泰勒演唱会带火城市经济，世界杯为何不行？
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Taylor Swift's 2023 Eras Tour was a global mega event that filled stadiums, brought in millions | Taylor Swift的2023年伊拉斯巡回赛是一场 充满体育场的全球性大型赛事 带来了数百万人 |
| 0:07 | of interstate and international tourists, generated billions of dollars of spending, | 州际和国际游客, 创造了数十亿美元的支出, |
| 0:12 | and was widely credited with creating a microeconomic boom in every city it went through. | 并被广泛誉为 创造了微观经济繁荣 在每一个城市 它经历了。 |
| 0:18 | On the other hand, this year's FIFA World Cup was a global mega event that filled stadiums, | 另一方面,今年的国际足联世界杯是一个充满体育场的全球性大型赛事, |
| 0:24 | brought in millions of interstate and international tourists, generated billions of dollars of spending, | 带来了数百万的州际和国际游客, 创造了数十亿美元的支出, |
| 0:31 | and was widely criticized for having no real material impact, or even a negative impact, | 并被广泛批评 没有任何真正的物质影响,甚至负面影响, |
| 0:38 | on the local economies of host cities and host countries. | 东道城市和东道国的当地经济。 |
| 0:42 | So, what was the difference? | 那么,有什么区别? |
| 0:46 | Apart from a slightly different brand of fanaticism, the business case is largely the same, right? | 除了一个略有不同的狂热主义品牌, 商业案例基本上是一样的,对不对? |
| 0:53 | Fans buy some overpriced tickets, travel to an event, book a hotel if they're from out of town, | 粉丝们买一些价格过高的票 参加活动 预订酒店,如果他们来自外地 |
展开字幕全文（241 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taylor Swift's 2023 Eras Tour was a global mega event that filled stadiums, brought in millions | Taylor Swift的2023年伊拉斯巡回赛是一场 充满体育场的全球性大型赛事 带来了数百万人 |
| 2 | of interstate and international tourists, generated billions of dollars of spending, | 州际和国际游客, 创造了数十亿美元的支出, |
| 3 | and was widely credited with creating a microeconomic boom in every city it went through. | 并被广泛誉为 创造了微观经济繁荣 在每一个城市 它经历了。 |
| 4 | On the other hand, this year's FIFA World Cup was a global mega event that filled stadiums, | 另一方面,今年的国际足联世界杯是一个充满体育场的全球性大型赛事, |
| 5 | brought in millions of interstate and international tourists, generated billions of dollars of spending, | 带来了数百万的州际和国际游客, 创造了数十亿美元的支出, |
| 6 | and was widely criticized for having no real material impact, or even a negative impact, | 并被广泛批评 没有任何真正的物质影响,甚至负面影响, |
| 7 | on the local economies of host cities and host countries. | 东道城市和东道国的当地经济。 |
| 8 | So, what was the difference? | 那么,有什么区别? |
| 9 | Apart from a slightly different brand of fanaticism, the business case is largely the same, right? | 除了一个略有不同的狂热主义品牌, 商业案例基本上是一样的,对不对? |
| 10 | Fans buy some overpriced tickets, travel to an event, book a hotel if they're from out of town, | 粉丝们买一些价格过高的票 参加活动 预订酒店,如果他们来自外地 |
| 11 | pile into a stadium, watch a few hours of entertainment, and maybe while they're there, | 堆进体育场 看几个小时的娱乐 也许他们在那里的时候 |
| 12 | they grab dinner or some drinks at a local restaurant. | 他们去当地餐馆吃晚饭或喝点东西 |
| 13 | It's a pretty simple formula. | 这是一个非常简单的公式。 |
| 14 | So why does this cause an economic boom, while this was an economic black hole? | 那么,为什么这会导致经济繁荣, 而这是一个经济黑洞? |
| 15 | Well, there are a few reasons, and like always, they're each individually really interesting, | 嗯,有几个原因, 像往常一样, 每一个都很有趣, |
| 16 | but collectively combined to make a bigger difference than the event lobbyists on both | 但总合起来, 产生更大的影响 比事件 说客 在两者 |
| 17 | sides would probably care to admit. | 各方可能愿意承认。 |
