如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】
共 3 集
剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】 中英双语 | 13:45 |
| P2 | 如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】 英文字幕(中文外挂) | 13:45 |
| P3 | 如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】 无字幕(中英外挂) | 13:45 |
P1 · 如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】 p01 中英双语 (P1)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:01 | Last summer when I was alone in Tallinn, Estonia, I had to face a challenge. | 去年夏天,我在爱沙尼亚塔林独自一人时,不得不面对挑战。 |
| 0:07 | This challenge was this simple phrase and many others like it, territory most. | 这一挑战就是这个简单的短语,还有许多其他类似的话,就是领土。 |
| 0:12 | I presume none of you speak Estonian. | 我猜你们都不会说爱沙尼亚语 |
| 0:14 | I take that as a no. | 我认为这是不。 |
| 0:17 | So and I was in the same situation as you are right now back in the last summer | 所以去年夏天我和你的情况一样 |
| 0:21 | because I never spoke Estonian, never read an Estonian book, never watched an Estonian movie, | 因为我从不说爱沙尼亚语,从不读爱沙尼亚书,从不看爱沙尼亚电影, |
| 0:25 | never actually listened to an Estonian song or met anybody from Estonia. | 从未真正听过爱沙尼亚的歌曲 也从未见过爱沙尼亚人 |
| 0:29 | Yet I had to act quickly. | 但我得快点行动 |
| 0:30 | I had to be able to at that one single spot be able to understand what the barista was saying when I was ordering my coffee, | 我不得不在那个单一的地方 能够理解吧台说些什么 当我点咖啡, |
| 0:37 | be able to understand what the passport security person was asking me at the airport when I was coming to Estonia and was leaving Tallinn. | 我到爱沙尼亚离开塔林时, 护照安全人员在机场问我什么。 |
展开字幕全文（144 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last summer when I was alone in Tallinn, Estonia, I had to face a challenge. | 去年夏天,我在爱沙尼亚塔林独自一人时,不得不面对挑战。 |
| 2 | This challenge was this simple phrase and many others like it, territory most. | 这一挑战就是这个简单的短语,还有许多其他类似的话,就是领土。 |
| 3 | I presume none of you speak Estonian. | 我猜你们都不会说爱沙尼亚语 |
| 4 | I take that as a no. | 我认为这是不。 |
| 5 | So and I was in the same situation as you are right now back in the last summer | 所以去年夏天我和你的情况一样 |
| 6 | because I never spoke Estonian, never read an Estonian book, never watched an Estonian movie, | 因为我从不说爱沙尼亚语,从不读爱沙尼亚书,从不看爱沙尼亚电影, |
| 7 | never actually listened to an Estonian song or met anybody from Estonia. | 从未真正听过爱沙尼亚的歌曲 也从未见过爱沙尼亚人 |
| 8 | Yet I had to act quickly. | 但我得快点行动 |
| 9 | I had to be able to at that one single spot be able to understand what the barista was saying when I was ordering my coffee, | 我不得不在那个单一的地方 能够理解吧台说些什么 当我点咖啡, |
| 10 | be able to understand what the passport security person was asking me at the airport when I was coming to Estonia and was leaving Tallinn. | 我到爱沙尼亚离开塔林时, 护照安全人员在机场问我什么。 |
| 11 | I had to be able to comprehend the language, to comprehend it at that very single moment. | 我必须能够理解语言, 在那一刻理解它。 |
| 12 | And this experience raised the question, how can one learn a language in a very limited amount of time, | 这种经历提出了一个问题, 一个人怎么能在非常有限的时间内学习语言, |
| 13 | comprehend it, be able to act with it, be able to work with it, to meet people with it and most of all to progress in it. | 理解它,能够与它一起行动,能够与它一起工作,与人们一起工作,最重要的是在其中取得进展。 |
| 14 | I attended a talk last September which was right above this issue. | 去年9月,我参加了一个讨论,这个问题高于这个问题。 |
| 15 | It was held by a polyglot. | 由多块块块所持. |
| 16 | She was from Slovakia and was willing to talk about how she is learning, how she was learning and is still learning to this day | 她来自斯洛伐克,愿意谈论她是如何学习的,如何学习,直到今天仍在学习 |
| 17 | new languages. | 新语言。 |
| 18 | She told us of people that speak six, ten, twelve, sixteen languages even. | 她告诉我们那些会说六、十、十二、十六种语言的人 |
| 19 | They devote their whole lives to this idea of being able to comprehend every single one of them or as many as they could. | 他们毕生致力于这个想法,即能够理解他们中的每一个人或尽可能多的人。 |
| 20 | And if you are thinking that there is a magical way, some magical secret which she told me, I have to disappoint you. | 如果你在想 有一种神奇的方式, 一个神奇的秘密,她告诉我, 我必须让你失望。 |
| 21 | There is no single super method. | 没有单一的超级方法。 |
| 22 | If the polyglots, all of them worldwide, agree on one thing, it is that there is no way, | 如果全世界所有的多姐妹都同意一件事 那就是没有办法 |
| 23 | one fastest way how to learn a language. | 一个最快的方法 如何学习语言。 |
| 24 | It has to be personal. | 必须是个人的。 |
| 25 | You have to be able to choose a personal way and find it | 你必须能够选择一个个人的方法 找到它 |
| 26 | and find your language through a personal way and modify it as much as you possibly can to suit you, to suit your type of learning. | 找到自己的语言 通过个人的方式, 并尽可能修改它 适合你, 适合你的学习类型。 |
| 27 | Some people prefer to stub their head full of vocabulary and to fill it with words and phrases until their head bursts. | 有些人更喜欢用满满的词汇扎住头部,并用文字和短语填充,直到头部破裂. |
| 28 | Some of us prefer to watch a movie, to talk with a person in a pub or like me, when going back from the library, | 我们中有些人更喜欢看电影 和酒吧里的人谈话 或者像我一样 |
| 29 | working on an essay for six hours till dying morning, meet a drunken Frenchman and talk to him in French and practice as much as I can. | 在一篇散文中工作了六小时,直到早上死去,遇到一个醉酒的法国人,用法语和他交谈,尽我所能练习. |
| 30 | There are many ways. | 有许多方法。 |
| 31 | Some people even prefer those video games that you know your phones, you know, the memorizes and those kind of things. | 有些人甚至更喜欢那些电子游戏, 你知道你的手机, 你知道,记忆和那些东西。 |
| 32 | I'm not much of a fan of that, but that's a personal thing again. | 我不太喜欢这个,但那又是私人恩怨 |
| 33 | Today, what I'll be presenting to you is something different. | 今天,我要向你们展示的是不同的东西。 |
| 34 | It is, or these are the four points which are intrinsic to our learning, | 这是,或者这些是 我们学习所固有的四点, |
| 35 | which are the building blocks of any learning of any language we will ever do. | 这些是我们学习任何语言的基石。 |
| 36 | Doesn't matter if it's Chinese, if it's Arabic, it is Hebrew, Estonian, French, Spanish, any language whatsoever. | 不管是中文,还是阿拉伯文,都是希伯来语,爱沙尼亚语,法语,西班牙语,任何语言都无所谓. |
| 37 | These four things, message, importance, observation, comprehension, all amount to the same thing, the same goal. | 这四件事,信息,重要性,观察,理解,都相当于相同的东西,同样的目标. |
| 38 | Learning a language effectively. | 有效地学习一种语言。 |
| 39 | And they all are, as you'll soon find, interconnected. | 而且,你们很快会发现,它们都是相互联系的。 |
| 40 | You cannot just focus on one of them. | 你不能只关注其中之一。 |
| 41 | You cannot just focus on importance and hope that you will, through this relevance to who you are, you'll be able to learn quickly. | 你不能仅仅专注于重要性,希望你能够通过这种与自己身份的相关性,迅速学习. |
| 42 | Or similarly, you cannot just focus on comprehension, as we do in our schools nowadays. | 同样,你不能像现在我们学校一样,只注重理解。 |
| 43 | We focus too much on memorizing vocabulary or learning phrases about whatever thing that there is prescribed by the booklets. | 我们过于注重于记忆词汇或学习语句,以了解小册子规定的任何事物。 |
| 44 | But that's not how you learn a language. | 但你不是这么学语言的 |
| 45 | I'll get into them more later once I progress through the talk. | 我待会再谈 |
| 46 | The first one is message. | 第一个是信息。 |
| 47 | Some of you, this might seem bizarre about what I mean by message. | 你们中有些人,这似乎很奇怪 关于我所说的信息。 |
| 48 | It is, well, you'll see yourselves. | 这是,好了,你会看到自己。 |
| 49 | This sentence is in Estonian. | 此句在爱沙尼亚语中. |
| 50 | Since you know how to speak Estonian, I'm not going to be asking what it actually means. | 既然你知道怎么说爱沙尼亚语 我不会问它到底是什么意思 |
| 51 | But does anybody, or rather, let me read it. | 但任何人都可以, 或者说,让我读读它。 |
| 52 | I'm not fluent in Estonian, so just like, be ready with me. | 我不流利的爱沙尼亚语,所以就像, 准备好和我在一起。 |
| 53 | So. | 所以说 So. |
| 54 | Now, still you have no clue what this actually means. | 现在,你还是不知道 这到底意味着什么。 |
| 55 | I don't presume that from some magic learning of some broken Estonian, you magically speak or learn, understand this one phrase. | 我不认为从一些神奇的学习 一些破碎的爱沙尼亚语, 你神奇的说话或学习, 理解这个短语。 |
