为什么有些人天生是路痴？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:07 | In July of 2025, top athletes competed in a kilometers-long race, but it had no set path. | 2025年7月,顶级运动员在长达公里的比赛中参赛,但赛道未定. |
| 0:15 | That's because it was the World Orienteering Championships, and participants equipped with | 因为这是世界东方锦标赛, 参与者装备 |
| 0:20 | only maps and compasses were expected to find their way between far-off checkpoints at high | 只有地图和指南针才能在高处的远处检查站之间找到路 |
| 0:26 | speeds, weaving between trees, sprinting over rocks, and skirting cliffs. | 速度,树间编织,冲刺过岩石,以及穿梭悬崖. |
| 0:33 | This might sound a little daunting, but whether you identify as a wayfinding whiz or get lost | 这听起来有点令人生畏, 但你是确定 如何寻找whiz或迷路 |
| 0:38 | returning from the grocery store, your brain has a built-in navigation system that facilitates | 从杂货店回来 你的大脑有内置导航系统 |
| 0:44 | spatial skills from sensing which direction is north to map reading and route learning. | 从感知到向北到地图阅读和路由学习的空间技能。 |
| 0:51 | It consists of two major parts, the striatum and the hippocampus. | 它由两大部分组成,分别是striatum和河马营. |
| 0:57 | The striatum is clued into sensory inputs, like nearby landmarks. | 石刻像像附近的地标一样,被暗示为感官输入. |
| 1:02 | With repetition, it comes to associate specific stimuli and actions with certain responses and | 重复到将具体的刺激和行动与某些反应联系起来, |
展开字幕全文（74 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | In July of 2025, top athletes competed in a kilometers-long race, but it had no set path. | 2025年7月,顶级运动员在长达公里的比赛中参赛,但赛道未定. |
| 2 | That's because it was the World Orienteering Championships, and participants equipped with | 因为这是世界东方锦标赛, 参与者装备 |
| 3 | only maps and compasses were expected to find their way between far-off checkpoints at high | 只有地图和指南针才能在高处的远处检查站之间找到路 |
| 4 | speeds, weaving between trees, sprinting over rocks, and skirting cliffs. | 速度,树间编织,冲刺过岩石,以及穿梭悬崖. |
| 5 | This might sound a little daunting, but whether you identify as a wayfinding whiz or get lost | 这听起来有点令人生畏, 但你是确定 如何寻找whiz或迷路 |
| 6 | returning from the grocery store, your brain has a built-in navigation system that facilitates | 从杂货店回来 你的大脑有内置导航系统 |
| 7 | spatial skills from sensing which direction is north to map reading and route learning. | 从感知到向北到地图阅读和路由学习的空间技能。 |
| 8 | It consists of two major parts, the striatum and the hippocampus. | 它由两大部分组成,分别是striatum和河马营. |
| 9 | The striatum is clued into sensory inputs, like nearby landmarks. | 石刻像像附近的地标一样,被暗示为感官输入. |
| 10 | With repetition, it comes to associate specific stimuli and actions with certain responses and | 重复到将具体的刺激和行动与某些反应联系起来, |
| 11 | outcomes, linking these cues with set routes. | 结果,将这些提示与既定路线联系起来。 |
| 12 | This forms navigation habits, for example, | 例如,这形成了导航习惯, |
| 13 | when you automatically take the same sequence of turns on your way home. | 当你在回家的路上自动进行相同的转弯 |
| 14 | The hippocampus, meanwhile, constructs continuous, dynamic mental maps of your | 同时,河马营 构建连续的,动态的心理地图 你 |
| 15 | environment. | 环境。 |
| 16 | It helps you figure out how to get somewhere, even if you've never been | 它帮助你找出 如何得到的地方, 即使你从来没有去过 |
| 17 | or haven't taken that exact route before. | 或者之前没有走过那条路线 |
| 18 | Researchers realized the hippocampus' | 研究人员意识到了河马群 |
| 19 | importance in mental mapping in the 70s, while observing rats' brain activity and noticing that | 观察大鼠的大脑活动 并注意 |
| 20 | specific neurons in the hippocampus fired when the rats were in certain spaces. | 当大鼠在一定空间时,河马群中的特定神经元被发射. |
| 21 | The same thing also happened in complete darkness, indicating that these neurons, | 同样的事情也在完全黑暗中发生, 表明这些神经元, |
| 22 | which came to be called place cells, formed cognitive maps independent of sensory input. | 它被称作地方细胞 形成独立于感官输入的认知图 |
| 23 | It seems that activity in these areas during sleep represents a kind of place replay, | 看来这些区域在睡眠中的活动 代表着一种重播的地方 |
| 24 | as the brain consolidates spatial information. | 作为大脑整合空间信息。 |
| 25 | And in 2005, researchers discovered additional | 2005年,研究人员发现了更多的 |
| 26 | types of navigational neurons in the region surrounding the hippocampus. | 河马区周围的导航神经元类型。 |
