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从烤面包机看懂人类思维

从烤面包机看懂人类思维

从烤面包机看懂人类思维

发布于 2026-08-24 · 时长 15:14

字幕摘录

时间英文中文
0:00There's not a single person in the world that knows how to make this toaster.世界上没有一个人知道如何制作这个烤面包机.
0:04I know that might seem impossible, but it's true.我知道这似乎是不可能的,但这是真的。
0:07Let me explain.让我解释一下
0:09In 2011, British designer and writer Thomas Thwaites tried to build a toaster from scratch.2011年,英国设计师兼作家托马斯·特韦兹(Thomas Thwaites)试图从零开始建造烤面包机.
0:14Nothing crazy, just a simple electric toaster equivalent to any cheap one you could find没什么疯狂的,只是一个简单的电动烤面包机 相当于任何便宜的,你可以找到的
0:19at a department store.在百货公司。
0:21He figured, especially with his design experience, how hard could it be?他认为,特别是他的设计经验,能有多难?
0:25Turns out, for one person, it's impossible.结果,一个人,这是不可能的。
0:28When he bought and opened a toaster to base his own on, Thwaites was immediately distraught.当他购买并打开一个烤面包机以建立自己的基础时,Thwaites立刻心烦意乱.
0:33Despite it being a cheap $6 toaster, there were 400 parts made of more than 100 different materials.尽管它是一个廉价的6元烤面包机,但有400个零件由100多种不同的材料制成.
展开字幕全文(249 条)
序号英文中文
1There's not a single person in the world that knows how to make this toaster.世界上没有一个人知道如何制作这个烤面包机.
2I know that might seem impossible, but it's true.我知道这似乎是不可能的,但这是真的。
3Let me explain.让我解释一下
4In 2011, British designer and writer Thomas Thwaites tried to build a toaster from scratch.2011年,英国设计师兼作家托马斯·特韦兹(Thomas Thwaites)试图从零开始建造烤面包机.
5Nothing crazy, just a simple electric toaster equivalent to any cheap one you could find没什么疯狂的,只是一个简单的电动烤面包机 相当于任何便宜的,你可以找到的
6at a department store.在百货公司。
7He figured, especially with his design experience, how hard could it be?他认为,特别是他的设计经验,能有多难?
8Turns out, for one person, it's impossible.结果,一个人,这是不可能的。
9When he bought and opened a toaster to base his own on, Thwaites was immediately distraught.当他购买并打开一个烤面包机以建立自己的基础时,Thwaites立刻心烦意乱.
10Despite it being a cheap $6 toaster, there were 400 parts made of more than 100 different materials.尽管它是一个廉价的6元烤面包机,但有400个零件由100多种不同的材料制成.
11How was he possibly going to acquire or make all the materials and parts needed?他可能如何获得或制造所有所需材料和部件?
12He had little to no idea where to obtain things like iron ore, plastic, copper, and rubber.他几乎不知道从哪里得到铁矿石、塑料、铜和橡胶。
13And so he began talking to professors and experts, reading up on the history and logistics于是他开始与教授和专家交谈, 阅读历史和后勤
14of various kinds of material sourcing and manufacturing.各种材料来源和制造。
15Over the following nine months, Thwaites found himself on an obscure journey across industries,在接下来的九个月里,Thwaites发现自己在一段模糊的跨行业旅程中,
16the world, and history.世界和历史
17He got copper from an abandoned mine on the island of Anglesey in Wales, obtained iron他从威尔士安格莱西岛上的废弃矿井里 得到了铜
18ore from Clearwell Caves in England and then tried to smelt it using a homemade furnace,英国Clearwell洞穴的矿石 然后试图用自制炉子熔炼
19extracted mica off mountains in Scotland, and attempted to make plastic from potato从苏格兰的山上提取米卡 并尝试用土豆做塑料
20starch in his backyard.淀粉在他的后院。
21In the end, after nine months and thousands of dollars, Thwaites essentially had nothing最终,经过九个月零几千美元, Thwaites基本上什么都没有
22in the form of a fully functioning toaster.一种完全正常运转的烤面包机
23He couldn't figure out how to make rubber from scratch, so the wires had no insulation,他无法想出如何从零开始制造橡胶, 所以电线没有绝缘性,
