TED演讲：如何为火星上的人类建设

发布于 2026-10-29 · 时长 10:41

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	Let's imagine together we've gone on an eight-month journey	想象一下我们一起旅行了八个月
0:09	and arrived to the planet Mars.	来到火星
0:12	Yes, Mars.	对,火星
0:15	Somehow, we'll have to figure out how to build protective and durable structures	不知怎的,我们得想办法建造保护性和耐久性的结构
0:20	to shield us against solar radiation, galactic cosmic rays	挡住太阳辐射银河宇宙射线
0:26	and extreme temperature swings.	和极端的温度波动。
0:29	On a Mars mission, there's only so much that we can bring with us	在火星任务中,只有这么多我们可以带给我们
0:32	from Earth, and it's prohibitively expensive	从地球飞来,价格太贵了
0:35	to launch tons and tons of construction materials into space.	将一吨一吨的建筑材料投入空间。
0:41	So to realize a pioneering habitat	从而实现一个开拓性的栖息地

展开字幕全文（180 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Let's imagine together we've gone on an eight-month journey	想象一下我们一起旅行了八个月
2	and arrived to the planet Mars.	来到火星
3	Yes, Mars.	对,火星
4	Somehow, we'll have to figure out how to build protective and durable structures	不知怎的,我们得想办法建造保护性和耐久性的结构
5	to shield us against solar radiation, galactic cosmic rays	挡住太阳辐射银河宇宙射线
6	and extreme temperature swings.	和极端的温度波动。
7	On a Mars mission, there's only so much that we can bring with us	在火星任务中,只有这么多我们可以带给我们
8	from Earth, and it's prohibitively expensive	从地球飞来,价格太贵了
9	to launch tons and tons of construction materials into space.	将一吨一吨的建筑材料投入空间。
10	So to realize a pioneering habitat	从而实现一个开拓性的栖息地
11	that progressively grows, adapts and expands into a permanent outpost,	逐渐成长、适应和扩张为一个永久的前哨,
12	we have to think differently about how we build.	我们必须用不同的思路来思考我们是如何建设的。
13	These habitats and the robots that build them	这些栖息地和建造它们的机器人
14	will enable humanity to thrive off-world.	将使人类在世界上兴旺发达。
15	I am a space architect.	我是太空建筑师
16	I design and conceive habitats	我设计和构思栖息地
17	supporting human exploration in deep space,	支持人类在深空的探索,
18	like on the surface of Mars.	就像火星表面一样
19	Not only do I design spaces for optimal crew health and performance,	我不仅设计了最佳船员健康和性能的空间
20	but I also investigate what these habitats are	但我也调查这些栖息地是什么
21	and how they're going to be built.	以及如何建造它们。
22	Now, Mars is so far from us	火星离我们这么远
23	that communications delays can take up to 22 minutes,	通讯延误可能长达22分钟,
24	one way, to or from Earth.	一种方式,去或从地球。
25	And what that means is that we can't rely on real-time telerobotics	这意味着我们不能依赖实时的调频器
26	controlled by people on Earth	由地球上的人控制
27	to supervise what happens in construction on Mars,	监督火星上的建筑工程,
28	or for that matter, to supervise anything that happens	或为此, 监督任何发生的事情
29	when we're exploring the planet.	当我们探索这个星球时
30	But if we leverage autonomous robotics,	但如果我们利用自主机器人
31	we'll send 3D printers and other construction robots	我们会派三维打印机和其他建筑机器人
32	to build protective habitats and shelters	建造保护性生境和住所;
33	before the crew even arrives.	在船员到达之前
34	So how exactly would 3D printers build a habitat on Mars?	3D打印机在火星上如何建造栖息地?
35	Well, first we have to figure out what these structures are made out of.	首先我们必须找出这些结构是由什么构成的。
36	Just like early civilizations,	就像早期文明一样,
37	we'll use in-situ regolith,	我们用原地重石
38	commonly known as dirt,	俗称泥土,
39	and other resources that are local and indigenous to the planet,	以及地球本地和本地的其他资源,
40	including water,	包括水,
41	and possibly combine them with additives and binders	并可能与添加剂和粘合剂结合
42	that we bring from Earth	我们从地球带来的
43	to engineer high-performance construction materials.	用于制造高性能建筑材料。
44	Our goal when we're designing these habitats	当我们设计这些栖息地时我们的目标
45	is to introduce an airtight structure	即引入一个封闭结构
46	that can withstand internal pressurization,	能承受内压,
47	which is what will allow people to live in a breathable and temperate environment	才能让人们生活在可呼吸的温带环境中
48	on the inside.	在内部。
49	The robots that we deploy on Mars	我们部署在火星上的机器人
50	will need to perceive and interpret the complexity of a construction site	需要了解和解释建筑工地的复杂性
51	in order to sequence and choreograph different types of tasks.	以便排列和编舞不同类型的任务。
52	These tasks will include prospecting Mars and surveying for a site to build,	这些任务包括探测火星和勘测一个地点以建造、
53	collecting raw materials,	收集原材料,
54	processing those materials,	加工这些材料,
55	and maneuvering them around.	并让他们左右。
56	Some of these bots might resemble the character Wally,	其中一些家伙可能像人物华利,
57	except, you know, not so cute.	除了,你知道,不是那么可爱。
58	Once the site has been excavated and foundations are printed,	一旦遗址被挖掘并打印地基,
59	these structures are manufactured layer by layer by layer.	这些结构是逐层制造的。
60	And as construction progresses,	随着施工的进展,
61	pre-built and pre-integrated hardware like airlocks	预建和预整合硬件,如气闸
62	or life-support equipment brought from Earth	或从地球运来的生命支持设备
63	are inserted into the print	插入到打印中
64	until finally they're sealed at various connection points.	直到最后被封在各种连接点.
