比鲸鱼还大的生物竟藏在地下

发布于 2026-08-09 · 时长 4:59

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	Okay now here's a question.	好吧,现在有一个问题。
0:01	What's the biggest living organism on the planet?	地球上最大的生物体是什么?
0:04	A whale?	鲸鱼?
0:05	A redwood	红杉
0:06	tree?	树?
0:06	Arguably it's Armillaria, a huge honey fungus living in a forest in Oregon, USA.	可以说是阿米利亚氏菌(Armillaria),是一种生活在美国俄勒冈州森林中的大型蜂蜜真菌.
0:12	It covers over	上面盖着
0:13	nine square kilometers and is thought to be at least 2,400 years old.	9平方公里,被认为至少有2400年的历史.
0:16	Oh, and it glows in the	哦,它发光在
0:20	dark.	阴暗。

展开字幕全文（88 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Okay now here's a question.	好吧,现在有一个问题。
2	What's the biggest living organism on the planet?	地球上最大的生物体是什么?
3	A whale?	鲸鱼?
4	A redwood	红杉
5	tree?	树?
6	Arguably it's Armillaria, a huge honey fungus living in a forest in Oregon, USA.	可以说是阿米利亚氏菌(Armillaria),是一种生活在美国俄勒冈州森林中的大型蜂蜜真菌.
7	It covers over	上面盖着
8	nine square kilometers and is thought to be at least 2,400 years old.	9平方公里,被认为至少有2400年的历史.
9	Oh, and it glows in the	哦,它发光在
10	dark.	阴暗。
11	Mind blown.	脑海爆裂。
12	What if we also told you that other types of fungi can absorb oil spills,	如果我们也告诉你其他类型的真菌可以吸收石油溢出
13	control insects' brains, and that fungi in general are essential to all terrestrial life on Earth.	控制昆虫的大脑, 和一般的真菌对地球上所有地面生物都是必不可少的。
14	And there's still so much we don't know.	还有很多我们不知道的
15	More than 90% of the fungi in the world are currently	目前世界上90%以上的真菌
16	unknown to science.	科学未知.
17	You could say there's mushroom for learning.	你可以说有蘑菇学习。
18	Now that we've got that terrible	现在,我们得到了那可怕的
19	pun out of the way, we can take a closer look at some fascinating facts that will make you	让开,我们可以仔细看看一些令人着迷的事实,会让你
20	a real fun guy at parties.	派对上真有意思
21	Sorry.	对不起
22	If you think of mushrooms as vegetables on your pizza,	如果你把蘑菇当蔬菜放在披萨上
23	you are not alone, thanks to the Victorian botanists who classified fungi with plants.	多亏了维多利亚植物学家把真菌和植物分类
24	In fact, fungi are neither plant nor animal.	事实上,真菌既不是植物也不是动物.
25	They are in a kingdom of their own but are genetically	他们属于自己的王国,但遗传
26	much closer to animals.	更接近动物。
27	The genetic code of a mushroom has more in common with ours than a	蘑菇的基因密码和我们的比起来更相似
28	Maybe don't mention that to your vegan friends.	也许别跟你的素食主义者提这个
29	Fungi also have the ability to control other	真菌还有能力控制其他
30	organisms.	众生.
31	While some species of fungi break down dead leaves and wood, like the helpful housemate	虽然有些真菌破碎的枯叶和木头, 像有帮助的室友
32	who always remembers to take the bins out.	他总是记得把垃圾桶拿出来
33	Other fungi are mycorrhizal.	其他真菌为 mycorrhizal. 中国植物物种信息数据库.
34	They plug into the root	他们插进根部
35	tissue of plants and pass precious nutrients between them.	植物的组织并在它们之间传递宝贵的营养物质
36	This process forms a dense fungal	这个过程形成了密集的真菌
37	network called a mycelium.	叫做菌丝网
38	Soil often contains masses of these mycelial threads connecting	土壤中往往含有连接这些线条的团块
39	different plants like fibre optic cables.	不同的植物,如光纤电缆。
40	In woods, the network is known as the wood wide web	在树林里,这个网络被称为木质宽网
41	because plants use it to communicate with one another.	因为植物用它互相交流
42	In a fertile pasture, the fungi feeding	在肥沃的牧场,真菌会喂食
43	on plants below ground can be many times heavier than the cows eating the grass above it.	在地下的植物上比吃上面的草的奶牛要重很多倍
