洗碗前需要先冲洗餐具吗？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | 1883年,美国社会人物约瑟芬·科克伦(Josephine Cochrane) | |
| 0:04 | was suddenly widowed and left with mounting debts. | 突然丧偶 债务累累 |
| 0:07 | But she had an idea she hoped would turn her fortunes around. | 但她有个想法 她希望能扭转她的命运 |
| 0:11 | Years of hosting lavish dinner parties | 举办奢侈晚宴的年份 |
| 0:13 | and watching her dishware get chipped during handwashing | 看着她的餐具在洗手时被切碎 |
| 0:16 | convinced her the world needed a better way to clean dishes. | 让她相信世界需要更好的方法来清洁菜肴 |
| 0:21 | So she poured the little money she had left into building a prototype, | 于是她把剩下的小钱 倒进了一个原型机的建造中 |
| 0:25 | eventually showcasing her dishwashing contraption | 最终展示她的洗碗器械 |
| 0:27 | at the Chicago World's Fair. | 在芝加哥世界博览会。 |
| 0:30 | This was the first step towards the modern dishwasher, | 这是走向现代洗碗机的第一步, |
展开字幕全文（87 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1883年,美国社会人物约瑟芬·科克伦(Josephine Cochrane) | |
| 2 | was suddenly widowed and left with mounting debts. | 突然丧偶 债务累累 |
| 3 | But she had an idea she hoped would turn her fortunes around. | 但她有个想法 她希望能扭转她的命运 |
| 4 | Years of hosting lavish dinner parties | 举办奢侈晚宴的年份 |
| 5 | and watching her dishware get chipped during handwashing | 看着她的餐具在洗手时被切碎 |
| 6 | convinced her the world needed a better way to clean dishes. | 让她相信世界需要更好的方法来清洁菜肴 |
| 7 | So she poured the little money she had left into building a prototype, | 于是她把剩下的小钱 倒进了一个原型机的建造中 |
| 8 | eventually showcasing her dishwashing contraption | 最终展示她的洗碗器械 |
| 9 | at the Chicago World's Fair. | 在芝加哥世界博览会。 |
| 10 | This was the first step towards the modern dishwasher, | 这是走向现代洗碗机的第一步, |
| 11 | whose basic design remains remarkably similar to Cochrane's. | 他们的基本设计仍然与科克伦的非常相似. |
| 12 | When you press start on a dishwasher, | 当你按在洗碗机上, |
| 13 | it fills a small basin with water that's heated up to 60 degrees Celsius. | 它给一个小盆地注入了热度高达60摄氏度的水. |
| 14 | Then the pre-wash cycle begins. | 然后开始预洗循环. |
| 15 | A circulation pump sends high-pressure water up into spray arms, | 环流泵将高压水送入喷射臂, |
| 16 | where it shoots out of angled nozzles, propelling the arms to spin. | 将手臂推向旋转 |
| 17 | The water recollects in the basin, | 流域的水源被回收 |
| 18 | where, in most modern models, | 在大多数现代模式中, |
| 19 | a turbidity sensor measures the water's dirtiness | 浊度传感器测量水的脏度 |
| 20 | by seeing how much light passes through it. | 看到光穿过它多少 |
| 21 | The dishwasher then adjusts the wash time and water temperature accordingly, | 洗碗机再相应调整洗碗时间和水温, |
| 22 | and transitions to the wash cycle. | 并过渡到洗涤周期。 |
| 23 | Detergent is released, | 洗涤剂释放了, |
| 24 | and the dishwasher cycles the now-detergent-filled water. | 和洗碗机循环 洗涤水的现在。 |
| 25 | This dirty water drains, | 这肮脏的水渠, |
| 26 | and clean water, heated to an even hotter 68 degrees Celsius, | 清洁的水,加热到68摄氏度 |
| 27 | is circulated for a final sanitizing rinse. | 以进行最后的消毒洗涤。 |
| 28 | This is at least 10 degrees warmer than a typical sink's hottest water, | 这比一般水槽最热的水温多10度 |
| 29 | and hot enough to eliminate most foodborne bacteria. | 热度足以消灭大多数食物传播的细菌 |
| 30 | Finally, the dishwasher may enter an optional drying cycle. | 最后,洗碗机可能进入可选的烘干周期. |
| 31 | While that's how most dishwashers work, | 虽然大多数洗碗工都是这样 |
| 32 | how well they actually clean depends on several factors, | 他们是否真正干净取决于几个因素, |
| 33 | the first being the type of detergent you use. | 第一种是您使用的洗涤剂。 |
| 34 | Detergent comes in three forms— | 洗涤剂有三种形式: |
| 35 | liquid, powder, and pods. | 液体,粉末,和舱。 |
| 36 | The main ingredient in all three is the surfactant. | 所有三种中的主要成分是表面活性剂. |
| 37 | These special dual-ended molecules remove food residues | 这些特殊的双位分子去除食物残留 |
| 38 | by latching onto them with one end | 用一端绑住他们 |
| 39 | and pulling towards the water with the other. | 并拉向水与另一个。 |
