宇航服简直就是人类工业奇迹
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:02 | This is astronaut Bruce McCandless. | 这是宇航员布鲁斯·麦坎德斯 |
| 0:05 | He is floating, alone, above the Earth, hundreds of feet away from his crew, with nothing to | 他独自漂浮在地球上空 离他的船员数百英尺远 |
| 0:11 | keep him alive but one incredible piece of technology. | 保持他的生命,但 一个令人难以置信的技术。 |
| 0:16 | His space suit. | 他的太空装 |
| 0:18 | For decades, NASA has been sending people out into the most inhospitable, unsurvivable | 几十年来,美国航天局一直在送人 进入最不适宜, 无法生存 |
| 0:23 | environment we have ever encountered, the vacuum of space. | 我们曾经遇到过的环境,太空的真空。 |
| 0:28 | That's only possible thanks to these multiple layers of protection that essentially build | 这只能归功于这些多层次的保护 基本上建立 |
| 0:32 | a human-shaped spacecraft around our astronaut's body, and after you see how this all works | 在我们的宇航员身体周围 一个人类形状的飞船, 在你看到这一切如何运作之后 |
| 0:38 | together, you'll never look at a spacewalk the same way again. | 在一起,你再也不会以同样的方式看待太空行走了 |
| 0:43 | Now before we can build our space suit, we need to understand the dangers that our astronaut | 在建造太空服之前 我们要了解太空人的危险 |
展开字幕全文（264 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | This is astronaut Bruce McCandless. | 这是宇航员布鲁斯·麦坎德斯 |
| 2 | He is floating, alone, above the Earth, hundreds of feet away from his crew, with nothing to | 他独自漂浮在地球上空 离他的船员数百英尺远 |
| 3 | keep him alive but one incredible piece of technology. | 保持他的生命,但 一个令人难以置信的技术。 |
| 4 | His space suit. | 他的太空装 |
| 5 | For decades, NASA has been sending people out into the most inhospitable, unsurvivable | 几十年来,美国航天局一直在送人 进入最不适宜, 无法生存 |
| 6 | environment we have ever encountered, the vacuum of space. | 我们曾经遇到过的环境,太空的真空。 |
| 7 | That's only possible thanks to these multiple layers of protection that essentially build | 这只能归功于这些多层次的保护 基本上建立 |
| 8 | a human-shaped spacecraft around our astronaut's body, and after you see how this all works | 在我们的宇航员身体周围 一个人类形状的飞船, 在你看到这一切如何运作之后 |
| 9 | together, you'll never look at a spacewalk the same way again. | 在一起,你再也不会以同样的方式看待太空行走了 |
| 10 | Now before we can build our space suit, we need to understand the dangers that our astronaut | 在建造太空服之前 我们要了解太空人的危险 |
| 11 | needs to be protected against. | 需要加以保护。 |
| 12 | What exposure to outer space can do to a person. | 暴露在外太空对一个人有什么好处。 |
| 13 | The terrifying thing about leaving the Earth is that we also leave behind all of the necessities | 离开地球的可怕之处在于 我们还留下所有必需品 |
| 14 | of life. | 生命中最伟大的生命 |
| 15 | Like air, for example. | 比如说空气 |
| 16 | We need that to breathe, and at home, the majority of our air is made of two key ingredients. | 我们需要呼吸,而在国内,我们的大部分空气由两种关键成分组成。 |
| 17 | Nitrogen and oxygen. | 氮与氧. |
| 18 | But oxygen is the most important one. | 但是氧气是最重要的 |
| 19 | Without that, you suffocate. | 没有它,你就窒息。 |
| 20 | This should be fairly obvious, but something you might not think about as much is pressure. | 这应该相当明显,但你可能没有想到的就是压力。 |
| 21 | The air that surrounds us needs to be pressurized. | 我们周围的空气需要加压。 |
| 22 | At roughly sea level, meaning not on a mountain, the Earth has 14.7 psi of air pressure. | 在大致海平面上,意思不是在山上,地球有14.7 psi的气压. |
| 23 | If you go to the top of Mount Everest, that pressure drops to around 5 psi. | 如果你去珠穆朗玛峰顶部, 压力会降到5磅左右。 |
| 24 | And we know that people who climb up there almost always need to bring extra bottles | 我们知道爬上去的人 几乎总是需要多带瓶子 |
