TED演讲：原生家庭对你的影响能有多大？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:17 | But first of all, I'm going to ask you a couple of questions. | 但首先我要问你几个问题 |
| 0:20 | How many people here have children? | 这里有多少人有孩子? |
| 0:23 | And how many of you are confident | 你们有多少人是自信的, |
| 0:25 | that you know how to bring up your children in exactly the right way? | 你知道如何用正确的方式抚养你的孩子吗? |
| 0:32 | OK, I don't see too many hands going up on that second one. | 好吧,我没有看到太多的手 在第二。 |
| 0:35 | And that's my confession, too. | 这是我的忏悔,太。 |
| 0:36 | I've got three boys. | 我有三个男孩 |
| 0:37 | They're three, nine and 12. | 他们3,9和12。 |
| 0:40 | And like you, and like most parents, | 和你一样 像大多数父母一样 |
| 0:41 | the honest truth is I have pretty much no idea what I'm doing. | 老实说 我几乎不知道自己在做什么 |
展开字幕全文（254 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | But first of all, I'm going to ask you a couple of questions. | 但首先我要问你几个问题 |
| 2 | How many people here have children? | 这里有多少人有孩子? |
| 3 | And how many of you are confident | 你们有多少人是自信的, |
| 4 | that you know how to bring up your children in exactly the right way? | 你知道如何用正确的方式抚养你的孩子吗? |
| 5 | OK, I don't see too many hands going up on that second one. | 好吧,我没有看到太多的手 在第二。 |
| 6 | And that's my confession, too. | 这是我的忏悔,太。 |
| 7 | I've got three boys. | 我有三个男孩 |
| 8 | They're three, nine and 12. | 他们3,9和12。 |
| 9 | And like you, and like most parents, | 和你一样 像大多数父母一样 |
| 10 | the honest truth is I have pretty much no idea what I'm doing. | 老实说 我几乎不知道自己在做什么 |
| 11 | I know I want them to be happy and healthy in their lives, | 我知道我希望他们过上幸福健康的生活, |
| 12 | but I don't really know what I'm supposed to do | 但我真的不知道该怎么办 |
| 13 | to make sure that they are happy and healthy. | 确保他们幸福健康。 |
| 14 | There are so many books out there offering all kinds of conflicting advice, | 外面有很多书 提供各种相互矛盾的建议 |
| 15 | it can be really overwhelming. | 它可能真的压倒一切。 |
| 16 | So I've spent most of their lives just making it up as I go along. | 所以我花了他们的大部分时间 来弥补这一切 |
| 17 | However, something changed for me a few years ago | 不过,几年前我变了 |
| 18 | when I came across a little secret that we have in Britain. | 当我遇到一个小秘密 我们英国有。 |
| 19 | It's helped me become more confident about how I bring up my own children, | 这帮助我更加自信 我如何抚养自己的孩子, |
| 20 | and it's revealed a lot about how we as a society can help all children. | 它揭示了很多关于我们作为一个社会 如何帮助所有的儿童。 |
| 21 | I want to share that secret with you today. | 我今天想跟你分享这个秘密 |
| 22 | For the last 70 years, | 过去70年 |
| 23 | scientists in Britain have been following thousands and thousands of children | 英国的科学家们 一直在跟踪成千上万的儿童 |
| 24 | through their lives as part of an incredible scientific study. | 作为不可思议的科学研究的一部分 |
| 25 | There's nothing quite like it anywhere else in the world. | 世界上没有比这更像的东西了 |
| 26 | Collecting information on thousands of children | 收集有关数千名儿童的资料 |
| 27 | is a really powerful thing to do, | 这是一种非常强大的事情做, |
| 28 | because it means we can compare the ones who, say, do well at school | 因为它意味着我们可以比较 那些,说,在学校做得很好的人 |
| 29 | or end up happy or healthy or wealthy as adults | 或最终快乐或健康 或富有的成年人 |
| 30 | and the ones who struggle much more. | 和那些更挣扎的人。 |
| 31 | And then we can sift through all the information we've collected | 然后我们就可以筛选出我们收集的所有信息 |
| 32 | and try to work out why their lives turned out different. | 试着找出他们的生活为何不同 |
| 33 | This British study, it's actually a kind of crazy story. | 这个英国的研究,其实是一个疯狂的故事. |