| 56 | But already you can see that there is ja twice. | 但你已经看到有两次了 |
| 57 | And because language is logically structured, you are able to deduce that probably because also these two words have the same endings, this one and this one and then these two. | 因为语言是逻辑结构的, 你可以推断出这一点, 可能是因为这两个词有相同的结局, 这个,这个,然后这两个。 |
| 58 | Then maybe that means and, and already in less than 30 seconds, you understand one word and language that you've never seen in your whole life. | 也许这意味着, 和已经不到30秒, 你明白一个字和语言 你从来没有见过 在你的整个生活。 |
| 59 | And through progressing like this, through making these small steps, you're able to actually learn it. | 通过这样的进步, 通过这些小步骤, 你能够真正学习它。 |
| 60 | What if I put another sentence here in a language that some of you speak, maybe more than some of you, maybe all of you, but certain that it's more familiar because we are in an Anglophone, Francophone society. | 如果我在这里用你们中有些人会说的语言, 可能比你们中有些人,也许你们所有人都会说, 但肯定它更熟悉,因为我们是讲英语的,讲法语的。 |
| 61 | So most of us, presumably. | 因此,大部分我们,大概。 |
| 62 | And what if I put another one, which all of us speak in English? | 如果我再放一个,我们用英语讲哪个呢? |
| 63 | This is how you learn language. | 这就是你学习语言的方式。 |
| 64 | Once you find the meaning, the message behind a sentence, you are able to acquire the language. | 一旦找到句子背后的意义,信息,就能够获得语言. |
| 65 | There are signifiers in a language which all help you to build a logical structure of this said language. | 有一种语言中的符号,它们都帮助您构建这个语言的逻辑结构。 |
| 66 | When you understand the message, you unconsciously acquired language. | 当你理解信息时,你无意识地获得语言. |
| 67 | This doesn't mean that by understanding one phrase from the Charter of Human Rights, from the United Nations, you understand Estonian or French or English for that matter. | 这并不意味着,通过理解《人权宪章》中的一句话,即联合国的话,你理解爱沙尼亚语、法语或英语。 |
| 68 | It simply means that you will have the building blocks with which you can build the learning. | 它只是意味着你将拥有构建学习的基础。 |
| 69 | You have the logical structure which builds on this language. | 您拥有基于这种语言的逻辑结构。 |
| 70 | Then you have importance, importance. | 那你有重要的意义,重要 |
| 71 | Every language, no matter what it is, has to be useful to you, has to be relevant to you, has to be something you enjoy. | 每一种语言,无论是什么,都必须对你们有用,必须与你们相关,必须是你们喜欢的东西. |
| 72 | When I was in school many years ago, in my very elementary school, I was forced to study Spanish. | 当我在很多年前的学校,在我的小学,我被迫学习西班牙语。 |
| 73 | I hated it. | 我讨厌它。 |
| 74 | I couldn't stand it. | 我无法忍受 |
| 75 | Nothing against Spanish, nothing against that. | 没有反对西班牙语,也没有反对西班牙语。 |
| 76 | It was simply I just didn't enjoy it. | 我只是不喜欢这样 |
| 77 | I couldn't learn a single sentence. | 我一个句子都学不好 |
| 78 | When I was in Italy for my Duke of Edinburgh residential trip, I decided to study Italian and I was just like, yes, I'm going to learn this language. | 当我在意大利参加爱丁堡公爵的住宿之旅时,我决定学习意大利语,我就像,是的,我要学习这种语言. |
| 79 | And then I failed because I was not able to enjoy it because I just didn't enjoy it. | 然后我失败了,因为我无法享受它, 因为我只是不喜欢它。 |
| 80 | And actually, from that one trip, I had more from Swedish because I met a Swedish friend that I'm still in contact to this day. | 事实上,从那次旅行中,我得到了更多的瑞典语, 因为我遇到了一个瑞典朋友,我至今仍在联系他。 |
| 81 | It is this enjoyment, this relevance to you that is important. | 正是这种享受,这种与你们的相关性才是重要的。 |
| 82 | It has to be relevant to your education, something that you want to learn because you want to progress in your life. | 它必须与你的教育有关,一些你想要学习的东西,因为你想要在生活中进步. |
| 83 | It has to be relevant because of family or friends. | 因为家人或朋友的缘故,它必须是相关的. |
| 84 | You have to find enjoyment in it. | 你必须在其中找到享受。 |
| 85 | It has to be relevant because of your job. | 因为你的工作,它必须是相关的。 |
| 86 | Maybe you have a job in, I don't know, Ireland or Stockholm and you need to learn the language to be able to work with it. | 也许你有一份工作,我不知道,爱尔兰或斯德哥尔摩 你需要学习语言 才能与它合作。 |
| 87 | And like me, maybe it's relevant to your travels because being international, this is what this whole day is about, means that you want to open yourself to other opportunities. | 和我一样,也许这与你的旅行有关, 因为作为国际旅行者,这就是这一整天的目的, 意味着你想向其他机会敞开心扉。 |
| 88 | For me, that means to see different cultures and different worlds. | 对我来说,这意味着要看到不同的文化和不同的世界。 |
| 89 | And as a part of that, you have to be able to speak the language to at least some degree. | 作为其中的一部分,你必须至少能够讲某种程度的语言. |
| 90 | Languages are tools just like any other part of our lives. | 语言就像我们生活中任何其他部分一样是工具。 |
| 91 | They can be used in some meaningful way. | 它们可以用某种有意义的方式使用。 |
| 92 | Once you find what this meaningful way is, you're able to learn much faster and therefore choose a language that's useful to you. | 一旦找到这个有意义的方法,你就能更快地学习,因此选择一种对你有帮助的语言. |
| 93 | Now, on to observation. | 现在,开始观察 |
| 94 | And this is probably the part that I think might be one of the most important, simply because it can be done so easily. | 这可能是我认为最重要的部分之一, 因为它可以很容易做到。 |
| 95 | This photo was taken when I was also, last summer, walking the Tour de Mont Blanc in between France, Italy and Switzerland. | 这张照片是去年夏天我在法国、意大利和瑞士之间 散步时拍的。 |
| 96 | And when I took it, I was just crossing the Italian-French border. | 当我拿走它时,我刚刚越过了意大利和法国的边界。 |
| 97 | I just came from a little, a little refugio on the French side and was walking up the mountain to cross the Italian side. | 我刚刚从法国一侧的一点,一点点的Refugio那里过来,当时正在山上走过意大利一侧. |
| 98 | And in the same day, I spoke both French and Italian. | 同一天,我讲法语和意大利语。 |
| 99 | My French is by no means good, but I'm able to talk with it. | 吾法门虽不善,但能与其谈. |
| 100 | Italian is much harder. | 意大利语更难听 |
| 101 | But still, I was able to comprehend the people, ask for a bed, and in a dire situation, not be forced to sleep outside in wind and freezing cold, because that would not be enjoyable at all. | 但是,我仍然能够理解人民,要求一张床,在严峻的形势下,不要被迫在风中和寒冷中睡在外面,因为那根本不是一件好事。 |
| 102 | And from it, I realized that there are two key things, that you have to be actually immerse yourself in the language to some degree. | 从中,我意识到有两件关键的事情, 你必须在某种程度上沉浸在语言中。 |
| 103 | You cannot just set it home and hope that language will come to you, that the knowledge that you are able to do with it will actually come to you like that. | 你不能只是把它带回家,希望语言会降临到你身上, 你能够做的知识会这样降临到你身上。 |
| 104 | You have to be actually able to put yourself there, to pay attention, to observe what people are doing, how they speak, how they emote, and hopefully from that, build up your knowledge. | 你必须能够把自己放在那里, 注意, 观察人们在做什么, 他们如何说话, 他们如何启示, 希望从中, 积累你的知识。 |
| 105 | And, and this is actually a key thing, I think people should start doing this, you should be looking for something called a parent speaker. | 而这其实是件关键的事, 我认为人们应该开始做这个, 你应该找一个叫做家长演讲的人。 |
| 106 | Now, this is what I learned during the talk about the polyglots back in September. | 这是我在9月讨论多块块时学到的。 |
| 107 | It is an idea that when you're, and you speak a new language, you're like a baby, you don't know how to actually operate language. | 这是一个想法,当你说新语言的时候, 你就像一个婴儿,你不知道如何实际操作语言。 |
| 108 | You're just plucked in a world where all adults speak in a different language, and you're just hoping to grasp a meaning about it, grasp something that you can know, a word that you can understand. | 你只是在一个所有成年人都用不同语言说话的世界中被挑拔出来, 你只是希望能够抓住它的意义, 抓住你能知道的东西,一个你能理解的词。 |
| 109 | What you need is a parent speaker. | 你需要的是一个家长演讲者。 |
| 110 | Somebody that will speak to you on the same level will help you learn new words, and will actually correct you, will actually give you advice how to speak better, and will not diminish you in any sort of way. | 某个会跟你说话的人 会帮助你学习新的词, 并且会真正纠正你, 会给你建议如何更好地说话, 并且不会以任何方式削弱你。 |
