记忆并不储存在大脑里 | 真正储存记忆的是时间-Victor
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | So, in many of the experiments which are set out to prove the storage hypothesis, for example | 因此,在很多实验中, 被设定来证明存储假说,例如 |
| 0:07 | Eric Kendall had his series of Nobel Prize winning experiments on the study of the neuroplasticity | Eric Kendall在神经弹性研究上 做了一系列诺贝尔奖得主实验 |
| 0:12 | of sea slugs, but in most of these experiments a memory is nothing more than a physiological | 但是在大多数实验中 记忆只是生理的 |
| 0:17 | response or the product of behavioral reflex conditioning. | 反应或行为反射调节的产物。 |
| 0:23 | But it's a long way from training, you know, say a gill withdrawal reflex response in a sea slug | 但是这离训练还有很长的路要走, 你知道,在海弹中说一个 gi退反射反应 |
| 0:30 | to the conscious declarative recollection of the past that we typically speak of in the human case. | 以自觉的宣示性地回忆了我们通常在人类案件中提到的过去。 |
| 0:46 | Thank you, thank you, thank you so much everyone and thank you to the wonderful Institute of Art | 谢谢大家,谢谢大家,谢谢大家 感谢艺术学院 |
| 0:52 | and Ideas and the How the Light Gets in Festival. | 以及节日中的光明 |
| 0:54 | This has been such a special weekend and yeah so | 这个周末特别 |
| 0:58 | today I'm going to give a talk called Memory is Not Stored in the Brain. | 今天我要讲一个叫"记忆不存脑"的话题. |
展开字幕全文（217 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | So, in many of the experiments which are set out to prove the storage hypothesis, for example | 因此,在很多实验中, 被设定来证明存储假说,例如 |
| 2 | Eric Kendall had his series of Nobel Prize winning experiments on the study of the neuroplasticity | Eric Kendall在神经弹性研究上 做了一系列诺贝尔奖得主实验 |
| 3 | of sea slugs, but in most of these experiments a memory is nothing more than a physiological | 但是在大多数实验中 记忆只是生理的 |
| 4 | response or the product of behavioral reflex conditioning. | 反应或行为反射调节的产物。 |
| 5 | But it's a long way from training, you know, say a gill withdrawal reflex response in a sea slug | 但是这离训练还有很长的路要走, 你知道,在海弹中说一个 gi退反射反应 |
| 6 | to the conscious declarative recollection of the past that we typically speak of in the human case. | 以自觉的宣示性地回忆了我们通常在人类案件中提到的过去。 |
| 7 | Thank you, thank you, thank you so much everyone and thank you to the wonderful Institute of Art | 谢谢大家,谢谢大家,谢谢大家 感谢艺术学院 |
| 8 | and Ideas and the How the Light Gets in Festival. | 以及节日中的光明 |
| 9 | This has been such a special weekend and yeah so | 这个周末特别 |
| 10 | today I'm going to give a talk called Memory is Not Stored in the Brain. | 今天我要讲一个叫"记忆不存脑"的话题. |
| 11 | Some of you may have read the | 你们有些人可能读过 |
| 12 | article I wrote for IAI, which bears the same title. | 我为IAI撰写的文章,标题相同。 |
| 13 | It did cause quite a stir, which I welcomed | 这确实引起了很大的骚动,我欢迎 |
| 14 | and was very glad about, but today I'm going to go a bit beyond the arguments that I made in that | 我很高兴,但今天我要去 有点超出我的论点 |
| 15 | article and I'm going to try to present to you my alternative philosophy of memory and we're going | 文章,我会试着向你介绍 我另一种记忆哲学,我们要去 |
| 16 | to get quite metaphysical and philosophical so I invite you all to let your mind to travel to that | 我邀请你们大家 让你的头脑去旅行 |
| 17 | place this afternoon. | 今天下午就在这里 |
| 18 | I've spent more than 10 years meditating upon memory in a scholarly setting | 我花了十余年在学术环境中沉思记忆 |
| 19 | in an academic philosophy background. | 在一个学术哲学背景。 |
| 20 | It really took quite a lot to break my mind upon this problem | 这件事让我很不爽 |
