892 | you shave the shave the beef with a knife i'll have the smoked salmon uh so indeed i've stopped | 你用刀把牛肉剃了 我就把熏了的鲑鱼吃了 所以我真的停了 |
| 893 | uh it's not the resting bitch face although my resting face is frowny but i've learned the cost | 虽然我的休息脸皱眉 但我已经学会了代价 |
| 894 | of complaining and i can break myself of complaining resting complaining face at a uh at a restaurant | 抱怨和我可以打破自己 抱怨休息的脸 在呃 在餐厅 |
| 895 | i guess you know after all of this time you know over half a century of studying human flourishing | 我想你知道 过了这么多年 你知道半个多世纪 研究人类的繁荣 |
| 896 | what have you come to believe about what makes life worth living what is a good life well | 你相信什么 使生命值得生活 什么是美好的生活 |
| 897 | two things first i'd say the first is that uh having agency uh waking up in the morning | 首先我要说第一件事是 呃... 有个机构... |
| 898 | and having things that you can master that you're optimistic about uh is crucial for | 拥有你能掌握的东西 你乐观的呃是关键 |
| 899 | well-being happiness and how long you live and the second is the importance of living in the future | 幸福 幸福 你活多久 第二是未来生活的重要性 |
| 900 | as opposed to the past or the present so i i think uh the human species example is that we | 而不是过去或现在 所以我觉得人类的例子就是我们 |
| 901 | are creatures of the future that more than half of our thinking is planning for the future uh | 是未来的生物 我们一半以上的想法 都在为未来做计划 |
| 902 | and so i think it's very important to understand that we metabolize the past and the present | 所以我认为重要的是 要明白 我们代谢过去和现在 |
| 903 | in order to have a better future so being agentic and being perspective | 为了有一个更美好的未来 如此具有促进性和视角 |
| 904 | are for me the two keys to human flourishing across all of the papers that you've written | 对我来说,是人类兴旺的两把钥匙 你写的所有论文 |
| 905 | is a is there a best paper you wrote that you think didn't get anywhere near as much attention | 这是你写的最好的论文,你认为没有 得到更多的关注 |
| 906 | as it should have done it's the very best paper i've ever written almost no one has read | 因为它应该做的 这是我写过最好的论文 几乎没人读过 |
| 907 | uh i'm very interested in in dreaming uh and indeed about 40 years ago i wrote up my theory | 我对做梦很感兴趣 大约40年前我写了我的理论 |
| 908 | of dreaming which i think really is right it says dreams have three and only three components | 说梦有三部分,只有三部分 |
| 909 | one visual hallucinations secondly an emotional tone underneath it and third plot making by | 一个视觉幻觉,第二个是情感语气 第三个情节由 |
| 910 | relating the successive visual hallucinations to the underlying emotion well i think that | 把连续的视觉幻觉 和内心的情感联系起来 我认为 |
| 911 | explains dreaming i think i nailed it in fact it's the only thing i've ever written which i | 解释做梦,我想我钉它 事实上,这是我唯一写过的东西 |
| 912 | didn't have doubts about so i sent it i sent it to the psychological review which is our major | 没有怀疑 所以我把它寄给了心理审查 |
| 913 | journal and for two years the following thing went on uh 16 reviewers over the course of two years | 接下来的两年里 16位评论员在两年里 |
| 914 | half of whom say this is the best article on dreaming i've ever seen and half of them saying | 一半的人说这是我见过的 关于梦的最佳文章 一半的人说 |
| 915 | if you publish this i'm canceling my subscription to the psychological review so in fact i think | 如果你发表这个 我将取消对心理评论的订阅 所以事实上我想 |
| 916 | the only the best paper i've ever written uh uh maybe a hundred people have read | 这是我写过最好的报纸 呃... 也许有一百人看过 |
| 917 | in a very obscure journal well my favorite book of yours is what you can change and what you can't | 在一本很模糊的日记里 我最喜欢的书是 你能够改变的,你无法改变的 |
| 918 | and maybe not quite as obscure but that i i took the behavioral genetics red pill | 可能没有那么晦涩 但我把行为遗传学的红药丸 |
| 919 | robert plowman came on the show and i really sort of tumbled down the rabbit hole of understanding | 罗伯特·普尔曼上演了这个节目 我真的有点迷茫了 |
| 920 | predisposition and heritability and twin studies and joyce benenson came on the show and had lots | 早熟、早熟、双胞胎研究 喜悦的Benenson 上演了节目 并且有很多 |
| 921 | of conversations about this stuff and i think anyone that learns about the fact the building | 我想任何知道这栋楼事实的人 |
| 922 | blocks of what makes you a predetermined or at least predisposed before you arrive | 让你在到达之前 成为预设或至少预设的 |
| 923 | immediately you start to ask the question well how much should i try and what areas am i going | 你马上开始问问题,我该试多少,我要去哪些领域 |
| 924 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}以及我应该关注什么领域 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}呃 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}机构书很棒 | |
