TED演讲：每周4天工作制试行的情况

发布于 2026-10-18 · 时长 11:41

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	I've been studying work since the 1980s,	从20世纪80年代开始我一直在学习工作,
0:08	and I've never seen anything like what's happening today.	我从未见过今天发生的一切
0:13	Pandemic-fueled anxiety is surging around the world.	流行性燃料引起的焦虑正在世界各地蔓延。
0:17	In the US, more than half of all employees	在美国,超过一半的员工
0:19	report feeling stressed a lot of the day.	报告感觉压力很大
0:23	Job quits are at record levels,	辞职人数创纪录
0:25	running at four million a month.	每月运行400万
0:27	People are burning out.	众人烧尽.
0:31	In response, a growing number of people	作为回应,越来越多的人
0:33	and a number of companies are offering a four-day, 32-hour week,	一些公司提供每周4天32小时的服务

展开字幕全文（207 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	I've been studying work since the 1980s,	从20世纪80年代开始我一直在学习工作,
2	and I've never seen anything like what's happening today.	我从未见过今天发生的一切
3	Pandemic-fueled anxiety is surging around the world.	流行性燃料引起的焦虑正在世界各地蔓延。
4	In the US, more than half of all employees	在美国,超过一半的员工
5	report feeling stressed a lot of the day.	报告感觉压力很大
6	Job quits are at record levels,	辞职人数创纪录
7	running at four million a month.	每月运行400万
8	People are burning out.	众人烧尽.
9	In response, a growing number of people	作为回应,越来越多的人
10	and a number of companies are offering a four-day, 32-hour week,	一些公司提供每周4天32小时的服务
11	but with five days of pay.	但要付五天工资
12	Now, it's not a new idea,	现在,这不是一个新想法,
13	but the pandemic has turbocharged it.	但大流行已经给它充电了
14	Employers are realizing that if they can rethink where people work,	雇主意识到如果他们能重新思考人们在哪里工作,
15	they can also rethink how many days they're on the job.	他们也可以重新思考他们工作的时间。
16	Sound pretty great?	听起来不错吧?
17	But hmm, is it realistic?	但这是现实吗?
18	Well, actually, yes.	嗯,其实,是的。
19	Unlike policies in which one party profits at the expense of another,	与一方获利而另一方获利的政策不同,
20	the four-day week can benefit workers, companies and society,	每周四天可惠及工人、公司和社会,
21	and it can even be a gateway for addressing climate change.	它甚至可以成为应对气候变化的门户。
22	But first, let's talk about the workplace.	但首先,让我们谈谈工作场所。
23	For nearly a decade,	近十年来,
24	companies and governments have been experimenting	公司和政府一直在试验
25	with shorter hours with no cuts in pay.	工作时间缩短,工资不减少。
26	While the results do vary,	虽然结果不同,
27	the research shows that people are less stressed,	研究表明,人们压力较小,
28	value their jobs more	重视他们的工作
29	and have better lives outside of work.	并且有更好的生活工作之外。
30	In most cases,	在大多数情况下,
31	they are as productive in four days as they are in five.	它们在四天内和在五天内一样富有生产力。
32	Companies can also see benefits through lower turnover	公司还可以通过降低营业额看到收益
33	and a higher-quality applicant pool.	和高质量的申请人才库。
34	Less burnout reduces health care costs, mistakes and poor service.	减少燃烧会减少保健费用、错误和服务差。
35	With colleagues,	与同事,
36	I'm studying four-day-week trials now in progress	我正在研究四周的试验
37	in the United States and Ireland	美国和爱尔兰
38	with summer start dates for the UK, New Zealand and Australia.	夏季开始日期为英国、新西兰和澳大利亚。
