TED演讲：不平等和焦虑之间的联系？

发布于 2024-04-22 · 时长 8:21

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	I'm sure you've noticed the difference between posed photographs and pictures taken of people	我敢肯定,你已经注意到了摆放的照片和照片的区别
0:09	who are unaware of the camera.	他们不知道相机。
0:12	The pictures where people are unaware, they often look like this.	那些人们不知道的照片, 他们常常看起来像这样。
0:17	This picture was taken in central London.	这张照片是在伦敦市中心拍摄的.
0:20	People in the prime of life, and yet everyone there looks haggard, depressed, anxious.	年青时的人, 和然而所有的人看起来羞愧,沮丧,焦虑。
0:27	Some of them look quite angry, not a smile to be seen.	其中一些人看起来很生气,没有看到微笑。
0:32	And yet if you look at pictures of people posed, they put their arms around each other,	然而,如果你看的照片人们摆, 他们把手臂围绕对方,
0:38	as in this picture.	和这张照片一样
0:40	They smile.	他们笑了
0:41	That's, I think, how we'd like to be seen, how we think we should be together.	我认为,我们想被看到, 如何认为我们应该在一起。

展开字幕全文（105 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	I'm sure you've noticed the difference between posed photographs and pictures taken of people	我敢肯定,你已经注意到了摆放的照片和照片的区别
2	who are unaware of the camera.	他们不知道相机。
3	The pictures where people are unaware, they often look like this.	那些人们不知道的照片, 他们常常看起来像这样。
4	This picture was taken in central London.	这张照片是在伦敦市中心拍摄的.
5	People in the prime of life, and yet everyone there looks haggard, depressed, anxious.	年青时的人, 和然而所有的人看起来羞愧,沮丧,焦虑。
6	Some of them look quite angry, not a smile to be seen.	其中一些人看起来很生气,没有看到微笑。
7	And yet if you look at pictures of people posed, they put their arms around each other,	然而,如果你看的照片人们摆, 他们把手臂围绕对方,
8	as in this picture.	和这张照片一样
9	They smile.	他们笑了
10	That's, I think, how we'd like to be seen, how we think we should be together.	我认为,我们想被看到, 如何认为我们应该在一起。
11	Unfortunately, the data tells a different story.	不幸的是,这些数据讲述了一个不同的故事。
12	In the UK, surveys have shown that 74% of adults have felt so stressed,	在联合王国,调查显示,74%的成年人感到如此紧张,
13	they're overwhelmed and unable to cope.	他们无法应付
14	32% have had suicidal thoughts.	32%的人有自杀的想法。
15	16% have actually self-harmed.	16%的人实际上自残。
16	In the USA, pictures are very similar.	在美国,图片非常相似.
17	79% felt stressed every day, and almost 60% have felt paralysed by stress.	每天有79%的人感到压力,近60%的人感到由于压力而瘫痪。
18	When there are new figures that come out in the media showing levels of stress, depression,	当媒体出现新的数字显示压力程度,抑郁,
19	self-harm, drug abuse, eating disorders, what's the response?	自我伤害,吸毒,饮食失调,有什么反应?
20	It's simply to demand more services, more psychotherapists, more psychologists, more psychiatrists.	只是要求更多的服务,更多的心理治疗师,更多的心理学家,更多的心理医生.
21	It's as if a large majority of the population were being seriously injured,	好像大多数居民都受了重伤
22	and instead of finding out what's going wrong, we simply want more surgeons to stitch them up.	而不是找出什么是错的, 我们只是希望更多的外科医生把它们缝合起来。
