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体育场食品为何贵得离谱?揭秘垄断定价

体育场食品为何贵得离谱?揭秘垄断定价

体育场食品为何贵得离谱?揭秘垄断定价

发布于 2026-07-26 · 时长 16:34

字幕摘录

时间英文中文
0:01I'm at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles and I just paid $7.99 for this hot dog from Processions.我在洛杉矶的道奇体育场 我刚付了7.99美元 买这只来自游行队的热狗
0:08But less than a mile away, I could get a nearly identical one for just $2.29.但离我不到一英里 我只要2.29美元就能得到一个几乎一样的
0:14That means I'm paying 249% more at the stadium.这意味着我在体育场多付249%
0:16And it's not just hot dogs.不只是热狗
0:17A 24-ounce beer at一瓶24盎司的啤酒在
0:22the stadium costs nearly 92% more than it would at a bar down the street.体育场比街上的酒吧要贵92%
0:27And this burger costs这个汉堡要花很多钱
0:29nearly 70% more than it would at a restaurant in the same neighborhood.比在同一个街区的一家餐馆多70%
0:37Last year, I paid $11 for a bottle of water at a Lakers game.去年,我花了11美元 在湖人比赛中喝一瓶水。
0:42Instead of just accepting it,而不是仅仅接受它,
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序号英文中文
1I'm at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles and I just paid $7.99 for this hot dog from Processions.我在洛杉矶的道奇体育场 我刚付了7.99美元 买这只来自游行队的热狗
2But less than a mile away, I could get a nearly identical one for just $2.29.但离我不到一英里 我只要2.29美元就能得到一个几乎一样的
3That means I'm paying 249% more at the stadium.这意味着我在体育场多付249%
4And it's not just hot dogs.不只是热狗
5A 24-ounce beer at一瓶24盎司的啤酒在
6the stadium costs nearly 92% more than it would at a bar down the street.体育场比街上的酒吧要贵92%
7And this burger costs这个汉堡要花很多钱
8nearly 70% more than it would at a restaurant in the same neighborhood.比在同一个街区的一家餐馆多70%
9Last year, I paid $11 for a bottle of water at a Lakers game.去年,我花了11美元 在湖人比赛中喝一瓶水。
10Instead of just accepting it,而不是仅仅接受它,
11I asked a simple question.我问了一个简单的问题。
12Why?为什么?
13What I found was that most stadiums use a kind of monopoly power.我发现大多数体育场都使用某种垄断力量。
14There are 39 places to buy food at Dodger Stadium, but they're all operated by,道奇体育场有39个买菜的地方 但都是由...
15or in partnership with, one company.或者和一个公司合伙
16The thing is, fans helped pay for most of the stadiums across the U.S. with their taxes.问题是,球迷帮助支付 大部分球场 横跨美国
17And it's that fact that could be the key to stopping stadium food from being so expensive正是这个事实 可能是阻止体育场食物如此昂贵的关键
18in the future.未来
19In my search to understand how we got to $8 hot dogs,为了了解我们怎么拿到八块热狗
20I found three turning points that transformed stadium operations into many monopolies.我发现三个转折点 将体育场的运营 变成了许多垄断。
21First, the rise of the all-powerful concessionaire.一,万能特许经营者的崛起.
22America's earliest stadiums didn't have dozens of concession stands like today.美国最早的体育场没有像今天这样的数十个特许站.