| 25 | of oxygen to breathe, otherwise they get sick and delirious, and end up contributing to | 含氧呼吸,否则会生病和失常,最终导致 |
| 26 | the large number of frozen bodies on the side of the mountain. | 山边有大量冰冻的尸体 |
| 27 | The peak of Everest is about 9 kilometers above sea level. | 珠穆朗玛峰海拔约9公里. |
| 28 | Our friend Bruce from before in his spacesuit was about 275 kilometers above the surface. | 我们以前的朋友布鲁斯 穿着他的太空服 在地表275公里外 |
| 29 | Up here, the pressure drops down to zero, or about as close to zero as you can get, | 在这里,压力下降到0, 或者接近0,你可以得到, |
| 30 | and the effects of this on the human body go way beyond feeling lightheaded. | 而这对人体的影响 远不止是轻而易举的感觉 |
| 31 | So let's take a look at what would happen to a person outside of a spacesuit. | 让我们看看太空服之外的人会发生什么事 |
| 32 | In the vacuum of space, all liquids will instantly boil. | 在太空的真空中,所有液体都会立即沸腾. |
| 33 | Not because they get hot, it's because there's nothing holding the molecules together, so | 不是因为他们变热了 而是因为没有东西能把分子拉在一起 |
| 34 | they vaporize and expand out into a gas. | 蒸发后膨胀成气体 |
| 35 | People are mostly made of liquid, so with zero pressure holding you together, the body | 人大多是液态的,所以没有压力 让你在一起,身体 |
| 36 | would rapidly expand to about double its normal size. | 将会迅速扩张到两倍左右的正常体积。 |
| 37 | Pretty gross. | 真恶心 |
| 38 | But that's made worse by the temperature problem. | 但温度问题更糟糕了 |
| 39 | Most people think that in space, you would freeze solid, but that is not always the case. | 大多数人认为,在太空中,你会冻结固体,但并非总是如此。 |
| 40 | On Earth, the warmth of the sun is filtered through several kilometers of atmosphere that | 在地球上,太阳的温暖被过滤 穿过几公里的大气层 |
| 41 | spread out and regulate the heat. | 散开并调节热量。 |
| 42 | Think about the difference you feel between direct sunlight and when the sun passes behind | 想想你对直接阳光的感受 和太阳过去时的区别 |
| 43 | a云. | |
| 44 | That's a great example of insulation, and it works in the opposite way at night. | 这是绝缘性的一个很好的例子,在夜间效果相反. |
| 45 | Even though the sun might be gone, the residual heat is being trapped in by the atmosphere | 虽然太阳可能已经消失 残余的热量被大气所困 |
| 46 | and held on the surface of the Earth. | 并被困在地球表面。 |
| 47 | If you take the atmosphere away and experience direct sunlight in space, like our unfortunate | 如果你把大气层带走,在太空体验直接的阳光 就像我们不幸的阳光 |
| 48 | suitless astronaut, then the heat will rise to as much as 120 degrees celsius on your | 不穿西装的宇航员,那么热度会上升到120度 |
| 49 | exposed side, while over on the shadow side, where there is no sunlight, the temperature | 暴露的一侧, 而在阴影的一侧, 没有阳光, 温度 |
| 50 | will drop below negative 100 degrees, so half cooked, half frozen, all bad. | 将下降到负百度以下, 所以一半煮,一半冻, 所有的坏。 |
| 51 | And then, just to add the finishing touch, light from the sun that hasn't been filtered | 然后,为了增加最后的触摸, 阳光从没有过滤过 |
| 52 | through the Earth's atmosphere is highly radioactive, not that it matters at this point | 穿过地球大气层的辐射度很高 此时此刻并不重要 |
| 53 | after all of the other terrible stuff that has happened to you. | 在你经历了其他可怕的事情之后 |
| 54 | As humanity enters a new space age, there is another frontier most people do not think | 随着人类进入一个新的空间时代, 还有另一个前沿,大多数人认为 |
| 55 | about nearly enough—digital privacy. | 近乎足够的数字隐私。 |
| 56 | Every day, data brokers collect and sell huge amounts of personal information. | 数据经纪人每天收集和销售大量个人信息. |
| 57 | Things like your address, phone number, relatives, and even previous places you have lived can | 比如你的地址、电话号码、亲戚 甚至以前住过的地方 |
| 58 | all end up online in searchable databases. | 最终在可搜索数据库中上线。 |