| 925 | you can change and what you can't for me was just so even if it is one of your more uh niche | 你可以改变,而你无法为我做的事 就是即使这是你更... |
| 926 | books it was wonderful like really really fantastic and i i reread it recently it must be | 书是美妙的,真的很棒 而且我最近重新读了它,它一定是 |
| 927 | 25 years old or so i i had written five editions of abnormal psychology so every five years i had | 25岁左右,我写了五本反常心理学 所以我每五年写一本 |
| 928 | revised the textbook with new discoveries well there were almost none and in fact what i said | 用新的发现来修改教科书 几乎没有,事实上我说的话 |
| 929 | in the book what you can change and what you can't that's pretty much remained the same so | 在书中,什么你可以改变,什么你不能改变, 几乎没有变化,所以 |
| 930 | psychotherapy and drugs work decently well on some things and don't work at all on others | 心理治疗和药物在有些事情上是正常的 而在另一些事情上是行不通的 |
| 931 | and it's very important for people to realize what is malleable and what is not | 对人们来说,认识到什么是可交易的,什么不是 |
| 932 | so you don't waste your money and effort on the stuff that's not changeable in fact there are | 所以不要浪费你的钱和精力 在那些不能改变的东西 事实上有 |
| 933 | lots of things in human life that are incorrigible and unchangeable and there are a lot of other | 人类生活中很多无法改变的东西 还有很多其他的 |
| 934 | things which are malleable and correctable and it's very important to know the difference | 事情是可塑的和可纠正的, 了解区别是非常重要的 |
| 935 | what of your ambitions in life is to not be boring why is that | 你在生活中的野心是什么 是不要无聊 为什么 |
| 936 | at age 21 when i decided to become a psychologist i went to one of my professors peter madison | 21岁的时候,我决定成为心理学家 我去找我的一位教授Peter Madison |
| 937 | and i told him i was going to become i was going to go to graduate school in psychology rather than | 我告诉他我会成为 进入研究生院 心理学而不是 |
| 938 | philosophy or become a professional bridge player those were my other two options and peter said | 哲学或成为职业桥梁选手 这是我另外两个选择 彼得说 |
| 939 | marty uh there are two reasons to become a psychologist one is not to be wrong | 玛蒂 呃 成为心理学家有两个原因 一个不是错的 |
| 940 | and the other is not to be boring i hope you choose the latter and indeed that's what i've | 而另一个是不要无聊 我希望你选择后者,事实上这就是我曾经 |
| 941 | chosen so good martin seligman ladies and gentlemen martin you rule i think you're great i love your | 选了这么棒的马丁 赛利格曼女士们先生们 马丁先生们 |
| 942 | work i just a unbelievable contribution to pivoting the world of psychology i'm so happy where should | 工作,我只是一个不可思议的贡献 支撑心理学的世界 我是如此的高兴在哪里应该 |
| 943 | people go to keep up to date with everything that you've got going on i've never woken up in the | 人们会跟随你的一切 我从来没有醒来过 |
| 944 | morning more excited than about my work than now and that's because there's something hugely new | 早上比我的工作更兴奋 因为有些事很新鲜 |
| 945 | on the horizon and that's ai so in my field and in my life ai changes everything it's the most | 在地平线上,这是Ai,所以在我的领域 和我的生活Ai改变一切 它是最 |
| 946 | important technological development in my life uh and it's really the first time in my life i | 我生命中的重要科技发展 也是我生命中第一次 |
| 947 | wished i was 21 again and not 84 wow well it's nice you know as a it's very popular and very | 希望我又21岁了 而不是84,哇... |
| 948 | trendy for people to push back against ai at the moment and um your learned optimism appears to be | 时下人们对Ai的反感 你的乐观态度似乎 |
| 949 | uh managing to countervail even the most uh negative of forces about how people feel about | 对付人们的感受 甚至是最负面的力量 |
| 950 | the the forthcoming robot apocalypse martin i appreciate you very much thank you so much for | 即将来临的机器人启示录 Martin 我非常感谢你 非常感谢你 |
| 951 | thank you chris good to meet you good to meet you too a quick note lots of people tell us that | 谢谢你,克里斯 很高兴见到你 很高兴见到你 太快的音符 很多人告诉我们 |
| 952 | youtube unsubscribes them from the channel even though they already pressed it so just check down | 尽管YouTube已经按了,但从频道上取消了他们的订阅,所以请检查一下 |
| 953 | there and see if the subscribe button is pressed you get access to episodes before anybody else if | 看是否按了订阅按钮 你就能比其他人先访问剧集 |
| 954 | you do supports me and the show helps me to bring you bigger and better guests and it makes me very | 你确实支持我 节目帮助我给你带来 更大更好的客人 让我非常 |
| 955 | happy so just go and give it a tap for me i thank you i thank you good to meet you good to meet you | 很高兴,所以就去给我打个电话 谢谢,谢谢你,很高兴见到你 |
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