男性为何比女性早死7年
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | On average, men die about seven years earlier than women. | 平均而言,男性比女性早7年左右死亡. |
| 0:04 | And male lions, rodents, and spiders often go belly up before their female counterparts | 雄狮、啮齿类动物和蜘蛛往往比雌性动物先肚皮 |
| 0:09 | too. | 也一样。 |
| 0:10 | One big reason males live shorter lives than females might be hidden away in the chromosomes | 一个大原因 雄性比雌性寿命短 可能隐藏在染色体中 |
| 0:15 | that help determine sex in the first place. | 帮助决定性 |
| 0:18 | Welcome to MinuteEarth. | 欢迎来到《地球》 |
| 0:20 | In lots of species, males are more aggressive and take more risks, so you might expect they | 在许多物种中,雄性更具有攻击性,承担更多的风险,所以你可能会期望它们 |
| 0:25 | die first. | 先死再说吧 |
| 0:26 | And in many species, like humans, they do. | 在许多物种中,像人类一样,它们确实如此。 |
| 0:29 | But males aren't always more aggressive. | 但雄性并不总是更具有攻击性. |
展开字幕全文（49 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | On average, men die about seven years earlier than women. | 平均而言,男性比女性早7年左右死亡. |
| 2 | And male lions, rodents, and spiders often go belly up before their female counterparts | 雄狮、啮齿类动物和蜘蛛往往比雌性动物先肚皮 |
| 3 | too. | 也一样。 |
| 4 | One big reason males live shorter lives than females might be hidden away in the chromosomes | 一个大原因 雄性比雌性寿命短 可能隐藏在染色体中 |
| 5 | that help determine sex in the first place. | 帮助决定性 |
| 6 | Welcome to MinuteEarth. | 欢迎来到《地球》 |
| 7 | In lots of species, males are more aggressive and take more risks, so you might expect they | 在许多物种中,雄性更具有攻击性,承担更多的风险,所以你可能会期望它们 |
| 8 | die first. | 先死再说吧 |
| 9 | And in many species, like humans, they do. | 在许多物种中,像人类一样,它们确实如此。 |
| 10 | But males aren't always more aggressive. | 但雄性并不总是更具有攻击性. |
| 11 | And the more aggressive sex doesn't always die first. | 而性欲越激烈,往往不会先死. |
| 12 | Instead, when you look across the animal kingdom, the animals that die earlier, regardless of | 相反,当你在动物王国对面时, 那些更早死去的动物,不管他们是谁 |
| 13 | their sex, have something else in common. | 他们的性,有其他的共同点。 |
| 14 | They have a small sex chromosome. | 他们的性染色体很小. |
| 15 | Sex chromosomes generally come in two sizes, big and small. | 性染色体一般分为大小两种. |
| 16 | Part of what determines the sex of an individual is the combination of sizes they inherit. | 确定个人性别的部分内容是他们继承的大小组合. |
| 17 | In males like humans, females inherit two big sex chromosomes, while males inherit | 在像人类这样的雄性中,雌性会继承两个大性染色体,而雄性则继承 |
| 18 | one big and one small. | 一个大一个小。 |
| 19 | But in birds, butterflies, and some reptiles and amphibians, the opposite is true. | 但在鸟类,蝴蝶,以及一些爬行动物和两栖动物中,情况正好相反. |
| 20 | Males get two bigs, while females get a big and a small. | 雄性得到两个大,而雌性得到一个大和一个小. |
| 21 | In most cases, the sex with the small chromosome tends to die first, regardless of whether | 在大多数情况下,与小染色体的性爱往往先死,无论是否 |
| 22 | they are the males or the females. | 他们是雄性的,还是雌性的。 |
| 23 | There are two possible explanations for why this trend exists. | 这种趋势存在的原因有两种可能的解释。 |
| 24 | One is that having more big sex chromosomes is better, and the other is that having a | 一个是拥有更大的性染色体更好,另一个是拥有一个 |
| 25 | small sex chromosome is worse. | 小的性染色体更恶劣. |
| 26 | Having more big sex chromosomes might be better, because big sex chromosomes have lots of genes | 拥有更多的大性染色体可能更好 因为大性染色体有很多基因 |
| 27 | on them. | 他们。 |
| 28 | A human's big chromosome has 800 or so genes that code for many things unrelated to sex, | 人类的大染色体有800个左右的基因 编码很多与性无关的东西, |
| 29 | from color vision, to proper wound healing, to muscular function. | 从颜色视觉, 到适当的伤口愈合, 到肌肉功能。 |
| 30 | Someone with two big chromosomes has two copies of each of those genes. | 拥有两个大染色体的人,每个基因都有两本. |
| 31 | So if one big chromosome carries a harmful mutation, the other is likely to have a working | 所以,如果一个大染色体 携带一个有害的突变, 另一个可能有一个工作 |
| 32 | version of the gene. | 基因的版本。 |
| 33 | But someone with only one big chromosome has only one copy of all those genes. | 但只有一个大染色体的人 只有一份这些基因的拷贝 |
| 34 | They have no backup copies. | 他们没有备份副本。 |
| 35 | That's why color blindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy are much more common | 所以色盲,血友病,肌肉萎缩症比较普遍 |
| 36 | in human males. | 在人类的雄性。 |
| 37 | So while there may be an advantage to having two big sex chromosomes, there's also evidence | 所以虽然拥有两个大性染色体有优势 但也有证据表明 |
| 38 | there's a disadvantage to having a small chromosome. | 有小染色体的缺点。 |
| 39 | Small chromosomes happen to be particularly vulnerable to malicious viral genes called | 小染色体恰巧特别容易受到所谓的恶意病毒基因的影响 |
| 40 | transposons, which can trigger lots of harmful mutations in genes on other chromosomes. | 转基因,可以引发其他染色体上基因的大量有害突变. |
| 41 | So having a small sex chromosome at all may put a critter at risk for a shorter life. | 所以拥有一个小的性染色体 可能会使一个动物处于更短的生命危险之中 |
| 42 | These hypotheses—that big chromosomes are beneficial and that small chromosomes are | 这些假设——大染色体是有用的,小染色体是 |
| 43 | detrimental—are not mutually exclusive. | 有害的,不是相互排斥的。 |
| 44 | It's likely that both are true. | 很可能两者都是真的 |
| 45 | Scientists are still debating how these processes interact, and how big a role they play in | 科学家们仍在讨论这些进程如何相互作用,以及它们在其中发挥多大作用。 |
| 46 | animals' lifespans versus other factors. | 动物的寿命和其他因素 |
| 47 | That may take a while. | 这可能需要一段时间。 |
| 48 | So if you want to be around when we figure out exactly why all this happens, you should | 所以,如果你想在身边 当我们知道这一切发生的确切原因,你应该 |
| 49 | probably hope you don't have a small chromosome. | 希望你没有染色体 |
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