| 21 | and to learn how to watch the intricate dance between the past and the present which is | 并学习如何观看过去和现在的复杂舞蹈 |
| 22 | always ongoing in our psychological life so hopefully we can touch on some aspects of that | 我们的心理生活总是在持续 希望我们能触及到一些方面 |
| 23 | today. | 今时. |
| 24 | I'd like to begin by saying that my background, my training in philosophy, was informed | 首先我想说的是,我的背景,我的哲学训练,被告知了 |
| 25 | by a philosophical tradition which has gone on for thousands of years which claims that we can | 几千年来的哲学传统 声称我们可以 |
| 26 | understand the mind on its own terms and that in fact it won't be very helpful to try to understand | 理解自己的想法, 并且事实上,它不会非常 帮助尝试理解 |
| 27 | the mind on terms other than itself. | 除了自己以外,还有其他条件 |
| 28 | Now what does that mean? | 这是什么意思? |
| 29 | Well it means that it won't be | 意思是不会 |
| 30 | particularly helpful to try to understand the mind in terms of say the physical which has been a | 特别是帮助试图理解 心灵的说, 物理一直是一个 |
| 31 | popular narrative for at least the past 100 years in mainstream philosophy and popular discourse | 在过去至少100年的主流哲学和流行言论中, |
| 32 | and I think it's really recently become more apparent in mainstream philosophy as well as | 我认为这在主流哲学和 |
| 33 | in the culture at large that this attempt to explain the mental by the physical for example | 在一般文化中,这种试图用身体等来解释精神 |
| 34 | to explain the mind by the brain has not really helped us to explain the mind very much at all | 用大脑来解释心灵 根本帮不了我们解释心灵 |
| 35 | and if anything it might in fact be just adding one mystery to another. | 如果有什么事情 它可能只是 增加一个神秘到另一个。 |
| 36 | So what is the mind? | 那么,这是什么想法? |
| 37 | Sometimes we refer to it by other terms by consciousness for example or at one point in | 有时我们用其他词语来称呼它,比如通过意识,或者在某个时候 |
| 38 | time we referred to it as the soul but it doesn't really matter what we call it and in fact sometimes | 时间,我们把它称为灵魂, 但是它真的不重要 我们称之为它,事实上有时 |
| 39 | the names or terms we use to refer to the mind can distract us or obfuscate the initial reality that | 我们用来指向心灵的名称或术语 可能会分散我们的注意力 或混淆最初的现实 |
| 40 | we were trying to describe and that's because we all live and know it. | 我们试图描述,那是因为 我们都活着,知道它。 |
| 41 | In its most basic and | 在其最基本的和 |
| 42 | bare primitive sense what I'm referring to by your mind is simply the conscious life that you are | 我指的只是你的意识生活 |
| 43 | experiencing right here and right now. | 这里和现在 |
| 44 | It's what each of us denotes by the words I or me | 我们每个人都用我或我的话来表示 |
| 45 | and what is this I? | 这是什么? |
| 46 | Well it's something that appears at least to overflow the boundaries | 嗯,它似乎至少 超越了边界 |
| 47 | of the body. | 将身体。 |
| 48 | It overflows the boundaries of the body in space because by our vision and | 它超越了太空中的身体的界限,因为我们的愿景和 |
| 49 | senses we see far beyond the surface of ourselves even up to the stars and it passes beyond it also | 感觉我们远远超越了自己的表面 甚至到恒星,它也超越它 |
| 50 | in time because by our memory our consciousness peers over the edges of the present moment | 及时的,因为通过我们的记忆 我们的意识的同伴 在现在的边缘 |
| 51 | into the past and by our will we also anticipate prepare and help to co-create | 根据我们的意愿,我们还期待筹备和帮助共同创建 |
| 52 | the incoming future. | 未来 |
| 53 | So besides our body which is delimited by its physical boundaries and position | 因此,除了我们的身体 被它的物理边界和位置所划分 |
| 54 | in the world confined to the present moment we also have a mind which appears to draw from itself | 在目前的世界中,我们也有一种思想,似乎从中汲取 |