23	The crucial question we must ask is why is this happening?	我们必须问的关键问题是,为什么会发生这种情况?
24	Why even in rich countries?	为什么在富国?
25	I'm an epidemiologist, which means I've spent my career doing research	我是一个流行病学家, 这意味着我花了我的职业生涯做研究
26	on the causes of health and illness in populations.	关于人口健康和疾病的原因。
27	And I want to show you that inequality is a really powerful cause	我想告诉你,不平等是一个真正强大的原因
28	of higher levels of anxiety and mental distress, unhappiness, depression.	更深层次的焦虑和精神痛苦, 不幸福,抑郁。
29	I'd like you to cast your minds back to when you felt anxious, embarrassed, nervous,	我希望你能回心转意当你感到焦虑、尴尬、紧张时
30	in front of other people, the social exposure.	当着别人的面, 社会曝光。
31	Maybe when you're making a speech or going to a party where you don't know anyone.	也许当你在演讲或去一个你不认识的派对时
32	But all sorts of situations where we face the threat of being seen negatively	但我们面临被负面看待威胁的各种情况
33	cause these sorts of emotions.	造成这种情绪。
34	This graph is a summary of hundreds of studies of exposing people to different kinds of stress	这个图是上百项研究的总结,这些研究使人们受到不同种类的压力.
35	while measuring what happens to their stress hormones, principally cortisol, central stress hormone.	在测量压力荷尔蒙时主要是皮质醇中枢压力荷尔蒙
36	And what it shows is that what most pushes up our levels of stress hormones	它显示最能提升压力荷尔蒙水平的东西
37	are what is called social evaluative threat, threats to self-esteem or social status	所谓社会评价威胁、自尊或社会地位威胁
38	where others can negatively judge your performance.	其他人可以负面评价你的表现
39	So although these social stresses are widely recognized and we're all familiar with them,	虽然这些社会压力被广泛认可我们都熟悉
40	people fail to see how inequality makes them worse for all of us.	人们不明白不平等如何使他们更加恶化。
41	In this slide, along the bottom, you've got different income groups	在这个幻灯片中,沿着底部,你们有不同的收入组别
42	from the poorest tenth of the population on the left to the richest on the right.	从最贫穷的十分之一的左边人口到最富有的右边人口。
43	And up the side, you've got a measure of status anxiety.	上方,你有一定程度的状态焦虑。
44	How worried people are about how they're seen and judged by others.	人多担心别人如何看待和判断.
45	The top line shows levels of status anxiety across all income groups in the more unequal societies.	最上面的一行显示了较不平等社会中所有收入群体的状况焦虑程度。
46	And the bottom line shows the much lower levels of status anxiety in the more equal societies.	而底线则表明在比较平等的社会中,地位焦虑的程度要低得多.
47	I think what we're dealing with is whether we live in societies with a very steep social hierarchy like that	我认为我们所处理的是我们是否生活在一个社会
48	or much shallower one like that.	或更浅的一样。
49	If you like bigger material differences between us,	如果你喜欢我们之间更大的物质差异
50	increase the social distances and those feelings of superiority and inferiority.	增加社会距离以及那些优越感和自卑感。
