那些你可能还在信的错误历史“事实”
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:08 | This is probably one of the first things we all learn about in school when discussing | 这也许是我们在学校讨论时 学会的第一课 |
| 0:11 | ancient Egypt. | 古埃及语. |
| 0:12 | Tens of thousands of slaves enduring endless hours of intense forced physical labor while | 数以万计的奴隶 忍受着无休止的强迫性体力劳动 |
| 0:16 | barely being fed or provided with adequate water. | 几乎得不到食物或足够的水。 |
| 0:19 | Drop a sack of sand? | 丢一袋沙子? |
| 0:20 | Chisel something at the wrong angle? | 奇瑟尔有问题吗? |
| 0:22 | Devout masochist? | 虔诚的受虐狂? |
| 0:23 | You're getting a whipping. | 你会被鞭打的 |
| 0:25 | Well, it's all poppycock. | 嗯,这是所有的罂粟科克。 |
| 0:26 | While there were slaves, they were mainly prisoners of war or household servants who | 虽然有奴隶,但他们主要是战俘或家庭仆人 |
展开字幕全文（317 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | This is probably one of the first things we all learn about in school when discussing | 这也许是我们在学校讨论时 学会的第一课 |
| 2 | ancient Egypt. | 古埃及语. |
| 3 | Tens of thousands of slaves enduring endless hours of intense forced physical labor while | 数以万计的奴隶 忍受着无休止的强迫性体力劳动 |
| 4 | barely being fed or provided with adequate water. | 几乎得不到食物或足够的水。 |
| 5 | Drop a sack of sand? | 丢一袋沙子? |
| 6 | Chisel something at the wrong angle? | 奇瑟尔有问题吗? |
| 7 | Devout masochist? | 虔诚的受虐狂? |
| 8 | You're getting a whipping. | 你会被鞭打的 |
| 9 | Well, it's all poppycock. | 嗯,这是所有的罂粟科克。 |
| 10 | While there were slaves, they were mainly prisoners of war or household servants who | 虽然有奴隶,但他们主要是战俘或家庭仆人 |
| 11 | tended to their landlords, but they weren't really part of the main labor force. | 但其实他们不是主要的劳动力 |
| 12 | Instead, laborers in ancient Egypt were conscripted using the corvée duty system, a way to pay | 相反,古埃及的劳工 被征召 使用corvée 值班制度,一种支付的方式 |
| 13 | off taxes through manual labor. | 通过体力劳动减税。 |
| 14 | According to the book, The Pyramid Builders of Ancient Egypt, which discusses the pyramid | 根据"古埃及金字塔建造者"一书 讨论金字塔 |
| 15 | builders of ancient Egypt, farmers were usually pulled from their laborious crop dusting for | 古埃及的建设者们 农民们通常被从苦力的农作物中 抽取出来 |
| 16 | construction work whenever the Nile went all floody during the summer months. | 当尼罗河在夏季的几个月里 洪水泛滥时 建筑工程就会开始 |
| 17 | While the snobby rich upper class folk avoided manual labor by just paying off their tax | 懒惰的上层阶级通过交税来避免体力劳动 |
| 18 | Them smelly poors were tasked with construction of temples, tombs, and pyramids. | 他们闻起来很穷,负责建造寺庙、坟墓和金字塔。 |
| 19 | Laborers who worked on the pyramids as well as other large structures way back in the | 在金字塔和其他大型结构上工作的工人 |
| 20 | ancient times were actually well provided for. | 古代实际上得到了很好的供给. |
| 21 | This makes sense as having a weakened labor force due to neglect or malnourishment doesn't | 因为忽视或营养不良而削弱劳动力是没有道理的 |
| 22 | really pay great dividends. | 赚了大钱 |
| 23 | Small villages have been discovered built specifically for housing laborers. | 已发现专门为住房工人建造的小村庄。 |
| 24 | These sites also contain various animal bones and plentiful bread jars showing a high quality | 这些地点还装有各种动物骨骼和丰满的面包罐,显示出高质量的品质. |
| 25 | diet. | 饮食. |
| 26 | But of course, the system wasn't perfect. | 但当然,系统并不完美。 |
| 27 | Thanks to some classic upper class corruption, sometimes things didn't always go right | 由于一些典型的上层阶级的腐败,有时事情并不总是正确 |
| 28 | for these laborers, but they had the power to stand their ground. | 对于这些劳工,他们确是有生存能力的。 |
| 29 | Dating all the way back to 1170 BC, written evidence has been found of an artisan strike | 早在公元前1170年 已经发现了工匠罢工的书面证据 |
| 30 | while constructing a tomb for then pharaoh Ramesses III. | 在为当时的法老拉梅塞斯三世建造坟墓时 |
| 31 | The artisans complained about a lack of promised rations and outright refused to continue their | 工匠们抱怨说没有保证的口粮,并断然拒绝继续供应。 |