| 59 | That is one of the reasons I have been using DeleteMe for the past two years. | 这是我过去两年一直使用DreadMe的原因之一。 |
| 60 | DeleteMe is a hands-free subscription service that helps remove your personal information | DeleteMe 是帮助删除您个人信息的免费订阅服务 |
| 61 | from hundreds of data broker and people search websites. | 从上百个数据经纪人 和人们搜索网站。 |
| 62 | There privacy experts find where your information appears online, submit removal requests on | 隐私专家在网上找到您的信息, 提交删除请求 |
| 63 | your behalf, and continue monitoring those sites throughout the year so your data does | 并全年继续监视这些网站 这样数据就可以了 |
| 64 | not just quietly reappear later on. | 不只是悄悄地再次出现 |
| 65 | I've actually been using DeleteMe for over two years now and it gives me a ton of peace | 我用Dread Me已经两年多了 这让我很平静 |
| 66 | of mind knowing someone is actively working to pull my information out of these databases. | 心知肚明的人正在积极工作 从这些数据库中提取我的信息。 |
| 67 | In that time, DeleteMe has reviewed over 40 data brokers and removed six listings that | 当时,DreadMe审查了40多个数据经纪人,并删除了6个列名。 |
| 68 | had my personal data. | 有我的个人资料 |
| 69 | They've also been doing this for more than 15 years and were recently named Wirecutter's | 他们也做了15多年了 最近被命名为Wirecutter的 |
| 70 | number one data removal service. | 第一数据删除服务。 |
| 71 | So if you want to reduce how much of your personal information is floating around online, | 所以如果你想减少你的个人信息 在网络上漂浮, |
| 72 | go to joindeleteeme.com slash space races 并使用代码空间竞赛,所有 删除Me 的20% | |
| 73 | consumer plans. | 消费者计划。 |
| 74 | Thanks again to DeleteMe for sponsoring today's video. | 再次感谢Delet Me赞助今天的视频. |
| 75 | So we know that space is horrifying. | 所以我们知道空间是可怕的。 |
| 76 | Now how do we keep you safe from it? | 现在我们怎么保护你的安全? |
| 77 | This is a question that NASA began figuring out the answer to back in the early 1960s. | 这是美国宇航局在1960年代初 开始想出答案的问题。 |
| 78 | This was the first guy they launched into space, John Glenn, and this was his spacesuit. | 这是他们发射的第一个人,约翰・格伦, 这是他的太空服。 |
| 79 | It was made to address our first two big concerns, providing him with air to breathe and keeping | 是为了解决我们头两个大问题 给他呼吸和保存空气 |
| 80 | his body pressurized. | 他的身体受到压力 |
| 81 | Although as long as the mission went to plan, John would never actually be out in space | 虽然只要任务开始,约翰就永远不能在太空中 |
| 82 | on his own, and the inside of his capsule had a full life support system, so he did | 他的太空舱内部有一个完整的生命支撑系统 所以他做到了 |
| 83 | not technically need the suit, but he wore it anyway, and so has every NASA astronaut | 技术上不需要西装 但他还是穿了 太空总署的宇航员也一样 |
| 84 | who followed him. | 他们追随他。 |
| 85 | This is where we can start to divide spacesuits into two categories. | 由此我们可以开始将太空服分为两类. |
| 86 | There are flight suits, which are meant to be worn inside a spacecraft, and then there | 有飞行服, 意在穿 在航天器内, 然后在那里 |
| 87 | are extravehicular activity suits, which are those meant to be worn outside the spacecraft. | 是外太空活动服, 这些都是要穿在航天器外。 |
| 88 | Flight suits are essentially the last line of defense against a very bad day. | 飞行服基本上是最后防线 对抗非常糟糕的一天。 |
| 89 | The Soviet Union learned this the hard way in 1971, when a crew capsule experienced a | 苏联在1971年学会了这个艰难的方法, 当时一个船员太空舱经历了一个 |
| 90 | failure in its life support system during a return from orbit. | 在从轨道返回时其生命支持系统中发生故障。 |
| 91 | The spacecraft lost air pressure, and the three men inside, who were not wearing flight | 飞船失去气压 里面的三个人没有穿飞行服 |