24and after five seconds of the toaster being plugged in and ran, the heating element并经过5秒钟的烤面包机 插入和运行,加热元素
25melted itself.融化了自己 融化了自己 融化了自己
26Thwaites' entire experiment, which would come to be known as the Toaster Project,他等待着整个实验 被称为烤面包机计划
27was inspired by a scene in Douglas Adams' novel series, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy,受道格拉斯·亚当斯小说系列的一幕启发 希契克的银河指南
28where a 20th century man finds himself stranded on a planet with technologically primitive people.一个20世纪的人发现自己 被困在一个技术原始的星球上
29He assumes that, with his experience with advanced technology,他假设,凭借他在先进技术方面的经验,
30he'll be able to become a kind of emperor of the planet and transform its conditions.他能够成为地球的皇帝 改变它的状况
31Instead, he soon realizes, although he originally came from a world which had cars and computers相反,他很快意识到,虽然他最初来自一个拥有汽车和计算机的世界
32and ballet and Armagnac, he didn't, by himself, know how any of it worked.芭蕾舞和阿马尼亚克, 他不知道它是如何工作的。
33He couldn't do it.他办不到
34Left to his own devices, he couldn't build a toaster.留给自己的设备,他无法建造烤面包机.
35He could just about make a sandwich, and that was it.他可以做个三明治,就这样
36Without the rest of modern society, the intricate network of people, knowledge, and systems,没有现代社会的其余部分 复杂的人、知识和系统网络
37each with their own essential node in the process of civilization and its products,在文明及其产物的进程中,
38the man really couldn't do much of anything in the modern technological sense.这个人在现代科技意义上真的无能为力
39Thwaites' project showed that this is also true for each of us on this planet right now.Thwaites的项目表明,这对我们这个星球上的每一个人来说都是如此。
40Think about every object you use on a daily basis.考虑你每天使用的每一个物体.
41From simple household items like forks, bottles, and couches, to intricate devices like phones,从简单的家庭用品 比如叉子、瓶子和沙发 到电话等复杂设备
42computers, cars, and toasters.电脑、汽车和烤面包机
43Every single one of them have massive intricate lineages of conception,每一个都有着巨大的复杂 的受孕血统,
44design, production, and distribution required for them to wind up in each of our hands and homes.设计、生产和分配 让他们进入我们每个人的手中和家中
45As individuals, not only understanding, but carrying out the complete process of production作为个人,不仅理解,而且进行完整的生产过程
46for any object or technology, let alone all the objects we use, would be impossible.对于任何物体或技术,更不用说我们使用的所有物体,都是不可能的。
47With exception to simple, primitive tools, we would not accomplish much of anything on our own.除了简单、原始的工具之外,我们无法单独完成很多事情。
48Consider that in the case of a simple toaster, the copper for the wiring might be mined in Chile,考虑在简单烤面包机的情况下,布线的铜可能在智利开采,
49processed in China, and then sent elsewhere for assembly.在中国加工,然后送往别处装配.
50The nickel that makes up the heating element might be mined in Indonesia,构成加热元素的镍可能在印度尼西亚开采,
51and then sent to China to be refined.然后被派往中国去修炼.
52The iron ore might be mined in Australia, which still needs to be smelted into iron,铁矿石可能在澳大利亚开采 还需要熔炼成铁
53refined into steel, and then fabricated into the parts that make up the toaster's body and frame.炼成钢材,然后制成构成烤面包机体和框架的零件.
54This goes for every part and material of the 400 plus parts that make up a simple toaster.这对组成一个简单的烤面包机的 400 + 零件的每一部分和材料来说都是如此。
55Hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals are essential to the process.数百人,甚至数以千计,对这一进程至关重要。
56Miners, designers, engineers, chemists, manufacturers, business operators, deliverers,矿工、设计师、工程师、化学家、制造商、商业经营者、送货人、
57and so on.诸如来.