| 32 | work, dropping their chisels and their hammers to march right up to the ruling class's temples | 工作,扔下他们的凿子和锤子 直奔统治阶级的庙宇 |
| 33 | to make their demands. | 以提出他们的要求。 |
| 34 | What do we want? | 我们想要什么? |
| 35 | When do we want it? | 我们什么时候要? |
| 36 | Food! | 吃饭! |
| 37 | After chit-chatting with the local vizier, the workers were able to secure their rations | 在与当地的维济耶家交谈后,工人们得到了他们的口粮。 |
| 38 | and continued their work. | 继续他们的工作。 |
| 39 | Now don't get me wrong, the labor that these guys endured was back-breaking, extremely strenuous | 现在不要误会,这些家伙忍受的劳动 是反面的,极端艰难的 |
| 40 | and downright exhausting, but they weren't outright enslaved or mistreated as historians | 但是他们不是被直接奴役或虐待的 历史学家 |
| 41 | previously thought. | 以前曾想过。 |
| 42 | We've all heard the legends about King Tut's tomb, right? | 我们都听过关于图特王墓的传说 对吧? |
| 43 | If you disturb an ancient king's burial grounds, you'll be cursed, doomed to die a horrible | 如果你打扰一个古老的国王的墓地 你会被诅咒,注定要死 |
| 44 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}死吗? | |
| 45 | Well, it's not so. | 不是这样的 |
| 46 | You'd probably cough a bit from inhaling millennial old mummy powder, but that's about it. | 你可能会咳嗽 从吸入千年老妈妈粉, 但就是这样。 |
| 47 | Now there has been evidence of some ancient tombs inscribed with curse-like carvings. | 现在有证据表明一些古墓刻有诅咒般的雕刻. |
| 48 | For example, ancient warlord and Egyptian noble Anc Tifi wrote that quote, any ruler | 例如,古代军阀和埃及贵族Anc Tifi写道,任何统治者 |
| 49 | who shall do evil or wickedness to his coffin, may the gods not accept any goods he offers | 他们将作恶或作恶于他的棺材,但愿众神接受他所赐予他的任何财物。 |
| 50 | and may his heir never inherit. | 愿他的继承人永不继承。 |
| 51 | Similarly, an inscription on the tomb of 10th century BC ruler Kentikei Kekei warns that | 同样,公元前10世纪统治者Kentikei Kekei的墓志铭警告说: |
| 52 | Now, in a culture that was super superstitious, anyone coming across warnings like that would | 现在,在一个迷信的文化中, 任何人通过这样的警告, |
| 53 | be like, | 喜欢, |
| 54 | prompting them to 180 right out of the room. | 把他们叫到180号 |
| 55 | When King Tut's tomb was discovered in 1922, no such written reprimands or warnings were | 1922年发现图特国王的墓穴时,没有这样的书面斥责或警告 |
| 56 | ever found. | 曾经找到。 |
| 57 | In reality, the rumor of King Tut's curse revolves around one George Edward Stanhope | 在现实中,图特国王诅咒的谣言 围绕着一位乔治·爱德华·斯坦霍普 |
| 58 | 马林·赫伯特·瓦尔·卡尔尼冯(Malinue Herbert V Earl of Carnivon),一个富有的英国白人,他资助了整个探险队 | |
| 59 | that led to the discovery of the Sandy Sarcophagus. | 由此发现了桑迪石棺 |
| 60 | He died a whole four months after the opening of the tomb, after which a journalist did | 在墓室开放四个月后,他去世了, 之后有一个记者死了 |
| 61 | what journalists do, and printed a whole bunch of sensationalized fake news, attributing | 记者做什么, 并印刷了一大堆耸人听闻的假新闻, |
| 62 | Lord Carnivon's death to an inexplicable curse. | 卡尼文大人的死是无法解释的诅咒 |
| 63 | To no surprise, the media ran with it, making claims of a written curse being uncovered | 毫不奇怪,媒体随身携带,声称有人发现了书面诅咒 |
| 64 | with the tomb, though this never happened. | 与坟墓,虽然这从来没有发生。 |
| 65 | So how did Lord Carnivon die? | 卡尼冯大人是怎么死的? |
| 66 | He done got bit by a mosquito. | 他被蚊子咬伤了 |
| 67 | The resulting bump was accidentally slashed while he was shaving, making a pretty nasty | 他刮胡子时意外被砍伤 造成很恶心 |
| 68 | cut that later got infected. | 切那个后来被感染。 |
| 69 | The old chap died of blood poisoning at the age of 56. | 这名老家伙死于血液中毒,享年56岁. |
| 70 | Dedicated believers have tried to attribute other deaths to the curse, but they're really | 虔诚的信徒试图将其他死亡归罪于诅咒,但他们真的 |
| 71 | grasping for straws. | 抓着吸管。 |
| 72 | Of the 58 people who were present at the opening of the tomb, only 8 had died within a dozen | 在开墓时在场的58人中,只有8人死于12人之内。 |
| 73 | years of the discovery, and by various means ranging from cancer to murder to natural causes. | 从癌症到谋杀到自然原因 |