| 92 | suits, passed away before reaching the surface. | 衣服在到达水面前就去世了 |
| 93 | So if it wasn't already apparent, this is serious stuff. | 所以,如果它不是已经很明显, 这是严重的事情。 |
| 94 | In some cases, a spacesuit can serve a dual purpose. | 在某些情况下,宇航服可以达到双重目的。 |
| 95 | For example, during NASA's Gemini missions of the mid-1960s, American astronauts began | 例如,美国航天局在1960年代中期的双子座飞行任务中,美国宇航员开始 |
| 96 | leaving their capsules for the first time. | 第一次离开太空舱 |
| 97 | The old spacecraft were so small that they weren't able to change outfits, so the flight | 旧飞船太小了,不能换衣服,所以飞行 |
| 98 | suit had to also work as an extravehicular suit. | 诉讼也得做外车诉讼 |
| 99 | They accomplished this by using an umbilical cord to connect the capsule's life support | 他们用脐带 连接胶囊的生命维系 |
| 100 | system into the suit. | 系统进入西装。 |
| 101 | And because the crew was now leaving the protective walls of their capsule, the suit had layers | 因为船员们正在离开太空舱的保护墙 太空服有层层 |
| 102 | of insulation added to it that would help them regulate temperature. | 用来调节温度。 |
| 103 | Now, once they got out there, the astronauts weren't able to do very much other than float | 现在,一旦他们到了那里, 宇航员们除了浮点水外, 无法做很多事情。 |
| 104 | around and complete a few simple tasks to demonstrate tool use in outer space. | 环绕并完成一些简单的任务,以展示工具在外层空间的使用。 |
| 105 | And that's because the astronaut was essentially just inside a human-shaped balloon. | 那是因为宇航员 基本上就在人形气球里 |
| 106 | The suit was not designed for mobility. | 该服并非为机动而设计. |
| 107 | Not yet. | 还没 |
| 108 | Over the next decade, NASA would take everything they learned from the Gemini spacewalks and | 在接下来的十年里,美国宇航局会带走 从双子座太空行走中学到的一切 |
| 109 | use that to design their Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or EMU. | 用它来设计他们的外逃机动队,或EMU。 |
| 110 | These were first worn on the moon by Apollo astronauts, and to meet the needs of their | 这些最早由阿波罗宇航员在月球上穿戴,以满足他们的需要. |
| 111 | demanding lunar excursions, NASA upgraded the suit with its own portable life support | 要求月球旅行 NASA用自己的便携式生命支持升级了太空服 |
| 112 | system to replicate the environment inside the spacecraft on the outside. | 以复制太空船内部环境的系统。 |
| 113 | Then they added joints inside the arms for extra mobility, although the guys still looked | 然后,他们增加了关节 在手臂中,额外的机动性, 虽然家伙仍然看 |
| 114 | pretty clumsy walking around up there. | 挺笨手笨脚的 |
| 115 | The experience gained across five moon landings allowed NASA to further refine the suit into | 通过5次月球着陆获得的经验使美国航天局得以进一步精细化西装,使之成为 |
| 116 | a design that would be used exclusively for operating in the vacuum of space. | 专门用于在空间真空中运行的设计。 |
| 117 | This is the image that just about everyone would picture when they imagine a spacesuit, | 这是大家想象的太空服的画面 |
| 118 | and that's largely because since it was first introduced in 1983, NASA has not made | 这主要是因为,自1983年首次引入以来, NASA还没有制作过 |
| 119 | any change to the design of their EMU. | 他们的EMU的设计有任何改变。 |
| 120 | It has been tried and tested on nearly 300 spacewalks by over four decades of astronauts | 四十多年的宇航员在近300个太空行走中试验过 |
| 121 | on board the space shuttle and International Space Station. | 搭乘航天飞机和国际空间站。 |
| 122 | So let's try one on. | 我们试试看 |
| 123 | Our first layer of protection is known as the Maximum Absorbency Garment. | 我们的第一层保护被称为"最大戒备服". |
| 124 | That's a fancy name for an adult diaper. | 这是成人尿布的好名字 |
| 125 | There are no bathroom breaks on a spacewalk. | 太空行走时没有厕所休息 |
