没有社交接触，大脑会发生什么？

发布于 2026-07-10 · 时长 6:45

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:01	Everyone needs time to themselves, and peaceful solitude has stress-relieving benefits.	每个人都需要时间, 和平的孤独有缓解压力的好处。
0:07	But being alone takes on an entirely different dimension	但独自一人却有着完全不同的一面
0:11	when it creeps up or is forced upon you.	当它爬起来的时候,或被逼迫的时候,
0:15	When that's the case, the effects can be surprisingly extensive.	如果是这样的话,效果会非常广泛
0:20	And though different people experience distinct effects at different times,	虽然不同的人在不同的时间经历不同的效果,
0:25	symptoms tend to become more severe and persistent the longer one's isolated.	症状往往变得更加严重和持续一个人的隔离时间越长。
0:32	When someone is involuntarily confined to one space indefinitely	当有人非自愿地无限期地被限制在一个空间
0:37	for days, weeks, months, or even years,	几天、几周、几个月甚至几年
0:43	alone and without productive tasks, their body will likely undergo numerous changes.	单独和没有生产性任务,他们的身体就可能发生许多变化。
0:51	Let's take a look at what may happen and why.	让我们来看看会发生什么和为什么。

展开字幕全文（84 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Everyone needs time to themselves, and peaceful solitude has stress-relieving benefits.	每个人都需要时间, 和平的孤独有缓解压力的好处。
2	But being alone takes on an entirely different dimension	但独自一人却有着完全不同的一面
3	when it creeps up or is forced upon you.	当它爬起来的时候,或被逼迫的时候,
4	When that's the case, the effects can be surprisingly extensive.	如果是这样的话,效果会非常广泛
5	And though different people experience distinct effects at different times,	虽然不同的人在不同的时间经历不同的效果,
6	symptoms tend to become more severe and persistent the longer one's isolated.	症状往往变得更加严重和持续一个人的隔离时间越长。
7	When someone is involuntarily confined to one space indefinitely	当有人非自愿地无限期地被限制在一个空间
8	for days, weeks, months, or even years,	几天、几周、几个月甚至几年
9	alone and without productive tasks, their body will likely undergo numerous changes.	单独和没有生产性任务,他们的身体就可能发生许多变化。
10	Let's take a look at what may happen and why.	让我们来看看会发生什么和为什么。
11	Early on, stress hormones may spike, and as time passes, that stress can become chronic.	早期,应激激激素可能会激增,随着时间的流逝,该应激素可能会成为慢性.
12	Social interactions and meaningful activities are essential for emotional stability.	社会互动和有意义的活动对于情绪稳定至关重要。
13	This may be because they provide us with what researchers call social reality testing—	这可能是因为他们为我们提供了研究者所谓的社会现实测试——
14	a sort of sounding board where we can gauge how rational our perceptions are.	一种探空板,我们可以衡量我们的看法是多么合理。
15	So, when someone's deprived of those kinds of communication and tasks,	所以,当有人被剥夺这种沟通和任务,
16	their sense of identity and reality becomes threatened.	他们的身份感和现实受到威胁。
17	Their thoughts spiral and their impulses take the reins,	他们的思想螺旋和他们的冲动占据了控制,
18	setting the stage for depression, obsessions, suicidal ideation,	为抑郁、痴迷、自杀的念头创造条件,
19	and, for some, delusions and hallucinations.	对一些人来说,还有妄想和幻觉。
20	Over time, this prolonged agitation can cause the brain's limbic system,	随着时间的推移,这种长时间的躁动会导致大脑的四肢系统,
21	which regulates fear and stress, to become especially responsive and hyperactive.	控制恐惧和压力, 变得特别反应迅速和过度活跃。
22	Meanwhile, the prefrontal cortex, the brain's hub for reasoning and moral judgment,	同时前额皮层大脑的推理和道德判断中心
23	may shrink, impairing one's focus, memory, and cognition.	可能会收缩,损害一个人的焦点,记忆,和认知.
24	Overall, the balance shifts from rational thinking towards emotionality.	总体而言,平衡从理性思维转向情感.
25	And as someone remains in this state, the imbalance becomes ingrained,	而当有人仍然处于这种状态, 不平衡变得根深蒂固,
26	making them more prone to bouts of anxiety, rage, and irrational actions.	让他们更容易引发焦虑、愤怒和不理智的行动。
27	Isolation will also affect other parts of the person's health.	隔离也会影响他人健康的其他部分.
28	They may lose sense of time and have difficulties sleeping.	他们可能失去时间感,难以入睡。
29	They're more likely to experience heart palpitations, headaches,	他们更可能经历心跳,头痛,
30	dizziness, and hypersensitivity.	头晕和超敏
31	And they may also lose weight because of stress-induced digestive issues and poor appetite.	它们也可能因为压力引起的消化问题和食欲差而减肥.
32	One can attempt to cope by establishing the healthiest routine possible	可以尝试通过建立最健康的常规
