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TED演讲:为何苦乐参半的情感让我们更能体会生活之美?

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时间英文中文
0:03The idea of bittersweetness is that we live in a constant state, all humans do, it's a苦甜的想法是 我们生活在一个恒定的状态, 所有人类做,这是一个
0:11constant state of a kind of existence simultaneously of joy and sorrow, dark and light, bitter一种恒定的存在状态 同时快乐和悲伤 黑暗和光明 痛苦
0:19and sweet.和可爱。
0:21And then what comes with that is a heightened awareness of impermanence in all things, and随之而来的是,人们更加认识到万物中的不持久性,
0:27also a kind of curiously piercing joy at the beauty of the world, because there's something也是一种好奇的喜悦 对世界的美丽, 因为有东西
0:33about having this deep awareness that the joy comes with sorrow, the sorrow comes with深知欢乐与悲哀
0:39joy that makes us really attuned to the insane beauty all around us.快乐让我们真正适应 我们周围疯狂的美丽。
0:46I think the Stoics come at that from one point of view, there's the Stoic idea of, they would我想斯托伊克人会从一个角度出发 提出他们的想法
0:52call it memento mori, to remember all the time that we could die tomorrow, we don't把它称为纪念日, 记住所有的时间 我们可能明天死亡,我们不
0:58know what's going to happen, and that's a way of both calming us down and also making知道会发生什么, 这是一种方法 既使我们平静下来, 也使
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序号英文中文
1The idea of bittersweetness is that we live in a constant state, all humans do, it's a苦甜的想法是 我们生活在一个恒定的状态, 所有人类做,这是一个
2constant state of a kind of existence simultaneously of joy and sorrow, dark and light, bitter一种恒定的存在状态 同时快乐和悲伤 黑暗和光明 痛苦
3and sweet.和可爱。
4And then what comes with that is a heightened awareness of impermanence in all things, and随之而来的是,人们更加认识到万物中的不持久性,
5also a kind of curiously piercing joy at the beauty of the world, because there's something也是一种好奇的喜悦 对世界的美丽, 因为有东西
6about having this deep awareness that the joy comes with sorrow, the sorrow comes with深知欢乐与悲哀
7joy that makes us really attuned to the insane beauty all around us.快乐让我们真正适应 我们周围疯狂的美丽。
8I think the Stoics come at that from one point of view, there's the Stoic idea of, they would我想斯托伊克人会从一个角度出发 提出他们的想法
9call it memento mori, to remember all the time that we could die tomorrow, we don't把它称为纪念日, 记住所有的时间 我们可能明天死亡,我们不
10know what's going to happen, and that's a way of both calming us down and also making知道会发生什么, 这是一种方法 既使我们平静下来, 也使
11life feel a little more precious.生活感觉更加珍贵
12So the Stoics come at it from that point of view.因此斯托克人从这个角度来研究它.
13I don't know that I think of myself as a Stoic explicitly, but I do feel there's something我不知道我把自己看成一个Stoic人 但我确实觉得有
14about being aware of life's fragility that situates us exactly where we should be.了解生命的脆弱 将我们置于我们该处于的位置
15Why do you think art is a way that we see bittersweetness being expressed really masterfully?为什么你认为艺术是一种方式,我们看到苦甜的表达是真正熟练的?
