TED演讲：一个基于区块链的创作者互联网
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:05 | Power is shifting. | 权力正在转移。 |
| 0:08 | History has taught us that technology will take power from the establishment | 历史告诉我们 科技会从企业手中夺权 |
| 0:14 | and give it to individuals, give it to people. | 并给个人,给人。 |
| 0:17 | This has been true since before the advent of the printing press, long before. | 早在印刷厂出现之前,情况就已如此。 |
| 0:22 | But the path is not a straight line. | 但道路不是一条直线。 |
| 0:24 | There are always bumps and detours along the way, | 沿途总是有弯曲的 |
| 0:27 | and the internet is no exception. | 互联网也不例外。 |
| 0:30 | The original promise of the internet | 互联网最初的承诺 |
| 0:32 | was to push power down into the hands of people, | 将权力推向人手中, |
| 0:36 | into all of us. | 进入我们所有人。 |
展开字幕全文（252 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Power is shifting. | 权力正在转移。 |
| 2 | History has taught us that technology will take power from the establishment | 历史告诉我们 科技会从企业手中夺权 |
| 3 | and give it to individuals, give it to people. | 并给个人,给人。 |
| 4 | This has been true since before the advent of the printing press, long before. | 早在印刷厂出现之前,情况就已如此。 |
| 5 | But the path is not a straight line. | 但道路不是一条直线。 |
| 6 | There are always bumps and detours along the way, | 沿途总是有弯曲的 |
| 7 | and the internet is no exception. | 互联网也不例外。 |
| 8 | The original promise of the internet | 互联网最初的承诺 |
| 9 | was to push power down into the hands of people, | 将权力推向人手中, |
| 10 | into all of us. | 进入我们所有人。 |
| 11 | And it has. | 它已经。 |
| 12 | It has weakened yesterday's gatekeepers. | 它削弱了昨天的守门员。 |
| 13 | Music labels, news publications, TV networks, | 音乐标签、新闻出版物、电视网、 |
| 14 | they've all lost much of their power and prestige. | 他们都失去了大部分的力量和威望。 |
| 15 | But at the same time, the internet has created a new establishment. | 但与此同时,互联网也创造了一个新的机构。 |
| 16 | It's pushed power into the broadest of platforms, like Instagram. | 它将动力推向最宽的平台,如Instagram. |
| 17 | This was unexpected. | 这是意外的。 |
| 18 | But I believe that over the broad arc of history, | 但我相信在广阔的历史弧度, |
| 19 | that this unexpected outcome, | 这个意外的结果, |
| 20 | this concentration of power in the hands of a handful of platforms, | 这种权力集中在少数平台手中, |
| 21 | is not going to be a long-lasting trend. | 它不会是一个长期的趋势。 |
| 22 | Over the next 10 years, | 在接下来的十年里, |
| 23 | we're going to see a dramatic shift in power | 我们将看到权力的戏剧性转变 |
| 24 | away from platforms like the one that my team and I are responsible for, | 远离平台 就像一个我和我的团队 负责, |
| 25 | and to a group of people I like to describe as creators. | 和一群人 我喜欢描述为创造者。 |
| 26 | Let's define a creator as someone whose personality is their brand, | 让我们定义一个创造者 一个个性是他们的品牌, |
| 27 | and who uses platforms like Instagram to turn their passion into a living. | 利用Instagram这样的平台 把他们的激情变成生活 |
| 28 | Creators like Blair Armani and D-Nice and Benny Drama. | 像布莱尔·阿玛尼和D -尼斯和班尼·戏剧的创造者 |
| 29 | They generate new ideas, push boundaries, drive culture. | 它们产生新的思想,推动界限,驱动文化. |
| 30 | We follow them just to see what they'll do next. | 我们跟着他们看看他们下一步会做什么 |
| 31 | What if we imagine a world | 如果我们想象一个世界 |