| 18 | The first factor is just the practical reality that every | 第一个因素只是现实,即 |
| 19 | Taylor Swift concert is consistently a Taylor Swift concert. | 泰勒·斯威夫特演唱会是一贯的泰勒·斯威夫特演唱会. |
| 20 | The same is not true for a World | 这个世界不是这样的 |
| 21 | Cup match. | 杯赛. |
| 22 | When the World Cup expanded to 48 teams this year, it came with a schedule of 104 matches | 当世界杯今年扩大到48支球队时, 比赛日程上有104场比赛 |
| 23 | spread across 16 host cities, which is a lot of football and a lot of it was group stage fixtures | 分布在16个东道城市,这是很多足球 和很多是团体舞台固定 |
| 24 | between teams that most locals would struggle to name a single player from, or point to on a map. | 大部分本地人会从地图上或指向地图上为单一球员命名而挣扎的团队之间. |
| 25 | Not every match is England vs Argentina. | 并不是每场比赛都是英格兰对阵阿根廷. |
| 26 | People that were already in town for the tournament | 已经来参加比赛的人 |
| 27 | happily came along to those games, but not many people anywhere on Earth were booking flights and | 很高兴来到这些游戏, 但地球上没有多少人 预订航班和 |
| 28 | hotel rooms specifically to be there for them. | 旅馆房间专门给他们 |
| 29 | Victor Matheson,一位经济学教授,他花了很多时间 | |
| 30 | his career studying mega events, summed up the whole dynamic in one line. | 他的职业生涯研究巨型事件, 总结了整个动态 在一行。 |
| 31 | Taylor Swift is a | 泰勒·斯威夫特是一个 |
| 32 | phenomenon. | 现象。 |
| 33 | Panama vs Ghana is not a phenomenon. | 巴拿马诉加纳不是一个现象。 |
| 34 | Every single night of the era's tour was a | 时代的每个晚上都是 |
| 35 | guaranteed stadium full of the most economically committed fans in live entertainment. | 在现场娱乐中 充满了经济上最坚定的球迷 |
| 36 | The World | 世界协会 |
| 37 | Cup, at best, had around a dozen games of that magnitude spread across the host cities. | 最多有十几场如此规模的比赛 遍及东道城市 |
| 38 | Despite | 虽然 |
| 39 | this, FIFA's hosting requirements don't scale down for the small games. | 这一点,国际足联的主办要求对于小赛事并没有缩小规模. |
| 40 | Host cities were still | 东道城市还是 |
| 41 | on the hook for a very long list of requirements, including street closures, security perimeters, | 需要一长串要求,包括街道封锁、安全防线 |
| 42 | official fan festivals, and even controlling their airspace for any and all games regardless | 官方的粉丝节,甚至控制他们的领空 任何和所有游戏,无论 |
| 43 | of how significant the interest was. | 兴趣有多大。 |
| 44 | Now, this was a serious problem because on one hand, | 现在,这是一个严重的问题 因为一方面, |
| 45 | devoted football fans knew which games they were interested in, but everybody else just collectively | 敬业的足球迷知道他们感兴趣的比赛 但其他人只是集体 |
| 46 | considered the whole thing as the World Cup. | 整个过程都被认为是世界杯 |
| 47 | Locals treated the whole month as one continuous | 当地人将整个月视为连续 |
| 48 | event, so plenty of people just avoided their own downtown for weeks because the World Cup's going on, | 因为世界杯的进行, |
| 49 | even on days when the World Cup was very much not going on. | 甚至在世界杯没举办的日子里 |
| 50 | Which leads us on to the second | 这导致我们进入第二个 |
| 51 | problem. | 问题。 |
| 52 | The World Cup really did bring in a lot of people. | 世界杯确实带来了很多人. |
| 53 | Interstate visitors, international | 国际州际访客 |
| 54 | visitors, corporate hospitality guests. | 来宾 公司招待客人 |
| 55 | The problem is that a big chunk of the economic activity they | 问题是,他们经济活动的很大一部分 |
| 56 | generated simply replaced economic activity that was going to happen anyway. | 所创造的只是取代了经济活动,而这种经济活动无论如何都会发生。 |
| 57 | Economists call this | 经济学家称这为 |
| 58 | and it's one of the most reliable findings in decades of research on mega events. | 这是数十年关于特大事件研究中 最可靠的发现之一 |
