风扇可能正在加热你

发布于 2026-07-18 · 时长 10:16

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	It is hot right now.	现在很热
0:01	Genuinely, historically, record-breakingly hot.	真正,历史上,创纪录的热。
0:05	And if you're sitting in	如果你坐进去
0:06	a room somewhere watching this and it's uncomfortable, you probably have a fan running.	在某个地方看这个感觉很不舒服你可能有个粉丝在跑
0:10	Maybe you even have two.	也许你甚至有两个。
0:12	But here's something that nobody tells you.	但有件事没人告诉你
0:14	Under the right conditions,	在合适的条件下,
0:15	that fan is making things worse.	那扇子让事情变得更糟了
0:19	Not a little worse, potentially fatally worse.	不差一点,可能致命的更差。
0:22	Blowing hot	吹热

展开字幕全文（223 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	It is hot right now.	现在很热
2	Genuinely, historically, record-breakingly hot.	真正,历史上,创纪录的热。
3	And if you're sitting in	如果你坐进去
4	a room somewhere watching this and it's uncomfortable, you probably have a fan running.	在某个地方看这个感觉很不舒服你可能有个粉丝在跑
5	Maybe you even have two.	也许你甚至有两个。
6	But here's something that nobody tells you.	但有件事没人告诉你
7	Under the right conditions,	在合适的条件下,
8	that fan is making things worse.	那扇子让事情变得更糟了
9	Not a little worse, potentially fatally worse.	不差一点,可能致命的更差。
10	Blowing hot	吹热
11	air across your skin when the temperature crosses a certain threshold doesn't cool you down.	当温度超过某一阈值时,你皮肤上的空气不会降温。
12	It	这个
13	speeds up the process and that'll kill you.	加快过程,那会杀了你。
14	And right now, in parts of this planet, those conditions	而现在,在这个星球的部分地区,这些条件
15	already exist.	已经存在。
16	This is the story of wet bulb temperature.	这是湿灯泡温度的故事。
17	A number most people have never	大部分人从来没有
18	heard of.	听说了
19	A threshold the human body cannot negotiate with.	人体无法与之谈判的门槛。
20	And a climate reality that is	以及气候现实
21	arriving faster than almost anyone expected.	到达的速度比预期的要快
22	But to understand why, you first need to understand	但为了理解原因,你首先需要明白
23	what your body is actually doing when it's hot.	当你的身体是热的。
24	And to understand why a fan can kill you, you first	为了了解为什么粉丝会杀了你,你先
25	need to understand how your body cools itself.	需要了解你的身体是如何冷却的
26	Because most people think the answer is sweating.	因为大多数人认为答案是出汗.
27	It's not.	这不是。
28	Not exactly.	不尽然
29	Sweating is just the delivery system.	流汗只是送货系统
30	The actual cooling mechanism	实际冷却机制
31	is evaporation.	是蒸发。
32	When sweat sits on your skin and evaporates, turning liquid into vapor,	当汗流在皮肤上蒸发液体变成蒸汽时
33	it carries away energy with it.	它随身携带能量
34	Thermal energy.	热能.
35	Heat.	热.
36	That's the process your body is depending	这就是你身体所依赖的过程
37	on every single second when you're hot.	每秒钟当你热。
38	Without evaporation, sweat is just wet.	没有蒸发,汗水就湿了
39	It does nothing.	没用的
40	This is why humid days feel so much worse than dry ones at the same temperature.	这就是为什么湿润的日子感觉比干燥的日子更糟在同样的温度。
41	In dry air,	在干燥的空气中,
42	sweat evaporates quickly.	汗水迅速蒸发.