| 32 | where creators actually owned their relationship with their audience? | 创造者与观众的关系在哪里? |
| 33 | They didn't rent it, they owned it. | 他们没有租,他们拥有它。 |
| 34 | And where all of us were invested in their success, | 我们所有的人都投入到他们的成功中 |
| 35 | a world where the platforms acted more like platforms, | 一个平台更像平台的世界, |
| 36 | because we can and should do more to support creators. | 因为我们可以而且应该做更多的工作来支持创造者。 |
| 37 | It's been maybe 50 years since the birth of the internet, | 网络诞生大概已经50年了 |
| 38 | and we can all see how much it has affected almost every industry, | 我们都可以看到,它已经 影响几乎每一个行业, |
| 39 | particularly the attention-based industries. | 特别是关注型工业。 |
| 40 | Music, news, TV, art, they've all been disrupted. | 音乐,新闻,电视,艺术,他们都被打乱了. |
| 41 | Musicians like Childish Gambino and Frank Ocean | 像童话甘比诺和弗兰克·西洋这样的音乐家 |
| 42 | 和Rapper, | |
| 43 | they found ways to reach an audience without a label. | 他们找到没有标签的观众。 |
| 44 | When Jessica Yellen was the chief White House correspondent for CNN | 杰西卡·耶伦是美国有线电视新闻网首席白宫记者 |
| 45 | back in 2012, | 在2012年时 |
| 46 | that network averaged about 670,000 viewers. | 平均有67万观众 |
| 47 | Today, she reaches nearly that many people on Instagram alone. | 今天,她只接触了Instagram上几乎这么多人。 |
| 48 | Star athletes are more relevant than the teams that they play for, | 明星运动员比他们为球队效力的更重要 |
| 49 | which would have been unheard of 50 years ago. | 这是50年前的事了 |
| 50 | LeBron James has more followers on Instagram than the Lakers do. | 莱布朗·詹姆斯在Instagram上的追随者比湖人多. |
| 51 | Cristiano Ronaldo makes more on Instagram, it's been reported, | 克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多在Instagram上做了更多报道 |
| 52 | than he did from Juventus. | 比他从尤文图斯。 |
| 53 | OK, so I and my team, we work at the point where creators and audiences meet. | 好吧,所以我和我的团队, 我们在创作者和观众见面的地方工作。 |
| 54 | And platforms like Instagram have done a lot | 像Instagram这样的平台 已经做了很多 |
| 55 | to empower creators over the last 10 years. | 在过去十年中赋予创造者权力。 |
| 56 | My team is obsessed with finding more ways to support creators. | 我的团队沉迷于寻找更多支持创造者的方法. |
| 57 | But if we accept that as power continues to shift towards creators, | 但如果我们接受 权力继续转向创造者 |
| 58 | or that that's going to happen because technology will continue to change, | 或者因为技术会继续改变 |
| 59 | then we're going to have to rethink some things. | 然后我们必须重新思考一些事情。 |
| 60 | Because today, creators are too dependent on too few platforms. | 因为今天,创作者太依赖太少的平台. |
| 61 | And our role as platforms has to change. | 我们作为平台的作用必须改变。 |
| 62 | Now, I'm not saying that platforms are going to go away. | 现在,我不是说平台会消失。 |
| 63 | New platforms will certainly rise, old platforms will certainly fall. | 新的平台肯定会上升,旧的平台肯定会倒塌。 |
| 64 | But all platforms will, and you're already seeing this happen, | 但所有的平台都会, 你已经看到这种情况发生, |
| 65 | understand the value that creators create. | 理解创造者创造的价值。 |
| 66 | And so they'll be increasingly interested in handing more power over to creators. | 所以他们会越来越有兴趣把更多的权力交给创造者。 |
| 67 | Now, you might think, or this might be surprising coming from me, | 现在,你可能会认为, 或这可能是令人惊讶的 从我, |