23Instead, independent vendors would flock to games and sell snacks like popcorn, peanuts, and, of相反,独立销售商会聚集到游戏中,销售爆米花、花生等小吃,以及
24course, hot dogs.当然,热狗。
25Those vendors set their own prices.这些供应商自行定价。
26It wasn't until the late 1800s that直到1800年代后期才开始
27independent vendors began consolidating into larger concession businesses and signing exclusive独立供应商开始合并为更大的特许经营企业并签署独家合同
28contracts with stadiums or teams.与体育场或球队签订合同。
29So instead of multiple independent vendors, only one vendor因此,与多个独立供应商相比,只有一个供应商
30or company would be allowed to sell food at a given stadium.或者公司可以在特定体育场出售食物。
31This significantly limited这明显有限
32vendor competition.供应商竞争。
33They were able to knit together their contracts at several stadiums他们能在几个体育场把合同拼凑在一起
34and arenas that happened to be in the same market.和竞技场 碰巧在同一市场。
35So it would be very typical for one因此,这将是非常典型的一个人
36vendor to specialize in a particular area of the country, like in the Northeast.专门从事全国某一地区的销售商,如东北地区。
37For example, a concessionaire named Harry M. Stevens founded Harry M. Stevens, Inc.,例如,一个名叫哈里·M·史蒂文斯的特许经营者成立了哈里·M·史蒂文斯股份有限公司,
38a company that provided concessions to three of New York's major league teams at the time,一家为当时纽约三支主要联赛球队提供优惠的公司,
39the Yankees, Giants, and the Dodgers.洋基队,巨人队,还有道奇队
40He would establish his pricing based on a cut.他将按削减定价。
41So if a hot dog was 10 cents, then he would get the cut of that hot dog.所以,如果热狗是10美分, 那么他会得到那热狗的切。
42They actually became much他们真的变得很多
43more sophisticated before the teams themselves became stadium operators.在球队自己成为球场运营商之前 更精密一些
44Even with less即使少一点
45competition, from the 1950s to the 70s, prices stayed low.从20世纪50年代到70年代,价格一直很低。
46For example, at Brooklyn's Ebbets Field例如在布鲁克林的Ebbets球场
47in 1956, a hot dog and a beer cost 60 cents total, roughly seven dollars to seven dollars and fifty在1956年,热狗和啤酒 共花费60美分,大约7美元到7美元和50美元
48cents in today's money.今钱中分.
49Two decades later, that price hadn't moved much.20年后,这个价格并没有多少变动.
50In 1976, a hot dog and1976年,一个热狗和
51a beer sold for a dollar and 25 cents at Queen's Shea Stadium, or about seven dollars and 53 cents在皇后谢亚体育场以1美元和25美分的价格售出的啤酒,或约7美元和53美分
52today.今时.
53Nobody was trying to get rich running these venues.没人想让有钱人管理这些场地
54They were simply trying to provide他们只是想提供
55an amenity for the folks who were coming to the venue.给那些来会场的人的安乐
56Most stadiums still follow this大部分球场都跟着这个
57concessions model.减让模式。
58Like I mentioned, there are 39 different restaurants at Dodger Stadium,如我所说,道奇体育场有39家不同的餐厅,
59but their prices are all set by or in conjunction with Levy Restaurants, which has provided all the但价格由Levy餐厅确定或与这些餐厅共同确定。
60concessions for the stadium since 2005.体育场自2005年起获得优惠.
61And it wouldn't be long before concession companies不久后 特许公司就会成立
62and teams wanted to cash in.和团队想要兑现。
63That leads us to the second shift, one in ownership.这导致我们进入第二个转变,即当家作主。
64Before the 80s, most US stadiums were owned and operated by local governments, which meant在80年代之前,大多数美国体育场由地方政府拥有和运营,这意味着
65cities got a share of the profits from food sales.城市从食品销售中获得一定份额的利润.
66But by the time the 90s rolled around,但到了90年代时
67many US stadiums were in need of major facelifts.许多美国体育场需要大举举举目。
68In that decade alone, 95 new sports venues were仅在这十年里,就有95个新的体育场地
69either built, renovated, under construction, or in the planning stages.或建造、翻新、正在建造,或处于规划阶段。
70This transition wasn't cheap.这种过渡不便宜.
71The average cost of building a sports facility rose from $3.8 million in the 1950s建造体育设施的平均费用从1950年代的380万美元上升
72to $200 million in the 90s.90年代的两亿美元
73To get these expensive construction projects done,为了完成这些昂贵的建筑项目
74teams started contributing financially to the stadium's construction.球队开始为体育场的建设捐款.
75While they weren't虽然他们不是
76paying for all of the venue, they were typically in for estimates would say about 40%支付所有场地, 他们通常在估算 大约40%
77of the cost of building the venue on average.平均建造场地的费用。
78Take the Baltimore Orioles, who contributed $9带巴尔的摩奥里奥斯,谁贡献9美元
79million to the construction of luxury skyboxes at Camden Yards.在卡姆登场建造豪华天窗
80And during the construction of在建造期间
81the Seattle Mariners Ballpark in 1999, the team contributed $145 million toward the $517 million1999年西雅图海军陆战队球场 球队向5.17亿美元捐款1.45亿美元
82With bigger investments came a new type of contract.随着投资的增加,出现了一种新型合同。
83Take a look at this lease agreement看这个租借协议
84between Yankee Stadium and the New York City Industrial Development Agency.在扬基体育场和纽约市工业发展局之间.