16I believe that all humans, that the most fundamental aspect of our humanity is that we all have我相信,所有人类, 我们人类最根本的方面是 我们都拥有
17a kind of longing for a state that I call the perfect and beautiful world, like in The一种渴望的状态 我称之为完美和美丽的世界, 像在The
18Wizard of Oz, it's called somewhere over the rainbow.奥兹的巫师,在彩虹上某个地方叫它
19All religions have their own name for it.所有宗教都有他们自己的名字。
20My favorite is the Sufi name of the Beloved of the Soul, and what creativity really is我最爱的是灵魂之爱的苏菲人的名字 以及真正的创造力
21at the end of the day is an expression of that longing for a more perfect and beautiful终究是渴望更完美更美的
22world.这个世界
23What an artist or a musician is doing is they're having a vision of the gap between the world艺术家或音乐家正在做的是 他们对世界差距的看法
24that we're in and the world that they long to be in and therefore to create.我们和这个世界 他们渴望进入 并因此创造。
25And so whether you're talking about a violin piece or a rocket to Mars, there's really所以无论你说的是小提琴还是火箭到火星
26no difference between those two things.这两件事没有区别。
27Like the word longing itself, the etymology of it literally means to reach for, to grow和渴望自己这个词一样, 它的字面意思是达到,成长
28longer and to reach for.更久 更远
29And that's what we're doing when we're creative.这就是我们创造力的所在。
30And I do want to hasten to say that you don't need to compose a symphony that people are我确实想赶快说,你不需要 创作一个交响曲 人们是
31going to be listening to hundreds of years later.几百年后将开始监听
32You don't have to build the rocket to Mars in order to express that fundamental human你不必制造火箭到火星 来表达人类的根本
33creativity.创造力。
34You could be sitting at home and drawing a picture or baking a pie.你可以坐在家里画画或者烤饼
35It doesn't really matter.这不重要
36Like all these different actions are expressions of our longing and of our better nature.与所有这些不同的行动一样,也表达了我们的愿望和我们更好的性质。
37I believe that the art and the music and the nature and religion and spirituality are all我相信艺术、音乐、自然、宗教和精神
38just different manifestations of the same thing.同一事物的不同表现
39And what that thing is, we probably all have to define for ourselves, but it is the most那东西是什么, 我们也许都得为自己定义, 但这是最
40fundamental drive in all of human nature.根本动力 在所有的人性。
41And I believe our best one, you know, it's the one that leads to creativity, but also我相信我们最好的一个,你知道, 它是引领创造力,但也
42to connection and to love.和爱。
43Like I literally, sorry to go on with this question, but I literally have sitting taped就像我从字面上说,抱歉继续说这个问题, 但我真的坐了下来
44up in front of me in my office right now, a quotation from the poet Jalal al-Din Rumi,在我的办公室前面 诗人贾拉勒·丁·鲁米的引文
45who is a Sufi poet.他是一个苏菲派诗人。
46And I'm going to quote it for you, but I'm just going to set the context of the poem.我将引用它给你, 但我只是要设定 诗的背景。
47It's basically it's about a man who is praying to Allah and a cynical person comes along基本上是关于一个向阿拉祈祷的人 一个愤世嫉俗的人
48and asks him, why are you praying?问他,你为什么祈祷?
49You never got an answer back, did you?你从来没有得到一个答案,是吗?
50So why are you praying?那你为什么祈祷?
51And the man thinks about it and is troubled by the cynic's observation and he falls into男人想着它, 和烦恼 的愤世嫉俗的观察, 他跌入
52a fitful sleep during which he's visited by Hidr, the guide of souls, who says to him,他睡得很安稳 灵魂的引导者Hidr拜访了他
53why did you stop praying?你为什么停止祈祷?
54And he said, well, you know, God never answered me, Allah never answered.他说,嗯,你知道,上帝从来没有回答我,阿拉从来没有回答我。
55And this is what Hidr says to him.这就是Hidr对他说的
56He says, and now I'm quoting from the poem itself, this longing you express is the他说,现在我引用 从诗本身, 这个渴望你的表达是
57return message.返回消息。
58The grief you cry out from draws you toward union.你呼喊的悲伤吸引你走向工会
59Your pure sadness that wants help is the secret cup.你的纯悲哀需要帮助 就是秘密的杯子
60And I have this taped up in my office because I believe that I believe that that's the我办公室里有录音带 因为我相信那是
61truth, whether we consider ourselves atheists or believers or somewhere in between to me真理,无论我们视自己为无神论者或信徒,还是我之间的某处
62as a false dichotomy.以假二义.