| 34 | So it all starts back in 1946, | 所以从1946年开始 |
| 35 | just a few months after the end of the war, | 战争结束几个月后 |
| 36 | when scientists wanted to know what it was like | 当科学家想知道是什么样子 |
| 37 | for a woman to have a baby at the time. | 给一个女人生个孩子的时候。 |
| 38 | They carried out this huge survey of mothers | 他们对母亲进行了大规模的调查 |
| 39 | and ended up recording the birth of nearly every baby | 最后记录了几乎所有婴儿的出生 |
| 40 | born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week. | 一周后出生于英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士. |
| 41 | That was nearly 14,000 babies. | 那是近14,000个婴儿。 |
| 42 | The questions they asked these women back then | 当时他们问过这些女人的问题 |
| 43 | are very different than the ones we might ask today. | 和我们今天可能问的完全不同 |
| 44 | They sound really old-fashioned now. | 现在听起来很老套了 |
| 45 | They ask them things like, | 他们问他们,比如, |
| 46 | during pregnancy, | 怀孕期间; |
| 47 | did you get your full extra ration of a pint of milk a day? | 你每天得到一品脱牛奶的全份配给吗? |
| 48 | How much did you spend on smocks, corsets, | 你花多少钱在烟雾,胸围, |
| 49 | night dresses, knickers and brassieres? | 晚礼服,内裤和胸罩? |
| 50 | And this is my favorite one. | 这是我最喜欢的 |
| 51 | Who looked after your husband while you were in bed with this baby? | 你和这个孩子上床时 谁照顾你丈夫的? |
| 52 | Now, this wartime study actually ended up being so successful | 现在,这场战时研究 最终取得了如此成功 |
| 53 | that scientists did it again. | 科学家再次这样做。 |
| 54 | They recorded the births of thousands of babies born in 1958 | 据记录,1958年出生的婴儿数以千计 |
| 55 | and thousands more in 1970. | 1970年还有数千人 |
| 56 | They did it again in the early 1990s | 在1990年代初他们又做了一次 |
| 57 | and again at the turn of the millennium. | 而在千年之交,我们又再次认识到这一点。 |
| 58 | Altogether, more than 70,000 children have been enrolled in these studies | 共有70 000多名儿童参加了这些学习 |
| 59 | across those five generations. | 这五代人 |
| 60 | They're called the British birth cohorts. | 他们被称为英国出生组群。 |
| 61 | And scientists have gone back and recorded more information | 科学家们回去记录了更多的信息 |
| 62 | on all of these people every few years ever since. | 从那时起,每隔几年对所有这些人进行调查。 |
| 63 | The amount of information that's now been collected on these people | 现在收集到的关于这些人的资料数量 |
| 64 | is just completely mind-boggling. | 简直是一团糟 |
| 65 | It includes thousands of paper questionnaires | 它包括数千份纸质调查表 |
| 66 | and terabytes worth of computer data. | 和几兆字节的计算机数据 |
| 67 | Scientists have also built up a huge bank of tissue samples, | 科学家们还建立了庞大的组织样本库 |
| 68 | which includes locks of hair, nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA. | 包括头发锁 指甲剪接 婴儿牙齿和DNA |
| 69 | They've even collected 9,000-plus centers from some of the births, | 他们甚至收集了9000多个中心 从一些出生, |
| 70 | which are now pickled in plastic buckets in a secure storage warehouse. | 它们现在用塑料桶在安全的仓库里腌制。 |
| 71 | This whole project has become unique, | 整个工程变得独一无二 |
| 72 | so no other country in the world | 所以世界上没有别的国家 |
| 73 | is tracking generations of children in quite this detail. | 正在非常详细地追踪几代儿童。 |
| 74 | These are some of the best-studied people on the planet. | 这些是地球上最有研究的人。 |
| 75 | And the data has become incredibly valuable for scientists, | 这些数据对科学家来说变得非常宝贵 |
| 76 | generating well over 6,000 academic papers and books. | 产生6000多篇学术论文和书籍。 |
| 77 | But today, I want to focus on just one finding, | 但今天,我想专注于一个发现, |
| 78 | perhaps the most important discovery to come from this remarkable study. | 也许最重要的发现 来自这一杰出的研究。 |