85Under this agreement,根据该协议,
86signed in 2006, the Yankees manage and control the stadium's operations, keeping all revenues洋基队在2006年签约 管理并控制了体育场的运营 保留了所有的收入
87derived from concessions facilities.特许权设施。
88Essentially, sports teams said, if we're going to help build基本上,体育队说, 如果我们要帮助建设
89and operate the stadiums, we want all or at least most of the profits.我们想要所有或至少大部分的利润
90And this is when we start to这才是我们开始
91see the steady increase in concessions pricing.特许权价格稳步上升。
92Across the NFL, the average price of a 16-ounce整个NFL的平均价格是16盎司
93domestic beer was about $10.96 in 2025.2025年国内啤酒约为10.96美元.
94That year, the most expensive one sold for $16.99那年最贵的卖了16.99美元
95at Northwest Stadium, home of the Washington Commanders.在西北体育场,华盛顿指挥官的家。
96To put that into context, this 12-pack说到背景 这12包
97of 16-ounce beer cost me $14 or roughly $1.17 per bottle.16盎司啤酒花了我14美元或约1.17美元每瓶。
98I went to Dodger Stadium to see我去道奇体育场看
99just how much a single day at the park would cost me.公园一天要花多少钱?
100I have the Dodger dog and a bottle of water.我有条道奇狗和一瓶水
101It's pretty good.这是相当好的。
102Worth $8?值8块?
103I don't think so.亦不见.
104Hi, can I get the Stella and then嗨,我可以得到斯特拉 然后
105um, do you guys have the Dodgeritas here?嗯,你们有 道奇瑞塔斯在这里?
106Two drinks are $60.两杯是60美元。
107In total, I spent over $100 at the park for a hot dog,我总共花了100多美元在公园买热狗
108a burger, and a few drinks.汉堡和几杯酒
109And I'm not alone.我也不是一个人
110How much do you think you spent on concessions,你认为你花了多少 在特许,
111food and drink today?今天吃喝吗?
112Around $250.大约250美元。
113Seven to eight drinks and then we got the helmet and nachos七到八杯 然后我们拿到头盔和玉米片
114and that's about it.就是这样
115That's a lot of drinks are a lot.饮酒甚多.
116How much did you spend on like你花多少钱像
117drinks in total?总共喝一杯?
118Yeah, I probably had four or five, maybe a hundred bucks.是啊,我大概有四五块,也许一百块。
119Realistically, I spent like $66.实际上,我花了大约66美元。
120Essentially, we're paying for the contracts because you're基本上,我们支付合同 因为你
121paying $45 for parking and then $26 for beer.停车费45美元,啤酒26美元
122How much did you spend你花了多少钱
123on concessions, food and drink at the stadium today?今天在体育场吃喝吗?
124About like $350, probably $4.大约350美元 大概4美元
125Do you come to the games a lot?你经常来看比赛吗?
126No, that's why, girl.不,这就是原因,女孩。
127If I come a lot,如果我经常来
128I'm getting that s*** in my purse.我钱包里有这个
129Technically, she could bring in her own snacks.从技术上讲,她可以自己带点心来
130Dodger Stadium, along with most MLB stadiums, allow outside food and non-alcoholic drinks,道奇体育场,以及大多数MLB体育场, 允许外面的食物和非酒精饮料,
131but baseball stadiums are an outlier.但棒球场是场外比赛
132That's because other major league sports like the NFL,这是因为其他主要的联盟运动 比如NFL,
133NBA and NHL generally restrict outside food and drinks.NBA和NHL一般限制外面的食物和饮料.
134This lack of competition turns spectators缺乏竞争就成了观众
135into a captive audience.被俘虏的观众。
136We've made it to the third shift in the case of stadiums.体育场办案成功进入第三班.
137You have thousands of fans in your venue for say a two to three hour window where the only items你场上有成千上万的粉丝 说只有两到三个小时的窗户
138that are available for them to purchase as amenities are items that you control the price of.作为福利设施可供他们购买的物品,是你们控制价格的物品。
139Stadiums aren't the only places with a captive audience.体育场不是唯一有俘虏观众的地方.
140You've probably experienced this before,你可能以前有过这样的经历
141at the airport.在机场。
142But there's one key difference.但有一个关键区别。
143At most major US airports, there are rules that在大多数美国主要机场, 有一些规则
144keep food prices in check.控制粮食价格。
145Local airport authorities can cap how much an airport can charge当地机场当局可以限制机场的收费金额
146under a policy called Street Pricing Plus.依据一项名为"街头定价附加"的政策.