58Most of whom only know how to carry out their part of the process.他们中的大多数只知道如何履行他们在这一过程中的职责。
59Almost everything you use and touch on an average day几乎所有你使用和接触 平均一天
60is a kind of miracle forged out of the material of the earth and the human mind.这是一种奇迹 由地球和人类的心灵所创造
61Human engineering facilitated by vast networks of manufacturing,由庞大的制造业网络推动的人类工程,
62brought to you by carefully orchestrated distribution channels,通过精心策划的传播渠道,
63all of which originated from human thoughts and ideas.所有这一切都源于人类的思想和思想。
64In the words of poet John Donne,用诗人约翰·唐恩的话
65No man is an island entire of itself.没有人是整个岛。
66Every man is a piece of the continent,每个人都是大陆的一部分
67a part of the main, the beginning of everything.一部分主, 一切的开始。
68One thing that Thwaites discovered that is even more interesting and potentiallyThwaites发现的一件事 更有趣 更有可能
69existential crisis inducing is that the smaller the scale you want to work on,生存危机的诱导 是越小的尺度 你想工作,
70the further back in time you have to go.更远的时间 你必须去。
71Every man-made object and technology is not only connected to the web of modern industry,每个人造的物体和技术 不仅与现代工业的网络相连
72but also to the web of human history.同时也是人类历史的网络
73The history of everything.一切历史.
74Every new idea, every new design, every new object and technology,每一个新的想法,每一个新的设计,每一个新的对象和技术,
75is built on the back of prior ideas, designs, and technologies,建立在以前的想法、设计和技术的背后,
76all the way back to the first and simplest ideas and technologies.回到最简单的想法和技术
77Man learned to create fire hundreds of thousands of years ago,人类在数十万年前学会制造火
78so that now we can toast slices of bread equally on both sides at the same time.这样我们就可以同时在两边 一起烤面包
79One does not exist without the other.一个不存在,另一个不存在。
80Nothing exists without everything that led to it.没有导致它的一切,就不存在任何东西。
81But where did everything come from to begin with?但一切从何而来?
82Where did it all start?从哪开始的?
83Humanity itself does not exist in a vacuum.人类本身并不存在真空。
84We are a species in the context of nature and evolution and the world.我们是自然、进化和世界背景下的一个物种。
85And yet we are apparently alone in creating fire,然而,我们显然独自一人,
86forging swords, constructing buildings, flying planes,造剑 建造建筑物 飞行器
87and building computers and digital intelligence systems, and everything else.电脑和数字情报系统 以及其他一切
88But why is this the case?但为什么这样?
89Why and how did humanity separate so significantly from the apparent nature of everything else?为什么人类与其他事物的明显性质如此显著地分离?
90The answer is, in large part, found in one of the most unsuspecting and almost humorous places.答案很大程度上是在最不怀疑和几乎幽默的地方之一找到的.
91thumb指.
92The opposable appendage, sticking out the sides of each of our hands.可对抗的附着物 伸出我们双手的两侧
93By appearance alone, the opposable thumb might seem to be a modest biological mutation.仅从表面上看,可对抗的拇指可能似乎是一种适度的生物突变.
94But this little appendage changed the world completely,但这个小附身彻底改变了世界
95allowing for a whole new realm of existence.允许全新的存在领域。
96All the networks of civilization that we experience today,我们今天经历的所有文明网络
97every technology and man-made object, the state of the world,所有技术和人造物体 世界状况
98our endless yearn made tangible, is, in large part, the product of this thing on our hands.我们无休止的渴望是显而易见的, 在很大程度上是我们手上的产物。
99With it brought almost everything else.它带来了几乎所有的东西。
100The thumb brain.拇指脑.
101In 2025, a study out of the University of Reading in the UK,2025年,在英国阅读大学进行的一项研究,
102titled Human Dexterity and Brains Evolved Hand in Hand,名为"人类德克斯特和大脑的手动演化",
103explored the relationship between the size of opposable thumbs and the size of brains.探讨了可对抗拇指大小与大脑大小之间的关系.
