98个人就能重启人类？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Imagine nuclear blasts, asteroids, or alien lasers killed off almost all of the humans on Earth. | 想象一下核爆炸,小行星, 或外星人激光杀死地球上几乎所有的人。 |
| 0:06 | Obviously there would be a bunch of potential post-apocalyptic problems that we would have | 显然会有一堆潜在的 后分析问题 我们会有 |
| 0:11 | to deal with depending on the disaster at hand. | 取决于手头的灾难 |
| 0:13 | Our food supply might be irradiated, | 我们的食物供应可能会被辐照 |
| 0:15 | our atmosphere unbreathable, heck all the planet's water could have boiled away. | 我们的大气是无法呼吸的 地球上所有的水都可能会沸腾 |
| 0:19 | And if any of that stuff happens, we're probably doomed no matter what. | 如果发生这些事,我们可能注定要死 |
| 0:22 | But | 不过 |
| 0:23 | all those problems aside, how many people would it take to actually rebuild a genetically sustainable | 除了所有这些问题, 有多少人需要 重建一个基因可持续 |
| 0:28 | human population after being nearly wiped out? | 人类几乎被消灭了吗? |
| 0:31 | We have some actual science to go on here because | 我们有一些实际的科学 在这里进行,因为 |
展开字幕全文（60 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Imagine nuclear blasts, asteroids, or alien lasers killed off almost all of the humans on Earth. | 想象一下核爆炸,小行星, 或外星人激光杀死地球上几乎所有的人。 |
| 2 | Obviously there would be a bunch of potential post-apocalyptic problems that we would have | 显然会有一堆潜在的 后分析问题 我们会有 |
| 3 | to deal with depending on the disaster at hand. | 取决于手头的灾难 |
| 4 | Our food supply might be irradiated, | 我们的食物供应可能会被辐照 |
| 5 | our atmosphere unbreathable, heck all the planet's water could have boiled away. | 我们的大气是无法呼吸的 地球上所有的水都可能会沸腾 |
| 6 | And if any of that stuff happens, we're probably doomed no matter what. | 如果发生这些事,我们可能注定要死 |
| 7 | But | 不过 |
| 8 | all those problems aside, how many people would it take to actually rebuild a genetically sustainable | 除了所有这些问题, 有多少人需要 重建一个基因可持续 |
| 9 | human population after being nearly wiped out? | 人类几乎被消灭了吗? |
| 10 | We have some actual science to go on here because | 我们有一些实际的科学 在这里进行,因为 |
| 11 | this issue has been considered by two groups of researchers, those who study endangered species | 研究濒危物种的两组研究人员审议了这个问题。 |
| 12 | and those who study space colonization. | 和研究太空殖民者。 |
| 13 | And the big issue here is bad genes. | 最大的问题是坏基因。 |
| 14 | Hi, I'm Cameron and this is Minute Apocalypse. | 嗨,我是卡梅隆 这是一分钟启示录。 |
| 15 | Any given human probably carries recessive genes | 任何给定的人类 都可能携带垂体基因 |
| 16 | for at least one deadly disease or another. | 对至少一种或另一种致命疾病。 |
| 17 | And while a single copy of one of these genes is | 其中一个基因的单拷贝是 |
| 18 | having multiple copies could end up giving you that disease, genetically dooming you. | 有多个拷贝 可能会给你这种疾病, 基因毁灭你。 |
| 19 | And the fewer survivors there are, the smaller the pool of genes will be that future generations | 幸存者越少 基因库就越少 未来几代 |
| 20 | will draw from, increasing a person's chances of getting two copies of the same bad gene. | 增加一个人获得两个相同坏基因的拷贝的机会 |
| 21 | Likewise, the more survivors there are, the more different genes there are, | 同样 幸存者越多 基因就越不同 |
| 22 | and the smaller the chances would be that one would get multiple copies of the same disease | 机会越小 就会得到多个副本 同样的疾病 |
| 23 | So there must be a critical minimum number of survivors. | 因此,必须有一个临界的最低幸存者人数。 |
| 24 | And the space colony scientists have estimated that an off-world founding population would | 太空殖民地的科学家们估计 世界上以外的创始人口 |