| 74 | The majority of the men went to live on full, healthy lives. | 大多数男人都过着健康、充实的生活。 |
| 75 | At least they didn't steal any spooky slabs. | 至少他们没有偷任何可怕的板子。 |
| 76 | That might have been a different story. | 这可能是一个不同的故事。 |
| 77 | When you think of Spartans, you probably think about them slippery, shiny hunks of warrior | 当你想到斯巴达人的时候, 你可能会想到他们 滑滑的,闪亮的战士群 |
| 78 | men meet as portrayed on the silver screen. | 男人在银幕上见面 |
| 79 | A society of strict and viciously trained, bloodthirsty warriors who could decimate any | 一个严加训练的 充满鲜血的战士的社会 |
| 80 | opposing army. | 对抗的军队。 |
| 81 | But while you're thinking about oiled-up, shirtless, muscular men, you might question | 但是,当你在考虑 油污,无衬衫,肌肉的男人, 你可能会质疑 |
| 82 | if this portrayal is historically accurate. | 如果这个描述在历史上是准确的。 |
| 83 | It's not. | 这不是。 |
| 84 | In reality, the Greek city-state of Sparta had no professional army. | 实际上,希腊城邦斯巴达没有职业军队. |
| 85 | Although growing up with militaristic training, the purpose was not to create warriors but | 虽然成长于军国主义的训练,但目的不是创造战士,而是创造战士. |
| 86 | perfected, hardened, and respectable citizens who could serve to defend their homeland if | 完善、坚固和可敬的公民,如果 |
| 87 | need be. | 需要帮助 |
| 88 | That little element of perfection is where some rumors of Spartan eugenics come in. | 完美之处在于 斯巴达优生学的传言 |
| 89 | It is believed that ancient Spartans practiced infanticide, the act of killing deformed or | 据信,古代斯巴达人实行杀婴行为,杀害畸形者或 |
| 90 | undesired babies as a way to strengthen the Spartan society. | 不受欢迎的婴儿是加强斯巴达社会的一种方式. |
| 91 | However, the biggest downfall of this myth is that there's only one historical source | 然而,这个神话中最大的落点是只有一个历史渊源 |
| 92 | that alludes to this barbaric practice, and it's this guy, Roman historian Plutarch. | 就是这个人 罗马历史学家普鲁塔克 |
| 93 | He wrote that Spartan elders would examine newborns for imperfections or weaknesses. | 他写道,斯巴达长者会检查新生儿的缺陷或弱点. |
| 94 | Good. | 不错 |
| 95 | Bad. | 坏处. |
| 96 | Good. | 不错 |
| 97 | Hello, daddy. | 哈啰,爸爸 |
| 98 | Ew. | 额 |
| 99 | If anywhere ever found, they would just eat us the fetus off the Tietus mountainside. | 如果有发现 他们就会把Tietus山坡上的胎儿吃掉 |
| 100 | This ensured that only the best of the best would be able to thrive to crushing adulthood. | 这确保了只有最优秀的人才能够繁荣成长到压抑成年。 |
| 101 | But this bit of literature is almost certainly a bunch of baloney. | 但是,这一点文学几乎肯定 一堆鲍鱼。 |
| 102 | While historians can't confirm with 100% certainty, they can confirm with 99.9% certainty | 虽然历史学家不能百分百肯定,但他们可以百分百肯定 |
| 103 | that this just flat out never happened. | 这事没发生过 |
| 104 | Excavations around the proposed baby-hucking sites have failed to present any supporting | 在拟议的婴儿吸食点周围挖掘未提供任何支持 |
| 105 | evidence. | 证据。 |
| 106 | There had been a few adult remains discovered, but no teeny tiny toddler tibias were ever | 曾发现几具成人遗骸 但从未发现任何小小的幼童 |
| 107 | among them. | 在他们中间 |
| 108 | If you needed more convincing, Plutarch's writings date some 600 years after the height | 如果你需要更多的说服力,普鲁塔克的著作 大约在600年后 |
| 109 | of Spartan civilization, so it might have just been some silly Spartan slander. | 斯巴达文明,所以可能只是一些愚蠢的斯巴达诽谤。 |
| 110 | That would be like if future archaeologists in the year 4000 unearthed fanfiction from | 这就像未来的考古学家 在4000年 挖出粉丝 从 |
| 111 | today about how medieval Europeans would just shoot their britches to ward off witches. | 今天,关于中世纪的欧洲人 将如何只是射击他们的裤子 以避开女巫。 |
| 112 | Sure, it's questionable, but you can kind of see that happening, right? | 当然,这是值得怀疑的, 但你可以看到这种情况,对不对? |
| 113 | Despite what you may think, death was not the goal of gladiator battles in the Roman | 尽管你可能认为,死亡不是 罗马角斗士战斗的目标 |
| 114 | Colosseum. | 科罗塞姆. |
| 115 | If it was, Rome would have run out of them real quick. | 如果真是这样,罗马会很快用光的 |
| 116 | Keep in mind that the Colosseum was active for over 400 years, hosting a plethora of | 记住Colosseum活动了400多年 接待了众多的 |