| 68 | but I think this is actually a really good thing. | 但我觉得这其实是件好事 |
| 69 | I think that over the long run, | 我认为从长远来看 |
| 70 | what's best for creators is going to be best for platforms | 对创造者来说最好的是平台 |
| 71 | like the one I'm responsible for. | 就像我负责的那个 |
| 72 | The more art there is, the more there's an exchange of ideas, | 艺术越多 思想交流越多 |
| 73 | the more creativity there is in the world, | 世界上创造力越高 |
| 74 | the better off we all are. | 都比我们好 |
| 75 | But we haven't always seen the world this way. | 但我们并不总是这样看待世界 |
| 76 | For the five years before I joined Instagram, | 在我加入Instagram之前的五年里, |
| 77 | I was the head of newsfeed at Facebook. | 我是脸书新闻社社长 |
| 78 | I was in that role during the US presidential election in 2016. | 2016年美国总统大选期间,我担任过这个角色. |
| 79 | I was in that role during Cambridge Analytica. | 剑桥分析期间我演过这个角色. |
| 80 | I traveled around the world talking to publishers and policymakers, | 我环游世界各地 与出版商和决策者交谈, |
| 81 | most of whom took the time to tell me everything that we were doing wrong. | 大部分人花时间告诉我 我们做错了什么 |
| 82 | I'm sure some of you hold my company and me personally | 我敢肯定,有些人 持有我的公司和我个人 |
| 83 | accountable for all sorts of things. | 对各种事情负责 |
| 84 | But I can tell you, | 但我可以告诉你, |
| 85 | we learned an immense amount from those experiences. | 我们从这些经历中吸取了巨大的教训。 |
| 86 | I know I personally did. | 我个人知道 |
| 87 | There were a lot of lessons. | 有很多教训 |
| 88 | And one of those lessons | 其中一个教训 |
| 89 | was how important stability and predictability were to publishers. | 对出版商来说,稳定性和可预测性是多么重要。 |
| 90 | No publisher can build a business on a platform that's too volatile, | 任何出版商都无法在过于动荡的平台上建立企业, |
| 91 | and no business should be entirely reliant on any one platform. | 任何企业都不应完全依赖任何一个平台。 |
| 92 | The same is true for creators. | 创作者也是如此。 |
| 93 | Today, | 今天,我们... |
| 94 | ooh, | 瓳 |
| 95 | we're on the precipice of an entirely new internet, | 我们处于一个全新的互联网的边缘, |
| 96 | built on fundamentally different technology than the tools of yesterday. | 建立在与昨天的工具完全不同的技术之上。 |
| 97 | New technology is making new ideas possible. | 新技术使新的想法成为可能。 |
| 98 | Cryptocurrencies, social tokens, unfundable tokens, | 密码 社会信物 无法资助的信物 |
| 99 | decentralized autonomous organizations. | 权力下放自治组织。 |
| 100 | That one really rolls off the tongue. | 那一个真的滚下来的舌头。 |
| 101 | Smart contracts. | 智能合约. |
| 102 | These are a group of ideas known in the industry as Web3. | 这些是业界称为Web3的一组想法. |
| 103 | And each and every one is built on a foundation called a blockchain. | 每一个都建在一个叫做块链的地基上. |
| 104 | The important thing to understand about blockchains | 了解区块链的重要性 |
| 105 | is that they remove the need for an intermediary. | 也就是说他们不需要中间人 |
| 106 | What do I mean by that? | 这是什么意思? |
| 107 | Well, each and every one of you, I am sure at some point, | 嗯,你们每一个人, 我确信,在某个时候, |
| 108 | has put money in a bank account. | 把钱放进银行账户了 |
| 109 | And when you did that, | 当你这样做的时候, |
| 110 | you were actually trusting an intermediary, | 你其实信任一个中间人, |
| 111 | in this case a bank, | 在这种情况下,银行, |
| 112 | to take care of that money on your behalf. | 代你处理这笔钱 |