63It美'.
64And I mean, can you share a little bit more about the process that went我的意思是,你能多分享一点 有关过程
65into writing this book and how you ultimately found yourself in this place where写这本书 以及你如何最终发现自己在这个地方
66bittersweet was the end product?苦甜是最终产品?
67As most of us do, I come from a heritage of love and loss.就像我们大多数人一样,我来自爱和损失的遗产。
68In my case, most members of my family, the previous generations, were killed in the就我而言,我家族的多数成员 前几代人都死于
69Holocaust on my mother's side and my father's side.我母亲和我父亲的大屠杀
70And I explore in the book the whole phenomenon of inherited grief, both how it我在书中探索了 继承的悲伤现象 以及它是如何发生的
71transmits to us, both culturally and epigenetically.无论是在文化上还是在史诗上,都传达给我们。
72And so I think that that's a kind of unconscious backdrop that had been with me from所以,我认为这是一个无意识的背景 一直与我从
73the beginning of just having a sense of kind of like a tragic view of life, but also a开始有种感觉 就像一个悲惨的人生观,
74view that I kind of just can't believe how beautiful it is sometimes.我无法相信它有多美
75So I'm sort of holding those two things at the same time.所以,我有点 持有这两件事 同时。
76And so I just had all these questions about how to make sense of of this paradox of所以,我只是有这么多问题 关于如何理解这个悖论
77life.活着
78And so I just went off on this five year journey.于是我开始了这五年的旅程。
79I mean, I went and talked to Pete Docter, who is the director at Pixar, who created the我的意思是,我去和皮特・多克特谈了, 他是皮克斯的导演,
80movie Inside Out, which is a movie that's really all about sadness and the positive内置电影 出局,这是一部电影, 真正所有关于悲伤和积极的
81value that sadness has in our lives.珍惜我们生活中的悲伤
82And as I say, I explored all these wisdom traditions, went and talked to neuroscientists,正如我所说,我探索了所有这些智慧传统, 去和神经科学家交谈,
83spent a lot of time with a psychologist named Dacher Keltner, who has done all this和一个叫Dacher Keltner的心理学家一起度过了很长一段时间 他做了这一切
84fascinating, groundbreaking work on what he calls our inner compassionate instinct and令人着迷,开创性的工作 关于他所谓的 我们内心的同情本能和
85how we're basically evolutionarily designed to react to the sadness of other beings.我们是如何在进化过程中 对其他人的悲伤作出反应的
86And like and this comes from the fact that we're creatures who have to take care of our就像,这来自一个事实,我们是生物 谁必须照顾我们
87young, like we don't survive if we don't do that.年轻,就像我们没有生存 如果我们不这样做。
88And so that means that we're primed to to respond to the cries of babies, except it所以这意味着我们准备回应 婴儿的呼喊,除了它
89radiates out from there.辐射从那里。
90We don't only respond to our own baby's tears.我们不只回应自己孩子的眼泪.
91We end up responding to other babies and we also end up responding to other beings in我们最终会回应其他婴儿 我们最终也会回应其他生物
92general.将军
93And we definitely do not get this right because we also, as as Darwin had我们绝对不能正确理解这一点,因为我们同样,就像达尔文一样
94noticed, Darwin said, we have this deep compassionate instinct, but we also have达尔文说,我们有深厚的同情本能 但我们也有
95obviously this propensity to these astonishing acts of cruelty.显然,这种倾向 这些惊人的残酷行为。
96So both of these things are part of us.所以这两种东西都是我们的一部分。
97And and the question becomes, how do we most draw on the compassionate side of our问题是,我们如何从同情心的角度
98deeper instincts?更深的直觉?