| 25 | likely need roughly the population of 11th century London, at least 14,000 people, in order to | 可能需要大约11世纪伦敦的人口,至少14 000人,以便 |
| 26 | maintain a healthy gene pool and to preserve the technological and cultural aspects of society. | 保持一个健康的基因库,并保存社会的技术和文化方面。 |
| 27 | But we want bare bones here, we can worry about redeveloping society and technology later. | 但是,我们想要裸骨在这里, 我们可以担心 重建社会和技术以后。 |
| 28 | If we're only concerned with our species' survival, space colony math suggests that we | 如果我们只关心我们物种的生存, 空间殖民地的数学显示我们 |
| 29 | could get by with roughly 5,000 people. | 大约五千人就能过关 |
| 30 | But about 800,000 years ago, our primate ancestors | 但大约80万年前 我们的灵长类祖先 |
| 31 | actually rebuilt their population from an even smaller number, a breeding pool of around 1,300 | 实际上,重建了他们的人口 数量更少, 繁殖池约1300人 |
| 32 | people. | 人们 |
| 33 | Those people might have gotten away with this at least in part because the group was | 这些人可能已经逃脱了,至少 部分是因为这个团体 |
| 34 | genetically diverse. | 遗传多样性。 |
| 35 | They likely didn't share the same bad genes. | 他们可能不会有同样的坏基因 |
| 36 | And if we were to get really | 如果我们真的 |
| 37 | lucky as far as genes goes, the math suggests we could get by with as few as 150 to 500 survivors, | 幸运的是,就基因而言, 数学显示,我们可以通过 150到500名幸存者, |
| 38 | which is about the number of people on a single commercial airline flight, but that's close to | 这是关于人数 在一个商业航空公司飞行, 但接近 |
| 39 | an absolute minimum. | 绝对最低。 |
| 40 | However, if we could see the apocalypse coming, some scientists argue that we | 然而,如果我们能看到末日来临,一些科学家认为我们 |
| 41 | could get by with a carefully selected, genetically diverse group of as few as 98 people. | 一个精心挑选的 基因多样化的团体 最多只有98人 |
| 42 | And in this | 在这 |
| 43 | scenario, all the survivors would have to be at reproductive age, and they'd need to be managed | 假设,所有幸存者必须处于生育年龄, 他们需要被管理 |
| 44 | by a strict set of reproductive rules that ensures they only mate with the most distantly | 一套严格的生殖规则 保证他们只和最远的人交配 |
| 45 | related member of the population. | 相关人口。 |
| 46 | This basically is how zoos run breeding programs for endangered | 这就是动物园如何为濒危动物 实施繁殖计划 |
| 47 | species, one of which rehabilitated the black-footed ferret population from just 24 surviving animals. | 其中之一是从仅24只幸存的动物身上 恢复了黑脚雪貂种群 |
| 48 | This scenario raises a mind-boggling number of ethical questions, but theoretically it | 这种情景引起了许多令人发指的道德问题,但理论上 |
| 49 | could work. | 能够工作。 |
| 50 | And if you want to get really technical, we could restart society with one survivor. | 如果你想得到真正的技术, 我们可以重新开始社会 一个幸存者。 |
| 51 | We | 我们 |
| 52 | would just really have to plan ahead. | 只能提前计划 |
| 53 | Like, if before the apocalypse even happens we create a | 就像,如果在启示录发生之前 我们创造了一个 |
| 54 | bank of frozen fertilized embryos that the lone survivor could give birth to, we'd have plenty | 冷冻的胚胎 孤独的存活者可以生下来 我们有很多 |
| 55 | of genetic diversity to stave off the bad gene problem. | 遗传多样性可以避免坏基因问题 |
| 56 | This scenario is obviously also ethically | 这显然也是道德问题 |
| 57 | fraught, but theoretically it's possible, and it would take only around 420 years to get back to | 但理论上是可能的 只需要420年的时间 |
| 58 | our current population size. | 我们目前的人口规模。 |
| 59 | So yes, with a lot of planning, we could restart humanity with just | 所以,是的,在很多计划, 我们可以重启人性与正义 |
| 60 | one person, but let's not build nuclear bombs this time, alright? | 但这次不要制造核弹,好吗? |
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