| 113 | A blockchain allows you to hold digital money, | 块链可以让你持有数字货币, |
| 114 | in this case a cryptocurrency, | 在这种情况下,密码货币, |
| 115 | without the need to trust an intermediary or a bank. | 不需要信任中间人或银行 |
| 116 | And so a blockchain offers the potential for a transfer of power. | 因此块链提供了权力转移的潜力。 |
| 117 | What's interesting is not holding digital money. | 有趣的是没有持有数字货币。 |
| 118 | There's nothing new about that idea. | 这个想法没有什么新意. |
| 119 | What is interesting is how power is shifting | 有趣的是权力是如何转移的 |
| 120 | from those who have historically held it | 是从历史上曾持有它的人发出的, |
| 121 | to those who have not. | 给那些没有。 |
| 122 | There's an opportunity here. | 这里有个机会 |
| 123 | We can use this technology | 我们可以用这种技术 |
| 124 | to help creators establish direct financial relationships | 帮助创造者建立直接的财务关系; |
| 125 | with their audience, | 与他们的观众, |
| 126 | independent of any platform. | 独立于任何平台。 |
| 127 | Today, for many creators, not all but many, | 今天,对于许多创造者来说, 并非只有许多人, |
| 128 | subscriptions are an important part of their business. | 订阅是其业务的重要组成部分. |
| 129 | And there are really great subscription platforms out there. | 外面有很棒的订阅平台。 |
| 130 | Patreon, Substack, YouTube 会员名单. | |
| 131 | They provide great services. | 他们提供伟大的服务。 |
| 132 | For you as a creator, they host your content, | 作为你的创造者,他们管理你的内容, |
| 133 | they distribute that content, | 他们分发内容, |
| 134 | they handle payments on your behalf. | 他们代表你处理付款 |
| 135 | But does it cost to you? | 但你要付出代价吗? |
| 136 | You are beholden to each platform where you show up. | 你身处每个平台 |
| 137 | You are playing by that platform's rules. | 你遵循的是平台的规则 |
| 138 | So what if we imagine something different? | 那么,如果我们想象一些不同的东西呢? |
| 139 | A subscription between a creator and a fan still, | 创作者和粉丝的订阅 |
| 140 | but one independent of any platform, | 却是一个独立的地方, |
| 141 | but that works across all platforms. | 但它在所有平台都起作用。 |
| 142 | On a five-year time view, | 五年时间来看 |
| 143 | the blockchain offers the opportunity for creators | 块链为创建者提供机会 |
| 144 | to directly own their relationship with their subscribers. | 直接拥有与用户的关系。 |
| 145 | Picture this. | 想象一下这个 |
| 146 | Lisa is a country artist from Georgia, | 丽莎是佐治亚州的乡村艺术家 |
| 147 | and she wants to sell subscriptions. | 她想卖订阅费 |
| 148 | Maybe she wants to share songs that she's working on | 也许她想分享她正在创作的歌曲 |
| 149 | before she's ready to release them to the general public. | 在她准备向大众公布之前 |
| 150 | And we all love Lisa, and we want to subscribe to Lisa. | 我们都爱丽莎,我们想订阅丽莎。 |
| 151 | What if Lisa can sell a token, | 如果Lisa能卖掉一个信物 |
| 152 | think of it as a membership card, | 把它当成会员卡 |
| 153 | for a few bucks, | 几块钱 |
| 154 | to anyone who wants to subscribe? | 给任何想要订阅的人? |
| 155 | What if every major platform, | 如果每个主要的平台, |
| 156 | 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2013-09-02. Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, | |
| 157 | they all agree to honor those membership cards? | 他们都同意尊重这些会员卡吗? |
| 158 | Then, in that world, | 然后,在那个世界上, |
| 159 | 如果丽莎先在Instagram上确定 | |
| 160 | but later she wants to branch out into Twitter, | 但后来她想在推特上发表 |