| 55 | more than the contents that it owes to the senses and which gives back to the matter that surrounds | 比它欠感官的内容还要多 而且它还给周围的问题 |
| 56 | it more than it already has through this stamp of its creative personality. | 它已经超过它 通过这个标志 它的创造性个性。 |
| 57 | Well let us grant at | 那么,让我们给予 |
| 58 | least that this is the appearance of things right now. | 至少这是现在的事情 |
| 59 | I grew up in a time when the mainstream | 我在主流时代长大的 |
| 60 | philosopher and the popular scientist alike would give the following swift response. | 哲学家和受欢迎的科学家都会作出如下迅速反应。 |
| 61 | Well very well | 不错 |
| 62 | that's all fine and good but this is nothing more than an appearance. | 这很好,但这只是一个外表。 |
| 63 | You, your mind, your thoughts, | 你,你的头脑,你的思想, |
| 64 | this so-called consciousness are in fact just built up like everything else in the world from | 这种所谓的意识,其实只是像世界上其他所有的东西一样的建立。 |
| 65 | the physical atoms and molecules which by a long process of evolution have come to combine themselves | 物理原子和分子 通过长期的进化过程 结合了它们自己 |
| 66 | in such a way so as to result in your present bodily configuration. | 从而形成你现在的身体形态 |
| 67 | This bodily configuration | 这个身体的构造 |
| 68 | includes a brain, a particularly intricate and impressive union of biochemical compounds that | 包括大脑,特别复杂和令人印象深刻的生物化学化合物结合 |
| 69 | by its own sheer existence generates or manufactures this mind or consciousness that | 产生或制造这种思想或意识 |
| 70 | you speak of. | 你说的 |
| 71 | Perception, that rich and dynamic image of the world that you see around you | 你所看到的充满活力的世界 |
| 72 | is nothing more than the result of a translation of physical vibrations into representations in | 仅仅是将物理振动转换成表征的结果 |
| 73 | the brain. | 大脑 |
| 74 | It is, as contemporary neuroscientist Anil Seth has said, a controlled hallucination. | 正如当代神经科学家Anil Seth所说,这是受控制的幻觉。 |
| 75 | And what of the memory? | 那记忆呢? |
| 76 | Well memory is nothing more than the traces of those impressions left | 记忆只是留下的痕迹 |
| 77 | upon the cerebral substance. | 在大脑的物质。 |
| 78 | It's like the residue of perception, the physical record, | 这就像感知的残余物, 物理记录, |
| 79 | the groove of experience which is comparable to data stored on a hard drive. | 与存储在硬盘上的数据可比较的经验沟槽。 |
| 80 | In totality this | 总之 |
| 81 | consciousness is an after effect, a lingering halo of complex physical processes. | 意识是一种后遗症,是复杂的物理过程的残余光环。 |
| 82 | Thus if we | 因此,如果我们 |
| 83 | could explain these physical processes, namely if we could access a total knowledge of the brain | 可以解释这些物理过程,即如果我们能够获得大脑的全部知识 |
| 84 | and conquer its unknown operations, well then we can explain everything that you philosophers | 然后我们就可以解释你们这些哲学家的一切 |
| 85 | attribute to this so-called mind. | 归属于这个所谓的心灵。 |
| 86 | So this is often what is said in the name of science. | 因此,这常常是科学名义上的说法. |
| 87 | But we can hardly call this theory scientific if by scientific we mean a theory which is | 但是,我们很难称这个理论为科学 如果我们在科学中是指一个理论 |
| 88 | observable or demonstrable. | 可见或可证. |
| 89 | For even in our present state of technology and neurophysiological | 即使现在的科技和神经生理状况 |
| 90 | understanding we could not even have a notion of how to go about verifying it. | 我们甚至无法理解如何进行核查。 |
| 91 | Crack open the | 打开 |
| 92 | presentations. | 专题介绍。 |
| 93 | What you can do is observe neural patterns and correlate this activity to | 你能做的是观察神经规律 并将这种活动与 |