99There's a question here from Maryam where they ask just about how we can be present玛丽安有个问题 他们问我们如何出席
100for each other as we're feeling different emotions.我们感受着不同的情感
101The question specifically is, can we be fully present for one another if one is具体地说,如果一个是,我们能否充分出席对方的会议?
102experiencing sadness and the other is happiness?经历悲伤,另一个是幸福?
103Yeah, I think the answer is to be fully present for each other.是的,我想答案是 完全为对方在场。
104And I'll tell you one little hack that I've developed for that.我会告诉你一个我为此开发的小黑客。
105I don't know if hack is the right word, but there there's this amazing video that went我不知道黑客是否是正确的词, 但有一个惊人的视频 去了
106viral a few years ago.几年前的病毒问题
107It was put out by the Cleveland Clinic Hospital and and this was a video that they put这是克利夫兰诊所医院的录像
108together to teach empathy to their caregivers.一起教导他们的照顾者同情心。
109And the way they did this is they had a camera kind of moving through the corridors of他们这样做的方式是 他们有一个摄像头 那种移动穿过走廊
110the hospital, lingering for a moment on the face of this passersby or that passerby,医院,停留片刻 面对这个路人或那个路人,
111just the way you would do in normal life, right?就像你平时那样,对吧?
112You're like walking through and you just see people as you go and you're not really你就像走过,你只是看到人 你走了,你不是真的
113thinking that much about it, except that in the case of this video, they had little想想看,除了这段视频, 他们几乎没有
114captions underneath each random person that you were passing by.每一个你路过的人下面的字幕
115And sometimes the captions were joyful ones, like just learn that he's going to be a有时候这些字幕很快乐,比如说... ...他将会成为...
116father for the first time.父亲第一次。
117But because we're in a hospital, more often the captions are not so joyful.但是,因为我们在医院里, 更多的是标题不是那么快乐。
118And it's things like, you know, a caption under a little girl saying goodbye to her这就像,你知道, 一个小姑娘下面的字幕 跟她道别
119father for the for the last time, things like that.父亲最后一次,类似的事情。
120And like you, you literally you cannot watch this video without tearing up.和你一样,你实际上不能不撕裂就看这个视频。
121It's impossible, which is why it went viral.这是不可能的, 这就是为什么它去病毒。
122You also become aware as you're watching it, you're not only tearing up, you literally你也意识到,当你看它, 你不仅撕裂,你字面上
123are are having the sensation of expanding chest muscles like you can feel it physically胸肌正在膨胀的感觉 就像你身体上的感觉
124and literally.和字面意思一样。
125我们从Dacher Keltner的作品中 了解到我是谁
126talking about, that that we have our vagus nerve, which is the biggest bundle of nerves谈论,我们有我们的阴险的神经, 这是最大的捆神经
127in our body, and it governs our most fundamental instincts like breathing and digestion.它支配着我们最基本的本能 比如呼吸和消化
128You know, it's really basic.你知道,这是非常基本的。
129But your vagus nerve also responds and fires up when it sees somebody else in distress.但你的阴险神经也会反应 当它看到另一个人陷入困境时会起火
130So, you know, this is a very deep and fundamental impulse.所以,你知道,这是一个非常深刻和根本性的冲动。
131And what I take from the the lesson of that Cleveland Clinic video is just the simple我从克利夫兰诊所的录像中吸取的教训很简单
132exercise of imagining what people's captions are as you walk through the world.在你走遍世界时 想象人们的字幕
133You know, you don't necessarily know them.你知道,你不一定知道他们。
134But now I'll go into a grocery store.但现在我要去一家杂货店
135And as the person's ringing up my groceries, I'm thinking, what's her caption?当那个人在敲我的杂货时 我在想 她的字幕是什么?
136You know, what is it?你知道,这是什么?
137And it's a completely different way of interacting with people once you do that.它是一个完全不同的方法 与人互动 一旦你这样做。
138And connected to this, Gordon asks how your experience with the pandemic and lockdown与此相关,戈登问 如何经历大流行和封锁
139informed the writing of the book.告知了这本书的写作。
140Did it change the book from what you initially envisioned it to be?这是否改变了你最初设想的书?
