相扑到底有多古老？

发布于 2026-06-24 · 时长 5:15

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:01	In 1772, amateur sumo wrestlers in present-day Niigata	1772年,业余的苏莫摔跤手在现今的尼加塔
0:06	were performing to raise money for a local temple,	为了在当地的寺庙筹款
0:09	when a pair of sumo pros crashed their event.	当一对sumo pros 撞倒他们的事件。
0:13	These wrestlers from the Tokyo Sumo Guild	东京秀友会的摔跤手
0:16	claimed that only their guild	声称只有他们的盾
0:18	had the right to charge audiences admission.	有权收取观众入学费
0:21	But when the pros tried making off with ticket money,	但当职业选手想用票钱挣钱时
0:24	one was killed and the other barely escaped alive.	一个被杀,另一个活下来了
0:29	Back in Tokyo, the guild took their case to a magistrate.	回到东京,荷兰盾把他们的案件交给地方法官处理.
0:33	They argued that because they were the only guild	因为他们是唯一的德国盾

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序号	英文	中文
1	In 1772, amateur sumo wrestlers in present-day Niigata	1772年,业余的苏莫摔跤手在现今的尼加塔
2	were performing to raise money for a local temple,	为了在当地的寺庙筹款
3	when a pair of sumo pros crashed their event.	当一对sumo pros 撞倒他们的事件。
4	These wrestlers from the Tokyo Sumo Guild	东京秀友会的摔跤手
5	claimed that only their guild	声称只有他们的盾
6	had the right to charge audiences admission.	有权收取观众入学费
7	But when the pros tried making off with ticket money,	但当职业选手想用票钱挣钱时
8	one was killed and the other barely escaped alive.	一个被杀,另一个活下来了
9	Back in Tokyo, the guild took their case to a magistrate.	回到东京,荷兰盾把他们的案件交给地方法官处理.
10	They argued that because they were the only guild	因为他们是唯一的德国盾
11	that adhered to sumo's most ancient practices,	坚持苏莫最古老的做法,
12	no other performers in the country were legitimate.	国内没有任何其他表演者是合法的。
13	The magistrate accepted this claim.	地方法官接受了这一主张。
14	But surprisingly, these so-called ancient practices	但令人惊讶的是,这些所谓的古老习俗
15	were actually recent inventions.	是最近发明的
16	So, what were these fabricated traditions,	那么,这些捏造的传统是什么?
17	and how do they relate to sumo's true history?	和它们如何联系苏莫的真实历史?
18	Our earliest reliable records of sumo come from the 8th century,	我们最早可靠的苏莫记录来自于8世纪
19	when performances were held as entertainment	当表演作为娱乐时
20	for annual court banquets.	每年的法院宴会。
21	During these events, wrestlers were summoned from across Japan	在这些赛事中,来自日本各地的摔跤手被传唤
22	as a demonstration of the emperor's influence.	以示帝王影响.
23	Initially, these wrestlers would punch, scratch, and grab their opponents,	起初,这些摔跤手会拳打脚踢,抓抓对手,
24	claiming victory by forcing their hands or knees to the ground.	要求通过强迫他们的手或膝盖到地上来取得胜利。
25	But eventually, matches began focusing on grappling and tripping techniques.	但最终,火柴开始专注于抓手和绊脚技术.
26	Over time, power shifted from the emperor and his court	随时间推移,权力从皇帝及其宫廷转移
27	to their hired soldiers, the samurai,	他们的士兵,武士,
28	and official court sumo ended in 1174.	和正式的法院sumo结束于1174年。
29	However, samurai leaders still had soldiers perform	不过,武士的领袖们仍然有士兵表演
30	less formal sumo bouts for exercise and entertainment.	不太正式的sumo bouts用于锻炼和娱乐.
31	Throughout imperial and samurai rule,	在帝国和武士统治期间
32	sumo was performed across Japan for sport, spectacle, and martial training.	在日本各地进行运动、表演和武术训练。
33	But in the 1400s, it took on a new function—	但是在1400年代,它有了一个新的功能...
34	fundraising.	筹资。
35	Shrines and temples began hosting performances	圣殿和寺庙开始举办演出
36	to raise money for construction and repairs.	为建造和修理筹集资金。
37	And since skilled performers brought in more customers,	由于熟练的表演者带来了更多的顾客,
38	event promoters were eager to enlist the best wrestlers.	活动促进者热衷于争取最好的摔跤手。
39	This led performers to create the first sumo guilds,	这导致表演者创建了第一个苏莫盾,