| 94 | psychological reports. | 心理报告 |
| 95 | But the bridge principles which will link you from one domain to the other | 但桥梁原则 将你从一个领域连接到另一个领域 |
| 96 | will still be owing to the effort and work of speculative interpretation and previous | 由于投机性解释的努力和工作以及以往的 |
| 97 | theoretical commitments. | 理论承诺。 |
| 98 | A young science is always quick to dogmatize and neurophysiology | 年轻的科学总是会迅速教条化和神经生理 |
| 99 | is a young science. | 这是一个年轻的科学。 |
| 100 | Having only a limited experience at its disposal it works less so | 其经验有限,工作较少 |
| 101 | upon the given facts than upon a few simple ideas. | 依据事实,而不是一些简单的想法。 |
| 102 | For example the principle of reductionism | 例如,减少原则 |
| 103 | or the idea that there is a one-to-one correspondence between mental life and brain | 或者认为精神生活和大脑之间 有一对一的对应 |
| 104 | activity, whether or not those principles or ideas are suggested by the facts. | 活动,无论这些原则或想法是否由事实提出。 |
| 105 | And then it | 礛 |
| 106 | treats these deductively. | 把这些从中扣除。 |
| 107 | One begins with the principle that we can seek out conscious facts | 首先,我们可以找出有意识的事实 |
| 108 | in brain states, that we can find the original mind, consciousness, memory in the translation, | 在大脑状态,我们可以找到 原始的心灵,意识,记忆 在翻译, |
| 109 | the brain states, and then for some, for example for eliminative materialists who choose to | 大脑会说,然后对一些人来说,例如,那些选择去消除物质的主义者。 |
| 110 | eliminate the existence of consciousness altogether, for some this search then ends with | 完全消除意识的存在, 对于一些这种搜索,然后结束于 |
| 111 | denying the original on the plea that we didn't find it in the translation. | 在翻译中找不到的抗辩书上否认了原件. |
| 112 | Well we might as | 我们也许 |
| 113 | well deny that the Iliad has any meaning because we chose to look in vain for its meaning in the | 完全否认伊利亚德有任何意义 因为我们选择徒劳地寻找它的意义 |
| 114 | spaces between letters. | 字母间空格。 |
| 115 | Okay so now let's focus our attention on memory in particular. | 现在让我们把注意力集中在记忆上 |
| 116 | Well so | 这么说吧 |
| 117 | the hypothesis that there exists a strict correspondence between mental and physical life | 心理和生理生活之间存在严格联系的假设 |
| 118 | dates back at least to the 17th century, but it was not until the foundations of the modern | 至少可以追溯到17世纪 但直到现代的基础 |
| 119 | discipline of neurophysiology in the 19th century that the hopeful vision of achieving this mental | 在19世纪的神经生理学科 实现这种精神的希望 |
| 120 | cerebral cartography finally gained new ground. | 大脑制图最终获得了新的基础. |
| 121 | And specifically it was the localization of | 具体来说,是本地化 |
| 122 | certain aspects of our memorial capacity within the brain which provided a promising route | 我们脑部的纪念能力的某些方面 提供了一条很有希望的路线 |
| 123 | for confirming this localization hypothesis broadly speaking. | 从广义上确认这个本地化假设。 |
| 124 | The critical discovery was | 关键发现是 |
| 125 | that of Paul Broca in 1861, an autopsy of his aphasiac patient, aphasia is a language disorder | 保罗·布罗卡1861年的尸检 他的麻痹病人 麻痹是一种语言障碍 |
| 126 | which caused by brain damage which impairs a patient's ability to speak, write, or comprehend | 导致脑损伤,损害病人说话、写作或理解的能力 |
| 127 | both spoken and written language. | 语言和书面语言。 |
| 128 | An autopsy revealed a lesion in the left anterior frontal | 尸检显示左侧前部有损伤 |
| 129 | now known as Broca's region and he concluded that this must be the language area of the cortex | 现在被称为布罗卡地区,他得出结论,这里必须是皮层的语言区. |
| 130 | or the part of the brain where memories of words are stored. | 或大脑中储存文字记忆的部分. |