| 126 | Next, we put on a skin-tight full-body outfit called the Liquid Cooling Ventilation Garment. | 接下来,我们穿上了一套皮肤紧闭的全身服饰,叫做液冷通风服. |
| 127 | Sewed into the fabric is about 100 meters of plastic tubing that will circulate water | 缝在织物里 大约100米的塑料管 可以循环水 |
| 128 | all around your body. | 全身环绕. |
| 129 | The insulation of the suit will trap heat inside, so the flowing water is what's going | 衣服的绝缘性会把热困在里面 所以流水就是现在的情况 |
| 130 | to keep you cool. | 让你保持冷静。 |
| 131 | Okay, this is where we get into the big stuff. | 好吧,这就是我们进入大事情。 |
| 132 | The Hard Upper Torso, or HUT, comes down over your arms and head. | 硬的上托尔索,或HUT, 下来你的手臂和头。 |
| 133 | It's a fiberglass shell that works like a hub for other parts to attach onto. | 它是一种玻璃纤维壳, 它的工作就像一个中枢 其他部分可以附着。 |
| 134 | Inside the HUT, over the chest, is where we installed the disposable in-suit drink bag. | 在HUT内部,在胸前,是我们安装一次性的内衣饮料袋的地方. |
| 135 | It's a water bag with a drinking straw that leads up to your mouth. | 是以水袋与饮稻草,引入口中. |
| 136 | On the outside front of the HUT, there are attachment points where we'll connect the | 在HUT的外侧,有一些附件点,我们将连接 |
| 137 | mini workstation, which is kind of like a tool belt. | 迷你工作站 有点像工具带 |
| 138 | And above that goes the display and control module, which has knobs and switches that | 上面是显示和控制模块,它有拐杆和开关 |
| 139 | allow you to fine-tune the environment and functions of the suit. | 允许您微调西装的环境和功能。 |
| 140 | Now, you won't be able to see your own chest from inside, so there's going to be a mirror | 现在,你无法从里面看到自己的胸部, 所以会有镜子 |
| 141 | attached to your wrist, and the labels on the control module are all written backwards | 紧贴在你的手腕上,控制模块上的标签全部向后写 |
| 142 | so they can be read in the reflection. | 因此,它们可以在反射中被读取。 |
| 143 | Arm assemblies attach to the sides of the HUT. | 武装集会附着在HUT的两侧. |
| 144 | There's an upper arm and a lower arm, and these two pieces come in different sizes to | 上臂和下臂 这两块不同大小的 |
| 145 | accommodate astronauts of various heights. | 容纳不同高度的宇航员。 |
| 146 | And then, on each piece, there's an adjustable strap to fine-tune the length for your specific | 然后,在每一块上,有一个可调整的带子来细化你的长度 |
| 147 | arms. | 手举起来 |
| 148 | Mobility is taken care of by bearing joints at the shoulder and elbow. | 通过肩部和肘部的关节来照顾流动。 |
| 149 | These allow for smooth rotation thanks to a ring of tiny metal balls that roll on a | 这些可以顺利地旋转 感谢一圈微小的金属球 |
| 150 | track inside the bearing. | 轨迹在轴承内 |
| 151 | This is how you get full range of movement while maintaining an airtight seal. | 这就是你如何在保持密封的同时 获得全方位的运动。 |
| 152 | Moving with the rotation of the joints is very different from how your body normally | 动动关节的旋转 与你身体的平时大不相同 |
| 153 | operates, and astronauts have to go through special conditioning to train their arms to | 宇航员必须经过特殊条件才能将手臂训练到 |
| 154 | work with the suit and not lose energy fighting against it. | 与西装合作,不要失去与它斗争的能量。 |
| 155 | Next, we attach the space pants, technically known as the lower torso assembly. | 接下来是搭载太空裤,技术上称为下躯干组装. |
| 156 | It covers everything from the waist down to the integrated boots. | 它涵盖了从腰部到综合靴子的所有东西. |
| 157 | This attaches to the HUT using a large metal ring called the body seal closure. | 这个是HUT的附属物,使用一个叫做"身体封印"的大型金属环. |
| 158 | There are two more sets of smaller joints above the knees and ankles. | 膝盖和踝关节以上还有两组较小的关节. |
| 159 | These allow you to bend, but they don't rotate like the elbow joints. | 这些可以让你弯曲,但不会像肘关节一样旋转. |