40	ensuring steady employment and improving their working conditions.	确保稳定的就业并改善他们的工作条件。
41	Once wrestlers could reliably make money through sumo,	一旦摔跤手能够可靠地通过Sumo赚钱,
42	they became eager to perform for as many paying customers as possible.	他们渴望为尽可能多的付费客户表演。
43	Enterprising young men put on rowdy street corner sumo performances,	英俊的年轻人在街角表演
44	hoping to attract the donations of passers-by.	希望吸引路人的捐助
45	Lacking the organization of formal performances,	缺乏正式演出的组织,
46	these bouts often resulted in fights and injuries	这些枪弹经常导致战斗和受伤
47	among both participants and spectators.	在与会者和观众中。
48	So it didn't take long for samurai authorities to crack down,	武士当局没多久就崩溃了
49	periodically banning all forms of sumo in larger cities.	定期禁止大城市一切形式的苏莫。
50	Wrestlers and organizers knew they needed to make changes	摔跤手和组织者知道他们需要改变
51	to overcome these bans.	克服这些禁令。
52	First, they established a boundary to separate spectators from participants.	首先,他们确定了将观众与参与者分开的界限。
53	This boundary took many forms,	这个边界有多种形式
54	but over the 17th century it morphed into a standard ring called the dohyo.	但是在17世纪它变成了一个标准环叫做斗牛场
55	This ring outlined the field of play,	这枚戒指概括了游戏领域,
56	introducing a pivotal new rule.	引入一条关键的新规则。
57	Now matches could also be won	现在火柴也可以赢
58	by pushing one's opponent out of the dohyo.	将对手推出斗牛场
59	This innovation increased the advantage of heavier wrestlers,	这种创新增加了更重的摔跤手的优势,
60	whose weight already helped them topple their opponents.	他们的体重已经帮助了他们的对手。
61	But sumo's journey to become a respectable sport	但苏莫的旅程成为一个值得尊敬的运动
62	really took off when promoters began introducing rituals	真正的起飞当推广者开始引入仪式
63	to associate sumo with Japan's ancient past.	与日本的古老历史有关
64	Wrestlers threw salt in the ring	摔跤手把盐扔进戒指里
65	and rinsed their mouths with water before matches,	在火柴之前,我用水洗他们的口,
66	actions that evoked ancient religious ceremonies.	引起古代宗教仪式的行动。
67	These invented traditions imbued the sport with cultural legitimacy,	这些发明的传统为体育注入了文化合法性,
68	convincing authorities that sumo was above board.	让当局相信苏莫凌驾于董事会之上
69	One notable ritual emerged in 1789,	1789年出现了一个值得注意的仪式,
70	when the Tokyo Guild began having their top-ranked wrestlers	当东京公会开始有他们的顶级摔跤手
71	perform a ring-entering ceremony	执行环入仪式
72	穿着圣绳叫做Yokozuna
73	This innovation became so popular,	这一创新变得如此流行,
74	the shogun himself summoned the troop for a performance,	猎枪本人召见了部队进行表演,
75	giving legitimacy not just to the Tokyo Guild,	不仅赋予东京公会合法性,
76	but specifically to their invented traditions.	但他们发明的传统。
77	After the shogunate was overthrown in 1868,	1868年檀香山被推翻后,
78	sumo was seen as a dated relic,	苏莫被视为古代遗物
79	and briefly fell out of fashion.	并短暂地脱离了时尚。
80	But the sport gradually remade itself for the modern era,	但体育逐渐为现代重新打造
81	and today Japan holds six 15-day tournaments every year,	今天日本每年举办六场15天的比赛
82	all of which are broadcast worldwide.	全世界都在广播
83	New technology has brought advantages like instant replays,	新技术带来了像即时重播这样的优势,
84	while other innovations were introduced to evoke the ancient past.	而其他创新被引入以唤起古老的过去。
85	And over the last century,	在上个世纪
86	the average body weight in the upper division	上部平均体重
87	has increased by over 60 kilograms.	增加了60多公斤。
88	But throughout its changes,	但随着它的改变
89	sumo has sustained its status as a beloved form of entertainment,	苏莫保持了它作为喜爱的娱乐形式的地位,
90	a grand display of strength and an ode to national traditions,	大力展示力量和民族传统,
91	both real and invented.	既真实又发明.

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