| 131 | Now since this time this theory of | 从这次开始 这个理论 |
| 132 | rather simplistic region-based locationalism has evolved in neuroscientific research towards a more | 在神经科学研究中,基于区域的位置论已经发展到 |
| 133 | dynamic systems approach which depicts memories as widely distributed across networks of synapses | 动态系统方法,描述记忆在突触网络中广泛分布 |
| 134 | with different memory systems relying on different intercerebral circuits. | 不同的内存系统依赖不同的脑间电路. |
| 135 | But the basic idea that | 但基本的想法是, |
| 136 | memory traces are still etched somehow into tissue persists. | 记忆痕迹仍然刻在组织中 |
| 137 | It's just now this trace is understood as | 刚才这个痕迹被理解为 |
| 138 | spanning multiple regions involving a distributed ensemble of neurons whose connectivity adapts to | 跨越多个区域,涉及一个分布式神经元群,其连通性可适应 |
| 139 | experience and reactivation of these connectivity patterns results in retrieval or what we ordinarily | 这些连通模式的经验和重新启动导致检索或我们通常的检索。 |
| 140 | remember. | 记住 |
| 141 | I'd say that there are three main problems with the storage hypothesis. | 我认为存储假说有三个主要问题. |
| 142 | I'd say | 我会说 |
| 143 | that there are three categories of problems here. | 这里有三类问题 |
| 144 | We're not going to obviously deal with all of them | 我们显然不会对付他们 |
| 145 | nor are we going to deal with them in their detail today because I've dealt with them elsewhere | 我们今天也不会详细处理他们 因为我在别的地方处理过他们 |
| 146 | namely in my forthcoming book. | 在我即将出版的书里 |
| 147 | The first of these basic problems may be called the metaphor problem | 其中第一个基本问题可能被称为比喻问题 |
| 148 | or the conceptual problem and you can read more about this in the article I wrote for IAI. | 或概念问题 你可以在为IAI写的文章中读到更多关于这一点。 |
| 149 | In essence this is the problem with taking a metaphor such as the storehouse or storage, | 基本上,这是一个问题 采取比喻,如仓库或储存, |
| 150 | taking a metaphor and conceiving of it literally. | 从字面上来说, |
| 151 | It's the problem of confusing metaphorical language | 这是混淆比喻语言的问题 |
| 152 | with reality itself and it's also related to what is referred to in philosophy as the | 也与哲学中所谓的 |
| 153 | myriological problem and this is the problem with taking the brain and attributing or ascribing | 神经问题,这就是 脑部 和归属或描述的问题 |
| 154 | actions to it which we would typically reserve for the human person. | 我们通常会为人保留的行动。 |
| 155 | So for example researchers | 比如说研究人员 |
| 156 | will often say well the brain does this, the brain remembers, the brain decodes, the brain writes, | 大脑会经常说,大脑这样做, 大脑记得,大脑解码,大脑写, |
| 157 | the brain reads and you know those aren't really actions that we can properly describe to a brain | 大脑读,你知道 这些并不是真正 动作,我们可以恰当地描述给大脑 |
| 158 | those are actions that we ascribe to an organism, a human being and that we're then you know | 这些都是我们描述的 一种生物,一个人类,然后,你知道 |
| 159 | transferring to an organ. | 转移到一个器官。 |
| 160 | So there's problems with the metaphorical conceptual language that gets | 因此,有问题 与比喻的概念语言 |
| 161 | deployed in these studies. | 部署在这些研究中。 |
| 162 | The second set of problems has to do with the neuroscientific | 第二组问题与神经科学有关 |
| 163 | literature itself. | 文学本身。 |
| 164 | It is far more technical and involves a systematic interpretation of all the | 它的技术程度要高得多,需要系统地解释所有 |
| 165 | ways in which these memory studies have not proved that memory is stored in the brain. | 这些记忆研究没有证明记忆存储在大脑中的方式. |
| 166 | Again in my | 再说一遍 |
