告别“鸡同鸭讲”！顶级沟通高手的硬核心法：如何把极其复杂的事
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:07 | What if you need someone to understand an idea that's difficult to explain? | 如果你需要人来理解一个难以解释的想法呢? |
| 0:12 | Explaining a complicated idea so that someone can understand it is one of the ways society | 解释一个复杂的想法 这样人们就能理解它 是社会的方式之一 |
| 0:17 | moves forward. | 前进 |
| 0:19 | Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert came to TED with a difficult task. | 哈佛心理学家丹·吉尔伯特带着一项艰巨的任务来到TED. |
| 0:23 | In just a single short talk, he planned to explain a complicated concept called synthesized | 在一个简短的谈话中,他计划解释一个叫做合成的复杂概念 |
| 0:30 | happiness, and why it leads us to make incorrect predictions about our own futures. | 以及为什么它引导我们 对我们自己的未来作出不正确的预测 |
| 0:36 | Let's see how he goes about his task. | 让我们看看他如何完成任务。 |
| 0:39 | When you have 21 minutes to speak, two million years seems like a really long time, but evolutionarily | 当你有21分钟的时间说话, 两百万年似乎 是一个真正的漫长的时间, 但进化的 |
| 0:45 | two million years is nothing, and yet in two million years, the human brain has nearly | 两百万年是一无是处 然而两百万年后 人类大脑已经接近 |
| 0:50 | tripled in mass, going from the one and a quarter pound brain of our ancestor here, | 质量翻了三倍 从我们祖先的四分之一磅大脑里 |
展开字幕全文（131 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | What if you need someone to understand an idea that's difficult to explain? | 如果你需要人来理解一个难以解释的想法呢? |
| 2 | Explaining a complicated idea so that someone can understand it is one of the ways society | 解释一个复杂的想法 这样人们就能理解它 是社会的方式之一 |
| 3 | moves forward. | 前进 |
| 4 | Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert came to TED with a difficult task. | 哈佛心理学家丹·吉尔伯特带着一项艰巨的任务来到TED. |
| 5 | In just a single short talk, he planned to explain a complicated concept called synthesized | 在一个简短的谈话中,他计划解释一个叫做合成的复杂概念 |
| 6 | happiness, and why it leads us to make incorrect predictions about our own futures. | 以及为什么它引导我们 对我们自己的未来作出不正确的预测 |
| 7 | Let's see how he goes about his task. | 让我们看看他如何完成任务。 |
| 8 | When you have 21 minutes to speak, two million years seems like a really long time, but evolutionarily | 当你有21分钟的时间说话, 两百万年似乎 是一个真正的漫长的时间, 但进化的 |
| 9 | two million years is nothing, and yet in two million years, the human brain has nearly | 两百万年是一无是处 然而两百万年后 人类大脑已经接近 |
| 10 | tripled in mass, going from the one and a quarter pound brain of our ancestor here, | 质量翻了三倍 从我们祖先的四分之一磅大脑里 |
| 11 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}给这几乎3磅的肉饼 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}这里的每个人都在耳朵之间 | |
| 12 | What is it about a big brain that nature was so eager for everyone of us to have one? | 大自然如此渴望我们每个人拥有一个大大脑 这又是什么? |
| 13 | Do you feel a little spark of curiosity? | 你感到好奇吗? |
| 14 | That's the first step to a successful explanation. | 这是成功解释的第一步. |
| 15 | Once a mind is curious, it opens up. | 一旦一个想法是好奇的, 它打开了。 |
| 16 | Gilbert continues to spark our curiosity. | 吉尔伯特继续激起我们的好奇心。 |
| 17 | Well, it turns out when brains triple in size, they don't just get three times bigger, | 嗯,结果当大脑大小三倍, 他们不只是增加三倍, |
| 18 | they gain new structures, and one of the main reasons that our brain got so big is because | 他们得到新的结构, 而我们大脑变得如此庞大的主要原因之一 是因为 |
| 19 | it got a new part called the frontal lobe, and particularly a part called the prefrontal | 它有一个新的部分叫做前叶, 特别是一个叫做前叶的部分 |
| 20 | cortex. | 皮质.. |