39	We have thousands of employees participating.	我们有数千名员工参加。
40	Healthwise, an education company, didn't wait for a trial to begin.	健康是一家教育公司,没有等到审判开始。
41	In June, their employees were quitting in droves.	6月,他们的雇员被驱车解雇。
42	By August, they'd implemented a four-day week.	到了8月,他们实施了为期4天的一周.
43	Six months later,	六个月后
44	CEO Adam Husney reports that people are dramatically happier	首席执行官亚当·胡斯尼报告说,人们更快乐
45	and have never been more productive.	并且从来没有比这更有成效。
46	Resignations and sick days are down,	辞职和生病的日子已经过去,
47	revenue has grown	收入增加
48	and customer satisfaction scores are outstanding.	顾客满意得分不高
49	Healthwise employees are spending their Fridays off	健康员工周五休息
50	doing family activities like sports or errands.	从事家庭活动,如运动或跑腿。
51	One mother of young children reported	报告一名幼儿母亲
52	that now she can occasionally manage a guilt-free pedicure.	现在她可以偶尔管理一个没有负罪感的修甲。
53	The four-day week can help with self-care	每周四天可以帮助自我护理
54	and managing the daily stresses of systemic racism, sexism and classism.	并处理系统性种族主义、性别歧视和阶级主义的日常压力。
55	Now, a key part of the model	现在,模型的关键部分
56	is that in return for the gift of a day off,	作为对休息一天的回报
57	people are willing to squeeze all their productivity into four days.	人们愿意把生产力挤到四天之内
58	So while they may be spending less time at work,	所以,虽然他们可能花较少的时间工作,
59	they're not necessarily doing less work.	他们不一定做更少的工作。
60	The secret sauce is work reorganization,	秘密酱汁是工作重组
61	cutting out the least productive activities.	减少生产活动。
62	Meetings are a prime target.	会议是首要目标。
63	Most companies reduce their frequency and length	大部分公司减少它们的频率和长度
64	and the number of attendees.	和参加人数。
65	At Healthwise, people save time by messaging colleagues	在健康方面,人们通过给同事留言来节省时间
66	rather than making phone calls,	而不是打电话,
67	which inevitably include some social chatting.	这不可避免地包括一些社交聊天。
68	They shifted personal tasks like doctor's appointments to the off day.	他们把个人任务,如医生的预约,转移到了休息日.
69	And yes, the pace of work at the office does go up.	是的办公室的工作进度的确加快了
70	Let's be honest when explained.	解释的时候就说实话吧
71	I'm not goofing off or looking at Facebook,	我没有傻掉或看脸书,
72	which I was.	我曾经是
73	But people have adapted,	但人们已经适应了
74	and they prefer getting their downtime as a whole day off	他们更喜欢休息一天
75	rather than in snippets.	而不是片断
76	Government initiatives have similar findings.	政府的举措也得出了类似的结论。
77	In 2015, the city of Reykjavik	2015年,雷克雅未克市
78	and then the national government of Iceland	然后是冰岛国民政府
79	started offering 36- and 35-hour weeks,	开始提供36小时和35小时
80	eventually enrolling more than 2,500 employees.	最终招收了2500多名员工.
81	The results have been remarkable.	成果显著。
82	Physical and mental stress went down,	身心压力下降,
83	while work ethic, job satisfaction, work-life balance,	工作道德、工作满意度、工作与生活平衡,
84	energy levels all improved.	能源水平都有所提高。
85	Productivity and service quality stayed the same or got better,	生产力和服务质量保持不变或有所改善,
86	and the trial was revenue neutral.	审判是无收入的。
87	Today, roughly 85 percent of all Icelandic employees	今天,大约85%的冰岛雇员
88	are either on or eligible for these schedules.	或符合这些时间表。
89	The governments of Spain and Scotland have announced four-day week trials	西班牙和苏格兰政府宣布每周4天的审判
90	in which they'll be subsidizing the fifth day's pay.	在其中他们会补贴第五天的工资。
91	Now, one reason for these successes	现在,成功的原因之一
92	is that with reduced work time,	是,随着工作时间的缩短,
93	each hour typically becomes more productive.	通常每个小时的产量都会增加。
94	Norway and Denmark,	挪威和丹麦,
95	the two European countries with the shortest average hours of work	平均工作时间最短的两个欧洲国家