| 167 | book you can read all of these different ways that these studies are insufficient but these are two | 你可以读到所有这些不同的方式 这些研究是不够的,但这是两个 |
| 168 | essential conclusions which I can point out and summarize here. | 我在这里可以指出和总结一些基本结论。 |
| 169 | The first is that more often than | 第一个是,比起 |
| 170 | not these experiments don't examine memory in any meaningful sense of the word. | 而不是这些实验 并不检查记忆 任何有意义的意义这个词。 |
| 171 | So in many of the | 所以,在许多 |
| 172 | experiments which are set out to prove the storage hypothesis, for example Eric Kandel had his series | 证明存储假设的实验,例如Eric Kandel有他的系列 |
| 173 | of Nobel Prize winning experiments on the study of the neuroplasticity of sea slugs but most of | 诺贝尔奖得奖实验 关于研究海流的神经弹性 |
| 174 | these experiments and memory is nothing more than a physiological response or the product of | 这些实验和记忆 只不过是生理反应或产物 |
| 175 | reflex conditioning but it's a long way from training you know say a gill withdrawal reflex | 反射调节 但离训练还有很长的路要走 说" gi"反射 |
| 176 | response in a sea slug to the conscious declarative recollection of the past that we typically speak | 在海流中回应我们通常谈论的 对过去有意识的宣示回忆 |
| 177 | of in the human case and what reason do we have to suppose that physical conditioning to a regular | 在人的情况下, 以及我们有什么理由 假设身体上的调节 |
| 178 | reaction in rats for example should serve as the same fundament or basis for our more complex and | 例如,在大鼠体内的反应就应该成为我们更为复杂和复杂的基础。 |
| 179 | distinctly human form of recollection and the second kind of studies in the neuroscientific | 明显的人类记忆形式和神经科学中的第二类研究 |
| 180 | case relate more specifically to human beings and these involve the observations made in cases of | 这些案件更具体地涉及人,涉及在涉及人的情况下提出的意见。 |
| 181 | memory loss caused by brain damage or deterioration and the conclusion that I draw in interpreting | 脑损伤或恶化造成的记忆损失 以及我解释的结论 |
| 182 | these studies is that there's so much variation and variability in the different kinds of amnesias | 这些研究认为 不同种类的失忆症 有很多的变异 |
| 183 | that we have to ask ourselves does the destruction of a certain brain region abolish certain stored | 我们不得不问自己 摧毁某个大脑区域 是否废除某些存储 |
| 184 | memories or does it merely damage the possibility of recalling them so for example patient HM is | 或者它只是破坏回忆的可能性 比如病人HM |
| 185 | really the famous and pivotal case who Brenda Milner and her colleagues in the 1950s HM was | 20世纪50年代 布兰达·米尔纳和她的同事 |
| 186 | an epileptic patient who had large chunks of his hippocampus and medial temporal lobe removed he | 一个癫痫病人 他的河马大块 和中间的暂时叶切除 |
| 187 | had anterograde amnesia which means he couldn't form any new memories but he also had moderate | 他有厌食症 也就是说他无法形成任何新的记忆 但他也有温和的记忆 |
| 188 | retrograde amnesia which means that he couldn't recall very much of his past either so yes it | 倒行逆施的失忆症 意味着他也记不清自己的过去 |
| 189 | turns out that with nuclear brain damage on that scale you get both kinds of amnesias and this | 结果发现 核脑受到如此程度的破坏 你就会有两种失忆症 |
| 190 | led to the idea that the hippocampus was essential for the transfer of experience from short-term to | 导致一种想法,即海马营对于将经验从短期转让到 |
| 191 | long-term memory but the hippocampal literature and the theory of what the hippocampus is exactly | 长期记忆,但是河马的文献 以及河马的理论 |
| 192 | doing in recollection is so complex so varied there are simply too many divergent and oppositional | 在回忆中做如此复杂 如此多样... ... ...... |