| 59 | It's also | 还有 |
| 60 | one of the most reliably ignored. | 被最可靠地忽略之一。 |
| 61 | A big city's hotels, restaurants, and airports don't just sit | 一个大城市的酒店,餐馆,机场 不只是坐 |
| 62 | empty in a normal dune. | 在普通的沙丘里空着 |
| 63 | They're usually full of conferences, family holidays, business travellers, | 他们通常充满会议, 家庭假期, 商务旅行者, |
| 64 | and any other regular tourists. | 还有其他普通游客 |
| 65 | But when hundreds of thousands of football fans descend on a city, | 但当数十万足球迷来到一个城市 |
| 66 | a lot of those regular visitors just don't come. | 很多普通访客只是不来。 |
| 67 | Matheson again said, | 马西森再次说, |
| 68 | you've displaced your regular visitors with foreign tourists. | 常客和外国游客一起流离失所 |
| 69 | In the best case, those regular | 在最好的情况下,这些常规 |
| 70 | visitors simply shift their trips to later in the year. | 游客只需将旅行时间转移到今年晚些时候。 |
| 71 | In the worst case, they skip the city | 最糟糕的是,他们跳过城市 |
| 72 | entirely and total net spending barely moves. | 全部和总的净支出几乎没有变化。 |
| 73 | Now the data on this year's tournament is extremely | 现在今年的比赛数据非常之多 |
| 74 | new. | 新来的 |
| 75 | The final was played only days before this video goes up, but the early results already | 决赛是在这段视频上线前几天才播放的 但早期的结果已经 |
| 76 | tell a pretty consistent story. | 说一个相当一致的故事。 |
| 77 | According to card processing data from Monaris, | 根据莫纳斯的卡处理数据 |
| 78 | total spending at Toronto bars and restaurants between June 12th and June 26th, the city's | 6月12日至26日期间多伦多酒吧和餐馆的总开支 |
| 79 | stretch of the group stage matches, was up just 3% on the same period a year earlier, | 在一年前的同一期间, |
| 80 | practically meaningless after inflation. | 通货膨胀之后几乎毫无意义。 |
| 81 | Spending on foreign-issued credit and debit cards at those | 国外发行的信用卡和借记卡的支出 |
| 82 | exact same bars and restaurants was up 34%. | 同样的酒吧和餐馆上升了34%。 |
| 83 | Foreign fans were spending dramatically more, | 外国粉丝花得特别多 |
| 84 | but at the same time locals and regular visitors were spending enough less to almost completely | 但与此同时 当地人和普通游客 花的钱却少到几乎完全 |
| 85 | cancel them out. | 取消他们。 |
| 86 | If you were a Toronto bar owner who hired extra staff and tripled your beer order | 如果你是多伦多酒吧老板 雇了额外的员工 把你的啤酒订单翻了三倍 |
| 87 | for a once-in-a-generation tourism wave, that's a genuinely rough way to find out. | 对于一次一代的旅游浪潮, 这是一个真正的粗糙的方法 找出。 |
| 88 | There's also | 还有 |
| 89 | question of where the money actually ends up. | 问钱到哪里去了 |
| 90 | A few hundred dollars spent on a match ticket | 几百块花在一张比赛票上 |
| 91 | is not the same as a few hundred dollars spent at a neighbourhood restaurant. | 和街坊餐厅的几百美元不一样 |
| 92 | The restaurant | 餐厅 |
| 93 | dollars stay local, getting re-circulated into paying wages, rent and food suppliers. | 美元留在当地, 得到重新发行 支付工资,租金和食品供应商。 |
| 94 | Most of the value of a World Cup ticket, on the other hand, gets vacuumed straight out of the | 另一方面,世界杯的票值 大部分都被吸光了 |
| 95 | host economy and into the accounts of FIFA and its commercial partners, but more on them soon. | 东道主经济以及国际足联及其商业伙伴的账户,但很快会有更多。 |
| 96 | So, yes, tourists were spending more money. | 所以,是的,游客们花的钱更多。 |
| 97 | The total amount of actual spending happening | 实际开支总额 |
| 98 | in host cities just wasn't changing all that much. | 在东道城市,只是没有改变这么多。 |
| 99 | Which raises the fairly obvious question, | 这引起了一个相当明显的问题, |
