动物感知时间的方式与人类不同吗？

发布于 2026-06-28 · 时长 8:02

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	Imagine a fly buzzing around your room.	想象一只苍蝇在你的房间里响起
0:02	You swat at it.	你轻轻地看
0:03	You know exactly what happens next.	你知道接下来会发生什么
0:05	The fly dodges, again and again and again.	苍蝇躲过,一次又一次地
0:08	Sometimes it feels almost supernatural,	有时感觉几乎超自然
0:10	as if the fly can predict the future, but naturally it can't.	仿佛苍蝇可以预测未来,但自然不能.
0:13	What's actually happening	到底发生了什么
0:14	might be even stranger.	也许是陌生人。
0:15	That fly might be experiencing time more slowly than you are.	那只苍蝇可能比你慢得多
0:20	Not because of science fiction, not because of Einstein's theory of relativity,	不是因为科幻也不是因为爱因斯坦的相对论

展开字幕全文（225 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Imagine a fly buzzing around your room.	想象一只苍蝇在你的房间里响起
2	You swat at it.	你轻轻地看
3	You know exactly what happens next.	你知道接下来会发生什么
4	The fly dodges, again and again and again.	苍蝇躲过,一次又一次地
5	Sometimes it feels almost supernatural,	有时感觉几乎超自然
6	as if the fly can predict the future, but naturally it can't.	仿佛苍蝇可以预测未来,但自然不能.
7	What's actually happening	到底发生了什么
8	might be even stranger.	也许是陌生人。
9	That fly might be experiencing time more slowly than you are.	那只苍蝇可能比你慢得多
10	Not because of science fiction, not because of Einstein's theory of relativity,	不是因为科幻也不是因为爱因斯坦的相对论
11	but because different animals appear to process reality at different speeds.	但因为不同的动物似乎以不同的速度处理现实
12	To the fly,	对苍蝇,
13	your hand may be moving through the air in what feels like slow motion, which raises a	你的手可能在空气中移动感觉像是缓慢的动作,这引起了
14	bizarre possibility.	不可思议的可能性。
15	What if time doesn't feel the same for every living thing?	如果时间对每一个生物来说都不一样呢?
16	What if a second	如果一秒钟
17	for a fly feels longer than a second for a human?	苍蝇感觉比人类长一秒钟?
18	What if a dog experiences the present differently	如果一只狗对现在的体验不同
19	from a turtle?	从龟?
20	What if entire lifetimes unfold at different speeds depending on the brain	如果整个生命以不同的速度展开取决于大脑
21	experiencing them?	体验他们?
22	It sounds impossible.	听起来不可能
23	After all, time is time.	毕竟,时间就是时间。
24	A second is a second.	一二为一.
25	The	那个
26	physical time.	物理时间。
27	The question scientists are asking is different.	科学家们提出的问题不同。
28	How quickly does the brain	大脑有多快
29	experience reality itself?	体验现实本身?
30	And the answer appears to vary dramatically across the animal kingdom.	整个动物王国的答案似乎大不相同。
31	To understand why, we need to start with a concept called temporal resolution.	为了理解原因,我们需要从一个叫做暂时解决的概念开始。
32	Imagine watching a movie.	想想看电影吧
33	The image appears smooth and continuous, but it isn't.	图像看起来光滑而连续,但并非如此.
34	A film is actually	电影其实是
35	a rapid sequence of still images.	一个快速的静态图像序列。
36	Traditionally, 24 separate frames every second.	传统上,每秒有24个单独的帧.
37	Your brain	你的大脑
38	stitches them together into movement.	把它们缝合成运动
39	Show the frames too slowly and the illusion breaks.	显示框太慢和幻觉破裂。
40	You	你们
41	begin seeing individual pictures rather than continuous motion.	开始看到个人图片而不是连续运动。
42	Now imagine that every	现在想象一下,每个
43	species has its own version of this limit, a speed at which reality can be sampled and processed.	物种有它自己版本的这个限制,这个速度可以对现实进行采样和处理.