51	And that makes a big difference to social relationships within the society.	这给社会内部的社会关系带来了很大的影响.
52	Status and class become more important.	地位和阶级变得更加重要。
53	We're less likely to marry people with a different class background.	我们娶不同阶级背景的人的可能性较小.
54	Community life, as I've said, drops away.	社区生活,如我所说, 消失。
55	And violence also goes up because violence is triggered by people feeling looked down on,	暴力也随之上升因为暴力的起因是人们的视而不见
56	loss of face, disrespected, humiliated.	丢脸、不尊重、羞辱
57	Those are the triggers of violence.	这些是暴力的导火索。
58	And of course, people who are more sensitive to status issues,	当然,对地位问题比较敏感的人
59	violence is triggered more often.	暴力往往引发。
60	Consumerism also goes up because we're all trying to enhance our self-presentation.	消费主义也因为我们都在努力增强自我表现而上升.
61	All sorts of measures of social interaction show the whole social structure becoming more ossified with inequality.	各种社会互动措施表明,整个社会结构越来越受到不平等的影响。
62	Social mobility goes down.	社会流动性下降。
63	And with that, we're even further away from the equal opportunities	因此,我们离平等机会更远
64	which we claim to be trying to provide for children.	我们声称是想抚养孩子
65	So inequality isn't just about unfairness or poverty.	所以不平等不仅仅是不公平或贫困。
66	It puts us in social relationships, relationships of superiority and inferiority.	它使我们处于社会关系、优劣关系之中。
67	It ranks us from better to worse.	它让我们从好到坏。
68	It's a really invidious process.	这是一个非常令人反感的过程。
69	And it creates those feelings of inferiority at the bottom.	它在底部产生自卑感。
70	It makes us judge each other more by social status.	这使我们更能根据社会地位来判断对方。
71	And with that, we become more worried about how we are seen and judged by others.	因此,我们更加担心别人如何看待和评判我们。
72	There are two common responses to feeling so worried about how we're seen and judged.	对于我们如何看待和判断,感到如此担心,有两种常见的反应.
73	One is that you almost accept your inferiority, low self-esteem, lack of confidence.	一是几乎接受你的自卑,自卑,缺乏信心.
74	You withdraw from social life because you find it all too difficult.	你退出社会生活是因为你觉得这太困难了
75	And you become more vulnerable to depression.	你更容易受到抑郁症的伤害。
76	And indeed, rates of depression are higher in more unequal societies.	事实上,在较不平等的社会中,抑郁率更高。
77	The other common response is almost exactly the opposite.	另一个共同的反应几乎完全相反。
78	If you're worried about what people think of you, you talk yourself up.	如果你担心别人怎么看待你你就自言自语
79	You big yourself up.	你长大了
80	You flaunt your abilities and achievements.	你炫耀你的能力和成就。
81	You become narcissistic instead of modest.	你变得自恋而不是谦虚
82	We see that too in more unequal societies.	我们在更加不平等的社会中也看到这一点。
83	This next graph is from a study of what psychologists call self-enhancement.	这个下图来自心理学家所谓的自我增强的研究.
84	People in different countries are asked how they think they compare to the average	不同国家的人们被问到,他们认为他们如何与平均水平相比
85	on different characteristics.	关于不同特性。
86	And what it shows is in more unequal societies, people big themselves up.	它所显示的是,在更不平等的社会里, 人们大自己。
87	They think they're better at things.	他们认为自己在事物上做得更好.
88	They present themselves in an exaggerated way.	他们以夸张的方式现身。
89	They become narcissistic.	他们变得自恋。
90	It's like everyone thinking they're better drivers than average.	这就像每个人都认为他们是更好的车手比平均水平。
91	That tendency is greater in more unequal societies.	在较不平等的社会中,这种趋势更大。
92	Mental illness is also worse in more unequal countries because mental illness	在较不平等的国家中,精神疾病也更为严重,因为精神疾病
93	is often triggered or exacerbated by issues to do with dominance and subordination,	往往因与支配地位和从属地位有关的问题而引发或加剧,
94	superiority and inferiority.	尊卑卑卑贱.
95	There was a recent study of the 36 OECD countries showing a tight correlation	最近对36个经合组织国家进行了一项研究,表明它们之间的关系很密切。
96	between levels of inequality in those societies and the ten most common	这些社会中的不平等程度与最普遍
97	mental disorders.	精神错乱。
98	I think the saddest part of this is that studies of happiness and well-being,	我认为最可悲的部分是研究幸福和幸福,
99	studies of health too, show that one of the most important determinants	表明最重要的决定因素之一
100	is the quality of our social relationships, our social environment, our friendships.	就是我们社会关系的质量,我们的社会环境,我们的友谊.
101	And that is where inequality does its greatest damage.	这就是不平等造成最大损害的地方。
102	To address this heavy burden of depression, anxiety, mental illness,	为了解决抑郁症焦虑症精神疾病
103	self-harm, what we have to do is reduce the levels of inequality in society	自我伤害,我们必须做的是降低社会不平等的程度
104	that divide us from each other.	将我们分开
105	Inequality is, in a sense, the enemy between us.	从某种意义上说,不平等是我们之间的敌人。

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