| 79 | And it's also the one that spoke to me personally, | 也是那个亲自跟我说话的人 |
| 80 | because it's about how to use science to do the best for our children. | 因为这是如何利用科学 为我们的孩子做最好的。 |
| 81 | So let's get the bad news out of the way first. | 故先举恶报. |
| 82 | Perhaps the biggest message from this remarkable study is this. | 也许这个研究的最大信息就是这个。 |
| 83 | Don't be born into poverty or into disadvantage, | 不要天生陷入贫困或劣势 |
| 84 | because if you are, | 因为如果你是, |
| 85 | you're far more likely to walk a difficult path in life. | 你更可能走一条艰难的道路 在生活中。 |
| 86 | Many children in this study were born into poor families | 本研究中的许多儿童出生于贫困家庭 |
| 87 | or into working-class families | 或进入工人阶级家庭 |
| 88 | that had cramped homes or other problems, | 家境狭窄或其他问题, |
| 89 | and it's clear now that those disadvantaged children | 很明显,那些弱势儿童 |
| 90 | have been more likely to struggle on almost every score. | 在几乎每一分上都更可能挣扎 |
| 91 | They've been more likely to do worse at school, | 他们在学校更会做坏事 |
| 92 | to land up with worse jobs and to earn less money. | 找到更糟糕的工作 赚的钱更少 |
| 93 | Now, maybe that sounds really obvious, | 也许这听起来很明显 |
| 94 | but some of the results have been really surprising. | 但有些结果确实令人惊讶。 |
| 95 | So children who had a tough start in life | 所以,孩子们 谁有一个艰难的开始生活 |
| 96 | are also more likely to end up unhealthy as adults. | 也更可能因为成人而导致不健康。 |
| 97 | They're more likely to be overweight, to have high blood pressure, | 他们更有可能超重,有高血压, |
| 98 | and then decades down the line, | 几十年后, |
| 99 | more likely to have a failing memory, poor health | 更可能记忆力衰竭 健康状况不佳 |
| 100 | and even to die earlier. | 甚至早点死掉 |
| 101 | Now, I talked about what happens later, | 现在,我谈了以后会发生什么, |
| 102 | but some of these differences emerge at a really shockingly early age. | 但这些差异中有些是在非常令人震惊的幼年时期出现的。 |
| 103 | In one study, | 在一个研究中, |
| 104 | children who were growing up in poverty | 贫困儿童 |
| 105 | were almost a year behind the richer children on educational tests, | 在教育测试方面落后了一年 |
| 106 | and that was by the age of just three. | 那时只有三岁 |
| 107 | These types of differences have been found again and again | 这些类型的差异一再被发现 |
| 108 | across the generations. | 世代相传。 |
| 109 | It means that our early circumstances have a profound influence | 这意味着我们的早期环境 有着深远的影响 |
| 110 | on the way that the rest of our lives play out, | 我们的余生在其中度过, |
| 111 | and working out why that is | 并找出为什么 |
| 112 | is one of the most difficult questions that we face today. | 这是我们今天面临的最困难的问题之一。 |
| 113 | So there we have it. | 所以,我们得到了它。 |
| 114 | The first lesson for successful life, everyone, is this. | 人生成功的第一课,每个人都是这样。 |
| 115 | Choose your parents very carefully. | 仔细选择你的父母 |
| 116 | Don't be born into a poor family or into a struggling family. | 不生于贫家或苦家. |
| 117 | Now, I'm sure you can see the small problem here. | 现在,我敢肯定,你可以看到 小问题在这里。 |
| 118 | We can't choose our parents or how much they earn. | 我们不能选择我们的父母 或者他们挣多少钱。 |
| 119 | But this British study has also struck a real note of optimism | 但这次英国的研究 也让人真正感到乐观 |
| 120 | by showing that not everyone who has a disadvantaged start | 并不是每个开始不利的人 |
| 121 | ends up in difficult circumstances. | 最终陷入困境. |
| 122 | As you know, many people have a tough start in life, | 你知道,很多人有一个艰难的开始, |
| 123 | but they end up doing very well on some measure nevertheless, | 但他们最终还是做了很多好事 |
| 124 | and this study starts to explain how. | 这项研究开始解释如何进行。 |