| 40 | You'll also find surfactants in regular dish soap, | 你也会在普通的菜式肥皂里找到表面活性剂 |
| 41 | but detergents go further. | 但洗涤剂更进一步。 |
| 42 | They often contain enzymes that break down food into smaller pieces | 它们往往含有将食物分解成小块的酶. |
| 43 | that surfactants can easily tug away, | 表面活性剂可以轻易拖走, |
| 44 | and bleach, which disinfects and removes stains. | 和漂白剂,可以消毒和去除污点。 |
| 45 | So which detergent form is best? | 那么哪种洗涤剂是最好的? |
| 46 | Liquid detergent can only contain bleach or enzymes, | 液体洗涤剂只能含有漂白剂或酶, |
| 47 | since bleach breaks down enzymes in liquid form. | 因为漂白剂以液态分解酶 |
| 48 | Powder detergents solve this problem | 粉末洗涤剂解决这个问题 |
| 49 | by coating powdered enzymes with a protective wax, | 通过用保护蜡涂上粉末的酶, |
| 50 | allowing them to work alongside powdered bleach. | 让他们和粉末漂白剂一起工作 |
| 51 | But even more effective are dishwasher pods | 但洗碗机的豆子更有效 |
| 52 | that separate components using a plastic film. | 用塑料薄膜分离部件 |
| 53 | Though pods may have environmental impacts, | 虽然舱可能对环境产生影响, |
| 54 | some studies claim the plastic biodegrades in a couple of months, | 有些研究声称塑料在几个月后发生生物降解, |
| 55 | while others find it persists for much longer. | 而其他人则认为它长期存在。 |
| 56 | How you treat your dishwasher and the dishes you put in | 你如何对待你的洗碗机 和你放的盘子 |
| 57 | can also affect performance. | 也可以影响业绩。 |
| 58 | A dirty dishwasher or filter can trick the turbidity sensor | 脏的洗碗机或过滤器可以骗弄脏感应器 |
| 59 | into thinking dishes are dirtier than they are, | 以为盘子比盘子更脏 |
| 60 | prompting an unnecessarily long wash cycle. | 导致不必要的长时间的洗涤循环。 |
| 61 | And while it might seem counterintuitive, | 虽然这看起来有点反感 |
| 62 | rinsing dishes beforehand can also cause problems. | 事先洗碗也会造成问题。 |
| 63 | If dishes are well rinsed, | 如果盘子洗得干净 |
| 64 | the turbidity sensor will detect minimal grime | 扰动感应器能探测到微小的灰尘 |
| 65 | and trigger a short wash cycle, | 并触发一个短暂的洗涤周期, |
| 66 | which may not be enough to break down any stubborn, stuck-on crust. | 它可能不足以打破 任何固执,卡在地壳。 |
| 67 | Further, the enzymes in detergent are designed to latch onto food residue, | 此外,洗涤剂中的酶被设计成将食物残留物粘合在一起, |
| 68 | so the best practice is to simply scrape your dishes before loading. | 所以最好的做法是在装货前先刮盘子 |
| 69 | What's more, by letting the dishwasher do all the work, | 还有 让洗碗机做所有的工作 |
| 70 | you'll also save water. | 你也可以省点水 |
| 71 | Dishwashers recycle water during the wash cycle, | 洗碗机在洗涤周期中回收水, |
| 72 | so they only use three to five gallons. | 他们只用了三到五加仑 |
| 73 | That's equivalent to running a kitchen sink for up to 2.5 minutes. | 这相当于运行厨房水槽长达2.5分钟. |
| 74 | So if you think handwashing your dishes might take longer than that, | 所以如果你觉得洗碗需要更长的时间 |
| 75 | it might be worth just running a load. | 它可能值得 只是运行一个负荷。 |
| 76 | Of course, there are reasons to not throw in the towel on handwashing altogether. | 当然,有理由不把毛巾完全扔到洗手上。 |
| 77 | Since dishwashers use very hot water, | 由于洗碗机使用非常热的水, |
| 78 | they can warp wooden items and certain plastics, | 它们可以扭曲木质物品和某些塑料, |
| 79 | damaging seals in travel mugs or storage containers. | 损坏旅行杯或储存容器中的封条。 |
| 80 | Sharp knives can also be dulled by detergents, | 锋利的刀子也可以被洗涤剂闷死, |
| 81 | or they can even damage the dishwasher itself. | 或者他们甚至可以损坏洗碗机本身。 |
| 82 | And there's also an energy consideration. | 还有能量的考虑. |
| 83 | On average, a standard dishwasher cycle uses about the same amount of energy | 平均来说,一个标准的洗碗机周期使用大约同样量的能量 |
| 84 | as leaving your TV on for 12 hours. | 离开你的电视12小时。 |
| 85 | Clearly, there are situations when handwashing makes more sense. | 显然,洗手更有意义。 |
| 86 | But if you're faced with a dinner party's worth of dishes, | 但是如果你面对一个晚宴 价值的盘子, |
| 87 | a dishwasher can be a welcome reprieve. | 洗碗员可是个受欢迎的缓刑 |
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