65	To do more than just survive in space,	为了超越在太空生存
66	we need to create environments that positively contribute to well-being	我们需要创造积极促进福祉的环境
67	for months and years into the future.	未来几个月和几年。
68	And as more civilian astronauts travel to space,	随着更多民用宇航员前往太空
69	it's important that our environments are more	重要的是,我们的环境更
70	than the tightly packed mechanical interiors	比紧凑的机械内部
71	of the International Space Station,	国际空间站
72	which today represents the state of the art	代表着最新艺术
73	for long-duration human life in space.	人类在太空的寿命很长
74	We also want to incorporate practical architectural elements	我们还希望纳入实用建筑元素
75	such as access to natural light through windows and greenery.	例如通过窗户和绿化获得自然光。
76	These were features that were missing aboard the space station	这些是空间站上缺失的特征
77	when it was first commissioned,	当它被首次委托,
78	but which we know are critical	但是我们知道这是关键
79	to positive psychological functioning and well-being.	对积极的心理功能和幸福。
80	For long-duration missions in deep space,	对于在深空执行长期任务,
81	it's important that crew members feel less like they're living in a machine	这很重要,船员们觉得他们住在机器里
82	and more like they're living in a home.	更像是住在一个家里
83	There are other ways of approaching habitat construction on Mars.	火星上的栖息地建设还有其他方法
84	Hard shell or inflatable structures	硬壳或充气结构
85	may not provide the radiation protection that we need,	可能无法提供我们需要的辐射防护,
86	and living underground in lava tubes	生活在熔岩管内
87	doesn't quite support direct surface exploration on the planet.	并不完全支持在地球上直接进行表面探索.
88	And also, why would you travel for eight months to live underground?	而且,你为什么要旅行八个月住在地下?
89	Designing structures in space is all about mitigating risks,	设计空间结构是为了减少风险,
90	and the habitats that we create	和我们创造的生境
91	will need to be the most durable and the most resilient structures	需要成为最持久和最坚韧的结构
92	ever conceived.	曾经被孕育。
93	Future off-world surface habitats	未来世界以外的地表生境
94	will be self-regulating and self-maintained structures	将是自我管理和自我维护的结构
95	to support the crew members while they're there,	在船员在场时支持他们
96	but also to operate autonomously when they're not.	也可以在它们不在的时候自主操作
97	Before we send anyone to Mars,	在我们派人去火星之前
98	we need data to answer some very key questions	我们需要数据来回答一些非常关键的问题
99	about human health, safety	关于人类健康、安全
100	and to validate each of these construction activities.	并验证所有这些建筑活动。
101	Fortunately for us, we have a test bed and approving grounds	幸运的是,我们有一个测试床和批准理由
102	much, much closer to Earth.	离地球更近一点
103	That's our own moon.	那是我们的月亮
104	Today, we're working with NASA	今天我们和NASA合作
105	to demonstrate how we'll 3D print infrastructure	展示我们如何3D打印基础设施
106	like landing pads, roadways	像着陆台,道路
107	and eventually habitats	以及最终的栖息地
108	directly on the lunar surface.	直接在月球表面。
109	The moon is a critical pit stop to refuel, resupply	月球是加油和补给的关键坑站
110	and serve as a general platform for vehicles traveling to deep space.	并作为车辆前往深空的一般平台。
111	And we'll use the technologies	我们会利用这些技术
112	establishing a permanent human presence on the moon	建立人类在月球上的永久存在
113	to travel to, from and operate on the surface of Mars.	在火星表面飞行和运行
114	What else are we doing to advance the viability of 3D printing	为了提高3D打印的可行性,我们还做了些什么?
115	for building in space?	为了在太空建造?