141My father and my brother actually passed away from Covid quite early during the pandemic.我父亲和我哥哥在这场大流行中 早早从科维德去世了
142There was something about grappling with these subjects for years, as I had been doing,多年来我一直在努力研究这些课题
143that actually helped me pass through those particular moments and weather those particular帮助我渡过这些特殊的时刻 渡过这些特殊的时刻
144moments.时刻
145Like, I guess I'll just give you one specific example.我想我会给你一个具体的例子
146So one of the wisdom traditions that I found most illuminating, and I wrote about this所以我觉得最有启发性的智慧传统之一 我写了这个
147in the book, it's the one that Leonard Cohen's song comes from, you know, the idea of light在书中,这是Leonard Cohen的歌曲 来自于,你知道,光的想法
148coming from the crack and everything.从裂缝和一切。
149So he got that from the Kabbalah, which is the mystical side of the Jewish tradition.因此他从卡巴拉那里得到了这个,这是犹太传统神秘的一面.
150And one of the fundamental stories in the Kabbalah is the idea that all of creationKabbalah的基本故事之一 就是所有创造
151originally was one divine vessel of light that ultimately shatter and that now we're最初是一个神圣的光线 最终会粉碎 现在我们
152living in the world after the shattering, but these divine shards of light are still碎裂后活在世上 但是这些神圣的光芒仍然
153scattered all around us and they're buried in the mud all around us.分散在我们周围 他们被埋在我们周围的泥土里
154And so our job is to walk through the world and pick up the shards where we can and maybe所以,我们的工作是走遍世界 和捡起的硬块 我们可以,也许
155shine them up a little bit.给他们点颜色看看
156And the beauty is that I'm going to see one set of shards, but you're going to notice美丽的是,我会看到 一组硬盘,但你会注意到
157completely different ones.完全不同的东西
158So we all go around and pick up our own.所以我们都绕过去 自己去捡
159When my father passed away from COVID, like I started reflecting on his life and my当我父亲从COVID去世的时候 就像我开始思考他的生活和我的
160father is a person who he was a doctor and a med school professor and he worked really,父亲是个医生和医学院教授 他真的工作过
161really hard and did great work.真的很辛苦,做了伟大的工作。
162And at the same time that he did all that, he also he would perform these, you could在他做这一切的同时 他也会表演这些,你可以
163call them senseless acts of beauty, maybe he loved orchids.也许他喜欢兰花
164So he built a greenhouse full of orchids in our basement.所以他在我们的地下室 建造了一座充满兰花的温室
165For really no reason other than that, he loved orchids and so he grew them and gazed at他喜欢兰花 所以他种了兰花
166them.他们。
167And he loved the French language.他喜欢法语
168So he learned how to speak French, even though he had no time to visit France and rarely所以他学会了说法语,尽管他没有时间访问法国,很少
169did.没错
170But he would sit there and learn it and loved the act of learning it.但他会坐在那里学习它,并喜欢学习它的行为.
171And there there were so many different things like this that he did.他做了很多不同的事情。
172And and when he died, I started thinking about all those acts of beauty that he had当他死后,我开始思考 他所有的美丽行为
173formed in his work and in these seemingly senseless acts of beauty.形成于他的作品 和这些看似毫无意义的美丽行为。
174And I and I framed them all as as shards that he had been picking up all his life.我和他们都是他毕生所学的硬汉
175And that was, yeah, that was a really helpful way of thinking of him and remembering这是,是的,这是一个真正的帮助 思考他和记住
176him and bringing me to some form of peace with his loss.带着他的损失带给我某种形式的和平
177As we slowly come out of the pandemic, how can we better normalize talking about loss当我们慢慢走出大流行时,我们如何更好地正常地谈论损失
178and talking about these feelings that you've you've mentioned our culture sort of并谈论这些感觉 你提到我们的文化 那种
179shies away from?离我远点?