33	under the extreme circumstances, including robust exercise, reading, and writing.	在极端情况下,包括扎实的锻炼、阅读和写作。
34	But that can only do so much.	但这只能做这么多。
35	The United Nations, many human rights organizations, and experts	联合国、许多人权组织和专家
36	classify this kind of forced, prolonged isolation as torture.	将这种强迫、长期隔离列为酷刑。
37	And yet, it's something imprisoned people in many countries endure.	然而,这是许多国家的囚犯所忍受的。
38	Also called solitary confinement, or restrictive housing,	又称单独监禁或限制性住房,
39	the practice is most common in the United States.	这种做法在美国最为普遍。
40	In 2019, more than 120,000 U.S. prisoners lived in solitary confinement,	2019年,超过120 000名美国囚犯被单独监禁,
41	spending 22 to 24 hours a day in mostly windowless cells	* 一天22至24小时在大部分没有窗户的牢房里度过
42	spanning roughly 6 by 9 feet.	长约6乘9英尺
43	Quaker groups introduced solitary confinement to U.S. prisons in the late 1700s	贵格会组织在1700年代末开始对美国监狱实行单独监禁
44	as an alternative to corporal punishment,	作为体罚的替代办法,
45	believing it could bring about reflection and penitence—	确信那能带来反思和悔罪。
46	hence penitentiary.	因此,监狱。
47	But the practice quickly faced criticism	但这个习俗很快受到批评
48	from public figures all the way to the Supreme Court.	从公众人物一直到最高法院。
49	Charles Dickens, for one, condemned solitary confinement	查尔斯·狄更斯被谴责的单独监禁
50	as worse than any torture of the body.	比身体上的任何折磨都糟糕
51	Its use dwindled, but then, in the 1980s,	它的使用减少,但后来在1980年代,
52	alongside more punitive, tough-on-crime laws,	加上更惩罚性、更严厉和犯罪的法律,
53	U.S. prison populations skyrocketed.	美国监狱人口激增。
54	As prisons grew crowded, incidences of protests, rebellions, and violence grew,	随着监狱日益拥挤,抗议、叛乱和暴力事件增加,
55	and prison authorities increasingly used solitary confinement to maintain control.	监狱当局越来越多地使用单独监禁来维持控制。
56	Many people have been placed in solitary confinement	许多人被单独监禁。
57	for minor, nonviolent infractions, like talking back to prison guards.	对于轻微的,非暴力的违纪行为, 就像对狱警说话。
58	And solitary confinement is harmful to everyone,	而单独监禁对每个人都有害,
59	but many who've experienced it have pre-existing mental health disorders,	但很多经历过这种病的人都患有精神疾病
60	which it only exacerbates.	它只会加剧。
61	Solitary confinement also seems to have lasting effects	单独监禁似乎也会产生持久影响
62	that make readjusting to life outside of a cell difficult.	这使得重新适应细胞外的生活变得困难。
63	People who have gone through solitary confinement	遭受单独监禁的人
64	are three times more likely to show signs of post-traumatic stress disorder,	有三倍的可能性显示创伤后应激障碍
65	and they commonly report experiencing shifts in their personalities,	他们常常说自己的性格有变化,
66	increased anxiety and paranoia in otherwise ordinary situations,	在其他普通情况下增加焦虑和偏执,
67	and difficulty concentrating and connecting with others.	也很难集中和联系其他人。
68	Some states have restricted the use of solitary confinement	一些州限制使用单独监禁
69	in cases involving serious mental illness, children, or pregnancy,	涉及严重精神病、儿童或怀孕的案件;
70	and some have adopted 15- or 20-day limits for everyone.	有些人对每个人都规定了15或20天的限制。
71	But laws that regulate solitary confinement aren't always enforced,	但规范单独监禁的法律并不总是得到执行,
72	and prison authorities have created loopholes.	监狱当局制造了漏洞。
73	Yet solitary confinement does immense damage that is contrary to rehabilitation	但单独监禁造成了与康复相悖的巨大损害。
74	while failing to reduce prison violence.	但没有减少监狱暴力。
75	Meanwhile, other countries have centered more humane approaches.	与此同时,其他国家以更人道的方式为中心。
76	Norway, for example, imprisons far fewer people per capita than the U.S.,	例如,挪威的人均监禁人数远低于美国,
77	while spending five times more per prisoner	每名囚犯花费5倍
78	on accommodations, classes, and work release programs.	关于住宿、上课和工作释放方案。
79	Norway also sees far fewer people return to prison after release,	挪威还看到获释后返回监狱的人少得多,
80	with one of the world's lowest rates of recidivism,	与世界最低的累犯率之一,
81	indicating we tend to get better together.	表明我们在一起会更好
82	Every year, hundreds of thousands of people in the U.S. who can't afford bail	每年都有数十万美国人无力保释
83	are forced to stay in jail until their case is resolved.	被强迫关进监狱直到他们的案子解决为止
84	Take a closer look at what has broken the cash bail system with this video.	仔细看看用这段视频打破现金保释制度的原因

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