| 125 | So the second lesson is this. | 第二课就是这个 |
| 126 | Parents really matter. | 父母确实很重要。 |
| 127 | In this study, children who had engaged, interested parents, | 在这项研究中,已经订婚、有兴趣的父母、 |
| 128 | ones who had ambition for their future, | 他们对未来有抱负, |
| 129 | were more likely to escape from a difficult start. | 更可能从一个艰难的开始逃脱。 |
| 130 | It seems that parents and what they do are really, really important, | 看来父母和他们做的事情 真的很重要 |
| 131 | especially in the first few years of life. | 特别是在生命的头几年里 |
| 132 | Let me give you an example of that. | 让我举一个例子。 |
| 133 | In one study, | 在一个研究中, |
| 134 | scientists looked at about 17,000 children who were born in 1970. | 科学家们研究了1970年出生的大约17,000个孩子. |
| 135 | They sifted all the mountains of data that they had collected | 他们筛选了他们收集的所有数据 |
| 136 | to try to work out what allowed the children | 试着想出让孩子们 |
| 137 | who'd had a difficult start in life to go on and do well at school nevertheless. | 他有一个艰难的开始 继续前进,在学校做得很好。 |
| 138 | In other words, which ones beat the odds. | 换句话说,哪一个胜过几率。 |
| 139 | The data showed that what mattered more than anything else was parents. | 数据显示,最重要的是父母。 |
| 140 | Having engaged, interested parents in those first few years of life | 在人生的最初几年里 与父母有关系 |
| 141 | was strongly linked to children going on to do well at school later on. | 之后,他们与在学校表现良好的儿童有着密切的联系。 |
| 142 | In fact, quite small things that parents do | 事实上,父母做的小事 |
| 143 | are associated with good outcomes for children. | 与有利于儿童的好结果有关。 |
| 144 | Talking and listening to a child, | 说话和倾听一个孩子, |
| 145 | responding to them warmly, | 对他们表示热烈的回应, |
| 146 | teaching them their letters and numbers, | 教化他们自己的字母和数字, |
| 147 | taking them on trips and visits. | 带他们去旅行和探访 |
| 148 | Reading to children every day seems to be really important, too. | 每天给孩子们看书也是很重要的 |
| 149 | So in one study, | 所以在一个研究中 |
| 150 | children whose parents were reading to them daily when they were five | 5岁时父母每天给他们看书的孩子 |
| 151 | and then showing an interest in their education at the age of 10 | 10岁时对其教育表现出兴趣 |
| 152 | were significantly less likely to be in poverty at the age of 30 | 30岁时贫困的可能性要小得多 |
| 153 | than those whose parents weren't doing those things. | 而不是那些父母不这样做的人 |
| 154 | Now, there are huge challenges with interpreting this type of science. | 现在,解释这种科学有巨大的挑战。 |
| 155 | These studies show that certain things that parents do | 这些研究表明 某些事情 父母做 |
| 156 | are correlated with good outcomes for children, | 与有利于儿童的好结果相关, |
| 157 | but we don't necessarily know that those behaviors caused the good outcomes | 但我们不一定知道那些行为导致了好的结果 |
| 158 | or whether some other factor was getting in the way. | 或者其他因素是否妨碍我们 |
| 159 | For example, we have to take genes into account, | 例如,我们必须考虑基因, |
| 160 | and that's a whole other talk in itself. | 这完全是另一个话题本身。 |
| 161 | But scientists working with this British study | 但科学家在英国的研究中工作 |
| 162 | are working really hard to get at causes, | 付出了很大努力去争取事业 |
| 163 | and this is one study I particularly love. | 我特别喜欢这个研究 |
| 164 | In this one, they looked at the bedtime routines | 在这张里,他们看 睡觉时的例行公事 |
| 165 | of about 10,000 children born at the turn of the millennium. | 在千年之交出生的大约10 000名儿童中。 |
| 166 | Were the children going to bed at regular times, | 如果孩子们在正常时间睡觉, |
| 167 | or did they go to bed at different times during the week? | 还是他们星期不同时间上床睡觉? |
| 168 | The data showed that those children who were going to bed at different times | 数据显示,那些在不同时间睡觉的儿童 |