| 111 | That is key, because when you're able to practice your speaking, your learning in that sense, you learn faster, because, and this is actually going to be the very next slide, I think, afterwards, so I'm going to quickly get to this, sorry for that. | 这是关键,因为当你能够练习你的演讲, 你从这个意义上学习, 你学得更快, 因为,这实际上是下一个幻灯片, 我想, 之后, 所以我会很快得到这个, 对不起。 |
| 112 | When you actually learn a language through comprehension, through observation, you are able to then speak the language, and that is one of the most important things, because how else would you want to communicate with people, especially like me, when you | 当你真正通过理解,通过观察来学习一种语言时, 你就可以说出语言, 这是最重要的事情之一, 因为如果你想旅行,你还想要怎样与人沟通, 特别是像我这样的人, 当你想要旅行的时候,你需要能够用你的知识采取行动。 |
| 113 | You have to be able to actually find somebody that you can talk to in an equal sense, and you have to be able to listen a lot. | 你必须能真正找到一个能平等交谈的人,你必须能够听得很多. |
| 114 | People don't want to listen, they revert back to English, they revert back to their natural tongue, because they are scared, don't be scared, this is going to sound like a great cliché, don't be scared to make mistakes, make them, they're going to be corr | 人们不想听,回到英语,回到自然的舌头上,因为他们害怕,不要害怕,这听起来会像一个伟大的陈词滥调,不要害怕犯错误,让错误,被人们纠正,你们要从中吸取教训. |
| 115 | And now to the thing that I was hoping to talk about, comprehension, and this thing can be split into two parts, memory and comprehension or knowledge, and I feel like nowadays in schools, what we do is we just stuff our heads with vocabulary until they e | 现在,关于我想要谈论的,理解, 这个东西可以分成两个部分, 记忆和理解或知识, 我觉得现在在学校里,我们所做的就是 把我们的头塞进词汇,直到它们爆炸。 |
| 116 | We shouldn't be doing that, because memory or knowledge isn't comprehension. | 我们不应该这样做, 因为记忆或知识是不理解的。 |
| 117 | 比如说,我懂爱尔兰语的一句话, anachimolachy Gondy Chana, 意思是我说爱尔兰语吗? | |
| 118 | By no means. | 绝对不行 |
| 119 | I don't even properly know what the sentence means, but I know it's Irish. | 我甚至不知道这句话的意思 但我知道是爱尔兰语 |
| 120 | I have that one piece of knowledge, but I couldn't say I comprehend the language by no means whatsoever, and that's the issue. | 我有一个知识, 但我不能说我完全理解语言, 这就是问题所在。 |
| 121 | We force ourselves to learn complex vocabulary that is not relevant to us. | 我们强迫自己学习与我们无关的复杂词汇。 |
| 122 | We're forced to stuff our heads with words that don't bear any meaning and that we'll never probably use ever in our lives. | 我们不得不用没有意义的话语 来表达我们的头部 永远也不会用在生活中 |
| 123 | Yet we don't actually focus on comprehending them, to comprehending the structures in the sentences, to actually using our existing knowledge from other languages, from my modern tongues, to actually progress further. | 然而,我们实际上并不专注于理解它们, 理解句子中的结构, 实际利用我们从其他语言, 从我现代的舌头, 得到的现有知识, |
| 124 | We should be doing that. | 我们应该这样做。 |
| 125 | We should be trying to learn with use of our existing languages. | 我们应该努力用我们现有的语言来学习。 |
| 126 | We should be using our native tongues. | 我们应该用我们的母语。 |
| 127 | We should be using our abilities to speak from day one, and we should be looking at actions more than nouns. | 我们应利用我们的能力,从第一天开始就发言,我们应更多地关注行动,而不是名词。 |
| 128 | When you learn what it means, what it means the word to hurt, it's still more useful than actually what it means, what the word arm is. | 当你学会它的意思,它的意思是伤害,它仍然比实际上它的意思,什么是手臂更有用. |
| 129 | You can be like, hurt, hurt, but what will you do with an arm? | 你可以像,伤害,伤害, 但你会怎么做 用一只手臂? |
| 130 | It doesn't work like that. | 岂不效哉. |
| 131 | Actions are more important than words, and this sort of progress is something that's key for learning a language effectively. | 行动比言语更重要, 这种进步是有效学习语言的关键。 |
| 132 | So what I presented to you today is four principles and some key points, some things that maybe you've heard, some things that maybe were new to you, the parent speaker probably. | 我今天向大家介绍的是四条原则 和一些要点, 一些你可能听说过的事情, 一些也许对你来说是新事物, 家长演讲者。 |
| 133 | All these things are essential. | 所有这些事情都至关重要。 |
| 134 | You can't remove one and hope that the others will come with it or that you focus only on one of them and completely disregard the others. | 你不能删除一个,希望其他人会带着它,或者你只专注于其中之一,完全无视其他的. |
| 135 | It is important to push yourselves to your limits, to go out there, and this is going to sound like a great cliche once again, but to push yourself, go out there and actually experience the language firsthand. | 重要的是要把自己推到极限,去那里, 这听起来会再次像一个伟大的陈词滥调, 但是要推自己,去那里, 并且实际亲身体验语言。 |
| 136 | No school, no institution, no book can ever give you that. | 没有学校,没有机构, 没有书可以给你。 |
| 137 | And just on the very end, I would like to dispel one last thing that I've been told in past that I've heard people tell me or people tell other people that it's talent that's required, that for being able to learn language, you need talent. | 最后,我想消除过去我听到的最后一个问题, 我听到有人告诉我,或者有人告诉其他人, 需要的是才能, 才能学习语言,你需要才能。 |
| 138 | You need to be able to have this magical skill within you that you're born with. | 你需要拥有你天生的神奇技能 |
| 139 | It's not true. | 非实非实. |
| 140 | Anyone can learn language. | 谁能学语言. |
| 141 | Anyone I've known, when they push themselves hard enough, they're able to speak a language. | 任何我认识的人,当他们用力地推自己时,就能说出一种语言. |
| 142 | Some people are far superior to me and there are probably hundreds and millions like that, but it is that thing that you push yourselves that differentiates you from other people, this push. | 有些人比我高得多, 可能还有上亿和上百万这样的人, 但正是你们自己推着的东西 把你和其他人区别开来, 这种推力。 |
| 143 | So don't be scared to push. | 所以不要害怕推车。 |
| 144 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
该视频共有字幕 144 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到 价格
P2 · 如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】 p02 英文字幕(中文外挂) (P2)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:01 | Last summer when I was alone in Tallinn, Estonia, I had to face a challenge. | 去年夏天,我在爱沙尼亚塔林独自一人时,不得不面对挑战。 |
| 0:07 | This challenge was this simple phrase and many others like it, territory most. | 这一挑战就是这个简单的短语,还有许多其他类似的话,就是领土。 |
| 0:12 | I presume none of you speak Estonian. | 我猜你们都不会说爱沙尼亚语 |
| 0:14 | I take that as a no. | 我认为这是不。 |
| 0:17 | So and I was in the same situation as you are right now back in the last summer | 所以去年夏天我和你的情况一样 |
| 0:21 | because I never spoke Estonian, never read an Estonian book, never watched an Estonian movie, | 因为我从不说爱沙尼亚语,从不读爱沙尼亚书,从不看爱沙尼亚电影, |
| 0:25 | never actually listened to an Estonian song or met anybody from Estonia. | 从未真正听过爱沙尼亚的歌曲 也从未见过爱沙尼亚人 |
| 0:29 | Yet I had to act quickly. | 但我得快点行动 |
| 0:30 | I had to be able to at that one single spot be able to understand what the barista was saying when I was ordering my coffee, | 我不得不在那个单一的地方 能够理解吧台说些什么 当我点咖啡, |
| 0:37 | be able to understand what the passport security person was asking me at the airport when I was coming to Estonia and was leaving Tallinn. | 我到爱沙尼亚离开塔林时, 护照安全人员在机场问我什么。 |
展开字幕全文（144 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last summer when I was alone in Tallinn, Estonia, I had to face a challenge. | 去年夏天,我在爱沙尼亚塔林独自一人时,不得不面对挑战。 |
| 2 | This challenge was this simple phrase and many others like it, territory most. | 这一挑战就是这个简单的短语,还有许多其他类似的话,就是领土。 |
| 3 | I presume none of you speak Estonian. | 我猜你们都不会说爱沙尼亚语 |
| 4 | I take that as a no. | 我认为这是不。 |
| 5 | So and I was in the same situation as you are right now back in the last summer | 所以去年夏天我和你的情况一样 |
| 6 | because I never spoke Estonian, never read an Estonian book, never watched an Estonian movie, | 因为我从不说爱沙尼亚语,从不读爱沙尼亚书,从不看爱沙尼亚电影, |
| 7 | never actually listened to an Estonian song or met anybody from Estonia. | 从未真正听过爱沙尼亚的歌曲 也从未见过爱沙尼亚人 |
| 8 | Yet I had to act quickly. | 但我得快点行动 |
| 9 | I had to be able to at that one single spot be able to understand what the barista was saying when I was ordering my coffee, | 我不得不在那个单一的地方 能够理解吧台说些什么 当我点咖啡, |
| 10 | be able to understand what the passport security person was asking me at the airport when I was coming to Estonia and was leaving Tallinn. | 我到爱沙尼亚离开塔林时, 护照安全人员在机场问我什么。 |