44	Scientists sometimes measure this using something called the critical flicker fusion threshold,	科学家们有时会用所谓的临界闪光聚变阈值来测量
45	a surprisingly important concept.	一个令人惊讶的重要概念。
46	If a light flashes rapidly enough,	如果一盏灯闪得足够快
47	humans eventually stop seeing flashes.	人类最终不再看到闪光.
48	Instead, the light appears continuous.	相反,光看起来是连续的。
49	For most people,	对于大多数人来说,
50	this occurs somewhere around 60 flashes per second.	这发生在每秒60闪电左右的地方。
51	But many animals can detect much faster	但很多动物都能更快地发现
52	changes.	变化。
53	Some birds can process over 100 flashes per second.	有些鸟类每秒可以处理100多个闪光.
54	Certain insects can detect even more,	某些昆虫更能发现
55	which means they are effectively receiving more visual updates from the world than we are.	也就是说他们比我们更能从世界接收到更多的视觉信息
56	Imagine upgrading from a 60Hz monitor to a 200Hz monitor.	想象一下从60Hz显示器升级到200Hz显示器.
57	The same amount of time passes,	同样的时间流逝,
58	but motion appears smoother, more detailed, more precise.	但运动看起来更平滑更详细更精确
59	Reality itself seems faster.	现实本身似乎更快。
60	Researchers believe something similar may occur in animals with rapid nervous systems.	研究者认为在神经系统快速的动物中可能会发生类似的情况.
61	The world isn't literally slowing down.	世界并没有减速
62	Instead, they are processing more information during the	相反,他们正在处理更多的信息。
63	same period of physical time.	同一时期的物理时间。
64	This may explain why flies are so difficult to catch.	这也许可以解释为什么苍蝇很难捕到。
65	To us,	对我们来说,
66	a swatting hand moves extremely quickly.	手动得很快
67	To the fly, the motion may be unfolding across	对苍蝇来说,运动可能正在展开
68	more perceptual moments, more opportunities to react, more chances to escape.	更多的视觉瞬间更多的反应机会更多的逃跑机会
69	In a sense,	从某种意义上说,
70	the fly is living through more experience per second than we are, and flies are not alone.	苍蝇每秒经历的经验都比我们多而且苍蝇并不孤单
71	Many small animals appear to process time unusually quick.	许多小动物似乎处理时间异常快。
72	In 2013, researchers reviewing	2013年,研究人员审查
73	studies across numerous species found a fascinating pattern.	在许多物种的研究中发现了一个迷人的模式。
74	Smaller animals generally perceive	更小的动物一般认为
75	temporal changes faster than larger animals.	时间变化快于大动物.
76	Mice process information faster than humans.	老鼠过程信息比人类快.
77	Small birds often outperform larger mammals.	小鸟的性能往往超过较大的哺乳动物.
78	Insects can be faster still.	昆虫还能更快
79	But why?	为什么?
80	Because	因为
81	animals tend to have faster metabolisms.	动物往往有更快的代谢.
82	Their hearts beat more rapidly.	他们的心跳更快
83	Their bodies burn	他们的尸体烧了
84	energy more quickly.	能量会更快
85	Their nervous systems often operate at higher speeds.	他们的神经系统经常以更高的速度运行.
86	Life happens fast when	生命发生得很快
87	you're small, and your perception seems to speed up with it.	你个子很小,你的感官似乎会加快
88	Consider a hummingbird.	考虑一只蜂鸟。
89	Its heart can	它的心脏可以
90	beat over 1,000 times per minute.	每分钟超过1000次。
91	Its wings can flap dozens of times every second.	它的翅膀每秒可以飞动数十次.
92	The world it	这个世界
93	inhabits demands extraordinary speed.	居民需要超乎寻常的速度。
94	Flowers must be located quickly.	花必须迅速定位.
95	Predators must be avoided	必须避免捕食者
96	instantly.	马上
97	Tiny delays can mean death.	微小的拖延可能意味着死亡.
98	Evolution appears to have equipped such animals with nervous	进化似乎使这些动物变得紧张
99	systems capable of keeping up.	能够跟上的系统。
100	But what happens at the opposite extreme?	但是在相反的极端会发生什么?
101	What about enormous	那大块头呢
102	animals?	动物?