| 117 | different events ranging from gladiator battles to public criminal executions to full-fledged | 各种事件,从斗士战到公开的刑事处决到正式处决 |
| 118 | naval battle reenactments with the entire Colosseum being flooded. | 海军战役重现 整个舰队被淹没 |
| 119 | Pretty wild, right? | 相当狂野,对不对? |
| 120 | Well, gladiator battles were basically the equivalent of today's UFC or boxing matches, | 角斗士的战斗基本上相当于今天的UFC或拳击比赛, |
| 121 | just with swords and spears instead of fists. | 只是用剑和矛而不是拳头 |
| 122 | These fights were spectacles of sport and the gladiators were the athletes. | 这些斗殴是体育场景,角斗士是运动员。 |
| 123 | You had some super famous gladiators, rookie gladiators, and everything in between. | 你有一些超级著名的角斗士, 菜鸟角斗士, 和一切在两者之间。 |
| 124 | While some gladiators were slaves, criminals, or prisoners of war fighting for their chance | 虽然有些角斗士是奴隶,罪犯,或者战俘 为了机会而战 |
| 125 | of freedom, most of the big ol' brutes fought for fame and fortune, or just the high octane | 自由,大老爷的野兽 大多为名利争斗,或只是高辛烷 |
| 126 | dopamine rush of being able to legally stab someone in the kidney and getting praised | 多巴胺急于通过法律手段刺伤肾脏并获得赞誉 |
| 127 | for it. | 对于它。 |
| 128 | Roman citizens were hyped to watch two dudes duke it out in a sweaty, sandy, sassy struggle | 罗马公民被赞美 看着两个男人在一场 汗流满满满的 沙地的 萨克斯式的争斗中 |
| 129 | of strength. | 强力。 |
| 130 | But things were a lot more exciting than just the vanilla, missionary position, 9-to-5, | 但比起香草 传教士的位置 9比5 |
| 131 | white picket fence, 1-and-a-half, children-ass, sword-and-shield type gladiators. | 白色的栅栏,一个半, 儿童屁股,剑和屏蔽类型角斗士。 |
| 132 | Nope. | 没有 |
| 133 | Actually, there were about 30 different types of gladiators ready to clang and bang away | 实际上,有大约30种不同的角斗士 准备叮当和轰击 |
| 134 | at each other. | 彼此之间 |
| 135 | 你有你双线的Demechirus 三叉戟的Richiarius, 愚蠢的外观 | |
| 136 | Caesar, and the alls-out balls-out Sestus, among other DLC characters. | 凯撒,还有所有的球 出塞斯图斯,以及其他的DLC角色。 |
| 137 | So imagine that you're living your boring Roman life, sitting in your boring Roman house, | 想象一下你生活在你无聊的罗马生活里 坐在你无聊的罗马房子里 |
| 138 | scratching your boring Roman balls, when you suddenly catch wind of the gladiator battle | 刮你的无聊罗马球, 当你突然赶上风 角斗士战斗 |
| 139 | of the century. | 上世纪 |
| 140 | Two andabate pitted against each other. | 两人和亚伯特相互对立 |
| 141 | You'd lose your shit. | 你会失去你的狗屎。 |
| 142 | Why would you lose your shit? | 为什么你会失去你的狗屎? |
| 143 | Because andabate were condemned criminals fighting each other completely blind. | 因为Andabate是被判有罪的罪犯 完全盲目地相互战斗 |
| 144 | Yeah, as a form of punishment, two criminals equipped with nothing more than a sealed helmet | 是啊,作为惩罚的一种形式, 两个罪犯配备的只是一个密封头盔 |
| 145 | and a rusty sword were dumped out into the arena and forced to square off. | 一把生锈的剑被丢进竞技场 被迫平息 |
| 146 | It's like watching two blindfolded kids trying to whack in a piñata. | 这就像看着两个被蒙住眼睛的孩子 试图打一个piñata。 |
| 147 | Except they're both potential piñatas. | 但他们都是潜在的皮尼亚塔人 |
| 148 | Now, while formal gladiator duels were not to the death, of course some still died. | 现在,虽然正式的角斗士决斗没有死, 当然有些人还是死了。 |
| 149 | But it was more common to die by bleeding out after the match had been called by the | 但更常见的是在比赛被召唤后流血而死 |
| 150 | referee. | 裁判。 |
| 151 | Oh yeah, they had referees. | 是的 他们有裁判 |
| 152 | These were often retired gladiators tasked with making sure that the rules of battle | 这些往往是退休的角斗士 负责确保战斗规则 |
| 153 | were being followed and stopping fights before final blows were dealt. | 被跟踪 并停止战斗 最终打击被处理。 |
| 154 | You see, gladiators were expensive investments, so their managers wanted them alive for as | 你看,角斗士是昂贵的投资, 所以他们的经理希望他们活着作为 |
| 155 | long as possible, once they start all over leveling up another rookie from scratch. | 一旦他们从头到尾 开始把另一个新手打平 |