| 21 | Now, what does a prefrontal cortex do for you that should justify the entire architectural | 现在,前额皮层对你有什么好处 应该证明整个建筑 |
| 22 | overhaul of the human skull in the blink of evolutionary time? | 人类头骨在进化的瞬间进行整顿? |
| 23 | While keeping us interested, Gilbert introduced the first concept he'll be building on, prefrontal | 吉尔伯特在吸引我们的同时, 提出了他将建立的第一个概念,前额 |
| 24 | cortex. | 皮质.. |
| 25 | It turns out the prefrontal cortex does lots of things, but one of the most important things | 原来前额皮层会做很多事情 但最重要的一件事 |
| 26 | it does is an experience simulator. | 它确实是一个经验模拟器。 |
| 27 | Pilots practice in flight simulators so that they don't make real mistakes in planes. | 飞行员在飞行模拟器中进行练习,以免飞机中发生真正的错误. |
| 28 | Human beings have this marvelous adaptation that they can actually have experiences in | 人类有如此奇妙的适应 他们实际上可以有经验 |
| 29 | their heads before they try them out in real life. | 他们在现实生活中试探他们的头 |
| 30 | This is a trick that none of our ancestors could do, that no other animal can do quite | 这是我们祖先都做不了的诡计,没有其他动物可以做 |
| 31 | like we can. | 就像我们能做的一样。 |
| 32 | It's a marvelous adaptation. | 这是很棒的适应。 |
| 33 | It's up there with opposable thumbs and standing upright in language as one of the things that | 它上面有可对抗的拇指 并站立在语言上 |
| 34 | got our species out of the trees and into the shopping mall. | 把我们的物种从树和购物中心。 |
| 35 | Gilbert just slipped in the second new concept, experience simulator. | 吉尔伯特刚刚滑进了第二个新概念,经验模拟器. |
| 36 | That's another key building block in the big idea he's planning to explain. | 这是他打算解释的大思想中的另一个关键组成部分. |
| 37 | The metaphor, that of a flight simulator, helps us understand what an experience simulator | 飞行模拟器的比喻 帮助我们理解经验模拟器 |
| 38 | is. | 没错 |
| 39 | Now, how about an example? | 举个例子怎么样? |
| 40 | All of you have done this. | 你们都做了这些。 |
| 41 | I mean, you know, Ben and Jerry's doesn't have liver and onion ice cream, and it's not | 我的意思是,你知道,本和杰里 没有肝和洋葱冰淇淋, 它不是 |
| 42 | because they whipped some up, tried it, and went yuck. | 因为他们鞭打一些,尝试它, 并发疯。 |
| 43 | It's because from, without leaving your armchair, you can simulate that flavor and say yuck | 这是因为,从, 不离开你的臂椅, 你可以模拟的风味 并说讨厌 |
| 44 | before you make it. | 在你来之前 |
| 45 | Gilbert uses a single strong example of how the experience simulator works, and then you | 吉尔伯特用一个很强的例子 来说明经验模拟器是如何工作的 然后你 |
| 46 | totally get what it is. | 完全得到它是什么样子。 |
| 47 | But now, the talk takes a turn. | 但是现在, 谈话需要转弯。 |
| 48 | Gilbert asks the audience to use their experience simulators to imagine going through two very | 吉尔伯特请观众用他们的经验模拟器来想象两个非常 |
| 49 | different life events, winning the lottery and becoming paraplegic, which means losing | 不同的生活事件,赢得彩票 和变得瘫痪, 这意味着输 |
| 50 | the use of your legs. | 用你的脚。 |
| 51 | He asks everyone which of these life events they would prefer to happen to them. | 他问每个人,这些生活事件中哪一个他们愿意发生. |
| 52 | Then he shares a truly amazing piece of information. | 然后他分享了一个真正惊人的信息。 |
| 53 | And interestingly, there are data on these two groups of people, data on how happy they | 有趣的是,有关于这两组人的数据, 关于他们有多快乐的数据。 |
| 54 | are. | 对 |
| 55 | And this is exactly what you expected, isn't it? | 这就是你期望的 不是吗? |
| 56 | But these aren't the data. | 但这些不是数据。 |
| 57 | I made these up. | 这些是我编的 |
| 58 | These are the data. | 这些是数据。 |
| 59 | You failed the pop quiz, and you're hardly five minutes into the lecture, because the | 你没有通过流行测验, 而且你几乎没有五分钟 在讲座,因为 |