43	You might not even notice you're sweating because it's gone before it builds	你可能甚至没有注意到你在流汗因为它还没有建成就消失了
44	up.	起来
45	In humid air, on the other hand, the atmosphere is already packed with moisture,	另一方面,在潮湿的空气中, 大气已经充满了水分,
46	and evaporation slows right down.	蒸发会减速
47	You feel drenched.	你感觉湿透了。
48	You feel like the heat is suffocating	你感觉热是窒息
49	you.	你们
50	Because in a very real sense, your cooling system is being limited.	因为在非常真实的意义上你的冷却系统是有限的。
51	Your body produces heat	你的身体产生热量
52	constantly.	不断的
53	Just from being alive.	刚从生.
54	From your heart beating to your cells burning fuel.	从心脏跳到细胞燃烧燃料
55	At rest,	休息的时候
56	you're generating roughly 80 watts of heat.	你正在产生大约80瓦的热量。
57	Do anything physical, and that number climbs fast.	做任何事情, 和数字攀升很快。
58	Exercise, and you can hit 6, 7, 800 watts.	锻炼,你可以打到6,7,800瓦特.
59	And all of that heat has to go somewhere.	所有的热量都得去别的地方
60	Evaporation is the primary exit route.	蒸发是主要出口路线.
61	And when that exit route closes, something has to give.	当出口通道关闭时一定有东西要给
62	And scientists found a way to measure exactly when that system starts to fail.	科学家们找到了一种方法来精确测量系统何时开始失效。
63	It's called	这叫做
64	wet bulb temperature.	湿灯泡温度。
65	Most people have never even heard of it.	大多数人甚至从来没有听说过它。
66	Meteorologists have been measuring	气象学家一直在测量
67	this problem for over 200 years using something called a wet bulb thermometer.	这个问题用了200多年使用一个叫做湿灯泡温度计。
68	It's almost comically	简直是滑稽
69	simple.	很简单
70	You take a regular thermometer, wrap its tip in a damp cloth, and expose it to the air.	你用一个普通的温度计,用湿布包裹它的尖端,使其暴露在空气中.
71	As water evaporates from the cloth, it cools down the thermometer.	当水从布上蒸发时,会冷却温度计.
72	The reading you get,	阅读你得到,
73	the wet bulb temperature, tells you exactly how efficiently evaporation is working in that moment.	湿润的灯泡温度告诉你在那一刻蒸发的效率有多高
74	In dry air, the wet bulb temperature is much lower than the actual air temperature,	在干燥空气中,湿灯泡温度远低于实际空气温度,
75	because the water evaporates easily and it cools the thermometer significantly.	因为水很容易蒸发温度计会大大冷却
76	In humid air, that gap closes.	在潮湿的空气中,缺口会拉近。
77	The wet bulb temperature creeps toward the actual air	潮湿的灯泡温度向着真正的空气移动
78	temperature.	温度。
79	And if the air becomes fully saturated, 100% humidity, there's no evaporation	如果空气完全饱和 100%的湿度没有蒸发
80	at all.	一点也不
81	The wet bulb temperature and the air temperature become identical.	湿灯泡温度和空气温度变得完全相同.
82	And this number,	而这个号码,
83	the wet bulb temperature, is arguably one of the most important climate metrics that most people	湿灯泡温度可以说是大多数人最重要的气候指标之一
84	have never even heard of.	从来没有听说过。
85	Because it doesn't just tell you how hot it is, it tells you how hot your	因为它不只是告诉你有多热它告诉你有多热
86	body experiences the heat.	身体经历热。
87	It tells you whether your cooling system can function or not.	它告诉你你的冷却系统是否正常
88	And	还有
89	there is a specific wet bulb temperature beyond which the human body simply cannot cope.	有一种特定的湿润灯泡温度,超过这个温度,人体根本无法应付。
90	So,	这么说
91	what is that number?	这是什么号码?
92	And what does it actually mean for your body?	这对你的身体意味着什么?
93	35 degrees Celsius, wet bulb.	35摄氏度,湿灯泡
94	That is the threshold.	这就是门槛。
95	Above it, the physics stop working in your favor.	在它上面,物理停止工作有利于你。
96	Your body temperature is	你的体温是
97	approximately 37 degrees.	大约37度。
98	For heat to leave your body into the surrounding air, the surrounding	为了让身体进入周围的空气周围
99	air needs to be able to accept it.	空气需要能够接受
100	At wet bulb temperature of 35 degrees, the air is so hot and	湿灯泡温度35度空气非常热
101	so saturated with moisture that evaporation from your skin becomes essentially zero.	水分饱和皮肤蒸发成零
102	Your body	你的身体
103	keeps generating heat, it keeps trying to sweat, but there is nowhere for the heat or the sweat to	不断产生热量,它不断试图出汗, 但是热量和汗量都无处可去。