| 156 | So with all that being said, professional gladiator battles were not performed for the | 这么说来 职业角斗士的战役没有为 |
| 157 | sake of death, just for the thrill of the fight, and the potential of death. | 和死亡的可能性。 |
| 158 | Ancient myths are tough for modern historians to interpret, as historical writers across | 古老的神话对现代历史学家来说是很难解释的,作为历史作家跨越 |
| 159 | time have their own biases. | 时间有自己的偏见。 |
| 160 | Depending on how they felt about a certain historical figure, they could cement their | 取决于他们对某个历史人物的感受,他们可以巩固自己 |
| 161 | legacy in history as a smart fella, or a fart smeller. | 历史遗留下来的聪明人 或者放屁的闻者 |
| 162 | The prevailing myth that Roman Emperor Nero diddled his fiddle as Rome burned to the ground | 罗马皇帝尼禄把小提琴 烧成灰烬 |
| 163 | is one that should go up in smoke. | 应该是烟雾冲上天的 |
| 164 | It's commonly believed that Nero, having descended into madness over the course of | 人们通常认为尼禄 已经陷入疯狂之中 |
| 165 | his reign, started the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, a disastrous and destructive inferno | 他的统治,在公元64年发动了罗马大火,一场灾难性和破坏性的地狱 |
| 166 | that destroyed nearly three quarters of the Roman capital. | 摧毁了近四分之三的罗马首都 |
| 167 | Accusations claim that Nero didn't really like the look of Rome, and wanted to rebuild | 指控说尼禄不太喜欢罗马的外表,想重建 |
| 168 | it in his own vision with a lavish and gaudy golden palace. | 在他自己的视野中,它有一个华丽而华丽的金色的宫殿。 |
| 169 | So a conveniently timed fire would have been a great opportunity to do so. | 因此,一个方便的定时火会是这样做的良机. |
| 170 | The fire is suspected to have started in a shopping district stockpiled with flammable | 疑似起火地点是购物区 |
| 171 | goods. | 货物。 |
| 172 | Once the fire started, it was nearly impossible to contain. | 火灾一起,就几乎无法控制. |
| 173 | Rome was a dense city, streets were narrow, housing structures were wooden, and the wind | 罗马是一个密集的城市,街道狭窄,房屋结构木制,风波 |
| 174 | was a-blowin'. | 是吹嘘。 |
| 175 | This set of conditions provided the perfect environment for the big ol' fire to really | 这一系列条件为大火提供了完美的环境 |
| 176 | roar. | 咆哮声。 |
| 177 | The blaze lasted for nine whole days, decimating ten of Rome's fourteen districts. | 这场大火持续了9天,摧毁了罗马14个区的10个. |
| 178 | But was Emperor Nero to blame? | 但是尼禄皇帝应该责备吗? |
| 179 | Not at all. | 一点也不 |
| 180 | According to Tacitus, one of the most influential Roman historians at the time, Nero was not | 据当时最有影响力的罗马历史学家之一塔西图斯说,尼禄不是 |
| 181 | near Rome when the fire started. | 在罗马附近,当大火开始。 |
| 182 | He was actually several miles away in the coastal town of Antium, but he rushed back | 他实际上在几英里之外 在沿海城镇安提乌姆, 但他匆匆回来 |
| 183 | home to Rome once he caught wind of the disaster. | 他一遇上灾难的风 就回到了罗马 |
| 184 | When he did get back, Nero actually funded relief efforts and opened up private gardens | 当他回来时,尼禄实际上资助了救济工作,并开辟了私人花园. |
| 185 | and other structures for shelter to those affected. | 以及收容受影响者的其他结构。 |
| 186 | Despite these efforts, Nero still came under scrutiny from the nobles who hated him, claiming | 尽管做出了这些努力,尼禄仍然受到憎恨他的贵族的监视,声称 |
| 187 | that he should have responded sooner and provided more assistance. | 他应该早些答复并提供更多的援助。 |
| 188 | Freakin' Nero, dude. | 该死的尼禄,伙计。 |
| 189 | I bet my scorched-ass cheeks he started that fire himself. | 我敢打赌,我的焦屁股脸颊 他发动了火自己。 |
| 190 | Yeah, you're right, he probably did. | 是啊,你是对的,他可能做到了。 |
| 191 | Guys, he was literally miles away in another city. | 伙计们,他在另一座城市里很远的地方 |
| 192 | What did you do? | 你做了什麽? |
| 193 | And that's how rumors start. | 谣言就是这样开始的 |
| 194 | In actual fact, there is no historical evidence that Nero started the fire, and especially | 实际上,没有历史证据表明尼禄发动了火灾,特别是 |
| 195 | no evidence that he played the fiddle when Rome burned, mostly because the fiddle wouldn't | 没有证据证明他在罗马燃烧时弹小提琴 因为小提琴不会 |
| 196 | be invented for another 900 years. | 再发明900年 |