| 60 | that a year after losing the use of their legs and a year after winning the lotto, lottery | 失去双腿一年后 赢得彩票一年后 |
| 61 | winners and paraplegics are equally happy with their lives. | 胜者与麻痹者同样对生活感到高兴. |
| 62 | What? | 你说什么? |
| 63 | That can't be right. | 这不可能 |
| 64 | This new concept of the experience simulator has suddenly taken you to a place you didn't | 这个经验模拟器的新概念 突然把你带到了你没有的地方 |
| 65 | expect, a confusing place. | 期待,一个令人困惑的地方。 |
| 66 | You're in what's called a knowledge gap. | 汝于所谓知识空隙中. |
| 67 | There's more information you need in order to understand the facts Gilbert has just presented | 为了了解吉尔伯特刚刚陈述的事实 你需要更多的信息 |
| 68 | to you. | 给你的。 |
| 69 | He goes on to fill in that gap. | 他继续填补这一空白。 |
| 70 | He and his coworkers have been researching something called impact bias, which is the | 他和他的同事一直在研究 所谓的撞击偏差,这就是 |
| 71 | tendency for our experience simulators to work badly, to make us believe different | 我们的经验模拟器 工作不好, 使我们相信不同的 |
| 72 | experiences are more different than they actually are. | 经验与实际不同。 |
| 73 | By putting a name on it, impact bias, the mystery of the information we're struggling | 通过给它起名字, 撞击偏差, 神秘的信息,我们正在挣扎 |
| 74 | to make sense of starts to become more believable. | 开始变得更可信 |
| 75 | Our curiosity is now burning more brightly than before. | 我们的好奇心现在比以前更加明亮。 |
| 76 | Gilbert uses our curiosity to reveal the big idea of his talk. | 吉尔伯特用我们的好奇心 来揭示他说话的大点子 |
| 77 | In fact, they really are from field studies to laboratory studies. | 事实上,它们确实从实地研究到实验室研究。 |
| 78 | We see that winning or losing an election, gaining or losing a romantic partner, getting | 我们看见选举的胜利或失败, 获得或失去一个浪漫的伙伴, |
| 79 | or not getting a promotion, passing or not passing a college test on and on have far | 或者没有升迁, 通过或不通过 大学考试 前后有远 |
| 80 | less impact, less intensity and much less duration than people expect them to have. | 影响较小,强度低,持续时间远低于人们预期。 |
| 81 | Now, in fact, a recent study, this almost floors me, a recent study showing how major | 事实上,最近的一项研究, 这几乎让我失望, 最近的一项研究显示, |
| 82 | life traumas affect people suggests that if it happened over three months ago with only | 生命创伤影响人们 表明如果发生在三个月前 |
| 83 | a few exceptions, it has no impact whatsoever on your happiness. | 有一些例外 这对你幸福没有任何影响 |
| 84 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 85 | Because happiness can be synthesized. | 因为幸福可以被合成. |
| 86 | Sir Thomas Brown wrote in 1642, I am the happiest man alive. | 托马斯·布朗爵士在1642年写道,我是活着最幸福的人. |
| 87 | I have that in me that can convert poverty to riches, adversity to prosperity. | 我体内有那种能将贫穷转化为财富,将逆境转化为繁荣的事物。 |
| 88 | I am more invulnerable than Achilles fortune hath not one place to hit me. | 我比阿喀琉斯的财富 更难受 没有一个地方可以打我 |
| 89 | Kind of remarkable machinery does this guy have in his head. | 这家伙脑子里有很出色的机器 |
| 90 | Well, it turns out it's precisely the same remarkable machinery that all of us have. | 结果发现它和我们拥有的机器 完全一样 |
| 91 | Human beings have something that we might think of as a psychological immune system, | 人类有我们可能想到的东西 作为一个心理免疫系统, |
| 92 | a system of cognitive processes, largely non conscious cognitive processes that help them | 认知过程系统,主要是帮助他们的无意识认知过程 |
| 93 | change their views of the world so that they can feel better about the worlds in which | 改变他们对世界的看法 让他们能感觉更好的世界 |
| 94 | they find themselves. | 他们发现自己。 |
| 95 | There it is, Gilbert's big idea, something called synthetic happiness. | 吉尔伯特的大主意 就是所谓的合成幸福 |