116	Well, for one thing,	嗯,有一件事,我说
117	we can demonstrate that 3D-printed structures	我们可以证明三维打印结构
118	can support people in a mission-like environment right here on Earth	能在类似任务的环境中支持人类
119	and use data from those experiments	并使用这些实验的数据
120	to set standards and requirements for future Mars missions.	为今后的火星飞行任务制定标准和要求。
121	This is what we did in designing and building Mars Dune Alpha,	这是我们在设计和建造火星沙丘阿尔法时所做的
122	a 3D-printed analog habitat	3D 打印模拟生境
123	at the Johnson Space Center in Houston,	在休斯顿的约翰逊航天中心,
124	referred to as the Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog.	称为 " 船员健康和性能探索模拟 " 。
125	That's a really long name, I know.	这是一个非常长的名字,我知道。
126	This structure will house four volunteer crew members	这个结构将容纳四名志愿船员
127	simulating a one-year mission to Mars,	模拟一年的火星任务,
128	including a 20-minute communications delay.	包括20分钟的通讯延迟。
129	The first mission is kicking off later this year,	第一个任务今年晚些时候开始
130	but you could actually apply to be a crew member in this habitat	但你可以申请成为这里的船员
131	sometime in the future.	将来的某个时候
132	Or if you're not so inclined,	或者如果你没有这么倾向,
133	you can suggest it to someone else in the name of research.	你可以以研究的名义向别人推荐
134	If you're one of the chosen few,	如果你是少数选手之一
135	you'll be sharing 1,700 square feet of living and working areas	你会分享1700平方英尺的生活和工作区域
136	with three others,	和另外三个
137	and that includes an aeroponic garden for plant growth,	包括一个供植物生长的兴奋花园,
138	a communications area, an exercise room,	一个通信区,一个运动室,
139	as well as individual crew cabins that are very cozy,	以及非常舒适的个别机组机舱,
140	just six by 12 feet.	仅六乘十二尺
141	Some of you may be thinking,	可能你们有些人在想
142	well, building in space,	嗯,在太空建造,
143	this is a topic pretty far removed from our day-to-day lives.	这个话题与我们的日常生活相距甚远.
144	How might it impact what we do on Earth today?	它会如何影响我们今天在地球上所做的?
145	In my experience, designing for an extreme environment	根据我的经验,设计一个极端的环境
146	that is the most restrictive	这是最严格的
147	and that presents the most constraints,	这是最困难的,
148	and which literally no human has ever gone before,	人类从来没有去过的地方,
149	is what gives us the best chances of creatively engineering solutions	是我们创造出最有创意的工程解决方案的机会
150	to problems here on Earth	解决地球上的问题
151	that seem completely beyond our grasp today.	这似乎完全超出了我们今天的能力。
152	Problems like housing solutions for the chronically homeless,	为长期无家可归的人解决住房问题;
153	or hurricane and disaster relief housing,	或飓风和救灾住房,
154	or rethinking sustainable practices within construction overall,	或反思整个建筑中的可持续做法,
155	which, according to the UN,	根据联合国,
156	is responsible for up to 30 percent of carbon emissions worldwide.	全球碳排放量高达30%。
157	The autonomous technologies that we develop	我们开发的自主技术
158	for building in space	用于空间建筑
159	redound to us on Earth.	给地球上的我们发号施令
160	They feed back and pay dividends	他们回馈和红利
161	to how we reimagine and reconceive construction happening today.	今天我们如何重新构思和改造建筑
162	The fact of the matter is that the most habitable planet	事实是最适合居住的星球
163	is the one we live on right now.	就是我们现在活的那个人
164	I don't like treating space like it's a lifeboat for humanity	我不喜欢把太空当成人类的救生艇
165	from an ailing planet Earth.	从一个生病的行星地球。
166	We can either solve for how to build smarter and more sustainably today,	我们要么解决如何建立更聪明和更可持续的今天,
167	or we'll have to think about designing for survival on an Earth	否则我们不得不考虑设计在地球上生存
168	more extreme and more foreign than any of us have ever known.	比我们任何人都了解的更极端更外来
169	And this, to me, cannot be the primary reason or driver	对我来说,这不能成为主要原因或驱动器
170	why we explore and venture into deep space.	我们为什么要探索和探索深空
171	It's been over 50 years	已经50多年了
172	since any human has traveled outside of Earth's orbit.	因为任何人类都在地球轨道外飞行
173	Things are about to change.	事情即将改变。
174	We will develop a permanent moon base,	我们将建立一个永久的月球基地,
175	and we will build autonomously on Mars.	我们将在火星上自主建造
176	We are on the cusp of seeing radical transformation	我们正面临彻底的转变
177	and how we build on Earth,	我们如何在地球上建设,
178	and how we push past limits	以及我们如何超越极限
179	to a new frontier of human exploration in space.	人类探索空间的新领域
180	Thank you so much.	非常感谢

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