| 160 | You're only able to twist your body a little bit from side to side, thanks to a bearing | 你只能把身体从一边扭到另一边 多亏了一根轴心 |
| 161 | where the legs attach to the waist. | 腿系在腰部的地方 |
| 162 | Okay, now let's add the outer layer shell of the spacesuit. | 好了,现在让我们加入太空服的外层外壳。 |
| 163 | This is what really separates your body from the deadly vacuum outside. | 这就是你的身体 与外面的致命真空真正分离的地方。 |
| 164 | The shell is built in several layers, each one serving a distinct purpose. | 壳体分为几层,每层都服务于不同的目的. |
| 165 | Starting with the innermost material, this is a rubberized nylon layer called the pressure | 从最内层的材料开始, 这是被橡胶化的尼龙层,叫做压力 |
| 166 | bladder. | 膀胱经. |
| 167 | It essentially works like a balloon to hold your air pressure and stop your blood from | 基本上,它的工作 像气球 握住你的气压 和阻止你的血液 |
| 168 | boiling, although these EMU suits are not fully pressurized to Earth sea level conditions. | 沸腾,虽然这些EMU套装并未完全加压地球海平面条件. |
| 169 | That would make them too rigid and impossible to maneuver, so we actually keep the internal | 这会让他们太僵硬 无法操作, 所以我们实际上保持内部 |
| 170 | pressure right around the bare minimum of 4.3 psi. | 压在最小4.3磅左右 |
| 171 | That's even less than our climber at the top of Mount Everest. | 这比我们登上珠穆朗玛峰的登山者还要少 |
| 172 | That makes doing a spacewalk an incredibly physically demanding task, and it requires | 这使得太空行走是一项非常艰巨的体力任务,它需要 |
| 173 | some extra work on the life support side to keep our astronauts breathing. | 一些额外的工作 在生命支撑方面 保持我们的宇航员呼吸。 |
| 174 | On top of that is a woven polyester material called Dacron. | 上面是编织的聚酯材料,叫做Dacron. |
| 175 | We typically use it to make the linings of pillows and couch cushions because it's very | 我们通常用它做枕头和沙发衬垫的衬垫 因为它非常 |
| 176 | resistant to abrasion. | 抗擦伤. |
| 177 | This is called the restraint layer, and it reinforces the pressure bladder. | 这被称为束缚层,它强化了压力膀胱. |
| 178 | Looking at the arm assemblies again, you can see that the bladder and the restraint layer | 再看臂部,你可以看到膀胱和束缚层 |
| 179 | are rippled like a plastic drinking straw. | 就像吸食塑料的吸管 |
| 180 | That is to allow for movement inside the suit. | 这是允许在西装内部移动。 |
| 181 | The next group of layers are known as the thermal micrometeoroid garment. | 下一组层被称为热微流星衣. |
| 182 | This begins with an internal liner. | 这从内部衬线开始。 |
| 183 | It's made of nylon ripstop fabric, which is basically the same material as a camping tent. | 它由尼龙撕裂织物制成,与露营帐篷基本相同. |
| 184 | That protects the outer layers from getting worn down by internal movement. | 这能保护外层不被内部运动磨损. |
| 185 | Then there is the insulation, which is actually multiple layers of aluminized mylar, which | 然后是绝缘层, 实际上是多层 发光的 mylar, |
| 186 | looks a lot like tinfoil, and you'll see this on the outside of a lot of spacecrafts | 看起来像锡油,你会看到这个 在很多航天器的外面 |
| 187 | and satellites that make them look kind of janky, but it's actually a super efficient | 和卫星 让他们看起来有点简陋, 但实际上是一个超级高效 |
| 188 | thermal insulation that can withstand extreme temperatures of both hot and cold. | 热绝缘能承受热冷的极端温度. |
| 189 | The outer shell of the spacesuit is made of something called ortho fabric, which is painted | 太空服的外壳是用一种叫做整形的织物做的,被涂上 |
| 190 | white to reflect light from the sun. | 白色以反射阳光 |
| 191 | This layer has three main ingredients. | 此层主要有三种成分. |
| 192 | One is Nomex, which is what firefighter's jackets are made of. | 一个是Nomex 这是消防员的外套做的 |
| 193 | The second is Kevlar, which is famous for being bulletproof. | 第二部是凯夫拉尔,因防弹而得名. |
