动物也会疼哭？真相扎心了

发布于 2026-05-29 · 时长 4:39

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	Humans know the surprising prick of a needle, the searing pain of a stubbed toe, and the	人类知道针刺的惊人之处刺伤脚趾的刺痛
0:06	throbbing of a toothache.	牙痛一阵
0:08	We can identify many types of pain and have multiple ways of treating it.	我们可以辨别多种类型的疼痛,并有多种治疗方法.
0:12	But what about other species?	但其他物种呢?
0:15	How do the animals all around us experience pain?	我们周围的动物是怎么经历痛苦的?
0:19	It's important that we find out.	这很重要,我们要知道。
0:21	We keep animals as pets, they enrich our environment, we farm many species for food, and we use	我们把动物当作宠物, 它们丰富我们的环境, 我们养殖许多物种作为食物,
0:27	them in experiments to advance science and human health.	在实验中推进科学和人类健康。
0:31	Animals are clearly important to us, so it's equally important that we avoid causing them	动物显然对我们很重要所以我们同样重要的是要避免引起它们
0:35	unnecessary pain.	不必要的痛苦。

展开字幕全文（68 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Humans know the surprising prick of a needle, the searing pain of a stubbed toe, and the	人类知道针刺的惊人之处刺伤脚趾的刺痛
2	throbbing of a toothache.	牙痛一阵
3	We can identify many types of pain and have multiple ways of treating it.	我们可以辨别多种类型的疼痛,并有多种治疗方法.
4	But what about other species?	但其他物种呢?
5	How do the animals all around us experience pain?	我们周围的动物是怎么经历痛苦的?
6	It's important that we find out.	这很重要,我们要知道。
7	We keep animals as pets, they enrich our environment, we farm many species for food, and we use	我们把动物当作宠物, 它们丰富我们的环境, 我们养殖许多物种作为食物,
8	them in experiments to advance science and human health.	在实验中推进科学和人类健康。
9	Animals are clearly important to us, so it's equally important that we avoid causing them	动物显然对我们很重要所以我们同样重要的是要避免引起它们
10	unnecessary pain.	不必要的痛苦。
11	For animals that are similar to us, like mammals, it's often obvious when they're hurting.	对于和我们相似的动物来说,像哺乳动物一样,伤害时往往很明显.
12	But there's a lot that isn't obvious, like whether pain relievers that work on us also	但是很多事情并不明显,比如减轻我们痛苦的药剂
13	help them.	帮助他们
14	And the more different an animal is from us, the harder it is to understand their experience.	动物越与我们不同,就越难理解他们的经验。
15	How do you tell whether a shrimp is in pain?	如何分辨虾子是否痛?
16	A snake?	一条蛇?
17	A snail?	蜗牛?
18	In vertebrates, including humans, pain can be split into two distinct processes.	在脊椎动物中,包括人类,疼痛可以分为两个截然不同的过程.
19	In the first, nerves in the skin sense something harmful and communicate that information to	首先,皮肤神经感知到一些有害的东西,并将这些信息传递给
20	the spinal cord.	脊髓
21	There, motor neurons activate movements that make us rapidly jerk away from the threat.	在那里,运动神经元激活移动使我们迅速摆脱威胁。
22	This is the physical recognition of harm, called nociception.	这是对伤害的物理识别,称为鼻吸.
23	And nearly all animals, even those with very simple nervous systems, experience it.	几乎所有的动物,即使是那些神经系统非常简单的动物,都会经历它。
24	Without this ability, animals would be unable to avoid harm, and their survival would be threatened.	没有这种能力,动物就无法避免伤害,它们的生存也会受到威胁.
25	The second part is the conscious recognition of harm.	第二部分是自觉承认损害。
26	In humans, this occurs when the sensory neurons in our skin make a second round of connections,	在人类中,当我们皮肤中的感官神经元进行第二轮连接时,
27	via the spinal cord to the brain.	通过脊髓到大脑。
28	There, millions of neurons in multiple regions create the sensations of pain.	在那里,多个地区的数百万神经元产生疼痛的感觉.
29	For us, this is a very complex experience, associated with emotions like fear, panic,	对我们来说,这是一个非常复杂的经历, 与情绪有关,如恐惧,恐慌,
30	and stress, which we can communicate to others.	和压力,我们可以与其他人沟通。