180Well, I think it's really helpful to start in our organizations.我觉得从我们的组织开始是很有帮助的
181I mean, we can obviously start privately, which in some ways is the easiest because我的意思是,我们显然可以 私下开始, 在某些方面是最简单的,因为
182we don't have to crawl anybody else to do it.我们不用爬别人来做
183But in our organizations, there are small steps that we can take.但是,在我们的组织中,我们可以采取一些小步骤。
184So I'm thinking, for example, I I do a lot of public speaking and lately Zoom所以我想,比如,我做很多 公开演讲,最近Zoom
185talks where I come in and talk about introversion and I guess now bittersweetness.谈论我进来的地方 谈论内向 我想现在苦甜。
186But but anyway, I did one not that long ago.但总之,我不久前做了一次
187It was a Zoom call and we were talking about the power of introverts and the call那是个Zoom的电话 我们谈论的是内向者的力量和电话
188started with a chat just the way this one did.开始和他一样聊天
189And the organizer asked them questions like, how is everybody feeling today?组织者问他们问题 比如,大家今天感觉如何?
190And everybody typed in, you know, I'm feeling great, I'm feeling excited, I'm每个人都打入,你知道, 我感觉很好, 我感到兴奋,我
191feeling joyful, feeling all these things.感觉很快乐,感觉这些东西。
192And I love it if they were in fact feeling that way.我喜欢他们那样的感觉
193That's awesome.这是真棒。
194And I also ask, what is the chance that everybody truly was feeling我也问,什么是机会 每个人都真正感到
195that way?那边?
196Like this long list of people coming into the chat, what's the chance喜欢这长列表 人来聊天, 什么是机会
197that was accurate?准确吗?
198Maybe zero percent.也许百分之零。
199I would love to see us develop ways.我很想看到我们发展方式。
200And maybe the way to start is with anonymous chats or an option to be anonymous也许开始的方法就是匿名聊天 或者匿名的选择
201in chats, but for for organizers and for team leaders and so on to be asking, what但对于组织者、团队领导等等来说
202are you all truly feeling?你们真的有感觉吗?
203What are you going through right now?你现在要经历什么?
204And again, maybe anonymous and maybe not.再说一遍,也许匿名,也许不是
205When we're gathering in person, we could have whiteboards up in schools.等我们亲自聚在一起的时候 学校可以放白板
206They sometimes do this and they call it a parking lot where people could just write他们有时这样做 他们称它是一个停车场 人们可以只是写
207down what they're going through that day, the joys and the sorrows so that people在他们经历的那一天, 欢乐和悲哀,
208start becoming aware of kind of like the normality of what actual experience is.开始意识到那种 像正常 什么样的实际经验。
209We as a society need to figure out how we can start telling the truth of what it's我们作为一个社会需要 找出如何开始说出真相
210like to be alive.喜欢活着。
211That's what I would say.我会这么说的
212I mean, that's actually it's the reason I write books.这正是我写书的原因
213That's how I always think of it.我总是这么想
214It's like there's really no point other than telling a truth that isn't otherwise这就像真的没有什么意义 除了说一个真理,不是其他的
215being spoken out loud.被大声说出来。
216And and there's also an incredible safety in numbers, you know, once lots of people数字也有惊人的安全性, 你知道,曾经很多人
217start talking about the same thing, it suddenly becomes OK to tell that particular开始谈论同样的事情, 它突然变得OK 告诉这个特定
218truth of what it's like to be alive.真实如来如是众生.
219So we have to just find ways of of telling it and then more and more people will share所以我们得想办法说出来 然后会有更多人分享
220it. And then more and more people will share it.这个 然后,越来越多的人会分享它。
221And then more and more people will share it.然后,越来越多的人会分享它。
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