| 100 | why was Taylor Swift different? | 为什么泰勒·斯威夫特不一样? |
| 101 | Well, there were a few reasons. | 有几个原因 |
| 102 | The first was simply that people didn't avoid era's tour cities, partly because the tour only stayed | 第一次只是人们没有避开时代的旅游城市, 部分是因为旅游只停留了 |
| 103 | in each city for a night or two, rather than a full month, and partly because a stadium of Swifties | 每个城市一两晚,而不是一个月, 部分原因是一个体育场的斯威菲斯 |
| 104 | is marginally less likely to set off flares in your central business district than Argentina's | 在中央商务区引爆信号弹的可能性略小于阿根廷 |
| 105 | travelling support. | 旅行支助。 |
| 106 | But mostly because of a few simple, practical economic differences between | 但主要由于一些简单的,实际的经济差异 |
| 107 | two events that look almost identical on paper, but ultimately decide whether a mega-event adds | 纸上看起来几乎完全相同的两个事件, 但最终决定一个巨型事件是否增加 |
| 108 | to the local economy or just rearranges it. | 或只是重新安排它。 |
| 109 | Nearly okay, so one of, if not the, single biggest | 差不多可以,所以一个,如果不是,一个最大的 |
| 110 | practical difference between these two events comes down to something as unglamorous as scheduling. | 这两个事件之间的实际区别 归根结底就如同日程安排一样不光彩 |
| 111 | FIFA built this World Cup schedule around afternoon kick-offs, with a lot of matches | FIFA在下午踢球的时候 创造了这个世界杯的日程 有很多比赛 |
| 112 | starting at around 3pm Eastern Time in North America, which is clearly an unusual time for | 从北美东部时间下午3点左右开始 这显然是一个不寻常的时间 |
| 113 | a major entertainment event. | 大型娱乐活动。 |
| 114 | But they had to do this, because 3pm in New York is 8pm in London | 但是他们不得不这么做 因为纽约下午3点在伦敦晚上8点 |
| 115 | and 9pm in Paris, Berlin and Madrid. | 晚上九点在巴黎、柏林和马德里 |
| 116 | The World Cup is a television product first, | 世界杯是电视产品, |
| 117 | and a live event second, and the television audience that matters most is European Prime Time, | 接下来是现场直播 电视观众最要紧的是欧洲黄金时段 |
| 118 | where broadcast rights and advertising make up a large portion of FIFA's income. | 其中广播权和广告占国际足联收入的很大一部分. |
| 119 | These broadcasts reach billions of people and bring in a lot of money, | 这些广播覆盖了数十亿人,带来了很多钱, |
| 120 | but they just never touch the economy of the city where the match is physically happening, | 但他们只是从来没有触及 城市的经济 比赛正在发生, |
| 121 | because the money flows from broadcasters in Europe and Asia directly through to | 因为钱从欧洲和亚洲的广播公司直接流入 |
| 122 | FIFA, which is headquartered in Zurich. | 国际足联,总部设在苏黎世. |
| 123 | For host cities, the afternoon kick-offs | 对东道城市来说,下午的开球 |
| 124 | meant that one of the biggest events on Earth kept happening in the middle of the working day. | 意味着地球上最大的事件之一 在工作日的中间不断发生。 |
| 125 | Offices closed early, or sent everybody home to work remotely on match days, | 办公室很早就关闭了,或者让大家回家 在比赛日远程工作, |
| 126 | downtown lunch trade got squeezed out by football crowds, and the foot traffic from the games | 市中心的午餐交易被足球人群挤出, 和脚交通 从比赛 |
| 127 | largely just substituted for the regular foot traffic of office workers and daytime tourists. | 大部分只是取代了 正常的徒步交通 办公室工作人员和白天的游客。 |
| 128 | The daytime scheduling also substantially reduced the need for one of the most valuable pieces of | 白天的时间安排也大大减少了对最有价值的工作之一的需求。 |
| 129 | the whole mega-event economic equation – the hotel room. | 整个特大事件的经济方程式——酒店房间. |
| 130 | Someone driving in from two hours | 有人在两小时后开车过来 |
| 131 | away for a 3pm match can comfortably be home for dinner. | 下午3点的比赛可以回家吃晚饭 |
| 132 | Someone attending an event that finishes | 有人参加一个结束的活动 |