| 193 | theories of what the hippocampus could potentially doing be doing that it's very hard to give a | 河马队可能做的理论 很难给出 |
| 194 | simplistic overview of this idea and in other cases of smaller scale brain damage such as for | 简略地概括了这一想法,以及在诸如对大脑的破坏等较小规模的其他情况下。 |
| 195 | example aphasiac patients who have suffered from stroke there's a surprising degree to which | 例如患中风的麻风病人,有惊人的程度 |
| 196 | patients are capable of recovery that they can remember memories which were previously thought | 病人能够恢复 能够记住以前想的记忆 |
| 197 | to be destroyed even when significant damage has occurred which reveals something about the complex | 即使发生了重大损害 揭示了复杂情况 |
| 198 | dynamic capacity for self-reorganization in the brain so what all of these observations of you | 大脑中自我重组的动态能力 所以你们所有这些观察 |
| 199 | know and implications of the neuroscientific literature force us to admit is that there is | 神经科学文献的影响 迫使我们承认 |
| 200 | certainly a very real dependence of our capacity to remember upon the health and integrity of the | 无疑,我们确实依赖我们的能力,以记住人类的健康和完整性。 |
| 201 | brain but nobody has ever seriously denied this in philosophy i mean nobody in the history of | 大脑,但从来没有人 严肃否认这一点 在哲学,我的意思是 历史上没有人 |
| 202 | philosophy has ever denied that there's some dependent relationship of the mind upon the body | 哲学一直否认 心灵与身体有某种依赖关系 |
| 203 | but the question remains you know to what extent what to what extent is the mind potentially | 但问题仍然是,你知道, 心灵在什么程度上可能 |
| 204 | independent of the brain and so in all these cases the inability to remember past events doesn't | 独立于大脑,所以在所有这些情况下 无法记住过去的事件 |
| 205 | necessitate the conclusion that the specific memories stored in the brain have been abolished | 有必要得出结论,脑中存储的具体记忆已被废除 |
| 206 | or that experience has been lost because an equal implication an equally valid implication | 或这种经历已经丧失,因为同样的含义是同样有效的含义 |
| 207 | could be that brain damage destroys the ability to recollect the ability to retrieve or recall | 可能是脑损伤破坏了 恢复或召回的能力 |
| 208 | past events rather than destroying the individual recollections themselves so it could be that the | 而不是破坏个人的记忆 所以可能是 |
| 209 | various amnesias are cases of retrieval problems and not storage problems so those are just two of | 各种失忆症是检索问题,而不是存储问题,所以只是其中两个。 |
| 210 | issues with the neuroscientific theories themselves and i think in general it's important to keep in | 神经科学理论本身的问题 我认为一般来说 保持进 |
| 211 | mind that today right here right now there is still no working model for how the brain stores | 记住,今天就在这里 现在仍然没有工作模式 如何储存大脑 |
| 212 | sequences or retrieves events over time but we began by saying there were three classes of | 序列或检索事件随时间推移,但我们首先说有三种类型: |
| 213 | problems first we had the conceptual problem the problems engendered by linguistic confusions and | 首先,我们有概念问题 语言混乱和 |
| 214 | the mixture between metaphor and explanation second we have problems with the actual | 隐喻和解释的混合, 其次,我们有问题 与实际 |
| 215 | neuroscientific literature itself and then we've got number three to continue watching this video | 神经科学文献本身,然后我们有 第三个继续观看这视频 |
| 216 | click the link in the top left or in the description below with a free trial you can enjoy the full talk | 点击左上方或以下描述中的链接,您可以享受全话 |
| 217 | and thousands more thank you for being part of the conversation thank you for being part of the conversation | 感谢你们参与对话 感谢你们参与对话 |
该视频共有字幕 217 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到 价格