104	go.	开始
105	Core temperatures begin to rise.	核心温度开始上升.
106	And unlike a fever, where the body deliberately rises the	不像发烧那样身体故意上升
107	temperature of the body to fight infection, that rise is uncontrolled.	身体的温度与感染作斗争, 上升是不受控制的。
108	Heat stroke, organ failure,	中风器官衰竭
109	and eventually death.	最终死亡
110	And this is where the fan comes in.	扇子就在这里
111	At moderate temperatures, a fan helps	在中温下,一个粉丝会帮忙
112	by moving air across your skin and accelerating evaporation.	通过移动空气穿过你的皮肤并加速蒸发。
113	That's the whole point of a fan.	这就是粉丝的要点
114	But when the air temperature rises above your skin temperature, roughly 35 degrees, a fan stops	但当空气温度超过你的皮肤温度, 大约35度,一个风扇停止了
115	helping with evaporation and starts doing something else.	帮助蒸发并开始做别的事情。
116	It's now blowing air that is hotter than you	现在吹的空气比你更热
117	onto your skin.	在你的皮肤。
118	You are essentially absorbing heat from the moving air.	你基本上吸收了移动空气中的热量。
119	The fan is now a convection	风扇现在是对流
120	heater aimed at your body.	热器瞄准你的身体。
121	Add high humidity to that, close to the wet bulb threshold, and you	加高湿度,接近湿灯泡阈值,你
122	have a worst case scenario.	情况最糟
123	Evaporation is already failing.	蒸发已经失败了。
124	The fan cannot restart it, but it can	风扇不能重启,但它可以
125	increase the rate at which hot air transfers its heat to you.	提高热空气向您转移热量的速度。
126	Under those conditions, the fan does	在这种情况下,粉丝会的
127	not save you.	没有救你。
128	It accelerates the process that'll kill you.	它加速了会杀了你的过程。
129	This is not a theoretical concern,	这不是一个理论上的关注,
130	this is documented.	这已经记录在案。
131	Studies have shown that in elderly people whose cardiovascular systems	研究表明,在心血管系统的老年人中,
132	struggle to compensate, a fan in extreme heat and humid conditions measurably increase core	在极端炎热和潮湿条件下的粉丝能够明显增加核心
133	temperatures rather than reducing it.	而不是降低温度。
134	Now, here is the part that should genuinely alarm you.	现在,这是应该真正提醒你的部分。
135	Scientists studying historical climate data believed, until fairly recently, that a sustained	研究历史气候数据的科学家直到最近都认为,
136	wet bulb temperature of 35 degrees was essentially unprecedented in the modern era.	35度湿灯泡温度在现代基本上是前所未有的。
137	Something to	东西
138	worry about in the future.	担心未来
139	The threshold humanity had not yet crossed.	人类尚未越过门槛。
140	They were wrong.	他们错了
141	A 2020 study	2020年的一项研究
142	published in Science Advances analyzed decades of water station data and had found that the wet	《进步》分析了数十年的水站数据,发现湿润
143	bulb temperature of 35 degrees, or at least very close to it, had already occurred in South Asia,	南亚的灯泡温度为35度,或至少接近35度,
144	in the Persian Gulf, in parts of the American Midwest, and in the Gulf Coast.	分布于波斯湾,美国中西部部分地区以及海湾沿岸.
145	These events were	这些事件是:
146	short, hours, not days.	短,小时,不是几天。
147	But they happened, and they happened more frequently than anyone had	但是,他们发生了, 他们发生的频率比任何人都多
148	predicted.	预言。
149	The Persian Gulf city of Bandar-Mashhar in Iran recorded a wet bulb temperature of	伊朗的波斯湾城市Bandar-Mashhar记录了湿润的灯泡温度:
150	34.6 degrees in 2015, combined with an air temperature of 46 degrees.	2015年的气温为34.6度,加之气温为46度.
151	Conditions that	条件
152	set at the absolute edge of human survivability.	设定在人类生存的绝对边缘。
153	People lived there, people were outside, and each	人们住在那里, 人们在外面,每个
154	year the frequency of these extreme heat and humidity events increases.	这些极端热和湿度事件的频率增加。
155	Parts of South Asia,	南亚部分地区,
156	home to billions of people, many of whom work outdoors, many of whom have no access to air	家住数十亿人,其中许多人在户外工作,其中许多人没有空气。
157	are projected to experience regular, sustained wet bulb temperatures that cross the survival	预测会经历经常持续湿润的灯泡温度
158	threshold within decades.	数十年来的门槛。
159	Not centuries, decades.	不是几个世纪,几十年。
160	This isn't a distant problem,	这不是一个遥远的问题,
161	it's an arriving one.	它的到达。
162	But here's the catch, 35 degrees wet bulb is actually the optimistic number.	但这里的捕获,35度的湿灯泡实际上是乐观的数字。
163	Now here's the thing about the 35 degree wet bulb figure.	关于35度湿灯泡的图案
164	It represents the absolute physiological	它代表绝对的生理
165	limit for a young healthy adult at rest in a laboratory under ideal conditions.	限制年轻健康成年人在理想条件下在实验室休息。
166	Real life	真实生活
167	isn't that.	对不对?