104The researchers analyzed nearly a hundred living and fossil primate species,研究人员分析了近百种活的和化石的灵长类物种,
105including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans,包括人类,黑猩猩,大猩猩,猩猩,
106macaques, and other ancient hominid species.其它古人类物种
107What they found surprised them.他们发现什么让他们吃惊。
108Longer thumbs not only appear to have a correlation with larger brain sizes,更长的拇指 不仅看起来与更大的大脑尺寸有关
109but the part of the brain that is bigger relative to longer thumbs is the neocortex.但大脑中相对于更长的拇指更大的部分是神经瘤.
110The part of the brain responsible for higher order functions,大脑中负责更高秩序功能的部分,
111like conscious thought, sensory perception, spatial reasoning, and complex language.比如意识思考,感知感知,空间推理,以及复杂的语言.
112This suggests that these two things potentially grow together, the thumb and the neocortex.这表明这两种东西可能一起生长,即拇指和新科特克斯.
113On the face of it, this might seem kind of absurd.从表面上看,这似乎有点荒谬。
114How or why would the thumb have any direct relationship with consciousness,拇指如何或为什么与意识有任何直接的关系,
115with language, and with the complexity of thought?语言和思想的复杂性?
116Though certainly bizarre, after examining it further, it makes a lot of sense.虽然很诡异,但经过进一步研究后,它很有道理。
117Without thumbs in some form, we wouldn't be able to meaningfully create or engage in anything没有某种形式的拇指,我们就无法有意义地创造或从事任何事情
118that requires gripping, grasping, holding, or pinching.这需要抓住,抓住, 持有,或捏。
119This includes early primitive tools like hammer stones, axes, sticks, and spears.这包括早期原始的工具,如锤石,斧头,棍子,和矛.
120If humans never evolved thumbs, these tools would likely have never existed in the forms they did,如果人类从不进化出拇指 这些工具很可能从来就不存在
121and tools would have likely remained extremely simplistic.并且工具可能仍然极为简单。
122Consider the tools of other species without opposable thumbs.考虑其他物种的工具,没有可对抗的拇指.
123Crows bend and shape twigs, finches use cactus spines, otters use rocks, and elephants direct乌鸦弯曲并形成树枝,鳍部使用仙人掌脊椎,水獭使用岩石,大象直接
124branches with their trunks.树枝和树干
125All of which is extremely simplistic, imprecise, and limited.所有这些都极为简单、不准确和有限。
126This, of course, matters a lot.这当然很重要
127If human tools remained equally imprecise and primitive, then early如果人类工具同样不精确和原始,那么早期
128humans would have been less precise in what they could do and build with such tools.人类用这些工具可以做什么和建设的并不那么精确。
129And if humans were less precise and more simplistic in their interfacing with the world,如果人类在与世界的交往中不够精确和简单
130then the mental modeling required to engage with tools in the world would have also remained那时,在世界上与工具打交道所需的精神模特也将继续
131more simplistic and minimal.更简单和最小。
132A species doesn't need complex terms and conceptual modeling一个物种不需要复杂的术语和概念模型
133for a world that they poke and smash.为了一个被他们戳破的世界
134But for a world that comprises increasing但对于一个不断增长的世界来说
135intricacy and strategy, it does.复杂和策略,它是。
136Complex tools seem to apply a kind of复杂的工具似乎应用一种
137pressure on the brain to expand.对大脑的压力 扩张。
138As the possibility and complexity of tools increase,随着工具的可能性和复杂性的增加,
139so too must cognition.因此,也必须认识到。
140And as cognition increases, so too can the complexity of tools.随着认知的增加,工具的复杂性也随之增加.
141What seems to be the result of a limited ability to grasp and grip isn't a slower控制力和控制力有限的结果 似乎不是比较慢
142development of tools, but it results in them never really getting off the ground floor.开发工具,但它的结果是,它们从来没有真正离开一楼。
143And consciousness thus never really expands, and civilization never begins.因此,意识从来没有真正扩张,文明也没有开始。
144But of course, we did evolve dumps.但是,当然,我们确实进化了垃圾堆。
145We learned to grasp, grip, pinch, and create.我们学会了抓住 抓住 抓住 创造
146We created axes and hammerstones, then spears and bow and arrows, then plows and the written我创造了斧头、锤子、矛头、弓箭、犁头和经文。
147word, then cars and planes and computers.然后是汽车、飞机和电脑
148Each of these creations expanded the每一个创造都扩大了
149possibilities and needs of the human species.人类的可能性和需要。
150At each point, the complexity of our relationship每当我们的关系变得复杂
151with the world grew.随着世界的增长。
152And at each point, so too did our cognitive abilities, creating a在每一点,我们的认知能力也一样, 创造了一个
153feedback loop where every cognitive enhancement has led to a greater ability to create more反馈循环,在这种循环中,每个认知增强都导致创造更多知识的能力增强。
154advanced tools and technologies, which continues to lead to cognitive enhancements, so on and so先进工具和技术,继续导致认知增强,等等
155forth.离开。
156What have we done?我们做了什么?