147For example, in the New York area, if this chocolate例如,在纽约,如果这个巧克力
148bar costs an average of $8.27 on the outside, airports can only charge that street price机场只能收取街道价格
149plus a 15% upcharge, capping the price at $9.51.加15%的加价 最高价9.51美元
150You can take a look at our So Expensive episode你可以看一看我们这么贵的一集
151about airport food to see how difficult it is to enforce Street Pricing Plus, but at least there关于机场食品,看看 执行街价加价有多难, 但至少在那里
152is a policy in place.这是一项既定的政策。
153And right now, New York lawmakers are trying to implement something而现在,纽约的立法者 试图执行一些
154similar for stadiums.类似体育场。
155The Fair Concession Pricing Act.《公平特许权定价法》。
156The bill would allow venues to charge a该法案允许场地收取
157maximum of 20% above street prices for food and non-alcoholic beverages.食品和非酒精饮料最高高于街头价格20%。
158To really understand how要真正理解如何
159我和纽约州参议员April Baskin谈过了
160Hot dog for sale.热狗卖.
161If the 10-mile radius around the arena has establishments that have hot dogs如果竞技场周围的10英里半径有热狗
162that are priced at $5, that means that in the arena, the hot dog cannot be any more than $6.价格为5美元,这意味着在竞技场上,热狗不能超过6美元。
163One of the main arguments for implementing street price for airport food is that it's sold to a实施机场食品街头价格的主要论点之一是,它被卖给了...
164captive audience.俘虏观众.
165Since that's also the case for stadiums, it should be pretty easy to enforce因为体育场也是这样 应该很容易执行
166street pricing, right?街价,对不对?
167Not exactly.不尽然
168The difference between an airport and a stadium is that while机场和体育场的区别在于
169airports are well understood to be pieces of public infrastructure, even if the stadium is机场被很好地理解为公共基础设施的碎片,即使体育场是
170publicly owned in full or in part, there is a legal argument that can be made that if the stadium完全或部分公有,可以提出法律论点,即如果体育场
171is privately operated, that once one enters into the building, then it becomes a private environment.私人经营,一旦进入大楼,它就会成为一个私人环境。
172Judith is right.朱迪思说得对
173Aguardia Airport, for example, is run by the Port Authority of New York and New例如,Aguardia机场由纽约和纽约港务局管理。
174Jersey, while Yankee Stadium is operated by, well, the Yankees.泽西,洋基体育场由洋基队运营
175But that's why New York State plans但这就是为什么纽约州计划
176on getting creative.创造力。
177For example, when Yankee Stadium was built in 2009, the total cost was例如,2009年洋基体育场建成时,总成本为:
178about $2.3 billion.大约23亿美元。
179But about $1.2 billion of that came from public subsidies and city tax breaks.但其中约12亿美元来自公共补贴和城市减税。
180The team also doesn't have to pay property taxes because the stadium was built on publicly owned球队也不必交地产税 因为体育场是公有的
181land.陆地。
182The Fair Concession Pricing Act would require stadiums that receive any taxpayer money《公平特许权定价法》要求体育场收取任何纳税人的钱
183to adhere to street pricing plus 20%.坚持街道定价加20%。
184If a stadium violated the rule, it would risk losing tax如果一个体育场违反规则, 可能会失去税收
185exemptions, face fines up to $10,000, and have to repay a portion of the public funds they receive.免税,罚款最高可达10 000美元,并须偿还其收到的部分公共资金。
186Historically, public investment in stadiums was based on the premise that stadiums would provide从历史上看,对体育场的公共投资是基于体育场将提供
187economic benefits to surrounding communities.给周边社区带来经济利益。
188But experts aren't so sure that's the case.但专家不这么确定
189In one在一个
190survey from 2017, 80% of economists agreed that stadium subsidies cost taxpayers more than the80%的经济学家同意体育场补贴使纳税人付出的代价高于
191benefits.福利。
192When local governments make these types of investments, they have to also think about当地方政府进行这类投资时,它们还必须考虑
193the cost burden on the people.给人民带来成本负担。
194Not just the investment, but even afterwards, after the不只是投资,甚至之后,之后
195investment, people are still spending their money.投资,人们仍在花钱。
196Another bill called the Honest Oversight of Ticketed另一法案叫做"对罚单的诚实监督"
197Dining and Onside Grub Act, or Hot Dog Act, would direct the FTC to study stadium concession餐饮和内侧格鲁布法案,或热狗法案,将指示FTC学习体育场特许权.