| 133 | at 11pm is much more likely to get a room, a breakfast and probably a taxi in each direction, | 晚上11点 更可能得到一个房间,一个早餐 和也许出租车在每个方向, |
| 134 | which might help explain why, in that same Toronto payment data, non-local card spending at hotels | 这也许有助于解释为什么在多伦多的付款数据中,旅馆的非当地卡片开支 |
| 135 | was up just 7%, against the 34% jump at bars and restaurants. | 在酒吧和餐馆跳了34% |
| 136 | On the other hand, regular live entertainment, like concerts, typically start at 7 or 8 in the | 另一方面,常规的现场娱乐,像音乐会一样,一般从7或8点开始. |
| 137 | after the working day ends, precisely because the entire business model depends on people with | 工作日结束后,正因为整个商业模式 依赖于拥有 |
| 138 | normal jobs being able to attend. | 正常工作能够参加。 |
| 139 | This means that an eras tour show complemented a city's | 这意味着一个时代的巡回演出 补充了一个城市的 |
| 140 | daytime economy instead of competing with it. | 日间经济而不是与之竞争。 |
| 141 | Offices stayed open, lunch spots kept their | 办公室保持开放,午餐点保持 |
| 142 | regulars, and then in addition to that regular activity, 70 odd thousand people arrived in the | 除了这种经常性活动外,还有70 000人抵达了 |
| 143 | they've brought money in. | 他们带来了钱。 |
| 144 | It's also worth looking at the drastic difference in what these | 也值得看看这些东西的巨大差异 |
| 145 | two events cost their hosts to actually put on. | 两场比赛 都让东道主付出了代价 |
| 146 | The FIFA organisation is legendarily persnickety | FIFA组织是传奇性的 |
| 147 | about what host cities are required to provide – luxury accommodation for officials and teams, | 关于东道城市需要为官员和团队提供哪些豪华住宿, |
| 148 | dedicated security details, motorcade-grade street closures, and official fan festivals | 专门的安保细节、车队级街道关闭和官方粉丝节 |
| 149 | exclusively with FIFA-approved sponsors. | 完全由国际足联批准的赞助商负责。 |
| 150 | 根据Propublica的报道, | |
| 151 | host cities at this World Cup each spent somewhere in the neighbourhood of 100 million dollars | 本届世界杯的主办城市 都花在附近一亿美金 |
| 152 | meeting those obligations, while FIFA keeps the ticket revenue, the sponsorship revenue, | 履行这些义务,而国际足联则保留票价收入,赞助收入, |
| 153 | and the broadcast revenue for itself. | 还有广播收入 |
| 154 | FIFA gets away with this for a couple of reasons. | FIFA因为几个原因逃过一劫. |
| 155 | The first is that, by the legal definition at least, it's a non-profit organisation, | 第一,根据法律定义,它至少是一个非营利组织, |
| 156 | a highly international one, with an enormous amount of top-down political leverage over | 一个高度国际化的,拥有巨大的自上而下的政治影响力 |
| 157 | national governments who very much want to be seen hosting the world's biggest sporting event. | 他们非常希望看到政府主办世界上最大的体育活动。 |
| 158 | The second reason is, ironically, economics. | 第二个原因是,讽刺的是,经济学。 |
| 159 | FIFA's pitch to host cities leans heavily | FIFA对东道城市的投注非常倾斜 |
| 160 | on projections of all the economic good the tournament is going to do for them. | 预测所有经济效益 锦标赛将为他们做。 |
| 161 | Even if those projected benefits turn out to be questionable, and as we've just seen they | 即使这些预测的效益证明是值得怀疑的, 而正如我们刚刚看到的 |
| 162 | do, it doesn't really matter for the local press release. | 对本地的新闻稿来说并不重要 |
| 163 | A politician still gets their photo at | 一个政客仍然得到他们的照片 |
| 164 | the fan festival announcing a multi-billion dollar boost, and it's much more likely the average | 粉丝节宣布 数十亿美元涨价 更可能是平均 |
| 165 | voter is going to be excited about their mayor bringing them a football game than they are to | 选民会很兴奋 他们的市长会给他们送足球比赛 |