| 11 | I had to be able to comprehend the language, to comprehend it at that very single moment. | 我必须能够理解语言, 在那一刻理解它。 |
| 12 | And this experience raised the question, how can one learn a language in a very limited amount of time, | 这种经历提出了一个问题, 一个人怎么能在非常有限的时间内学习语言, |
| 13 | comprehend it, be able to act with it, be able to work with it, to meet people with it and most of all to progress in it. | 理解它,能够与它一起行动,能够与它一起工作,与人们一起工作,最重要的是在其中取得进展。 |
| 14 | I attended a talk last September which was right above this issue. | 去年9月,我参加了一个讨论,这个问题高于这个问题。 |
| 15 | It was held by a polyglot. | 由多块块块所持. |
| 16 | She was from Slovakia and was willing to talk about how she is learning, how she was learning and is still learning to this day | 她来自斯洛伐克,愿意谈论她是如何学习的,如何学习,直到今天仍在学习 |
| 17 | new languages. | 新语言。 |
| 18 | She told us of people that speak six, ten, twelve, sixteen languages even. | 她告诉我们那些会说六、十、十二、十六种语言的人 |
| 19 | They devote their whole lives to this idea of being able to comprehend every single one of them or as many as they could. | 他们毕生致力于这个想法,即能够理解他们中的每一个人或尽可能多的人。 |
| 20 | And if you are thinking that there is a magical way, some magical secret which she told me, I have to disappoint you. | 如果你在想 有一种神奇的方式, 一个神奇的秘密,她告诉我, 我必须让你失望。 |
| 21 | There is no single super method. | 没有单一的超级方法。 |
| 22 | If the polyglots, all of them worldwide, agree on one thing, it is that there is no way, | 如果全世界所有的多姐妹都同意一件事 那就是没有办法 |
| 23 | one fastest way how to learn a language. | 一个最快的方法 如何学习语言。 |
| 24 | It has to be personal. | 必须是个人的。 |
| 25 | You have to be able to choose a personal way and find it | 你必须能够选择一个个人的方法 找到它 |
| 26 | and find your language through a personal way and modify it as much as you possibly can to suit you, to suit your type of learning. | 找到自己的语言 通过个人的方式, 并尽可能修改它 适合你, 适合你的学习类型。 |
| 27 | Some people prefer to stub their head full of vocabulary and to fill it with words and phrases until their head bursts. | 有些人更喜欢用满满的词汇扎住头部,并用文字和短语填充,直到头部破裂. |
| 28 | Some of us prefer to watch a movie, to talk with a person in a pub or like me, when going back from the library, | 我们中有些人更喜欢看电影 和酒吧里的人谈话 或者像我一样 |
| 29 | working on an essay for six hours till dying morning, meet a drunken Frenchman and talk to him in French and practice as much as I can. | 在一篇散文中工作了六小时,直到早上死去,遇到一个醉酒的法国人,用法语和他交谈,尽我所能练习. |
| 30 | There are many ways. | 有许多方法。 |
| 31 | Some people even prefer those video games that you know your phones, you know, the memorizes and those kind of things. | 有些人甚至更喜欢那些电子游戏, 你知道你的手机, 你知道,记忆和那些东西。 |
| 32 | I'm not much of a fan of that, but that's a personal thing again. | 我不太喜欢这个,但那又是私人恩怨 |
| 33 | Today, what I'll be presenting to you is something different. | 今天,我要向你们展示的是不同的东西。 |
| 34 | It is, or these are the four points which are intrinsic to our learning, | 这是,或者这些是 我们学习所固有的四点, |
| 35 | which are the building blocks of any learning of any language we will ever do. | 这些是我们学习任何语言的基石。 |
| 36 | Doesn't matter if it's Chinese, if it's Arabic, it is Hebrew, Estonian, French, Spanish, any language whatsoever. | 不管是中文,还是阿拉伯文,都是希伯来语,爱沙尼亚语,法语,西班牙语,任何语言都无所谓. |
| 37 | These four things, message, importance, observation, comprehension, all amount to the same thing, the same goal. | 这四件事,信息,重要性,观察,理解,都相当于相同的东西,同样的目标. |
| 38 | Learning a language effectively. | 有效地学习一种语言。 |
| 39 | And they all are, as you'll soon find, interconnected. | 而且,你们很快会发现,它们都是相互联系的。 |
| 40 | You cannot just focus on one of them. | 你不能只关注其中之一。 |
| 41 | You cannot just focus on importance and hope that you will, through this relevance to who you are, you'll be able to learn quickly. | 你不能仅仅专注于重要性,希望你能够通过这种与自己身份的相关性,迅速学习. |
| 42 | Or similarly, you cannot just focus on comprehension, as we do in our schools nowadays. | 同样,你不能像现在我们学校一样,只注重理解。 |
| 43 | We focus too much on memorizing vocabulary or learning phrases about whatever thing that there is prescribed by the booklets. | 我们过于注重于记忆词汇或学习语句,以了解小册子规定的任何事物。 |
| 44 | But that's not how you learn a language. | 但你不是这么学语言的 |
| 45 | I'll get into them more later once I progress through the talk. | 我待会再谈 |
| 46 | The first one is message. | 第一个是信息。 |
| 47 | Some of you, this might seem bizarre about what I mean by message. | 你们中有些人,这似乎很奇怪 关于我所说的信息。 |
| 48 | It is, well, you'll see yourselves. | 这是,好了,你会看到自己。 |
| 49 | This sentence is in Estonian. | 此句在爱沙尼亚语中. |
| 50 | Since you know how to speak Estonian, I'm not going to be asking what it actually means. | 既然你知道怎么说爱沙尼亚语 我不会问它到底是什么意思 |
| 51 | But does anybody, or rather, let me read it. | 但任何人都可以, 或者说,让我读读它。 |
| 52 | I'm not fluent in Estonian, so just like, be ready with me. | 我不流利的爱沙尼亚语,所以就像, 准备好和我在一起。 |
| 53 | So. | 所以说 So. |
| 54 | Now, still you have no clue what this actually means. | 现在,你还是不知道 这到底意味着什么。 |
| 55 | I don't presume that from some magic learning of some broken Estonian, you magically speak or learn, understand this one phrase. | 我不认为从一些神奇的学习 一些破碎的爱沙尼亚语, 你神奇的说话或学习, 理解这个短语。 |
| 56 | But already you can see that there is ja twice. | 但你已经看到有两次了 |
| 57 | And because language is logically structured, you are able to deduce that probably because also these two words have the same endings, this one and this one and then these two. | 因为语言是逻辑结构的, 你可以推断出这一点, 可能是因为这两个词有相同的结局, 这个,这个,然后这两个。 |
| 58 | Then maybe that means and, and already in less than 30 seconds, you understand one word and language that you've never seen in your whole life. | 也许这意味着, 和已经不到30秒, 你明白一个字和语言 你从来没有见过 在你的整个生活。 |
| 59 | And through progressing like this, through making these small steps, you're able to actually learn it. | 通过这样的进步, 通过这些小步骤, 你能够真正学习它。 |
| 60 | What if I put another sentence here in a language that some of you speak, maybe more than some of you, maybe all of you, but certain that it's more familiar because we are in an Anglophone, Francophone society. | 如果我在这里用你们中有些人会说的语言, 可能比你们中有些人,也许你们所有人都会说, 但肯定它更熟悉,因为我们是讲英语的,讲法语的。 |
| 61 | So most of us, presumably. | 因此,大部分我们,大概。 |
| 62 | And what if I put another one, which all of us speak in English? | 如果我再放一个,我们用英语讲哪个呢? |
| 63 | This is how you learn language. | 这就是你学习语言的方式。 |
| 64 | Once you find the meaning, the message behind a sentence, you are able to acquire the language. | 一旦找到句子背后的意义,信息,就能够获得语言. |
| 65 | There are signifiers in a language which all help you to build a logical structure of this said language. | 有一种语言中的符号,它们都帮助您构建这个语言的逻辑结构。 |
| 66 | When you understand the message, you unconsciously acquired language. | 当你理解信息时,你无意识地获得语言. |
| 67 | This doesn't mean that by understanding one phrase from the Charter of Human Rights, from the United Nations, you understand Estonian or French or English for that matter. | 这并不意味着,通过理解《人权宪章》中的一句话,即联合国的话,你理解爱沙尼亚语、法语或英语。 |
| 68 | It simply means that you will have the building blocks with which you can build the learning. | 它只是意味着你将拥有构建学习的基础。 |
| 69 | You have the logical structure which builds on this language. | 您拥有基于这种语言的逻辑结构。 |
| 70 | Then you have importance, importance. | 那你有重要的意义,重要 |
| 71 | Every language, no matter what it is, has to be useful to you, has to be relevant to you, has to be something you enjoy. | 每一种语言,无论是什么,都必须对你们有用,必须与你们相关,必须是你们喜欢的东西. |
| 72 | When I was in school many years ago, in my very elementary school, I was forced to study Spanish. | 当我在很多年前的学校,在我的小学,我被迫学习西班牙语。 |
| 73 | I hated it. | 我讨厌它。 |
| 74 | I couldn't stand it. | 我无法忍受 |
| 75 | Nothing against Spanish, nothing against that. | 没有反对西班牙语,也没有反对西班牙语。 |
| 76 | It was simply I just didn't enjoy it. | 我只是不喜欢这样 |
| 77 | I couldn't learn a single sentence. | 我一个句子都学不好 |