31	But it's harder to know exactly how animals experience this part of the process, because	但更难知道动物是如何经历这部分过程,因为
32	most of them can't show us what they feel.	他们大多不能告诉我们他们的感受。
33	However, we get clues from observing how animals behave.	然而,我们从观察动物的行为中获得线索。
34	Wild, hurt animals are known to nurse their wounds, make noises to show their distress,	野生的,受伤的动物已知会抚育他们的伤口, 制造噪音来显示他们的烦恼,
35	and become reclusive.	并变得隐蔽。
36	In the lab, scientists have discovered that animals like chickens and rats will self-administer	在实验室,科学家发现,像鸡和老鼠这样的动物会自我管理
37	to pain-reducing drugs if they're hurting.	减少疼痛的药物,如果他们伤害。
38	Animals also avoid situations where they've been hurt before, which suggests awareness	动物也避免了以前受伤的情况这说明他们意识到
39	of threats.	威胁。
40	We've reached the point that research has made us so sure that vertebrates recognize	我们已经到了研究的地步使得脊椎动物认识到
41	pain that it's illegal in many countries to needlessly harm these animals.	痛苦的是,在许多国家,不必要地伤害这些动物是非法的。
42	But what about other types of animals, like invertebrates?	但是其他种类的动物呢,比如无脊椎动物?
43	These animals aren't legally protected, partly because their behaviors are harder to read.	这些动物没有受到法律保护,部分原因是他们的行为更难阅读.
44	We can make good guesses about some of them, like oysters, worms, and jellyfish.	我们可以很好地猜测其中的一些, 比如牡蛎,蠕虫,水母。
45	These are examples of animals that either lack a brain or have a very simple one.	这些是动物缺乏大脑或非常简单的例子。
46	So an oyster may recoil when squirted with lemon juice, for instance, because of no suception.	因此,牡蛎在用柠檬汁浇灌时可能会后坐,例如,因为没有吸积.
47	But with such a simple nervous system, it's unlikely to experience the conscious part	但是,有了这么简单的神经系统, 它不可能经历意识的部分
48	of pain.	痛苦的记忆
49	Other invertebrate animals are more complicated, though, like the octopus, which has a sophisticated	其他无脊椎动物更复杂,虽然, 像章鱼,它有一个复杂的
50	brain and is thought to be one of the most intelligent invertebrate animals.	大脑被认为是最聪明的无脊椎动物之一.
51	Yet, in many countries, people continue the practice of eating live octopus.	然而,在许多国家,人们继续吃活的章鱼。
52	We also boil live crayfish, shrimp, and crabs, even though we don't really know how they're	我们还煮活鱼、虾和螃蟹虽然我们不知道它们是什么
53	affected either.	也受到影响。
54	This poses an ethical problem, because we may be causing these animals unnecessary suffering.	这造成了道德问题,因为我们可能给这些动物带来不必要的痛苦.
55	Scientific experimentation, though controversial, gives us some clues.	科学实验虽然有争议,但给我们提供了一些线索.
56	Tests on hermit crabs show that they'll leave an undesirable shell if they're zapped with	对隐士蟹的检测显示,如果它们被缠住,它们会留下一个不受欢迎的壳.
57	electricity, but stay if it's a good shell.	电力,但如果它是一个好的壳。
58	And octopi that might originally curl up an injured arm to protect it will risk using	原本会卷起受伤的手臂来保护它的 octopi 将冒着使用
59	it to catch prey.	捕捉猎物。
60	That suggests that these animals make value judgments around sensory input instead of	这意味着这些动物围绕感官输入进行价值判断而不是
61	just reacting reflexively to harm.	只是反应反射伤害。
62	Meanwhile, crabs have been known to repeatedly rub a spot on their bodies where they've	同时,人们知道螃蟹在身体上反复涂抹斑点
63	received an electric shock.	受到电击
64	And even sea slugs flinch when they know they're about to receive a noxious stimulus.	即使是海弹,当他们知道他们即将得到有毒刺激。
65	That means they have some memory of physical sensations.	这意味着他们有一些记忆身体的感觉。
66	We still have a lot to learn about animal pain.	我们仍然有很多关于动物痛苦的知识。
67	As our knowledge grows, it may one day allow us to live in a world where we don't cause	随着我们知识的增长,它也许有一天会让我们生活在一个我们不导致的世界上
68	pain needlessly.	无谓的疼痛。

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