103	What about creatures that move slowly?	慢慢移动的生物呢?
104	Do they experience time differently too?	他们经历的时间也不同吗?
105	Possibly.	也许吧
106	Large animals often process information more slowly than small ones.	大型动物通常比小型动物更慢地处理信息.
107	Not because they are	不是因为他们是
108	less intelligent, simply because their bodies operate on different timescales.	不太聪明,只是因为他们的身体在不同的时间尺度上运作.
109	An elephant's	一头大象
110	heart beats far more slowly than a mouse's.	心跳比老鼠慢得多
111	Its movements are slower.	它的移动速度较慢.
112	Its metabolism is slower.	其新陈代谢较慢.
113	Its life unfolds at a different pace.	它的生命以不同的速度展开.
114	Some scientists have suggested that larger animals	一些科学家认为,更大的动物
115	may effectively experience fewer perceptual moments per second.	每秒钟的感知时间可能减少。
116	If that's true, the elephant's world	如果这是真的,大象的世界
117	may feel subtly different from the mouse's.	可能觉得和老鼠的完全不同
118	Not less detailed.	不轻细.
119	Not less rich.	不减富贵.
120	Just slower.	慢慢来
121	But size is only part of the story.	但规模只是故事的一部分.
122	Because animals don't merely perceive the present.	因为动物不只能感知现在
123	Many appear capable of anticipating the future.	许多人似乎能够预见未来。
124	And this introduces another form of time	这引入了另一种时间形式
125	perception entirely.	感觉完全。
126	For centuries, people believed animals lived exclusively in the	几个世纪以来,人们相信动物只生活在
127	present moment.	现在
128	Humans planned, animals reacted.	人类有计划,动物有反应
129	Or so the story went.	故事还是这样
130	Modern research has	现代研究
131	complicated that picture.	复杂了那张照片。
132	Scrub Jays, for example, can hide food in multiple locations.	例如,Scrub Jays可以在多个地点隐藏食物.
133	Even more	更厉害
134	impressively, they appear capable of remembering what they stored, where they stored it, and when	令人印象深刻的是,他们似乎能够记住他们储存的东西,储存地点和何时
135	they stored it.	他们存起来的
136	Food that spoils quickly is retrieved earlier.	很快被破坏的食物早就被收回了
137	Food that remains edible	仍可食用的食物
138	is retrieved later.	稍后将检索。
139	The birds behave differently depending on how much time has passed.	鸟类的行为不同取决于时间的过去
140	Some	有点
141	researchers describe this as a form of mental time travel.	研究人员将此描述为一种精神时间旅行的形式.
142	A primitive ability to think about	一个原始的思考能力
143	the past and future.	过去和未来
144	Other animals show similar behaviours.	其他动物表现出类似的行为.
145	Chimpanzees save tools for future use.	黑猩猩保存工具供未来使用.
146	Ravens plan ahead.	乌鸦计划提前。
147	Even rats demonstrate evidence of replaying memories and simulating future routes	连老鼠都证明有重现记忆和模拟未来路线的证据
148	The more scientists study animal cognition, the harder it becomes to draw a clear line	研究动物认知的科学家越多,就越难划清界限
149	between human and non-human experiences of time.	在人类和非人类时间经历之间
150	Which brings us to perhaps the strangest question	这给我们带来了也许最奇怪的问题
151	of all.	总而言之。
152	Why does time feel faster as we get older?	为什么我们变老后时间会变快?
153	Most people have experienced this.	大多数人都经历过这种情况。
154	Summer holidays	夏季节假日
155	felt endless as children.	小时候感觉无穷无尽
156	But as adults, years seem to vanish.	但作为成年人, 岁月似乎消失了。
157	Christmas arrives shockingly quick.	圣诞节来得很快
158	Birthdays appear closer together.	生日会更亲密
159	The passage of time itself seems to accelerate.	时间的流逝本身似乎正在加速。
160	One theory	一个理论
161	suggests this happens because the brain pays special attention to novelty.	说这是因为大脑对新奇事物的特别关注