| 194 | And then Teflon, which is the coating on non-stick frying pans. | 然后是Teflon,它是涂在非棍子煎锅。 |
| 195 | The ortho fabric is your first line of defense against solar radiation. | 整形织物是你的第一道防太阳辐射线 |
| 196 | Impact from micrometeoroids, space debris, or any other type of catastrophic situation | 微型流星体、空间碎片或任何其他类型灾害情况的影响 |
| 197 | that might arise. | 这可能会发生。 |
| 198 | Okay, so we know what keeps the horrors of space on the outside. | 好吧,所以我们知道是什么使 空间的恐怖留在外面。 |
| 199 | Let's talk about what keeps us alive on the inside. | 让我们来谈谈是什么让我们在内心活着。 |
| 200 | On your back is a device called the Primary Life Support System, or PLIS. | 背面是一个叫做初级生命支持系统,或PLIS的设备. |
| 201 | This is how we bring the necessities of life on Earth to outer space. | 这就是我们如何将地球上生命的必需品带到外层空间。 |
| 202 | One interesting thing about these units is that they were originally made for space shuttle | 有趣的是,它们最初是用来做航天飞机的 |
| 203 | missions in the 1980s, and the exact same backpacks are still in use today. | 20世纪80年代的飞行任务 和同样的背包今天仍在使用 |
| 204 | There were 18 of them manufactured to begin with, and 11 are still used on the ISS, although | 其中18个是最初制造的,11个仍在国际空间站使用,尽管 |
| 205 | only four are in active service at any one time. | 只有四人在任何时间服现役。 |
| 206 | Most of the pack is taken up by our oxygen supply. | 我们的氧气供应占了大部分 |
| 207 | There are two large bottle-shaped primary tanks, and two small round secondary tanks. | 有两辆大瓶形的一级坦克,还有两辆小型圆形二级坦克. |
| 208 | Inside the spacesuit, astronauts only breathe pure oxygen. | 在太空服内部,宇航员只能呼吸纯氧. |
| 209 | Inside the space station, they have an Earth-like blend of oxygen and nitrogen, but they also | 在空间站内,它们有类似地球的氧气和氮气混合,但是它们也 |
| 210 | maintain an Earth-like pressure of 14 psi. | 保持类似地球的压力 14 psi。 |
| 211 | In the low-pressure environment of the EMU, at 4.3 psi, you need pure oxygen to stay conscious, | 在EMU的低气压环境中,在4.3 psi, 你需要纯氧保持清醒, |
| 212 | just like our Everest mountain climber. | 就像我们的登山者一样 |
| 213 | The air supply is routed through a special filter made of lithium hydroxide. | 空气供应通过氢氧化锂制成的特殊滤波器进行路由. |
| 214 | This is a chemical that naturally absorbs the CO2 exhaled by the astronaut and keeps | 这种化学物质会自然吸收宇航员吸入的二氧化碳,并保存 |
| 215 | the oxygen environment pure. | 氧气环境纯净。 |
| 216 | There are also water tanks fitted into the backpack. | 背包中还装有水箱。 |
| 217 | These are piped into your liquid cooling ventilation garment, and the water is used for temperature | 这些水管装入你的液冷通风服 水是用来温度的 |
| 218 | control only, not for drinking. | 只能控制,不能喝 |
| 219 | The PLIS runs on batteries. | PLIS运行在电池上。 |
| 220 | There's a main battery and a backup. | 有主电池和备用电池. |
| 221 | These power a fan and pump motor that circulates our oxygen and water through the suit. | 这些电源是电风扇和泵电动机 通过西装循环氧气和水 |
| 222 | At the very top of the backpack is a radio and antenna unit for communications with other | 背包的顶端是无线电和天线装置,用于与其他人通信 |
| 223 | astronauts and NASA ground teams. | 宇航员和NASA地面团队. |
| 224 | This all gets wrapped up in the same layers of ortho fabric as the rest of the suit. | 这些都和西装一样 被同一层的整形织物包裹着 |
| 225 | But there's one more amazing feature on the EMU backpack. | 但EMU背包上还有一个惊人的特征. |
| 226 | That is called SAFER, the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue. | 这叫做EVA救援的简化援助。 |
| 227 | Here is the scariest thing about working in space. | 这是太空工作最可怕的事情 |
| 228 | If you get knocked loose and float away, there is nothing you can physically do to get yourself | 如果你被敲掉,漂走, 你没有什么可以做自己 |