| 78 | When I was in Italy for my Duke of Edinburgh residential trip, I decided to study Italian and I was just like, yes, I'm going to learn this language. | 当我在意大利参加爱丁堡公爵的住宿之旅时,我决定学习意大利语,我就像,是的,我要学习这种语言. |
| 79 | And then I failed because I was not able to enjoy it because I just didn't enjoy it. | 然后我失败了,因为我无法享受它, 因为我只是不喜欢它。 |
| 80 | And actually, from that one trip, I had more from Swedish because I met a Swedish friend that I'm still in contact to this day. | 事实上,从那次旅行中,我得到了更多的瑞典语, 因为我遇到了一个瑞典朋友,我至今仍在联系他。 |
| 81 | It is this enjoyment, this relevance to you that is important. | 正是这种享受,这种与你们的相关性才是重要的。 |
| 82 | It has to be relevant to your education, something that you want to learn because you want to progress in your life. | 它必须与你的教育有关,一些你想要学习的东西,因为你想要在生活中进步. |
| 83 | It has to be relevant because of family or friends. | 因为家人或朋友的缘故,它必须是相关的. |
| 84 | You have to find enjoyment in it. | 你必须在其中找到享受。 |
| 85 | It has to be relevant because of your job. | 因为你的工作,它必须是相关的。 |
| 86 | Maybe you have a job in, I don't know, Ireland or Stockholm and you need to learn the language to be able to work with it. | 也许你有一份工作,我不知道,爱尔兰或斯德哥尔摩 你需要学习语言 才能与它合作。 |
| 87 | And like me, maybe it's relevant to your travels because being international, this is what this whole day is about, means that you want to open yourself to other opportunities. | 和我一样,也许这与你的旅行有关, 因为作为国际旅行者,这就是这一整天的目的, 意味着你想向其他机会敞开心扉。 |
| 88 | For me, that means to see different cultures and different worlds. | 对我来说,这意味着要看到不同的文化和不同的世界。 |
| 89 | And as a part of that, you have to be able to speak the language to at least some degree. | 作为其中的一部分,你必须至少能够讲某种程度的语言. |
| 90 | Languages are tools just like any other part of our lives. | 语言就像我们生活中任何其他部分一样是工具。 |
| 91 | They can be used in some meaningful way. | 它们可以用某种有意义的方式使用。 |
| 92 | Once you find what this meaningful way is, you're able to learn much faster and therefore choose a language that's useful to you. | 一旦找到这个有意义的方法,你就能更快地学习,因此选择一种对你有帮助的语言. |
| 93 | Now, on to observation. | 现在,开始观察 |
| 94 | And this is probably the part that I think might be one of the most important, simply because it can be done so easily. | 这可能是我认为最重要的部分之一, 因为它可以很容易做到。 |
| 95 | This photo was taken when I was also, last summer, walking the Tour de Mont Blanc in between France, Italy and Switzerland. | 这张照片是去年夏天我在法国、意大利和瑞士之间 散步时拍的。 |
| 96 | And when I took it, I was just crossing the Italian-French border. | 当我拿走它时,我刚刚越过了意大利和法国的边界。 |
| 97 | I just came from a little, a little refugio on the French side and was walking up the mountain to cross the Italian side. | 我刚刚从法国一侧的一点,一点点的Refugio那里过来,当时正在山上走过意大利一侧. |
| 98 | And in the same day, I spoke both French and Italian. | 同一天,我讲法语和意大利语。 |
| 99 | My French is by no means good, but I'm able to talk with it. | 吾法门虽不善,但能与其谈. |
| 100 | Italian is much harder. | 意大利语更难听 |
| 101 | But still, I was able to comprehend the people, ask for a bed, and in a dire situation, not be forced to sleep outside in wind and freezing cold, because that would not be enjoyable at all. | 但是,我仍然能够理解人民,要求一张床,在严峻的形势下,不要被迫在风中和寒冷中睡在外面,因为那根本不是一件好事。 |
| 102 | And from it, I realized that there are two key things, that you have to be actually immerse yourself in the language to some degree. | 从中,我意识到有两件关键的事情, 你必须在某种程度上沉浸在语言中。 |
| 103 | You cannot just set it home and hope that language will come to you, that the knowledge that you are able to do with it will actually come to you like that. | 你不能只是把它带回家,希望语言会降临到你身上, 你能够做的知识会这样降临到你身上。 |
| 104 | You have to be actually able to put yourself there, to pay attention, to observe what people are doing, how they speak, how they emote, and hopefully from that, build up your knowledge. | 你必须能够把自己放在那里, 注意, 观察人们在做什么, 他们如何说话, 他们如何启示, 希望从中, 积累你的知识。 |
| 105 | And, and this is actually a key thing, I think people should start doing this, you should be looking for something called a parent speaker. | 而这其实是件关键的事, 我认为人们应该开始做这个, 你应该找一个叫做家长演讲的人。 |
| 106 | Now, this is what I learned during the talk about the polyglots back in September. | 这是我在9月讨论多块块时学到的。 |
| 107 | It is an idea that when you're, and you speak a new language, you're like a baby, you don't know how to actually operate language. | 这是一个想法,当你说新语言的时候, 你就像一个婴儿,你不知道如何实际操作语言。 |
| 108 | You're just plucked in a world where all adults speak in a different language, and you're just hoping to grasp a meaning about it, grasp something that you can know, a word that you can understand. | 你只是在一个所有成年人都用不同语言说话的世界中被挑拔出来, 你只是希望能够抓住它的意义, 抓住你能知道的东西,一个你能理解的词。 |
| 109 | What you need is a parent speaker. | 你需要的是一个家长演讲者。 |
| 110 | Somebody that will speak to you on the same level will help you learn new words, and will actually correct you, will actually give you advice how to speak better, and will not diminish you in any sort of way. | 某个会跟你说话的人 会帮助你学习新的词, 并且会真正纠正你, 会给你建议如何更好地说话, 并且不会以任何方式削弱你。 |
| 111 | That is key, because when you're able to practice your speaking, your learning in that sense, you learn faster, because, and this is actually going to be the very next slide, I think, afterwards, so I'm going to quickly get to this, sorry for that. | 这是关键,因为当你能够练习你的演讲, 你从这个意义上学习, 你学得更快, 因为,这实际上是下一个幻灯片, 我想, 之后, 所以我会很快得到这个, 对不起。 |
| 112 | When you actually learn a language through comprehension, through observation, you are able to then speak the language, and that is one of the most important things, because how else would you want to communicate with people, especially like me, when you | 当你真正通过理解,通过观察来学习一种语言时, 你就可以说出语言, 这是最重要的事情之一, 因为如果你想旅行,你还想要怎样与人沟通, 特别是像我这样的人, 当你想要旅行的时候,你需要能够用你的知识采取行动。 |
| 113 | You have to be able to actually find somebody that you can talk to in an equal sense, and you have to be able to listen a lot. | 你必须能真正找到一个能平等交谈的人,你必须能够听得很多. |
| 114 | People don't want to listen, they revert back to English, they revert back to their natural tongue, because they are scared, don't be scared, this is going to sound like a great cliché, don't be scared to make mistakes, make them, they're going to be corr | 人们不想听,回到英语,回到自然的舌头上,因为他们害怕,不要害怕,这听起来会像一个伟大的陈词滥调,不要害怕犯错误,让错误,被人们纠正,你们要从中吸取教训. |
| 115 | And now to the thing that I was hoping to talk about, comprehension, and this thing can be split into two parts, memory and comprehension or knowledge, and I feel like nowadays in schools, what we do is we just stuff our heads with vocabulary until they e | 现在,关于我想要谈论的,理解, 这个东西可以分成两个部分, 记忆和理解或知识, 我觉得现在在学校里,我们所做的就是 把我们的头塞进词汇,直到它们爆炸。 |
| 116 | We shouldn't be doing that, because memory or knowledge isn't comprehension. | 我们不应该这样做, 因为记忆或知识是不理解的。 |
| 117 | 比如说,我懂爱尔兰语的一句话, anachimolachy Gondy Chana, 意思是我说爱尔兰语吗? | |
| 118 | By no means. | 绝对不行 |
| 119 | I don't even properly know what the sentence means, but I know it's Irish. | 我甚至不知道这句话的意思 但我知道是爱尔兰语 |
| 120 | I have that one piece of knowledge, but I couldn't say I comprehend the language by no means whatsoever, and that's the issue. | 我有一个知识, 但我不能说我完全理解语言, 这就是问题所在。 |
| 121 | We force ourselves to learn complex vocabulary that is not relevant to us. | 我们强迫自己学习与我们无关的复杂词汇。 |
| 122 | We're forced to stuff our heads with words that don't bear any meaning and that we'll never probably use ever in our lives. | 我们不得不用没有意义的话语 来表达我们的头部 永远也不会用在生活中 |
| 123 | Yet we don't actually focus on comprehending them, to comprehending the structures in the sentences, to actually using our existing knowledge from other languages, from my modern tongues, to actually progress further. | 然而,我们实际上并不专注于理解它们, 理解句子中的结构, 实际利用我们从其他语言, 从我现代的舌头, 得到的现有知识, |
| 124 | We should be doing that. | 我们应该这样做。 |
| 125 | We should be trying to learn with use of our existing languages. | 我们应该努力用我们现有的语言来学习。 |