| 161 | she can bring Team Lisa with her. | 她可以带丽莎队去 |
| 162 | She can bring her subscribers with her. | 她可以带订户一起走 |
| 163 | And all of us, because I'm sure we all love Lisa, | 我们所有人,因为我相信我们都爱丽莎, |
| 164 | we only need to subscribe once, | 我们只需要订阅一次 |
| 165 | not once per platform. | 不是每个平台一次。 |
| 166 | That's a big deal. | 谓大乘. |
| 167 | And even more important, | 更重要的是, |
| 168 | if we build these membership cards on a blockchain, | 如果我们把这些会员卡建在条链上 |
| 169 | no company can ever take Lisa's community away from her. | 任何公司都不能让丽莎的社区离开她 |
| 170 | Instagram可能,poof, 消失的明天, | |
| 171 | and she would maintain her relationship with her subscribers, | 她会和她的订户保持联系, |
| 172 | and she would maintain her income. | 她会维持自己的收入。 |
| 173 | We can take this idea further. | 我们可以进一步考虑这个问题。 |
| 174 | As we look to the future, it's increasingly clear | 当我们展望未来,它越来越清晰 |
| 175 | that it's going to bring more and more volatility | 它会带来越来越多的波动 |
| 176 | as technology changes more and more quickly. | 随着技术的日益迅速变化。 |
| 177 | For creators, | 对于创造者, |
| 178 | this means new talent can succeed faster than ever before | 也就是说,新人才能比以往更快成功 |
| 179 | at an incredible scale. | 以惊人的尺度。 |
| 180 | It also means that we will never again see the stability in careers | 这也意味着我们永远不会再看到事业的稳定 |
| 181 | that our grandparents saw. | 我们的祖父母看到。 |
| 182 | There's a problem. | 有个问题 |
| 183 | One challenge with this future is that our financial infrastructure, | 未来的挑战之一是我们的金融基础设施 |
| 184 | particularly the way that we finance our ideas, | 特别是我们资助我们的想法的方式, |
| 185 | largely predates the internet. | 基本上比互联网早 |
| 186 | Today, the predominant way that businesses raise money, | 今天,企业的主要筹资方式, |
| 187 | and the only real option available to creators, | 和创造者唯一可以选择的, |
| 188 | is to borrow it as debt. | 是把它作为债务来借 |
| 189 | And as to any of you who have ever struggled with a mortgage payment, | 至於你们中曾为抵押贷款而奋斗的任何人, |
| 190 | or a student loan, or a car payment can attest to, | 或学生贷款,或汽车付款可以证明, |
| 191 | there's a lot of downside to debt. | 债务的负差很多. |
| 192 | My first experience with debt was a 13-year-old 86 Saab 9000 Turbo. | 我的第一个债务经历是 一个13岁的86Saab 9000涡轮。 |
| 193 | Gray car, saggy roof, | 灰色的车,沙发屋顶, |
| 194 | the sort of nightlighter lights in the front. | 那种夜间灯光 在前面。 |
| 195 | I loved that car. | 我喜欢那辆车。 |
| 196 | But it was hard. | 但这是很难的。 |
| 197 | So what if instead of debt, we invested in people | 所以,如果不是债务, 我们投资的人 |
| 198 | the way we invest in startups? | 我们投资创业的方式? |
| 199 | As a creator, | 作为一个创造者, |
| 200 | you should be able to use technology to raise money to finance your ambitions. | 你应该能够利用技术筹集资金来资助你的野心 |
| 201 | If you so choose, | 如果你愿意的话 |
| 202 | you should be able to sell equity in your future, | 你将来应该可以卖股票 |
| 203 | and you should be able to set the terms. | 你应该能确定条件 |
| 204 | For a $100,000 investment, | 为了10万美元的投资, |
| 205 | you'll pay out 5% of what you make for the next 10 years. | 以后十年你只付5%的薪水 |
| 206 | And we can codify those terms in a smart contract. | 我们可以把这些术语编成智能合同。 |
| 207 | We can connect the rev share you make on YouTube, | 我们可以连接在YouTube上的rev共享, |