| 166 | dig through an economic impact assessment to check the maths. | 挖掘经济影响评估 检查数学。 |
| 167 | The non-profit status also means FIFA | 非盈利地位也指国际足联 |
| 168 | pays effectively no tax on the roughly $13 billion of revenue it expects to book across | 这笔收入约130亿美元, |
| 169 | this World Cup cycle, around $9 billion of it in the tournament year alone. | 这个世界杯的周期, 大约90亿美元 它在联赛一年。 |
| 170 | As a condition of hosting, that tax-free treatment also gets extended across FIFA's whole | 作为东道主的条件,免税待遇也在整个国际足联推广 |
| 171 | commercial ecosystem. | 商业生态系统。 |
| 172 | Host cities even agree to exempt World Cup tickets from sales tax, | 主办城市甚至同意免征世界杯门票销售税, |
| 173 | which happens to be one of the few direct mechanisms a local government has for clawing | 这恰好是地方政府 拥有的少数直接机制之一 |
| 174 | a share of all that visitors' spending. | 占所有游客开支的一部分。 |
| 175 | Taylor Swift, 另一方面,你想怎样都行 | |
| 176 | say about her ticket prices, has never claimed to be a non-profit. | 说到她的票价, 从来没有声称是非营利的。 |
| 177 | Full-profit events shoulder | 非营利活动 |
| 178 | their own costs as a matter of course. | 当然,他们自己的成本。 |
| 179 | The era's tour paid for its own production, put up its own | 时代之旅自费制作,自备自备 |
| 180 | crew, hired its own security, and rented its stadiums at commercial rates from venue owners | 以商业价格从场地所有人那里租用体育场 |
| 181 | who were entirely free to say no. | 他们完全可以拒绝 |
| 182 | All things considered, this was actually a particularly | 考虑一切, 这其实是一个特别的 |
| 183 | generous World Cup as a point of comparison on expenses. | 慷慨的世界杯作为开支的比较点. |
| 184 | Taylor Swift has never asked a country | 泰勒·斯威夫特从未问过一个国家 |
| 185 | to build her a stadium. | 给她建个体育场 |
| 186 | FIFA has, repeatedly. | 国际足联也多次这样做。 |
| 187 | Qatar built seven brand new stadiums for the | 卡塔尔建造了七个全新的体育场, |
| 188 | 2022 World Cup at a cost of somewhere between $6.5 and $10 billion as part of an estimated $220 | 2022年世界杯足球赛花费65亿到100亿美元作为估计220美元的一部分 |
| 189 | billion national makeover to get the country tournament ready. | 10亿的国产重置 准备国家锦标赛。 |
| 190 | Brazil spent somewhere between | 巴西曾于 |
| 191 | $11 and $15 billion ahead of the 2014 tournament, including roughly $300 million on a 44,000 seat | 2014年锦标赛提前110亿美元和150亿美元,包括一个44000个席位的约3亿美元. |
| 192 | stadium in Manaus, a city in the middle of the Amazon rainforest with no major football club | 位于亚马逊雨林中部的马瑙斯的体育场 没有大型足球俱乐部 |
| 193 | to use it afterwards. | 之后再用这个 |
| 194 | Now that didn't happen in America this year, all 16 host venues were | 今年美国没有出现这种情况,所有16个主办地点都是 |
| 195 | existing stadiums. | 现有体育场。 |
| 196 | This might seem like a rare case of a host country actually winning the | 这似乎是一个罕见的例子 东道国实际上赢得 |
| 197 | Except the reason America already had a full set of World Cup capable stadiums is that America | 除了美国已经拥有了 一整套世界杯的球场之外 |
| 198 | already has an enormous amount of sporting events filling them. | 已经有大量的体育赛事来填补它们。 |
| 199 | So yeah, once again, | 所以,是的,再一次, |
| 200 | this creates a problem of substitution. | 这就造成了替代问题。 |
| 201 | A household's entertainment budget is mostly fixed, | 一个家庭的娱乐预算大多是固定的, |
| 202 | so the money that went towards World Cup tickets came, in a lot of cases, out of the same pot that | 所以投向世界杯门票的钱, 在许多情况下,都来自同一个锅 |
| 203 | would have otherwise paid for basketball games, concerts and theme park trips that summer. | 否则会支付篮球比赛、音乐会 和主题公园旅行费 |