| 126 | We should be using our native tongues. | 我们应该用我们的母语。 |
| 127 | We should be using our abilities to speak from day one, and we should be looking at actions more than nouns. | 我们应利用我们的能力,从第一天开始就发言,我们应更多地关注行动,而不是名词。 |
| 128 | When you learn what it means, what it means the word to hurt, it's still more useful than actually what it means, what the word arm is. | 当你学会它的意思,它的意思是伤害,它仍然比实际上它的意思,什么是手臂更有用. |
| 129 | You can be like, hurt, hurt, but what will you do with an arm? | 你可以像,伤害,伤害, 但你会怎么做 用一只手臂? |
| 130 | It doesn't work like that. | 岂不效哉. |
| 131 | Actions are more important than words, and this sort of progress is something that's key for learning a language effectively. | 行动比言语更重要, 这种进步是有效学习语言的关键。 |
| 132 | So what I presented to you today is four principles and some key points, some things that maybe you've heard, some things that maybe were new to you, the parent speaker probably. | 我今天向大家介绍的是四条原则 和一些要点, 一些你可能听说过的事情, 一些也许对你来说是新事物, 家长演讲者。 |
| 133 | All these things are essential. | 所有这些事情都至关重要。 |
| 134 | You can't remove one and hope that the others will come with it or that you focus only on one of them and completely disregard the others. | 你不能删除一个,希望其他人会带着它,或者你只专注于其中之一,完全无视其他的. |
| 135 | It is important to push yourselves to your limits, to go out there, and this is going to sound like a great cliche once again, but to push yourself, go out there and actually experience the language firsthand. | 重要的是要把自己推到极限,去那里, 这听起来会再次像一个伟大的陈词滥调, 但是要推自己,去那里, 并且实际亲身体验语言。 |
| 136 | No school, no institution, no book can ever give you that. | 没有学校,没有机构, 没有书可以给你。 |
| 137 | And just on the very end, I would like to dispel one last thing that I've been told in past that I've heard people tell me or people tell other people that it's talent that's required, that for being able to learn language, you need talent. | 最后,我想消除过去我听到的最后一个问题, 我听到有人告诉我,或者有人告诉其他人, 需要的是才能, 才能学习语言,你需要才能。 |
| 138 | You need to be able to have this magical skill within you that you're born with. | 你需要拥有你天生的神奇技能 |
| 139 | It's not true. | 非实非实. |
| 140 | Anyone can learn language. | 谁能学语言. |
| 141 | Anyone I've known, when they push themselves hard enough, they're able to speak a language. | 任何我认识的人,当他们用力地推自己时,就能说出一种语言. |
| 142 | Some people are far superior to me and there are probably hundreds and millions like that, but it is that thing that you push yourselves that differentiates you from other people, this push. | 有些人比我高得多, 可能还有上亿和上百万这样的人, 但正是你们自己推着的东西 把你和其他人区别开来, 这种推力。 |
| 143 | So don't be scared to push. | 所以不要害怕推车。 |
| 144 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
该视频共有字幕 144 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到 价格
P3 · 如何高效学习语言【TED演讲】 p03 无字幕(中英外挂) (P3)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:01 | Last summer when I was alone in Tallinn, Estonia, I had to face a challenge. | 去年夏天,我在爱沙尼亚塔林独自一人时,不得不面对挑战。 |
| 0:07 | This challenge was this simple phrase and many others like it, territory most. | 这一挑战就是这个简单的短语,还有许多其他类似的话,就是领土。 |
| 0:12 | I presume none of you speak Estonian. | 我猜你们都不会说爱沙尼亚语 |
| 0:14 | I take that as a no. | 我认为这是不。 |
| 0:17 | So and I was in the same situation as you are right now back in the last summer | 所以去年夏天我和你的情况一样 |
| 0:21 | because I never spoke Estonian, never read an Estonian book, never watched an Estonian movie, | 因为我从不说爱沙尼亚语,从不读爱沙尼亚书,从不看爱沙尼亚电影, |
| 0:25 | never actually listened to an Estonian song or met anybody from Estonia. | 从未真正听过爱沙尼亚的歌曲 也从未见过爱沙尼亚人 |
| 0:29 | Yet I had to act quickly. | 但我得快点行动 |
| 0:30 | I had to be able to at that one single spot be able to understand what the barista was saying when I was ordering my coffee, | 我不得不在那个单一的地方 能够理解吧台说些什么 当我点咖啡, |
| 0:37 | be able to understand what the passport security person was asking me at the airport when I was coming to Estonia and was leaving Tallinn. | 我到爱沙尼亚离开塔林时, 护照安全人员在机场问我什么。 |
展开字幕全文（144 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last summer when I was alone in Tallinn, Estonia, I had to face a challenge. | 去年夏天,我在爱沙尼亚塔林独自一人时,不得不面对挑战。 |
| 2 | This challenge was this simple phrase and many others like it, territory most. | 这一挑战就是这个简单的短语,还有许多其他类似的话,就是领土。 |
| 3 | I presume none of you speak Estonian. | 我猜你们都不会说爱沙尼亚语 |
| 4 | I take that as a no. | 我认为这是不。 |
| 5 | So and I was in the same situation as you are right now back in the last summer | 所以去年夏天我和你的情况一样 |
| 6 | because I never spoke Estonian, never read an Estonian book, never watched an Estonian movie, | 因为我从不说爱沙尼亚语,从不读爱沙尼亚书,从不看爱沙尼亚电影, |
| 7 | never actually listened to an Estonian song or met anybody from Estonia. | 从未真正听过爱沙尼亚的歌曲 也从未见过爱沙尼亚人 |
| 8 | Yet I had to act quickly. | 但我得快点行动 |
| 9 | I had to be able to at that one single spot be able to understand what the barista was saying when I was ordering my coffee, | 我不得不在那个单一的地方 能够理解吧台说些什么 当我点咖啡, |
| 10 | be able to understand what the passport security person was asking me at the airport when I was coming to Estonia and was leaving Tallinn. | 我到爱沙尼亚离开塔林时, 护照安全人员在机场问我什么。 |
| 11 | I had to be able to comprehend the language, to comprehend it at that very single moment. | 我必须能够理解语言, 在那一刻理解它。 |
| 12 | And this experience raised the question, how can one learn a language in a very limited amount of time, | 这种经历提出了一个问题, 一个人怎么能在非常有限的时间内学习语言, |
| 13 | comprehend it, be able to act with it, be able to work with it, to meet people with it and most of all to progress in it. | 理解它,能够与它一起行动,能够与它一起工作,与人们一起工作,最重要的是在其中取得进展。 |
| 14 | I attended a talk last September which was right above this issue. | 去年9月,我参加了一个讨论,这个问题高于这个问题。 |
| 15 | It was held by a polyglot. | 由多块块块所持. |
| 16 | She was from Slovakia and was willing to talk about how she is learning, how she was learning and is still learning to this day | 她来自斯洛伐克,愿意谈论她是如何学习的,如何学习,直到今天仍在学习 |
| 17 | new languages. | 新语言。 |
| 18 | She told us of people that speak six, ten, twelve, sixteen languages even. | 她告诉我们那些会说六、十、十二、十六种语言的人 |
| 19 | They devote their whole lives to this idea of being able to comprehend every single one of them or as many as they could. | 他们毕生致力于这个想法,即能够理解他们中的每一个人或尽可能多的人。 |
| 20 | And if you are thinking that there is a magical way, some magical secret which she told me, I have to disappoint you. | 如果你在想 有一种神奇的方式, 一个神奇的秘密,她告诉我, 我必须让你失望。 |
| 21 | There is no single super method. | 没有单一的超级方法。 |
| 22 | If the polyglots, all of them worldwide, agree on one thing, it is that there is no way, | 如果全世界所有的多姐妹都同意一件事 那就是没有办法 |
| 23 | one fastest way how to learn a language. | 一个最快的方法 如何学习语言。 |
| 24 | It has to be personal. | 必须是个人的。 |
| 25 | You have to be able to choose a personal way and find it | 你必须能够选择一个个人的方法 找到它 |
| 26 | and find your language through a personal way and modify it as much as you possibly can to suit you, to suit your type of learning. | 找到自己的语言 通过个人的方式, 并尽可能修改它 适合你, 适合你的学习类型。 |
| 27 | Some people prefer to stub their head full of vocabulary and to fill it with words and phrases until their head bursts. | 有些人更喜欢用满满的词汇扎住头部,并用文字和短语填充,直到头部破裂. |
| 28 | Some of us prefer to watch a movie, to talk with a person in a pub or like me, when going back from the library, | 我们中有些人更喜欢看电影 和酒吧里的人谈话 或者像我一样 |
| 29 | working on an essay for six hours till dying morning, meet a drunken Frenchman and talk to him in French and practice as much as I can. | 在一篇散文中工作了六小时,直到早上死去,遇到一个醉酒的法国人,用法语和他交谈,尽我所能练习. |
| 30 | There are many ways. | 有许多方法。 |
| 31 | Some people even prefer those video games that you know your phones, you know, the memorizes and those kind of things. | 有些人甚至更喜欢那些电子游戏, 你知道你的手机, 你知道,记忆和那些东西。 |