| 197 | It's probable that the claim is part of Christian propaganda, as Nero famously blamed | 有可能是基督教宣传的一部分 因为尼禄有名的指责 |
| 198 | them for the fire, leading to their persecution. | 他们因火而遭迫害。 |
| 199 | So who really got the last laugh? | 那么,谁真的得到了最后的笑? |
| 200 | It was Nero. | 这是尼禄。 |
| 201 | He burned a lot of Christians. | 他烧毁了许多基督徒. |
| 202 | It's possible that your middle school history textbooks may have toyed with the idea that | 你的中学历史教科书可能 被这种想法所迷惑 |
| 203 | ancient Aztecs, or even the greater Mexican people as a whole, saw the invading Spanish | 古老的阿兹特克人,甚至整个墨西哥人 都看到了入侵的西班牙人 |
| 204 | conquistadors as god-like figures. | 征服者是像神一样的人物. |
| 205 | More specifically, history has suggested that the Aztec ruler Moctezuma, or Montezuma, however | 更具体地说,历史表明,阿兹特克统治者莫克特祖马(Moctezuma),即蒙特祖马(Montezuma). |
| 206 | you want to pronounce it, believed that the arrival of the Spanish coincided with the | 认为西班牙人的到来恰逢 |
| 207 | prophesized return of Quetzalcoatl, the Mesoamerican feathered serpent god of creation. | 预言返回 克萨尔科特尔,中美洲羽毛蛇神 创造。 |
| 208 | But we now know that it's all, as the Spanish say, a bunch of caca. | 但我们现在知道,正如西班牙人所说, 这一切都是一堆卡卡。 |
| 209 | It's certainly true that the native Mexican people were stunned and confused by the appearance | 墨西哥原住民对外表感到惊呆, |
| 210 | of the foreign invaders with their fancy horses, gunpowder, and white skin, but there's no | 外國侵略者 带着豪华的马匹 火药 和白皮肤 |
| 211 | evidence explicitly stating that they were thought of as gods. | 证据明确表示他们被认为是神。 |
| 212 | Letters written by Hernan Cortes himself about his conquests never mention being mistaken | 赫尔南·科尔特斯本人写的关于他的征服的书信 从未提到错 |
| 213 | for or being interpreted as a god in any way, shape, or form. | 或被解释为神 以任何方式,形状,或形式。 |
| 214 | This is further supported by the writings of Spanish conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, | 西班牙征服者贝尔纳尔·迪亚斯·德尔卡斯蒂略的著作进一步证实了这一点。 |
| 215 | who chronicled Cortes' conquests in real time. | 他实时记录了科特斯的征服 |
| 216 | One passage highlights a conversation between Cortes and Moctezuma in the Aztec capital | 其中一段强调科尔特斯和莫克特祖马在阿兹特克首都的谈话 |
| 217 | Tenochtitlan. | 特诺奇蒂特兰. |
| 218 | Conversation basically had Moctezuma being like, yeah, people around here think I'm | 交谈基本上让莫克特祖马 喜欢,是的,这里的人认为我 |
| 219 | a god, that I'm all about gold and silver and precious stones, but look, you see that? | 一个神,我是所有关于金银和宝石, 但你看,你看到了吗? |
| 220 | Flesh and blood, my dude. | 血和血,伙计。 |
| 221 | We're both the same. | 我们都一样 |
| 222 | I know that you're just a bunch of foreigners and not some otherworldly divine beings. | 我知道你只是一群外国人 而不是别的神灵 |
| 223 | That would just be silly. | 这太傻了 |
| 224 | To which Cortes replied, so where did this idea come from? | Cortes回答说,这个想法从哪里来的? |
| 225 | Well, it actually started to surface decades after the Aztecs were conquered. | 实际上,在阿兹特克人被征服几十年后,它开始浮出水面. |
| 226 | Publications of Spanish conquests alluded to the idea that Cortes and his men tried | 关于西班牙征服的著作 暗示了科尔特斯和他的手下试图 |
| 227 | to pass their weapons off as magic and their horses off as intelligent aggressive beasts. | 把他们的武器当作魔法 把他们的马当作聪明的侵略兽 |
| 228 | So it was mainly a sensationalized retelling of events, portraying the Mexican people as | 因此,这主要是一场耸人听闻的事件,把墨西哥人民描绘成 |
| 229 | more feeble-minded, all while embellishing the Spanish image. | 更弱的头脑,所有 同时装饰西班牙的形象。 |
| 230 | As it turns out, the Aztec weren't bamboozled by some distrustful deity. | 事实证明,阿兹特克人并非被一些不信任的神灵所蒙蔽. |
| 231 | The Spanish completely steamrolled the Aztec with the help of guns, alliances to Aztec | 西班牙人在枪炮的帮助下 彻底挥舞阿兹特克号 与阿兹特克结盟 |
| 232 | rivals, and every European explorer's iconic weapon, disease. | 每个欧洲探险家的标志性武器 疾病 |
| 233 | It was less, oh my god. | 这是更少,哦,我的上帝。 |
| 234 | And more, OH MY GOD. | 还有,我的上帝。 |