| 169 | were more likely to have behavioral problems, | 更有可能有行为问题, |
| 170 | and then those that switched to having regular bedtimes | 然后那些转去睡觉的人 |
| 171 | often showed an improvement in behavior, | 经常表现出行为上的改善, |
| 172 | and that was really crucial because it suggested it was the bedtime routines | 这真的很重要,因为它表明 这是睡觉时间的例行公事 |
| 173 | that were really helping things get better for those kids. | 那真的帮助 事情改善这些孩子。 |
| 174 | Here's another one to think about. | 复有一念处. |
| 175 | In this one, scientists looked at children who were reading for pleasure. | 在这部作品中,科学家们观察着那些为取悦而读书的儿童. |
| 176 | That means that they picked up a magazine, a picture book, a storybook. | 这意味着他们拿起一本杂志,一本图片书,一本故事书. |
| 177 | The data showed that children who were reading for pleasure | 数据显示,正在读书取乐的儿童 |
| 178 | at the ages of five and 10 | 五岁和十岁 |
| 179 | were more likely to go on and score better on average on school tests | 更可能继续 在学校测试中平均得分更好 |
| 180 | later in their lives. | 以后他们的生活。 |
| 181 | And not just tests of reading, | 不只是测试阅读, |
| 182 | but tests of spelling and maths as well. | 但是,测试 拼写和数学。 |
| 183 | This study really tried to control for all the confounding factors, | 这项研究确实试图控制所有令人困惑的因素, |
| 184 | so it looked at children who were equally intelligent | 看着同样聪明的孩子 |
| 185 | and came from the same social class background. | 并且来自同一个社会阶层背景。 |
| 186 | So it seemed as if it was the reading | 所以,它看起来像是读 |
| 187 | which really helped those children | 真正帮助了孩子们 |
| 188 | go on and score better on those school tests later in their lives. | 继续学习 以后的学校考试成绩更好 |
| 189 | Now, at the start, I said the first lesson from this study | 一开始,我讲了这个研究的第一课 |
| 190 | was not to be born into poverty or into disadvantage, | 不应生于贫穷或处于不利地位, |
| 191 | because those children tend to follow more difficult paths in their lives. | 因为这些孩子在生活中往往走更艰难的道路。 |
| 192 | But then I said that parenting matters, | 但后来我说 养育子女很重要 |
| 193 | and that good parenting, if you can call it that, | 如果你能这么说的话 |
| 194 | helps children beat the odds | 帮助孩子们战胜困境 |
| 195 | and overcome some of those early disadvantages. | 克服一些早期的缺点。 |
| 196 | So, wait. | ┮ 单 |
| 197 | Does that actually mean, then, that poverty doesn't matter after all? | 这是否意味着 贫穷毕竟不重要? |
| 198 | You could argue it doesn't matter if a child is born poor. | 你可以说,如果孩子生来就穷,这不重要。 |
| 199 | As long as their parents are good parents, they're going to do just fine. | 只要父母是好父母,他们就会做得很好. |
| 200 | I don't believe that's true. | 我不相信这是真的。 |
| 201 | This study shows that poverty and parenting matter. | 这项研究表明,贫穷和养育子女很重要。 |
| 202 | And one study actually put figures on that, | 一项研究实际上给出了数字, |
| 203 | so it looked at children who were growing up in persistent poverty | 因此,它审视了在长期贫困中长大的儿童。 |
| 204 | and how well they were doing at school. | 他们在学校的表现如何 |
| 205 | The data showed that even when their parents were doing everything right, | 数据显示,即使他们的父母做的一切正确, |
| 206 | they were putting them to bed on time and reading to them every day | 他们每天按时睡觉 给他们看书 |
| 207 | and everything else, that only got those children so far. | 而其他的, 那只得到了那些孩子到目前为止。 |
| 208 | Good parenting only reduced the educational gap | 良好的养育方式只会缩小教育差距 |
| 209 | between the rich and poor children by about 50 percent. | 富人和贫穷儿童之间大约50%。 |
| 210 | Now, that means that poverty leaves a really lasting scar. | 这意味着贫困留下了一个非常持久的伤疤。 |