157In the early 1890s, there were new campus buildings being constructed1890年代早期,兴建了新的校园建筑.
158at Ohio State University.在俄亥俄州立大学
159As part of the new developments, a large central grass space was作为新发展的一部分,一个巨大的中央草原空间是
160created that would come to be known as the Oval.创造了将被称为 " 孤儿 " 。
161For years, there were no official walkways in the多年来,没有正式的走道
162Oval.欧华.
163Just an open field.只是一块空地
164As students began walking across the grass to get to and from当学生们开始走过草地
165different buildings, however, they began choosing specific routes that were shortest or most然而,不同的建筑开始选择最短或最短的具体路线。
166convenient.简便。
167Soon, dirt trails began to appear on these routes as the students wore the grass很快,这些路线上开始出现泥土痕迹 当学生穿草
168down from frequent walking.经常走下来。
169Then, even more students began to walk the same routes, now with然后,更多的学生开始走同样的路线,现在与
170a visual trail.一个视觉线索。
171These worn down trails are what are known as desire paths.这些被磨损的痕迹 被称为欲望之路。
172They appear all over到处都是
173the world in cities, campuses, and parks for similar reasons.世界在城市,校园, 和公园 出于类似的原因。
174By the early 1900s at Ohio State到1900年代初在俄亥俄州立大学
175University, the university based their placement of concrete sidewalks in the Oval off these desire大学,大学把混凝土人行道 安置在奥瓦尔 以这些欲望为中心
176paths.路径。
177The outcome was a strange asymmetrical pattern of sidewalks sprawling across the grass结果是人行道的不对称模式 横跨草丛
178field, each path meeting at certain centers and connection points, all together creating a kind字段,每个路径在一定的中心点和连接点相会,共同创建一种
179of webbing of apparent random connectivity forged by the continual patterns of human desire and人类不断的欲望模式和
180goals.目标。
181We so often feel like we are choosing where we are going, what we are doing, and why.我们常常感到我们选择我们要去的地方、我们在做什么和为什么。
182But不过
183history is a desire path.历史是一种欲望之路。
184The world is a network of these apparently random connections forged by世界是一个网络 这些显然随机 连接由
185the patterns of human desire and goals, through which we each walk every day and every moment.人类的欲望和目标的规律, 我们每天和每时每刻都通过这些模式行走。
186The development of tools and technologies don't merely affect how we tangibly interact with the工具和技术的发展并不仅仅影响我们如何与
187world, but also how we understand and think about it abstractly.我们如何抽象地理解和思考它。
188We each not only arrive with our我们不只带着我们
189thumbs, but we arrive with our particular cognitive models of the world, a particular size of the拇指,但我们来到了 我们特殊的认知模型 世界,一个特殊的大小
190neocortex, and an understanding of phenomena developed and facilitated by a state of technology和对由技术状况发展和推动的现象的理解
191and a corresponding state of culture.和相应的文化状态。
192Thumbs did not merely lead to spears, spoons, writing,拇指不仅仅导致长矛,勺子,写作,
193toasters, and cell phones, but they also in some meaningful sense led to the creation of religions,烤面包机和手机 但从某种意义上来说 也导致了宗教的产生
194of philosophies, of ideologies, of beliefs.哲学、意识形态、信仰
195Where does everything go from here?一切从何而去.