| 208 | the subscription fees you make on Patreon, | 你给帕特伦的订阅费 |
| 209 | 你在Instagram的商品销售, | |
| 210 | all to one token that anyone who believes in you could buy. | 任何相信你的人都能买到 |
| 211 | And in doing so, | 这样一来, |
| 212 | you'd be giving your audience the opportunity to share in your success, | 让你的观众有机会分享你的成功 |
| 213 | to buy a share, | 买股份, |
| 214 | to build equity in the creator they know, love and trust. | 在创造者中建立平等 他们知道,爱和信任。 |
| 215 | And Lisa would be able to build a community of people | 丽莎可以建立一个人民社区 |
| 216 | who are directly invested in her success. | 他们直接投入 她的成功。 |
| 217 | And with the money she raised, | 有了她筹到的钱 |
| 218 | she'd have more time to explore, more time to create. | 她会有更多的时间探索, 更多的时间创造。 |
| 219 | Meta can't build this. | Meta不能建这个. |
| 220 | No single company can. | 没有一家公司可以 |
| 221 | For ideas like these to happen, | 如果这些想法发生 |
| 222 | we need to come together across the industry. | 我们需要一起穿越整个行业。 |
| 223 | And we need pioneers. | 我们需要先锋 |
| 224 | We need established creators to prove the model at first. | 我们需要成熟的创造者 来证明这个模式 |
| 225 | But the idea isn't interesting until it's available to everyone. | 但是,这个想法在每个人都可以使用之前并不有趣. |
| 226 | I sometimes think about what my path might have looked like | 我有时会想到我的路会是什么样子 |
| 227 | had this opportunity been available to me. | 如果有机会的话 |
| 228 | Instead of bartending and designing websites on the side | 而不是禁止和设计侧面的网站 |
| 229 | and taking on a lot of student debt, | 并承担了很多学生债务, |
| 230 | I might have sold equity in my future. | 我将来可能卖股票 |
| 231 | What might you have done? | 你可能会做什么? |
| 232 | Who knows? | 谁知道呢? |
| 233 | But what's exciting about this idea | 但这个想法有什么刺激的 |
| 234 | is not the opportunity it affords an upper-middle-class white kid | 不是它给一个中上层白人孩子的机会 |
| 235 | from the suburbs of New York City. | 纽约郊区 |
| 236 | 这是它给Umi Janta的机会, | |
| 237 | a roller-skating phenom in Berlin. | 柏林的滑冰风琴 |
| 238 | Terry Lowenthal 是我在加州最喜欢的摄影师之一 | |
| 239 | And if we build this, | 如果我们建造这个, |
| 240 | we'll help to realize the original promise of the internet. | 我们会帮助实现互联网的最初承诺 |
| 241 | We'll have to push power into the hands of people, to creators. | 我们必须把权力推向人们的手中,推向创造者. |
| 242 | Creators will be able to own their relationship with their audience, | 造物主可以拥有与观众的关系, |
| 243 | and anyone who wants to invest in creativity | 和任何想投资创造力的人, |
| 244 | will have the opportunity to do so. | 将有机会这样做。 |
| 245 | We will have created a world | 我们会创造一个世界 |
| 246 | where anyone with a compelling idea can turn their passion into a living, | 任何有说服力的想法的人 可以把他们的激情变成生活, |
| 247 | which at the same time affects, possibly, | 同时可能影响到 |
| 248 | the greatest transfer of power | 最伟大的权力转移 |
| 249 | from institutions to individuals in all of history. | 从机构到个人 在所有历史上。 |
| 250 | Thank you for listening, | 谢谢你的倾听 |
| 251 | and thank you to the creators out there for inspiring the rest of us. | 并感谢你的创造者 在那里激励我们其他人。 |
| 252 | Thank you to the creators out there for inspiring the rest of us. | 感谢那些创造者激励了我们其他人 |
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