198prices nationwide and recommend ways to make them more affordable.(c) 在全国范围内实行价格,并就如何使价格更低廉提出建议。
199You get a price, you know, $16你得到一个价格,你知道,16美元
200for a beer, and you have no idea how that money is being chopped up and where it's going.你根本不知道那笔钱是怎么被砍掉的 也不知它会去哪里
201We need to我们需要
202make sure that the corporations in this country are not squeezing every single extra dollar确保这个国家的公司不会挤压每一个额外的美元
203off of the consumers' backs.远离消费者的背部。
204Both the Fair Concession Pricing Act and the Hot Dog Act《公平特许权定价法》和《热狗法》
205are currently active, but neither has been passed into law yet.目前仍在开展活动,但两者都尚未通过成为法律。
206These proposals are meant to force这些建议旨在迫使
207the hands of teams and stadium operators.团队和体育场运营商的手。
208But I was surprised to find at least one stadium making但我惊讶地发现至少有一个体育场
209a change on its own.独自改变
210And it says it's working for the stadium and fans.并称其为体育场和球迷效力.
211When Mercedes-Benz Stadium当奔驰体育场
2122017年在亚特兰大开机,推出名为"Fan First Pricing"的游戏.
213It's a model that这是一个模型,
214prices concessions at or near what you'd pay on the street, like $2 hot dogs and $5 beers.价格减让 或接近 你支付在街道上, 像2美元热狗和5啤酒。
215We took those core items and made sure that they were available at what we call street pricing.我们拿走了这些核心物品,确保这些物品可以按我们所说的街价购买。
216If you could go outside the venue and get a Coca-Cola, you know, for $3, then we expect如果你能出去买可口可乐,你知道的,3美元,那么我们期望
217to be $3 inside the stadium.体育场里有3美元
218With cheaper concessions, you would think the stadium would用便宜的优惠,你会认为体育场
219make less money, right?赚的钱少了吧?
220Actually, the opposite happened.实际上,情况正好相反。
221The stadium says fans spent 16%球场说球迷花了16%
222more on food and drink, and it saw a 30% increase in total transactions.更多的食物和饮料, 它看到总交易增加了30%。
223Overall,总体而言,
224spending also increased by 20%.支出也增加了20%。
225Speaking with Tim made me realize just how much concession prices和蒂姆说话让我意识到 优惠价格有多高
226influenced the fan experience.影响了粉丝的经历.
227They have the freedom to further invest, if you will,他们有进一步投资的自由 如果你愿意的话
228in the experience.在经验。
229That ultimately results in hats being purchased or a jersey being purchased这最终导致买帽子或买球衣
230or other items within the experience now going into the basket, if you will.或经验中的其他东西 现在进入篮子,如果你愿意。
231The model we have我们的模型
232in place leaves people feeling more valued and feeling more fulfilled.使人们感到更加珍视和满足。
233And then yet when they然后当他们
234leave the venue, oftentimes, they have taken or purchased more things, but do so in a manner经常离开会场 他们拿走或购买了更多的东西 但这样做的方式
235where they're like, wow, I got a lot more for my money.他们喜欢的地方,哇, 我得到了很多我的钱。
236Tim says the fan-first pricing model hasTim说粉丝的第一定价模式
237also caught the attention of other stadiums.还引起了其他体育场的注意.
238It can be done in full scale like us, or it might它可以像我们一样全面完成,或者它可能
239be as simple as a fan-friendly meal pack.和粉丝友好的餐包一样简单
240So with everything I've learned, the only question left is,所以,我学到的一切, 唯一的问题是,
241will anything actually lower the price of a stadium hot dog?体育场热狗的价格会降低吗?
242The answer depends on who you答案取决于你是谁
243ask.问。
244For State Senator Baskin and Congressman Goldman, these bills are a step in the right对于州参议员巴斯金和国会议员戈尔德曼来说 这些法案是右边的一步
245direction.向上转
246We need to push forward and make sure that the consumer's rights are front and center.要深入推进,切实把消费者权益放在首位和中心.
247And that's why we are pushing forward with this bill.这就是为什么我们要推进这个法案。
248And at a minimum, there's a lot of transparency起码,透明度很高
249and there's more data that we can study and learn more about this.还有更多的数据,我们可以研究 和学习更多关于这一点。
250How realistic is it for it to多么现实啊
251become an actual law?成为真正的法律?
252The success of all of these bills really depends on the people所有这些法案的成功与否,真正取决于人民
253and how much they push people like myself and my colleagues to get it over the finish line.以及他们如何推动像我和我同事这样的人 让它超越终点线。
254When we agitate the consumers and remind them how much of their hard-earned tax dollars went当我们激怒消费者,提醒他们 他们辛苦赚来的税钱去了多少
255in to creating that arena or that stadium, it will help them connect the dots.在创建竞技场或体育场时,它会帮助他们连接点。
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