| 32 | I'm not much of a fan of that, but that's a personal thing again. | 我不太喜欢这个,但那又是私人恩怨 |
| 33 | Today, what I'll be presenting to you is something different. | 今天,我要向你们展示的是不同的东西。 |
| 34 | It is, or these are the four points which are intrinsic to our learning, | 这是,或者这些是 我们学习所固有的四点, |
| 35 | which are the building blocks of any learning of any language we will ever do. | 这些是我们学习任何语言的基石。 |
| 36 | Doesn't matter if it's Chinese, if it's Arabic, it is Hebrew, Estonian, French, Spanish, any language whatsoever. | 不管是中文,还是阿拉伯文,都是希伯来语,爱沙尼亚语,法语,西班牙语,任何语言都无所谓. |
| 37 | These four things, message, importance, observation, comprehension, all amount to the same thing, the same goal. | 这四件事,信息,重要性,观察,理解,都相当于相同的东西,同样的目标. |
| 38 | Learning a language effectively. | 有效地学习一种语言。 |
| 39 | And they all are, as you'll soon find, interconnected. | 而且,你们很快会发现,它们都是相互联系的。 |
| 40 | You cannot just focus on one of them. | 你不能只关注其中之一。 |
| 41 | You cannot just focus on importance and hope that you will, through this relevance to who you are, you'll be able to learn quickly. | 你不能仅仅专注于重要性,希望你能够通过这种与自己身份的相关性,迅速学习. |
| 42 | Or similarly, you cannot just focus on comprehension, as we do in our schools nowadays. | 同样,你不能像现在我们学校一样,只注重理解。 |
| 43 | We focus too much on memorizing vocabulary or learning phrases about whatever thing that there is prescribed by the booklets. | 我们过于注重于记忆词汇或学习语句,以了解小册子规定的任何事物。 |
| 44 | But that's not how you learn a language. | 但你不是这么学语言的 |
| 45 | I'll get into them more later once I progress through the talk. | 我待会再谈 |
| 46 | The first one is message. | 第一个是信息。 |
| 47 | Some of you, this might seem bizarre about what I mean by message. | 你们中有些人,这似乎很奇怪 关于我所说的信息。 |
| 48 | It is, well, you'll see yourselves. | 这是,好了,你会看到自己。 |
| 49 | This sentence is in Estonian. | 此句在爱沙尼亚语中. |
| 50 | Since you know how to speak Estonian, I'm not going to be asking what it actually means. | 既然你知道怎么说爱沙尼亚语 我不会问它到底是什么意思 |
| 51 | But does anybody, or rather, let me read it. | 但任何人都可以, 或者说,让我读读它。 |
| 52 | I'm not fluent in Estonian, so just like, be ready with me. | 我不流利的爱沙尼亚语,所以就像, 准备好和我在一起。 |
| 53 | So. | 所以说 So. |
| 54 | Now, still you have no clue what this actually means. | 现在,你还是不知道 这到底意味着什么。 |
| 55 | I don't presume that from some magic learning of some broken Estonian, you magically speak or learn, understand this one phrase. | 我不认为从一些神奇的学习 一些破碎的爱沙尼亚语, 你神奇的说话或学习, 理解这个短语。 |
| 56 | But already you can see that there is ja twice. | 但你已经看到有两次了 |
| 57 | And because language is logically structured, you are able to deduce that probably because also these two words have the same endings, this one and this one and then these two. | 因为语言是逻辑结构的, 你可以推断出这一点, 可能是因为这两个词有相同的结局, 这个,这个,然后这两个。 |
| 58 | Then maybe that means and, and already in less than 30 seconds, you understand one word and language that you've never seen in your whole life. | 也许这意味着, 和已经不到30秒, 你明白一个字和语言 你从来没有见过 在你的整个生活。 |
| 59 | And through progressing like this, through making these small steps, you're able to actually learn it. | 通过这样的进步, 通过这些小步骤, 你能够真正学习它。 |
| 60 | What if I put another sentence here in a language that some of you speak, maybe more than some of you, maybe all of you, but certain that it's more familiar because we are in an Anglophone, Francophone society. | 如果我在这里用你们中有些人会说的语言, 可能比你们中有些人,也许你们所有人都会说, 但肯定它更熟悉,因为我们是讲英语的,讲法语的。 |
| 61 | So most of us, presumably. | 因此,大部分我们,大概。 |
| 62 | And what if I put another one, which all of us speak in English? | 如果我再放一个,我们用英语讲哪个呢? |
| 63 | This is how you learn language. | 这就是你学习语言的方式。 |
| 64 | Once you find the meaning, the message behind a sentence, you are able to acquire the language. | 一旦找到句子背后的意义,信息,就能够获得语言. |
| 65 | There are signifiers in a language which all help you to build a logical structure of this said language. | 有一种语言中的符号,它们都帮助您构建这个语言的逻辑结构。 |
| 66 | When you understand the message, you unconsciously acquired language. | 当你理解信息时,你无意识地获得语言. |
| 67 | This doesn't mean that by understanding one phrase from the Charter of Human Rights, from the United Nations, you understand Estonian or French or English for that matter. | 这并不意味着,通过理解《人权宪章》中的一句话,即联合国的话,你理解爱沙尼亚语、法语或英语。 |
| 68 | It simply means that you will have the building blocks with which you can build the learning. | 它只是意味着你将拥有构建学习的基础。 |
| 69 | You have the logical structure which builds on this language. | 您拥有基于这种语言的逻辑结构。 |
| 70 | Then you have importance, importance. | 那你有重要的意义,重要 |
| 71 | Every language, no matter what it is, has to be useful to you, has to be relevant to you, has to be something you enjoy. | 每一种语言,无论是什么,都必须对你们有用,必须与你们相关,必须是你们喜欢的东西. |
| 72 | When I was in school many years ago, in my very elementary school, I was forced to study Spanish. | 当我在很多年前的学校,在我的小学,我被迫学习西班牙语。 |
| 73 | I hated it. | 我讨厌它。 |
| 74 | I couldn't stand it. | 我无法忍受 |
| 75 | Nothing against Spanish, nothing against that. | 没有反对西班牙语,也没有反对西班牙语。 |
| 76 | It was simply I just didn't enjoy it. | 我只是不喜欢这样 |
| 77 | I couldn't learn a single sentence. | 我一个句子都学不好 |
| 78 | When I was in Italy for my Duke of Edinburgh residential trip, I decided to study Italian and I was just like, yes, I'm going to learn this language. | 当我在意大利参加爱丁堡公爵的住宿之旅时,我决定学习意大利语,我就像,是的,我要学习这种语言. |
| 79 | And then I failed because I was not able to enjoy it because I just didn't enjoy it. | 然后我失败了,因为我无法享受它, 因为我只是不喜欢它。 |
| 80 | And actually, from that one trip, I had more from Swedish because I met a Swedish friend that I'm still in contact to this day. | 事实上,从那次旅行中,我得到了更多的瑞典语, 因为我遇到了一个瑞典朋友,我至今仍在联系他。 |
| 81 | It is this enjoyment, this relevance to you that is important. | 正是这种享受,这种与你们的相关性才是重要的。 |
| 82 | It has to be relevant to your education, something that you want to learn because you want to progress in your life. | 它必须与你的教育有关,一些你想要学习的东西,因为你想要在生活中进步. |
| 83 | It has to be relevant because of family or friends. | 因为家人或朋友的缘故,它必须是相关的. |
| 84 | You have to find enjoyment in it. | 你必须在其中找到享受。 |
| 85 | It has to be relevant because of your job. | 因为你的工作,它必须是相关的。 |
| 86 | Maybe you have a job in, I don't know, Ireland or Stockholm and you need to learn the language to be able to work with it. | 也许你有一份工作,我不知道,爱尔兰或斯德哥尔摩 你需要学习语言 才能与它合作。 |
| 87 | And like me, maybe it's relevant to your travels because being international, this is what this whole day is about, means that you want to open yourself to other opportunities. | 和我一样,也许这与你的旅行有关, 因为作为国际旅行者,这就是这一整天的目的, 意味着你想向其他机会敞开心扉。 |
| 88 | For me, that means to see different cultures and different worlds. | 对我来说,这意味着要看到不同的文化和不同的世界。 |
| 89 | And as a part of that, you have to be able to speak the language to at least some degree. | 作为其中的一部分,你必须至少能够讲某种程度的语言. |
| 90 | Languages are tools just like any other part of our lives. | 语言就像我们生活中任何其他部分一样是工具。 |
| 91 | They can be used in some meaningful way. | 它们可以用某种有意义的方式使用。 |
| 92 | Once you find what this meaningful way is, you're able to learn much faster and therefore choose a language that's useful to you. | 一旦找到这个有意义的方法,你就能更快地学习,因此选择一种对你有帮助的语言. |
| 93 | Now, on to observation. | 现在,开始观察 |
| 94 | And this is probably the part that I think might be one of the most important, simply because it can be done so easily. | 这可能是我认为最重要的部分之一, 因为它可以很容易做到。 |
| 95 | This photo was taken when I was also, last summer, walking the Tour de Mont Blanc in between France, Italy and Switzerland. | 这张照片是去年夏天我在法国、意大利和瑞士之间 散步时拍的。 |
| 96 | And when I took it, I was just crossing the Italian-French border. | 当我拿走它时,我刚刚越过了意大利和法国的边界。 |
| 97 | I just came from a little, a little refugio on the French side and was walking up the mountain to cross the Italian side. | 我刚刚从法国一侧的一点,一点点的Refugio那里过来,当时正在山上走过意大利一侧. |