| 27 | This includes | 其中包括: |
| 28 | grid cells, which fire in a regular pattern as one moves, providing the brain with a kind of | 电网细胞,在移动时以常态点火,为大脑提供某种 |
| 29 | internal coordinate system. | 内部坐标系统。 |
| 30 | Together, the breakthrough discoveries that put place | 共同开创的突破性发现 |
| 31 | and grid cells on the map earned the 2014 Nobel Prize. | 地图上的网格细胞获得了2014年诺贝尔奖. |
| 32 | But while the striatum and hippocampus | 但当石膏和河马 |
| 33 | form a navigation system that allows our brains to adapt between strategies depending on the task, | 组成一个导航系统,让我们的大脑能够根据任务在策略之间适应, |
| 34 | we still struggle to find our ways. | 我们还在努力寻找方法 |
| 35 | In the absence of strong external cues, | 在缺乏强烈的外部提示的情况下, |
| 36 | people tend to make small errors that send them off course and into circles. | 人们往往犯小错误 让他们偏离航线,进入圈子 |
| 37 | And generally, | 一般来说, |
| 38 | some of us find ourselves lost more often than others. | 我们有些人比其他人更经常地迷失自己。 |
| 39 | Most people can handle a striatum-centric, | 大多数人可以处理一个以语法为中心的问题, |
| 40 | well-practiced route, but those who lean more on hippocampus-forward self-orienting tend to | 但是那些更依赖河马营自我引导的人 |
| 41 | stand out as navigators. | 突出的航海家。 |
| 42 | Twin studies suggest that genetics account for around 60% of the | 双胞胎研究显示,遗传学约占 |
| 43 | variation in our navigation abilities. | 我们导航能力的变化 |
| 44 | These abilities appear independent of general intelligence, | 这些能力看起来独立于一般情报 |
| 45 | suggesting that navigation is its own distinct cognitive skill. | 说明导航是它独特的认知技能 |
| 46 | And crucially, research indicates | 关键是,研究表明 |
| 47 | that it's one that can be practiced and improved. | 这是可以实践和改进的。 |
| 48 | Compared to people from suburban and rural areas, | 与郊区和农村地区的人口相比, |
| 49 | those who grew up in cities, especially ones with more uniform grid-like layouts, | 那些在城市里长大的人, 特别是那些有更统一的网状布局的人, |
| 50 | appear to struggle more with navigating less ordered environments. | 似乎更挣扎于 导航不太有序的环境。 |
| 51 | And in a 2010 study, | 在2010年的一项研究中, |
| 52 | rugby players and martial artists were blindfolded and asked to navigate back to a starting point. | 橄榄球运动员和武术家被蒙上双眼,要求导航回到起点. |
| 53 | The rugby players who train at much larger scales did so with more directional accuracy, | 橄榄球选手在大得多的尺度上训练, 这样做的方向精确度更高, |
| 54 | suggesting that the difference in their spatial training | 表明他们的空间训练不同 |
| 55 | improved their judgment across longer distances. | 越远越好 |
| 56 | London cab drivers, meanwhile, | 伦敦出租车司机,同时, |
| 57 | must learn what's referred to as the knowledge, which consists of extensive routes and landmarks | 必须学习所谓的知识,它包括广阔的路线和地标 |
| 58 | across the city's infamously complex maze of streets. | 穿过城市的 令人发指的复杂迷宫 街道。 |
| 59 | Those who successfully complete | 顺利完成的 |
| 60 | the training have been observed to experience significant hippocampal growth. | 据观察,这些培训在河马区取得了显著增长。 |
| 61 | But the brain's | 但大脑 |
| 62 | malleability can be a double-edged sword. | 可塑性可以是双刃剑. |
| 63 | While GPS devices reliably get us around, | 虽然GPS设备可以可靠地让我们绕圈 |
| 64 | they lead to worse spatial reconstructions than verbal directions and paper maps do. | 它们导致空间重建比口头指示和纸面地图更糟糕。 |
| 65 | By allowing | 允许 |
| 66 | our brains to engage less actively with environmental cues, GPS may degrade the | 我们的大脑在环境提示上不太活跃,GPS可能会降解 |
| 67 | hippocampal navigation system and impair our own internal sense of direction. | 河马导航系统 破坏我们内部的方向感 |
| 68 | So, to help improve | 所以,帮助改善 |
| 69 | it, you can try putting your GPS away on more familiar routes and paying attention to distant | 它,你可以尝试把你的GPS关闭 在更熟悉的路线, 并关注远处 |
| 70 | landmarks. | 地标。 |
| 71 | Instead of using turn-by-turn directions, consider experimenting with a paper map and | 与其使用转弯方向,不如考虑尝试纸面地图和 |
| 72 | exploring new places on foot, since physical movement helps the brain encode spatial information. | 探索新的徒步地点,因为物理运动有助于大脑编码空间信息. |
| 73 | Then, with a little practice, the next time you get turned around, maybe you can first look | 然后,通过一点点练习, 下次你转身, 也许你可以先看看 |
| 74 | within yourself to find your way. | 在你内部寻找你的方式。 |
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