| 96 | He goes on to describe how this works. | 他接着描述了这是如何运作的。 |
| 97 | It's like an immune system for the mind. | 这就像一个免疫系统 为心灵。 |
| 98 | Just as the immune system protects our bodies from infection, synthesized happiness protects | 就像免疫系统保护我们的身体免受感染一样 合成的幸福保护我们 |
| 99 | our peace of mind. | 我们的平静 |
| 100 | Our brains build happiness for themselves even when things don't go as planned. | 我们的大脑为自己创造幸福 即使事情没有按计划进行 |
| 101 | Gilbert got his audience to understand synthesized happiness by building on the concepts of prefrontal | 吉尔伯特通过利用前额的概念,让观众理解综合的幸福 |
| 102 | cortex, experience simulator, and impact bias. | 皮层,经验模拟器,以及撞击偏差. |
| 103 | And to make it clear, he used another metaphor, the immune system. | 为了说明这一点,他使用了另一个比喻,免疫系统. |
| 104 | Gilbert didn't try to explain his complicated idea in one big leap. | 吉尔伯特没有试图在一次大跃进中解释他的复杂想法. |
| 105 | He got there piece by piece. | 他一个一个地得到了那里。 |
| 106 | After giving us some examples of synthesized happiness in action, he goes on to show how | 在向我们举出一些在行动中综合幸福的例子之后,他继续展示了如何实现幸福。 |
| 107 | you can live a wiser, happier life if you remember synthetic happiness exists. | 如果你记得合成幸福的存在 你可以过上更聪明更快乐的生活 |
| 108 | At the end of the explanation, the way we see the world has been upgraded. | 在解释的最后,我们看待世界的方式得到了提升. |
| 109 | It's richer, deeper, and truer. | 它更丰富,更深,更真实. |
| 110 | There is a lot of evidence out there suggesting that this is how understanding must be built. | 有很多证据表明,这就是必须建立理解的方式。 |
| 111 | Like a tower. | 如塔顶. |
| 112 | Each new block of information supports the next new block of information. | 每个新的信息块支持下一个新的信息块. |
| 113 | Each bit gets stronger, thanks to metaphors and examples. | 由于比喻和例子,每一点都变得更加强大. |
| 114 | The metaphors show us the shape of each new idea so that the mind knows how to recognize it. | 隐喻向我们展示了每个新思想的形状,这样心灵才知道如何认识它. |
| 115 | If the core of your talk is explaining a powerful new idea, it's helpful to ask, what do you | 如果你的谈话核心 是解释一个强大的新想法, 它有帮助的问,你有什么 |
| 116 | think your audience already knows? | 你的观众已经知道了吗? |
| 117 | What are the building blocks you need to explain your idea? | 你需要解释你的想法是什么构件? |
| 118 | What metaphors and examples can you use to help listeners understand things they may | 你用什么比喻和例子来帮助听众理解他们可能做的事? |
| 119 | not be familiar with yet? | 还没熟吗? |
| 120 | It can be tricky to spot what things an audience may need help understanding. | 发现观众可能需要帮助理解的事物可能很困难。 |
| 121 | We all suffer from something economist Robin Hogarth calls the curse of knowledge. | 我们都受到经济学家罗宾·霍加思所说的知识诅咒的折磨. |
| 122 | Basically, we find it hard to remember what it feels like not to know something that we | 基本上,我们发现很难记得 是什么感觉,不知道的东西,我们 |
| 123 | ourselves do know. | 我们自己知道 |
| 124 | This might be the most important requirement for clear communication. | 这可能是明确沟通的最重要要求。 |
| 125 | You can't give a powerful new idea to an audience unless you can figure out how to | 你不能给观众一个强大的新想法 除非你能想出办法 |
| 126 | explain it. | 解释一下 |
| 127 | That can only be done step by step, fueled by curiosity. | 这只能一步一步地完成,而好奇心又助长了这种情况。 |
| 128 | And if you're offering your audience an idea that contradicts what they already believe, | 如果你给观众一个与他们已经相信的相反的想法 |
| 129 | you'll need another tool, persuasion. | 你还需要另一个工具,说服。 |
| 130 | 更多学习我们下段视频或访问ed.ted.com slash students talk 来带来这些工具 | |
| 131 | to your classroom or after school program. | 上课或放学后 |
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