| 211 | And it means that if we really want to ensure | 这意味着如果我们真的想确保 |
| 212 | the success and well-being of the next generation, | 后代的成功和福祉, |
| 213 | then tackling child poverty is an incredibly important thing to do. | 因此,解决儿童贫困问题是一项极为重要的工作。 |
| 214 | Now, what does all this mean for you and me? | 现在,这一切对你和我意味着什么? |
| 215 | Are there lessons here we can all take home and use? | 这里有教训吗? |
| 216 | I mean, as a scientist and a journalist, | 我的意思是,作为一个科学家和记者, |
| 217 | I like to have some science to inform my parenting. | 我喜欢一些科学 通知我的育儿。 |
| 218 | And I can tell you that when you're shouting at your kids to go to bed on time, | 我可以告诉你 当你喊着要孩子准时上床时 |
| 219 | it really helps to have the scientific literature on your side. | 它真的帮助 有科学文献 在你一边。 |
| 220 | And wouldn't it be great to think that all we had to do | 想想我们所做的一切 是不是太好了 |
| 221 | to have happy, successful children | 有快乐,成功的孩子 |
| 222 | was to talk to them and be interested in their future, | 和他们谈谈 并对他们的未来感兴趣, |
| 223 | put them to bed on time and give them a book to read? | 让他们准时上床 给他们读一本书? |
| 224 | Our job would be done. | 我们的工作会完成的 |
| 225 | Now, as you can imagine, the answers aren't quite as simple as that. | 你可以想象,答案没那么简单。 |
| 226 | For one thing, this study looks at what happens | 有一件事,这个研究 研究会发生什么 |
| 227 | to thousands and thousands of children on average. | 平均有上千个孩子 |
| 228 | But that doesn't necessarily say what will help my child or your child | 但是这不一定能说明什么能帮助我的孩子或你的孩子 |
| 229 | or any individual child. | 或任何个别儿童。 |
| 230 | In the end, each of our children is going to walk their own path. | 最后,我们每个孩子都会走自己的路。 |
| 231 | And that's partly defined by the genes they inherit | 这部分是由他们继承的基因定义的 |
| 232 | and, of course, all the experiences they have through their lives, | 当然,他们一生的所有经历, |
| 233 | including their interactions with us, their parents. | 包括他们与我们,他们父母的互动。 |
| 234 | I will tell you what I did after I learned all this. | 我会告诉你我学到这些之后做了什么 |
| 235 | It's a bit embarrassing. | 有点尴尬 |
| 236 | I realized I was so busy working | 我意识到我很忙 |
| 237 | and, ironically, learning and writing | 讽刺的是,学习和写作 |
| 238 | about this incredible study of British children | 关于这个不可思议的研究 英国儿童 |
| 239 | that there were days when I hardly even spoke to my own British children. | 有些时候,我几乎不跟我自己的英国孩子说话 |
| 240 | So at home, we introduced talking time, | 所以在家里,我们介绍谈话时间, |
| 241 | which is just 15 minutes at the end of the day | 才15分钟就到了 |
| 242 | when we talk and listen to the boys. | 当我们说话和听孩子们。 |
| 243 | I try better now to ask them what they did today | 我现在更想问问他们今天做了什么 |
| 244 | and to show that I value what they do at school. | 证明我重视他们在学校的工作 |
| 245 | Of course, I make sure they always have a book to read. | 当然,我保证他们总是有一本书要读。 |
| 246 | I tell them that I'm ambitious for their future | 我告诉他们,我对他们的未来是雄心勃勃的 |
| 247 | and I think they can be happy and do great things. | 我认为他们可以快乐 做伟大的事 |
| 248 | I don't know that any of that will make a difference, | 我不知道这些会有什么影响, |
| 249 | but I'm pretty confident it won't do them any harm | 但我很有信心不会伤害他们 |
| 250 | and it might even do them some good. | 可能会对他们有好处 |
| 251 | Ultimately, if we want happy children, | 归根结底,如果我们想要快乐的孩子, |
| 252 | all we can do is listen to the science | 我们只能听科学的 |
| 253 | and, of course, listen to our children themselves. | 当然,也倾听我们的孩子自己的声音。 |
| 254 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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