| 204 | Now, to be completely fair, this is the point where both sides deserve a bit of scrutiny, | 现在,完全公平,这是 双方值得检查, |
| 205 | because event organisers of every stripe have an incentive to overstate their economic impact | 因为每个条纹的事件组织者都鼓励过度夸大其经济影响 |
| 206 | when they're asking cities to accommodate them. | 当他们要求城市接纳他们时 |
| 207 | Taylor Swift's promoters and FIFA's | 泰勒·斯威夫特的推手和国际足联 |
| 208 | economists both use the same basic math. | 经济学家都使用相同的基本数学. |
| 209 | They generously add up every single purchase that | 他们慷慨地把每一笔买入 |
| 210 | happens anywhere near the event, and intentionally ignore every single purchase that got displaced | 并故意忽略所有被转移的购买 |
| 211 | to make room for it. | 为它腾出空间。 |
| 212 | That's how you get studies claiming that the era's tour generated around | 这就是你如何得到研究 声称时代的巡演产生了周围 |
| 213 | $5 billion in US consumer spending, a figure that was later revised up to $6.3 billion for North | 美国消费支出为50亿美元,后来对这一数字作了修订,北半球高达63亿美元。 |
| 214 | America. | 美国。 |
| 215 | They were ultimately both numbers that assumed every hotel room and every $1,300 fan budget | 他们最终都是假设每个酒店房间 和每1300美元扇子预算的数字 |
| 216 | as brand new money that would otherwise have just sat in a mattress. | 作为全新的钱, 否则只是坐床垫。 |
| 217 | The honest version is | 诚实的版本是 |
| 218 | 那Swiftonomics的数字也值得理发。 | |
| 219 | The Federal Reserve's famous observation that her | 美联储的著名观点是 |
| 220 | concerts drove Philadelphia's strongest hotel revenue month since the start of the pandemic | 音乐会是费城自大流行以来 最强的酒店收入月份 |
| 221 | was real enough, but plenty of those Swifties would have taken a holiday somewhere in America | 已经足够真实了,但很多这些斯威菲斯 会在美国的某个地方度假 |
| 222 | anyway. | 无论如何 |
| 223 | But there are still two differences worth looking at. | 但仍有两个不同之处值得注意。 |
| 224 | Firstly, and most importantly, | 首先,最重要的是, |
| 225 | FIFA provides a lot less and asks for a lot more. | FIFA提供更少,要求更多. |
| 226 | A for-profit tour that rents the stadium, | 一个盈利的旅游 租体育场, |
| 227 | covers its own security and pays its taxes, can inflate its press release all it likes, | 覆盖自己的安全 并支付它的税收, 可以充斥它的新闻稿 所有它喜欢, |
| 228 | because the city still comes out ahead on the actual transaction. | 因为城市在实际交易上仍然领先 |
| 229 | Secondly, and for a long list | 第二,长篇大论 |
| 230 | of very good reasons, people really, really hate FIFA. | 人们真的非常讨厌国际足联 |
| 231 | Which means FIFA's creative accounting is | 这意味着国际足联的创造性会计 |
| 232 | naturally under a lot more scrutiny. | 自然会受到更多监督 |
| 233 | Now some good news is that there are some early signs | 好消息是有些早期迹象 |
| 234 | that the maths is catching up with the model though. | 数学正赶上模型。 |
| 235 | The pool of places willing to host these | 愿意举办这些活动的地方 |
| 236 | things on FIFA's terms is shrinking, and the 2030 World Cup will be spread across six countries | 2030年世界杯足球赛将在六个国家举行 |
| 237 | on three continents, which is officially a celebration of the tournament's centenary, | 在三大洲, 这是正式的庆祝 锦标赛的百年, |
| 238 | but also conveniently splits the hosting bill six ways. | 但也方便地将托管法案分成六种方式. |
| 239 | Now if you like questionable accounting, | 如果你喜欢可疑的会计 |
| 240 | and badly thought out segues, go and watch this video next to find out | 仔细想了想,去看这段录像 |
| 241 | how the US Army runs a for-profit Burger King in the middle of a war zone. | 美国军队如何在战区中间经营一个盈利的汉堡王. |
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