| 235 | The Great Depression was truly a financial disaster, not only for the US, but for the | 大萧条确实是一场金融灾难, 不仅对美国,而且对 |
| 236 | entire globe. | 整个地球 |
| 237 | Most of you out there might recall learning that the stock market crash of 1929 caused | 你们大部分人可能记得 1929年的股市暴跌 |
| 238 | the Great Depression, but in reality, it was just the signal that shit had hit the | 大萧条,但实际上, 它只是信号,狗屎击中 |
| 239 | financial fan. | 财经风扇. |
| 240 | Nothing more than a devastating effect from a much more threatening underlying cause. | 更具有威胁性的基本原因所造成的破坏作用。 |
| 241 | If you're unaware, the world economy is a constant struggle for balance of supply and | 如果你不知道,世界经济 是一个持续的斗争 平衡供应和 |
| 242 | demand, with price being the end result. | 需求,以价格为最终结果。 |
| 243 | Lots of demand and no supply, prices go up. | 大量的需求和没有供应,价格上升。 |
| 244 | Lots of supply but no buyers, prices go down. | 很多供应,但没有买家,价格下降。 |
| 245 | Sure, that's a bit oversimplified, but you get the idea. | 当然,这有点太简单了, 但你明白这个想法。 |
| 246 | The Great Depression was a catastrophic chain of events stemming from US overproduction | 大萧条是一连串灾难性事件 源自美国的过度生产 |
| 247 | of goods. | 货物。 |
| 248 | You see, in the early 1920s, the world had entered a time of peace at the end of World | 在20世纪20年代早期 世界进入了和平时期 |
| 249 | War I. | 第一次战争 |
| 250 | This led to an industrial boom. | 这导致了工业繁荣. |
| 251 | Not for war machines, but for consumer goods. | 不是战争机器 而是消费品 |
| 252 | Mass production was going wild, and factories were farting out new products like crazy. | 大量生产变得疯狂 工厂在放屁 疯狂的新产品。 |
| 253 | To sell these products, companies began aggressive advertising campaigns. | 为了销售这些产品,公司开始了积极的广告宣传。 |
| 254 | The news, radio, magazines, and everything just screamed in your face to buy the latest | 新闻,广播,杂志, 和一切只是尖叫 在你的脸上购买最新 |
| 255 | and greatest doohickey. | 和最伟大的杜希基。 |
| 256 | And the people did. | 和人民这样做。 |
| 257 | But how could customers afford all of this lavish spending? | 但顾客怎么能承受这些奢侈的消费呢? |
| 258 | Yep, the establishment of consumer credit. | 是的,建立消费信贷。 |
| 259 | Cars, appliances, clothes, homes, all purchased on credit. | 汽车,电器,衣服,房屋,都是通过信贷购买的. |
| 260 | But the United States was not the only beneficiary of a peacetime economy. | 但美国并不是和平时期经济的唯一受益者。 |
| 261 | European and Asian markets began producing their own goods, selling these products to | 欧洲和亚洲市场开始生产自己的商品,将这些产品卖给 |
| 262 | the US for cheaper prices, which caught the eyes of consumers looking to save a few pennies | 价格低廉的美国 吸引了消费者的目光 想要节省几笔钱 |
| 263 | here and there. | 这里和那里 |
| 264 | The big American companies, seeing potential profits leaving their grubby hands, were pissed | 美国大公司,看到潜在的利润 离开粗鲁的手,生气 |
| 265 | and lobbied Congress to protect their interests. | 并游说国会保护他们的利益。 |
| 266 | In order to do so, the Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922 was passed. | 为此,1922年的福特尼-麦坎伯关税获得通过. |
| 267 | This raised American tariffs across the board, increasing the consumer cost of foreign goods | 这全面提高了美国关税,提高了外国商品的消费成本 |
| 268 | as to thin out the competition and force Americans to buy American products. | 从而削弱竞争 迫使美国人购买美国产品 |
| 269 | Europe and Asia promptly responded in kind, and soon, a tariff war commenced. | 欧洲和亚洲迅速作出实物反应,不久,关税战争开始。 |
| 270 | All this sounds a bit familiar, doesn't it? | 这听起来有点熟悉,不是吗? |
| 271 | In order to keep a super long story super short, here's what happened next. | 为了保持一个超长的故事超短,接下来会发生什么. |
| 272 | Demand shrank as American companies and farms overproduced their goods. | 由于美国公司和农场过度生产商品,需求减少。 |
| 273 | Too much stuff and no one to buy it means less sales. | 太多的东西 没有人买它意味着销量减少。 |
| 274 | Less sales means less profit for these companies, and with less company profit, that means they're | 销售额减少意味着这些公司的利润减少,公司利润减少意味着它们 |