96	at about 1,380,	约1,380,
97	have outsized productivity.	已经超过了生产力。
98	France and Germany are similar.	法国和德国相似.
99	In contrast, the long-hours countries like the UK and Italy	相形之下,像英国和意大利这样的国家
100	have much, much lower productivity.	生产力低得多。
101	The US historically led the world in productivity	美国历史上领导着世界的生产力
102	and would likely do better now if its work time weren't so high.	如果工作时间不高,现在可能更好
103	While tech firms comprise the biggest group,	虽然技术公司是最大的集团,
104	adopting four-day reduced-hour schedules,	采用4天的减时时间表,
105	companies are also making the switch in banking,	公司也在银行业中进行转换,
106	PR, marketing and design,	公关、营销和设计
107	nonprofits, consumer goods,	非营利、消费品、
108	even a restaurant chain.	甚至连连锁餐厅
109	But it's also true that doing 100 percent of the work	但这也是事实,做100%的工作
110	in 80 percent of the time isn't feasible everywhere.	80%的时间是行不通的。
111	Manufacturing was sped up decades ago.	制造业在几十年前加速了。
112	Many teachers and flight attendants need to slow down, not intensify.	许多教师和空勤人员需要放慢速度,而不是加紧速度.
113	And of course,	当然
114	health care workers on the front lines of the pandemic	流行病前线的保健工作者
115	need to work less, not more.	工作需要减少,而不是更多。
116	Here ...	这里...
117	Yes.	对
118	Thank you, health care workers.	谢谢,医护人员
119	Here, another government effort is instructive.	在这方面,政府的另一项努力很有启发性。
120	In 2014, the city of Gothenburg in Sweden	2014年,瑞典哥德堡市
121	gave nurses at one of its facilities a six-hour day.	在医院的某个设施里,护士每天工作6小时。
122	As expected, the nurses' health and overall well-being improved,	如所料,护士们的健康和整体福祉有所改善,
123	as did productivity and patient care.	以及生产力和病人的护理。
124	But in this trial,	但在这个审判中,
125	they hired new staff for the hours that weren't being covered.	他们雇佣了新的员工工作时段没有覆盖。
126	The striking finding was	惊人的发现是
127	how much lower sick pay and unemployment benefits	患病工资和失业津贴降低多少
128	helped offset those additional salaries.	帮助抵消了这些额外薪金。
129	Now, the Swedish case raises a bigger, more existential question.	现在,瑞典的案子提出了一个更大的,更存在的问题.
130	How much time should we be dedicating to work?	我们应该投入多少时间去工作?
131	In many countries, jobs are getting more, not less demanding.	在许多国家,就业正在增加,而不是降低。
132	And scarcity thinking,	和稀缺的思维,
133	the idea that even rich countries need to tighten their belts,	即使是富国也需要收紧腰带的想法,
134	has taken hold.	已经决定了
135	But really, we should be heading in the opposite direction,	但实际上,我们应该朝相反的方向前进,
136	as digitization and artificial intelligence	数字化和人工智能
137	offer the chance to reduce work time.	提供缩短工作时间的机会。
138	Amid pandemic fatigue,	在流行性疲劳中,
139	we should be doubling down on restoring the quality of life	我们应该加倍恢复生活质量
140	and our social fabric,	我们的社会结构,
141	especially in wealthy countries,	特别是在富裕国家,
142	where we already produce enough for everyone to have a good standard of living.	在那里,我们已经生产了足够每个人有一个良好的生活水平。