168	Studies suggest that for most people, accounting for age, health, physical effort,	研究表明,对大多数人来说,考虑到年龄、健康、体力,
169	and whether they have shade or shelter, dangerous heat stress begins at wet bulb temperature closer	无论是有遮阳还是有掩蔽处危险热应力从湿灯泡温度更接近开始
170	to 28 degrees.	28度时
171	For elderly people, that number drops even further.	对于老年人来说,这一数字会进一步下降。
172	For someone doing manual	给一个人做手动
173	labor outdoors, the physical effort alone means their body is generating far more heat to shed.	劳动室外,光是体力就意味着他们的身体在产生更多的热量流出。
174	So the threshold where they start losing the battle arrives much sooner.	所以他们开始输掉这场战役的门槛很快就到了
175	This matters	这很重要
176	enormously when you look at who is most at risk.	当你看谁最危险的时候
177	It is not people sitting in an air-conditioned	不是有人坐在空调里
178	office watching the thermometer.	办公室看温度计。
179	It is agricultural workers in India and Pakistan.	它是印度和巴基斯坦的农业工人。
180	It is construction	这是建筑
181	workers in the Gulf.	在海湾的工人。
182	It is elderly people in European apartments during a surprise heat wave,	是欧洲公寓里的老人在突然的热浪中
183	which is exactly what killed over 70,000 people across Europe in 2003.	这正是2003年欧洲70,000多人死亡的原因。
184	The number 35 degrees wet	号码35度湿度
185	bulb is technically where survival becomes impossible for anyone.	从技术上讲,灯泡是任何人都无法生存的地方。
186	But the range between	但范围
187	28 and 35 is where the majority of heat deaths actually happen.	28和35是热死亡的发生地。
188	And we are spending an increasing	我们花费了越来越多的钱
189	amount of time in that range.	该范围内的时间。
190	So, back to the fan.	所以,回到粉丝。
191	The reason that a fan can make you die faster	粉丝让你死得更快的原因
192	isn't because fans are dangerous.	不是因为粉丝很危险
193	It's because the conditions in which fans stop working and	是因为粉丝停止工作的条件
194	start harming are conditions that now exist on this planet.	开始伤害是这个星球上现在存在的条件
195	Conditions that are becoming	正在形成的条件
196	more and more common.	越来越常见。
197	And conditions that most people have no framework for understanding	以及大多数人没有理解框架的条件
198	because almost nobody talks about wet bulb temperature.	因为几乎没人谈论湿灯泡温度
199	We talk about air temperature,	我们谈论气温,
200	we talk about heat index, feel-like temperatures, and warnings to stay hydrated.	我们谈论热指数, 感觉像温度, 和警告保持水分。
201	But the actual	但实际上
202	physical limit, the number that tells you whether your body's cooling system can function at all,	物理极限, 数字告诉你你的身体的冷却系统完全可以运作,
203	rarely makes the news.	新闻很少传出去
204	35 degrees wet bulb, that's the wall.	35度湿灯泡,那是墙壁。
205	Below it, your body can find.	在下面,你的身体可以发现。
206	Above it, no amount of water, no amount of shade, no fan, nothing changes the outcome.	其上,无水之量,无荫之量,无扇,无变之果.
207	The physics	物理学
208	have closed the door.	关门了
209	And the honest, uncomfortable truth is this.	而诚实,不舒服的真相是这个。
210	Parts of the world are already	世界的部分地区已经
211	touching that wall.	触摸墙壁。
212	More parts will reach it.	更多部分会到达它。
213	And billions of people living in those regions	以及生活在那些地区的数十亿人
214	have no way to get behind the only thing that reliable works above the threshold,	唯一可靠能超越门槛的东西
215	air conditioning.	空调。
216	Which for billions of people in parts of the earth already crossing this threshold	对于地球部分地区的数十亿人来说已经越过了这个门槛
217	isn't an option.	这不是一个选择。
218	Next time it's hot, and right now it is very hot, and you reach for that fan,	下次很热,现在很热,你去找那个粉丝
219	now you know what it can and cannot do, and why sometimes the thing that you reach for	现在你知道它能做什么,不能做什么, 为什么有时你接触到的东西
220	to save yourself is the thing that makes it worse.	拯救自己才是更糟糕的
221	Now you know what it can and cannot do, and why	现在你知道它能做什么,不能做什么,为什么
222	sometimes the thing that you reach for to save yourself is the thing that makes it worse.	有时候你为了救自己而伸手的就是让事情更糟的东西
223	Now you know what it can and cannot do, and why sometimes the thing that you reach for to save	现在你知道它能做什么和不能做什么, 为什么有时你会去拯救它

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