44	Some	有点
45	uses chemical signals to employ leaf cutter ants.	利用化学信号使用切叶蚁.
46	The ants work together to form a supply chain	蚂蚁一起组成供应链
47	that can deliver up to 60,000 leaf fragments an hour to the fungus.	每小时能给真菌送6万片叶片
48	In return, it produces	作为回报,它产生
49	minuscule ant-sized mushrooms to feed them.	幼蚁大小的蘑菇来喂它们.
50	Other fungi employ more gruesome methods.	其他真菌采用更可怕的方法.
51	Cordyceps infiltrate their insect host, for example ants or beetles, and control their brains,	Cordyceps渗入它们的昆虫宿主,例如蚂蚁或甲虫, 并控制他们的大脑,
52	forcing them to climb up high and then bursting out of their bodies to scatter their spores to	迫使它们爬到高处然后从身体中冲出将孢子撒到
53	the wind.	风
54	Talk about evil genius.	谈论邪恶天才。
55	Not content with insect mind control, some types of fungi	不满足于昆虫精神控制, 某些类型的真菌
56	can trouble humans, causing irritations like athlete's foot, as well as the more deadly	也会给人类带来麻烦像运动员脚一样的刺激还有更致命的
57	histoplasmosis.	组织性肿瘤
58	Ergot, a fungus that grows on wheat and rye, can literally send you mad.	Ergot,一种在小麦和黑麦上生长的真菌,可以让你发疯。
59	Eating bread made from affected flour is likely to have contributed to mass hallucinations in	用受影响的面粉制成的食用面包很可能会造成大量幻觉。
60	medieval Europe, and you don't have to be a seasoned forager to know that some species	中世纪的欧洲, 你不必是一个老练的预言家知道一些物种
61	of fungi are highly toxic.	这些真菌有剧毒
62	If I were you, I'd avoid anything with an intimidating biker gang	如果我是你,我会避免任何与恐吓自行车手团伙
63	name like autumn skullcap or destroying angels.	名字像秋天的头骨或毁灭天使。
64	While fungi can, in some cases, be extremely	在某些情况下,真菌会非常
65	dangerous, they are also an invaluable resource.	危险,它们也是宝贵的资源。
66	For a start, fungi produce life-saving medicines	首先,真菌生产救生药
67	such as penicillin.	比如青霉素
68	Yeast is a fungus, without which we'd have no bread, wine, beer or cheese.	Yeast是一种真菌,没有它我们就不会有面包,葡萄酒,啤酒或奶酪.
69	Even corn is made from a fungus.	连玉米也是用真菌做的
70	Basically, without fungi, there would be no middle-class	基本上,没有真菌,就没有中产阶级
71	dinner parties.	晚餐派对。
72	Mycelium can be used to make packaging and clothing.	菌丝可用于制作包装和服装.
73	Fungi have been used	真菌已经使用过
74	to clean up oil spills, and an iticonic acid derived from a fungus is even used to make	用来清理漏油一种真菌产生的线粒体酸甚至用来制造
75	Fungi are also eco-warriors.	真菌也是生态保镖.
76	They are absolutely essential to a healthy soil and play a key role	它们对于健康的土壤是绝对必要的,并且发挥着关键作用
77	in trapping CO2 fixed by plants into the soil, preventing its return to the atmosphere.	将植物固定的二氧化碳埋入土壤,防止其返回大气层。
78	Over a thousand billion tons of carbon are locked in the world's soils.	超过一千亿吨的碳锁定在世界的土壤。
79	That's more than twice the	这是两倍多
80	amount of carbon held by all the trees on Earth.	地球上所有树木所持有的碳量。
81	If the activity of soil fungi were to increase,	如果土壤真菌的活动增加,
82	they could potentially solve global warming on their own.	它们有可能独自解决全球变暖问题。
83	But despite their many uses	但尽管他们有很多用途
84	and dangers, of course, fungi aren't actually good or evil.	和危险,当然,真菌实际上不是好或坏。
85	They are an incredibly adaptable	他们是一个惊人的适应性
86	and distinct life form, playing a key role in terrestrial life on the planet.	和独特的生命形态, 在地球上的陆地生活中发挥关键作用。
87	And for that,	为此,
88	and not just because they taste great on pizzas, they should be celebrated.	不仅仅是因为他们在披萨上品味很好应该庆祝他们

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