143	And this path has the added benefit of addressing the climate crisis.	而这条道路还有解决气候危机的额外好处。
144	How so, you may ask?	怎么说呢?
145	Well, with the four-day week,	每周四天时间
146	there's the obvious impact of less commuting.	有明显的影响少通勤。
147	But if we use productivity growth to continue to reduce hours of work,	但是如果我们利用生产力增长来继续减少工作时间,
148	just by a couple of percent a year,	一年只递百分之二
149	we can create a longer-term dynamic of decarbonization.	我们可以创造长期的去碳化动力。
150	Research by me and others has shown this time and again	我和其他人的研究表明,这一次又一次
151	across countries, across states,	跨国家,跨国家,
152	across households.	家庭之间。
153	One reason is that when people are time-stressed,	其中一个原因是,当人们时间紧张时,
154	they tend to choose faster and more polluting modes of travel	它们往往选择更快、更污染的旅行方式。
155	and daily life activities.	和日常生活活动。
156	In contrast, when people get time rather than money,	相比之下,当人们有时间而不是钱的时候,
157	they tend to have a lower carbon footprint.	它们的碳足迹往往较低。
158	But the bigger reason has to do with the size of the economy.	但更大的原因与经济规模有关.
159	By opting to work less,	通过选择少工作,
160	countries are choosing not to expand production to its max,	国家选择不扩大生产,
161	thereby avoiding additional emissions.	从而避免了额外的排放。
162	Carbon success stories like Germany and Denmark	德国和丹麦等碳成功案例
163	tend to have low annual hours.	每年工作时间往往较低。
164	France and the Netherlands are also low on both carbon and work time.	法国和荷兰的碳和工作时间都很低。
165	The four-day week is a down payment on a new way to live and work.	四天周是新生活和工作方式的首付.
166	And yes, we're going to need government help	是的,我们需要政府帮助
167	if we're going to move beyond the innovative companies	如果我们要超越创新公司
168	that already see its virtues.	已经看到了它的优点。
169	But as the three-day weekend spreads,	但随着三天周末的扩展,
170	we can realize everyone deserves a right to free time.	我们可以认识到每个人都有享受自由时间的权利。
171	And that brings the logic of a universal basic income	这带来了普遍基本收入的逻辑
172	squarely into view.	直入视野。
173	Because without financial support,	因为没有财政支持,
174	low earners can't afford to take that fifth day off.	低收入者付不起休息的第五天
175	There's a lot of talk these days about the future of work	最近有很多关于工作未来的话题
176	and the opportunities that it offers.	和它提供的机会。
177	But there's more at stake here than opportunity.	但这里的利害关系比机会还严重
178	We have an imperative,	我们有必须的
179	an imperative to face the challenges of our current moment,	面对我们当前的挑战,
180	the pandemic,	流行病,
181	burnout and depression,	燃烧和忧郁,
182	inequalities of race and income,	种族和收入不平等,
183	the climate crisis.	气候危机。
184	A four-day week addresses each one of these.	每周四天讨论每个问题。
185	For now, we're starting company by company.	现在,我们开始连队。
186	But as momentum builds and it becomes universal,	但随着势头的形成,它变得普遍,
187	we'll have made the transition from scarcity thinking	我们会从稀缺的思维中转变
188	to appreciating the true wealth that we possess,	欣赏我们所拥有的财富,
189	our ingenuity,	我们的智慧,
190	our compassion	我们的同情心
191	and our humanity.	以及我们的人性
192	Thank you.	谢谢
193	Julia, thank you so much.	茱莉亚,谢谢你
194	I have a very practical question for you.	我有一个非常实际的问题给你。
195	So you mentioned in the talk that people were taking Friday off.	所以你在谈话中提到人们星期五要休息
196	Is the recommendation that people all take the same day off,	是建议大家同一天休假,
197	or is this something that people can take kind of any day they went off?	或者这是人们随时可以接受的东西?
198	What's the ideal mechanism to have in place here?	这里有什么理想的机制?
199	Every company does it the way that works for them.	每个公司都这样为他们工作
200	And that's one of the things in our trial.	这是我们审判中的事情之一。
201	We do coaching and we work with the companies	我们做教练,和公司合作
202	before they start to figure out,	在他们发现之前
203	are they a company that can shut down for one day?	他们是一家可以关闭一天的公司吗?
204	Do they need to have 24-7 customer service available?	他们是否需要24-7个客户服务?
205	So really, it depends, and we're seeing every type.	所以,真的,它取决于, 我们看到了各种类型。
206	Julia, thank you so much.	茱莉亚,谢谢你
207	Thanks.	谢谢

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