| 275 | going to start handing out some pink slips. | 开始发放一些粉色滑板。 |
| 276 | With lots of people laid off, lots of people have less money to spend, so companies lose | 很多人都下岗了 很多人的钱都少了 所以公司就输了 |
| 277 | even more money. | 更多的钱。 |
| 278 | And if they lose enough of it, they go bankrupt. | 如果他们输得够多,就会破产 |
| 279 | Now, when companies went bankrupt, at least back in the 1920s, the banks that supported | 当公司破产时 至少在1920年代 支持 |
| 280 | them failed. | 他们失败了 |
| 281 | And when the banks failed, people's money straight up vanished, thanks to the lack of | 当银行倒闭时,人们的钱直接消失了, 由于缺乏 |
| 282 | FDIC insurance. | 直接外资保险公司的保险。 |
| 283 | Everyone loses their shit and rushes to withdraw money from whatever banks are still standing, | 每个人都输光了狗屎 急着从银行里取钱 |
| 284 | but there's not enough physical cash to meet that demand. | 但没有足够的实物现金来满足需求。 |
| 285 | Now, all of a sudden, no one has money. | 突然间 没人有钱 |
| 286 | So what happened to it all? | 发生了什么事? |
| 287 | The banks lent it out to all the rich people, placing speculative bets on the stock market. | 银行把这笔钱借给了所有富人,把投机赌注放在股票市场上. |
| 288 | Now, when there's a lot of market speculation, stock market prices get unreasonably high. | 现在,当大量市场投机时,股票市场价格就会不合理地高涨. |
| 289 | Unreasonably high prices aren't very sexy, so no one else wants to buy them. | 不合理的高价不是很性感,所以没有人想买. |
| 290 | Instead, they sell to take profits. | 相反,他们出售来获取利润。 |
| 291 | But when these profits are taken, that stock price drops. | 但是,当这些利润被拿走, 股票价格下降。 |
| 292 | When stock prices drop, any remaining shareholders lose potential profit, which is no bueno, | 当股价下跌时, 任何剩余的股东 失去潜在的利润, 这不是bueno, |
| 293 | so they panic sell whatever shares they have. | 所以他们惊慌失措地卖掉所有的股份 |
| 294 | And when there's enough seller momentum across the board, the entire stock market crashes. | 而当整个市场有足够的卖家势头时,整个股市就会崩溃. |
| 295 | So banks have failed, blue collar workers have lost their life savings overnight, millionaires | 所以银行失败了 蓝领工人连夜失去一生的积蓄 百万富翁 |
| 296 | have lost their fortunes, factories have folded, and farmers have hung up their tools. | 失去了他们的财富,工厂 折叠, 农民挂了他们的工具。 |
| 297 | Not only did this cripple the United States, but the entirety of global trade. | 这不但使美国瘫痪,而且使全球贸易完全瘫痪。 |
| 298 | The United States could not meet critical export demands, and foreign economies selling | 美国无法满足关键的出口需求,外国经济体则出售 |
| 299 | raw materials such as sugar, rubber, and lumber lost their biggest customer, and thus most | 糖、橡胶和木材等原材料失去了最大的客户,从而失去了大多数客户。 |
| 300 | of their money impacting their economies. | 他们的钱会影响他们的经济。 |
| 301 | The Great Depression was, without doubt, one of the worst economic disasters of the modern | 毫无疑问,大萧条是当代最严重的经济灾难之一。 |
| 302 | age. | 年龄 |
| 303 | The American economy struggled until the United States entered World War II in 1941, where | 美国经济一直挣扎,直到1941年美国进入二战. |
| 304 | demand for production and labor picked right back up. | 对生产和劳动力的需求迅速回升。 |
| 305 | To put it simply, the 1929 stock market crash did not cause the Great Depression. | 简言之,1929年的股市崩溃并没有引起大萧条. |
| 306 | It was the writing on the wall that the system was breaking. | 这是墙上的文字 系统正在打破。 |
| 307 | Afterward, the banking system was overhauled, and the stock market heavily regulated to | 之后,银行系统进行了整顿,股票市场受到严格管制,以便 |
| 308 | prevent history from repeating itself. | 防止历史重演。 |
| 309 | We'll see how that goes. | 我们看看情况如何 |
| 310 | Well, that's the end of this video. | 好了,这是结束 这个视频。 |
| 311 | Did you learn something new? | 你学到了新的东西吗? |
| 312 | I hope so. | 我希望是这样。 |
| 313 | Want to see a part two? | 想看看第二部分吗? |
| 314 | I hope so. | 我希望是这样。 |
| 315 | Let me know in the comments. | 在评论中告诉我。 |
| 316 | Until then, here's another video. | 在此之前,这是另一个视频。 |
| 317 | I'll see you over there. | 那边见. |
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