| 229 | back to the station. | 回车站去 |
| 230 | That is where SAFER comes in. | 这才是安全网的入口 |
| 231 | It's like a small compressed gas jetpack. | 它就像一个小型的压缩气喷气包. |
| 232 | There is just enough fuel in there to push yourself back to safety if a worst-case scenario | 如果发生最坏的情况 燃料就足够自己回到安全的地方 |
| 233 | were to occur. | 将发生。 |
| 234 | But it's definitely not something you want to use on a good day. | 但绝对不是你想在好日子用的东西 |
| 235 | Okay, now let's put our gloves on. | 好吧,现在让我们戴上手套。 |
| 236 | These connect just above the wrist with another roller bearing that allows the glove to rotate | 这些连接在手腕上方 还有另一个滚筒轴承 可以让手套旋转 |
| 237 | around. | 周围 |
| 238 | The fingers have traction pads on the outside for a solid grip on tools, and on the inside | 手指在外侧有牵引垫 用来牢牢抓住工具 和内部 |
| 239 | There are actually little heaters in the fingertips so that your joints don't get stiff. | 手指尖里有小热器 这样你的关节就不会僵硬 |
| 240 | Finally, we have the helmet. | 终于拿到头盔了 |
| 241 | Just like everything else, this is made of layers. | 就像其他的一样, 这是由层组成的。 |
| 242 | The first thing you actually do is put on this weird hat, often nicknamed the Snoopy | 你做的第一件事就是戴上这个奇怪的帽子, 经常绰号Snoopy。 |
| 243 | Cap. | 船长 |
| 244 | It's rigged up with microphones and speakers for your communication system. | 它装有麦克风和扬声器 用于你的通信系统 |
| 245 | Now, the innermost part of the helmet itself is a shatter-resistant plastic bubble. | 现在,头盔本身最内侧的部分是防碎塑料泡沫. |
| 246 | On top of that goes the visor assembly. | 上面是面罩组装 |
| 247 | From that, a protective visor comes down and locks into place over the bubble. | 从这里,一个防护罩下来 锁定在气泡上。 |
| 248 | Then there is an optional gold-coated sun visor to use in extreme bright conditions, | 还有一种可选的金饰太阳罩 在极亮的条件下使用, |
| 249 | and also hard plastic eye shades that can slide down and block the sun entirely. | 还有硬塑料眼罩 可以滑下来 完全挡住太阳 |
| 250 | On the very top goes a unit with cameras and lights so that you can see what you're doing | 顶部有一个有摄像头和灯光的单位 这样你就能看到你在做什么 |
| 251 | and so can the NASA ground control operators. | 美国航天局的地面控制操作员也一样 |
| 252 | The helmet does not attach with a bearing joint, so you can turn your head, but the | 头盔不附着轴承关节 这样你就可以转头了 但是... |
| 253 | helmet won't rotate with you. | 头盔不会跟你旋转的 |
| 254 | That means the entire torso needs to move in order to look left and right. | 这意味着整个躯干需要移动,以便左右看. |
| 255 | And with all of that gear in place, we are now ready to spacewalk. | 随着这些装备的到位,我们现在准备太空行走。 |
| 256 | For a fully trained astronaut, putting on the suit itself only takes about 15 minutes, | 对于训练有素的宇航员来说 穿上太空服本身只需要15分钟 |
| 257 | but there does need to be a longer adaption period where you begin to breathe pure oxygen, | 但确实需要更长的适应期 在那里你开始呼吸纯氧, |
| 258 | check for leaks, and then slowly depressurize down to avoid getting bends, which is what | 检查泄漏,然后慢慢减压 以避免弯曲,这就是什么 |
| 259 | happens to deep sea divers when they rise to the surface too fast. | 当深海潜水员爬到海面上时 就会发生这种情况 |
| 260 | Being an astronaut is no easy job, but it's the price you pay for one of the most amazing | 做宇航员不是件容易的事 但这是你为最神奇的 |
| 261 | experiences a human being can have. | 体验一个人可以拥有。 |
| 262 | Although if you'd rather stay inside the space station, we've got a look at what life in | 虽然你宁愿留在空间站里 我们看看生活 |
| 263 | there will be like as well. | 也一样 |
| 264 | Click the box on screen now. | 点击屏幕上的框。 |
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