196Before thumbs,在拇指之前,
197animals couldn't grasp or grip the world.动物无法掌握世界
198Thumbs evolved as a way to literally do this,拇指进化 作为一种方法 字面上做到这一点,
199to gain greater control over the world and its inherent chaos and uncertainty.获得对世界及其固有的混乱和不确定性的更大控制。
200But ironically, through what thumbs have allowed us to do and create and understand,但讽刺的是,通过拇指 允许我们做什么 创造和理解,
201we have mostly discovered how little control we can ever have over anything.我们发现我们无法控制一切
202We have built我们建造了
203an unfathomably complex civilization, cultures and industries, ideologies and religions and文明、文化和工业、意识形态和宗教
204philosophies, math and science.哲学,数学与科学.
205We have created fire and toasters and smartphones, all to have我创造了火炉、烤面包机、智能手机,
206no control over or understanding of the very things and systems we built.没有控制或理解 我们建立的东西和系统。
207The modern world现代世界
208is a kind of self-propelling network of desires formed from the walking paths of the humans and一种自我推动的欲望网络 从人类和人类的行走中形成
209species before us.我们面前的物种。
210Modern industry and culture move forward, producing new technologies and new现代工业和文化向前发展,生产新技术和新技术。
211ideas that appear in our hands and our homes and our minds.我们的家园和思想中出现的想法。
212And yet, we never really can see or然而,我们从来没有真正看到或
213understand the complete process of any of it, where it all comes from, how it's made, and why.了解其中任何一个过程的完整过程,所有过程来自何处,如何制作,以及原因.
214Ultimately, each of our existences are a network of contingencies that no one person or group ever归根结底,我们每一个存在 是一个突发事件网络 从来没有任何人或团体
215had a say in, ever started, or can ever fully understand or take control of.或能够完全理解或控制
216Our beliefs and我们的信仰和
217ideas are really not so dissimilar from a toaster, made of hundreds if not thousands of parts and想法与烤面包机真的没有那么不同, 由数百甚至数千个零件组成,
218materials sourced from all over the world and tracing deep into history.来自世界各地的材料 并追踪到历史深处
219What would we have我们会有什么
220been without thumbs?没有拇指?
221What would the world have become?世界会变成什么?
222Perhaps something entirely alien to us,也许我们之间完全陌生的东西
223or perhaps something incredibly basic and simple.也许是一些非常简单的基本事物
224We'll never know, but we can know that the world我们永远不会知道, 但我们可以知道世界
225we have created appears entirely alien to everything else in the cosmos.我们所创造的一切与宇宙中的一切完全不同
226A beautiful一个美丽的
227and terrifying array of technological and cognitive possibility, of desire and need,以及各种可怕的技术和认知可能性、欲望和需要,
228of good and bad, of intelligence and ignorance.善恶,智慧和无知
229We don't know where we are going or why.我们不知道我们要去哪里或为什么。
230We don't我们没有
231know why the whole process started.知道为什么整个过程开始。
232We don't know what our thumbs and minds will hold next.我们不知道接下来的拇指和头脑会是什么
233But in any and every moment, we can know just how absurd and improbable holding anything is.但是,在任何时刻,我们都知道,持有任何东西是多么荒谬和不可能。
234From the simplest to the grandest of moments and objects.从最简单到最伟大的时刻和物体
235For a toaster to arrive on your一个烤面包机 到达你的
236counter.计数器。
237For a pen to arrive in your drawer.你抽屉里有支笔
238For shoes to arrive on your feet.让你脚踏实地的鞋子
239A phone in电话进来了
240your pocket.你口袋里的东西
241A concept in your mind.你脑子里有个概念
242And a thumb on your hand.和拇指在你的手上。
243Through our thumbs and minds,通过我们的拇指和思想,
244we have changed the world completely.我们彻底改变了世界。
245This is no doubt equated to many miraculous things,这无疑相当于许多奇迹
246but it is also equated to many devastating things.但它也等同于许多毁灭性的东西。
247We must use our thumbs and minds,我们必须用我们的拇指和头脑
248our capabilities and power, as much as we do to create and innovate, to help preserve and protect我们的能力和力量,就像我们创造和创新一样,帮助维护和保护
249this planet, to undo damage we've done, and to help nature in ways that only we as humans can.以我们人类所能达到的方式帮助大自然
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