162	Children encounter	儿童遭遇
163	new experiences constantly.	新经验不断。
164	New places, new people, new skills, new discoveries.	新地方,新人,新技能,新发现.
165	The brain	大脑
166	records rich detailed memories.	记录了丰富的详细记忆。
167	Adults experience more repetition.	成年人会经历更多的重复。
168	Fewer moments stand out.	时间不多了
169	Looking	寻找
170	back, entire months appear compressed.	整个月看来都是压缩的
171	Now consider animals.	现在考虑动物。
172	Many animals live in worlds	很多动物生活在世界里
173	filled with constant novelty.	充满了不断的新奇
174	Every scent trail is different.	每条气味小径都不一样
175	Every hunt is different.	每次狩猎都不同
176	Every	每个
177	migration presents new challenges.	移徙带来了新的挑战。
178	Could this alter their perception of time?	这能否改变他们对时间的看法?
179	Possibly.	也许吧
180	The	那个
181	truth is that we still don't know.	事实是,我们仍然不知道。
182	And that's because time perception is one of the hardest	因为时间感知是最难的
183	subjects in science.	科学学科。
184	We can measure behaviour.	我们可以衡量行为。
185	We can measure reaction times.	我们可以测量反应时间。
186	We can observe	我们可以观察
187	brain activity.	脑活动.
188	But we cannot directly enter another creature's mind.	但我们不能直接进入另一个生物的大脑
189	We cannot know exactly	我们无法确切知道
190	how reality feels from the inside.	现实的内在感受
191	Which brings us back to the fly.	这让我们回到苍蝇。
192	When you watch it evade your	当你看着它逃避你
193	hand, you're seeing more than a quick reflex.	手,你看到的不只是快速反射。
194	You're seeing a nervous system that may be	你看到一个神经系统可能是
195	at a speed radically different from our own.	速度和我们完全不同
196	A world unfolding through more perceptual	一个通过更洞察的世界
197	moments.	时刻
198	More slices of experience.	更多经验
199	More opportunities to react.	有更多的机会作出反应。
200	And the deeper	更深处
201	scientists investigate, the stranger the picture becomes.	科学家调查, 陌生人的照片变成。
202	Time may not be a single experience	时间可能不是一次经历
203	shared equally by every living thing.	每个生物都一样
204	Instead, each species may inhabit its own version of the	相反,每个物种都可能栖息在自己的版本中。
205	present.	现在。
206	Its own tempo.	它自己的节奏。
207	Its own rhythm.	它自己的节奏。
208	Its own speed of reality.	它自己的现实速度。
209	A hummingbird, a tortoise,	蜂鸟乌龟
210	a dog, a mouse and a human all occupy the same physical universe.	一只狗、一只老鼠和一个人类都占据着同一个物理宇宙
211	The same seconds pass for each	每一秒都一样
212	of them.	他们。
213	Yet, the evidence suggests those seconds may not feel remotely the same.	然而,证据表明,这些秒可能感觉并不完全相同。
214	The hummingbird's	蜂鸟的
215	world may race.	世界可能会竞速
216	The tortoises may drift.	龟可能漂流.
217	The fly may witness an approaching hand in exquisite detail	苍蝇可能亲眼目睹一只精密的手
218	while we barely notice the beating of our own hearts.	而我们几乎没注意到我们自己的心跳。
219	And perhaps that's one of the strangest	也许这是最奇怪的
220	facts about life.	生活的事实。
221	Not that animals experience a different world from us, but that they may	不是动物会经历与我们不同的世界而是它们可能
222	a different flow of time itself.	不同的时间流本身。
223	The next time you fail to swat a fly, remember,	下次你再不打苍蝇的时候记住
224	it probably isn't predicting the future.	它可能不是预测未来。
225	It's just living through more of the present than you are.	它只是活在现在比你多。

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