| 98 | And in the same day, I spoke both French and Italian. | 同一天,我讲法语和意大利语。 |
| 99 | My French is by no means good, but I'm able to talk with it. | 吾法门虽不善,但能与其谈. |
| 100 | Italian is much harder. | 意大利语更难听 |
| 101 | But still, I was able to comprehend the people, ask for a bed, and in a dire situation, not be forced to sleep outside in wind and freezing cold, because that would not be enjoyable at all. | 但是,我仍然能够理解人民,要求一张床,在严峻的形势下,不要被迫在风中和寒冷中睡在外面,因为那根本不是一件好事。 |
| 102 | And from it, I realized that there are two key things, that you have to be actually immerse yourself in the language to some degree. | 从中,我意识到有两件关键的事情, 你必须在某种程度上沉浸在语言中。 |
| 103 | You cannot just set it home and hope that language will come to you, that the knowledge that you are able to do with it will actually come to you like that. | 你不能只是把它带回家,希望语言会降临到你身上, 你能够做的知识会这样降临到你身上。 |
| 104 | You have to be actually able to put yourself there, to pay attention, to observe what people are doing, how they speak, how they emote, and hopefully from that, build up your knowledge. | 你必须能够把自己放在那里, 注意, 观察人们在做什么, 他们如何说话, 他们如何启示, 希望从中, 积累你的知识。 |
| 105 | And, and this is actually a key thing, I think people should start doing this, you should be looking for something called a parent speaker. | 而这其实是件关键的事, 我认为人们应该开始做这个, 你应该找一个叫做家长演讲的人。 |
| 106 | Now, this is what I learned during the talk about the polyglots back in September. | 这是我在9月讨论多块块时学到的。 |
| 107 | It is an idea that when you're, and you speak a new language, you're like a baby, you don't know how to actually operate language. | 这是一个想法,当你说新语言的时候, 你就像一个婴儿,你不知道如何实际操作语言。 |
| 108 | You're just plucked in a world where all adults speak in a different language, and you're just hoping to grasp a meaning about it, grasp something that you can know, a word that you can understand. | 你只是在一个所有成年人都用不同语言说话的世界中被挑拔出来, 你只是希望能够抓住它的意义, 抓住你能知道的东西,一个你能理解的词。 |
| 109 | What you need is a parent speaker. | 你需要的是一个家长演讲者。 |
| 110 | Somebody that will speak to you on the same level will help you learn new words, and will actually correct you, will actually give you advice how to speak better, and will not diminish you in any sort of way. | 某个会跟你说话的人 会帮助你学习新的词, 并且会真正纠正你, 会给你建议如何更好地说话, 并且不会以任何方式削弱你。 |
| 111 | That is key, because when you're able to practice your speaking, your learning in that sense, you learn faster, because, and this is actually going to be the very next slide, I think, afterwards, so I'm going to quickly get to this, sorry for that. | 这是关键,因为当你能够练习你的演讲, 你从这个意义上学习, 你学得更快, 因为,这实际上是下一个幻灯片, 我想, 之后, 所以我会很快得到这个, 对不起。 |
| 112 | When you actually learn a language through comprehension, through observation, you are able to then speak the language, and that is one of the most important things, because how else would you want to communicate with people, especially like me, when you | 当你真正通过理解,通过观察来学习一种语言时, 你就可以说出语言, 这是最重要的事情之一, 因为如果你想旅行,你还想要怎样与人沟通, 特别是像我这样的人, 当你想要旅行的时候,你需要能够用你的知识采取行动。 |
| 113 | You have to be able to actually find somebody that you can talk to in an equal sense, and you have to be able to listen a lot. | 你必须能真正找到一个能平等交谈的人,你必须能够听得很多. |
| 114 | People don't want to listen, they revert back to English, they revert back to their natural tongue, because they are scared, don't be scared, this is going to sound like a great cliché, don't be scared to make mistakes, make them, they're going to be corr | 人们不想听,回到英语,回到自然的舌头上,因为他们害怕,不要害怕,这听起来会像一个伟大的陈词滥调,不要害怕犯错误,让错误,被人们纠正,你们要从中吸取教训. |
| 115 | And now to the thing that I was hoping to talk about, comprehension, and this thing can be split into two parts, memory and comprehension or knowledge, and I feel like nowadays in schools, what we do is we just stuff our heads with vocabulary until they e | 现在,关于我想要谈论的,理解, 这个东西可以分成两个部分, 记忆和理解或知识, 我觉得现在在学校里,我们所做的就是 把我们的头塞进词汇,直到它们爆炸。 |
| 116 | We shouldn't be doing that, because memory or knowledge isn't comprehension. | 我们不应该这样做, 因为记忆或知识是不理解的。 |
| 117 | 比如说,我懂爱尔兰语的一句话, anachimolachy Gondy Chana, 意思是我说爱尔兰语吗? | |
| 118 | By no means. | 绝对不行 |
| 119 | I don't even properly know what the sentence means, but I know it's Irish. | 我甚至不知道这句话的意思 但我知道是爱尔兰语 |
| 120 | I have that one piece of knowledge, but I couldn't say I comprehend the language by no means whatsoever, and that's the issue. | 我有一个知识, 但我不能说我完全理解语言, 这就是问题所在。 |
| 121 | We force ourselves to learn complex vocabulary that is not relevant to us. | 我们强迫自己学习与我们无关的复杂词汇。 |
| 122 | We're forced to stuff our heads with words that don't bear any meaning and that we'll never probably use ever in our lives. | 我们不得不用没有意义的话语 来表达我们的头部 永远也不会用在生活中 |
| 123 | Yet we don't actually focus on comprehending them, to comprehending the structures in the sentences, to actually using our existing knowledge from other languages, from my modern tongues, to actually progress further. | 然而,我们实际上并不专注于理解它们, 理解句子中的结构, 实际利用我们从其他语言, 从我现代的舌头, 得到的现有知识, |
| 124 | We should be doing that. | 我们应该这样做。 |
| 125 | We should be trying to learn with use of our existing languages. | 我们应该努力用我们现有的语言来学习。 |
| 126 | We should be using our native tongues. | 我们应该用我们的母语。 |
| 127 | We should be using our abilities to speak from day one, and we should be looking at actions more than nouns. | 我们应利用我们的能力,从第一天开始就发言,我们应更多地关注行动,而不是名词。 |
| 128 | When you learn what it means, what it means the word to hurt, it's still more useful than actually what it means, what the word arm is. | 当你学会它的意思,它的意思是伤害,它仍然比实际上它的意思,什么是手臂更有用. |
| 129 | You can be like, hurt, hurt, but what will you do with an arm? | 你可以像,伤害,伤害, 但你会怎么做 用一只手臂? |
| 130 | It doesn't work like that. | 岂不效哉. |
| 131 | Actions are more important than words, and this sort of progress is something that's key for learning a language effectively. | 行动比言语更重要, 这种进步是有效学习语言的关键。 |
| 132 | So what I presented to you today is four principles and some key points, some things that maybe you've heard, some things that maybe were new to you, the parent speaker probably. | 我今天向大家介绍的是四条原则 和一些要点, 一些你可能听说过的事情, 一些也许对你来说是新事物, 家长演讲者。 |
| 133 | All these things are essential. | 所有这些事情都至关重要。 |
| 134 | You can't remove one and hope that the others will come with it or that you focus only on one of them and completely disregard the others. | 你不能删除一个,希望其他人会带着它,或者你只专注于其中之一,完全无视其他的. |
| 135 | It is important to push yourselves to your limits, to go out there, and this is going to sound like a great cliche once again, but to push yourself, go out there and actually experience the language firsthand. | 重要的是要把自己推到极限,去那里, 这听起来会再次像一个伟大的陈词滥调, 但是要推自己,去那里, 并且实际亲身体验语言。 |
| 136 | No school, no institution, no book can ever give you that. | 没有学校,没有机构, 没有书可以给你。 |
| 137 | And just on the very end, I would like to dispel one last thing that I've been told in past that I've heard people tell me or people tell other people that it's talent that's required, that for being able to learn language, you need talent. | 最后,我想消除过去我听到的最后一个问题, 我听到有人告诉我,或者有人告诉其他人, 需要的是才能, 才能学习语言,你需要才能。 |
| 138 | You need to be able to have this magical skill within you that you're born with. | 你需要拥有你天生的神奇技能 |
| 139 | It's not true. | 非实非实. |
| 140 | Anyone can learn language. | 谁能学语言. |
| 141 | Anyone I've known, when they push themselves hard enough, they're able to speak a language. | 任何我认识的人,当他们用力地推自己时,就能说出一种语言. |
| 142 | Some people are far superior to me and there are probably hundreds and millions like that, but it is that thing that you push yourselves that differentiates you from other people, this push. | 有些人比我高得多, 可能还有上亿和上百万这样的人, 但正是你们自己推着的东西 把你和其他人区别开来, 这种推力。 |
| 143 | So don't be scared to push. | 所以不要害怕推车。 |
| 144 | Thank you. | 谢谢 |
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