什么工作适合你？哈佛大学心理学系教授Jordan peter
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | First of all, you need to know them for your own life, because you've got to know that there are differences in intelligence. | 首先,你需要了解他们 为了你自己的生活, 因为你必须知道, 在智力上有差异。 |
| 0:05 | It's really important. | 这很重要 |
| 0:06 | If you go into a job, and you're not smart enough for that job, you're going to have one bloody miserable time. | 如果你去工作, 而且你不够聪明的工作, 你会有一个血腥的悲惨的时间。 |
| 0:12 | And you're going to make life wretched for the people around you, because you won't be able to handle the position. | 你会让周围的人感到痛苦 因为你无法胜任这个职位 |
| 0:17 | And as you climb hierarchies of competence, the demand on fluid intelligence increases. | 而随着你攀登能力等级, 对流体智能的需求增加。 |
| 0:22 | And so, unless you want to fail, you don't put yourself in over your head. | 所以,除非你想失败, 否则你不会把自己的脑袋。 |
| 0:26 | Well, what's over your head? | 你脑子里有什么? |
| 0:27 | Well, that's a tricky thing to figure out. | 嗯,这是一件棘手的事情 找出。 |
| 0:29 | I mean, you have to figure that out with intelligence. | 我的意思是,你必须用智慧去弄清楚这一点。 |
| 0:32 | You have to figure it out with conscientiousness. | 须以自心解脱. |
展开字幕全文（147 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | First of all, you need to know them for your own life, because you've got to know that there are differences in intelligence. | 首先,你需要了解他们 为了你自己的生活, 因为你必须知道, 在智力上有差异。 |
| 2 | It's really important. | 这很重要 |
| 3 | If you go into a job, and you're not smart enough for that job, you're going to have one bloody miserable time. | 如果你去工作, 而且你不够聪明的工作, 你会有一个血腥的悲惨的时间。 |
| 4 | And you're going to make life wretched for the people around you, because you won't be able to handle the position. | 你会让周围的人感到痛苦 因为你无法胜任这个职位 |
| 5 | And as you climb hierarchies of competence, the demand on fluid intelligence increases. | 而随着你攀登能力等级, 对流体智能的需求增加。 |
| 6 | And so, unless you want to fail, you don't put yourself in over your head. | 所以,除非你想失败, 否则你不会把自己的脑袋。 |
| 7 | Well, what's over your head? | 你脑子里有什么? |
| 8 | Well, that's a tricky thing to figure out. | 嗯,这是一件棘手的事情 找出。 |
| 9 | I mean, you have to figure that out with intelligence. | 我的意思是,你必须用智慧去弄清楚这一点。 |
| 10 | You have to figure it out with conscientiousness. | 须以自心解脱. |
| 11 | You have to figure it out with creativity. | 你得用创造力去解决 |
| 12 | You have to figure it out with stress tolerance. | 你得用压力的容忍度来解脱 |
| 13 | With agreeableness, because you want to go into a cooperative environment, and not a competitive one, if you're agreeable. | 同意,因为你想进入合作环境,而不是竞争环境,如果你同意的话. |
| 14 | And with neuroticism, you probably want to keep the stress level of your job relatively low. | 神经病,你可能想 保持你工作的压力水平相对较低。 |
| 15 | Because those are all places that you can break down. | 因为这些地方都是你可以破解的 |
| 16 | And most people have at least one significant weakness in their intelligence personality makeup. | 而大多数人的智能人格化妆至少有一个显著弱点. |
| 17 | And you've got to be careful not to place yourself in a position | 而且你必须小心 不要把自己置于一个位置 |
| 18 | where that's going to be a fatal flaw. | 那会是个致命的缺陷 |
| 19 | But what you really want to do, as far as I can tell, if you want to maximize your chances for both success | 但据我所知,你真正想做的事 如果你想尽可能增加你成功的机会 |
| 20 | and, let's say, well-being, is you want to find a strata of occupation | 比如说,你想要找到一个职业阶层吗? |
| 21 | in which you would have an intelligence that would put you in the upper quartile. | 在其中,你会有一个情报 可以让你在上夸克。 |
| 22 | That's perfect. | 这是完美的。 |
| 23 | Then you're a big fish in a small pond. | 后为小塘中大鱼. |
| 24 | And you don't want to be the stupidest guy in the room. | 你不想成为这房间里最蠢的家伙 |
| 25 | It's a bloody rough place to be. | 这是一个血腥的粗糙的地方。 |
| 26 | So, and you probably don't want to be the smartest guy in the room either, | 所以,你也许不想成为 房间里最聪明的人, |
| 27 | because what that probably means is you should be in a different room. | 因为那可能意味着 你应该在另一个房间。 |
| 28 | Right? | 对吧? |
| 29 | You should look at a place where, if you're right at the top, you've mastered it. | 你应该看看一个地方, 如果你是正确的顶端, 你已经掌握它。 |
| 30 | It's time to go somewhere where you're a little lower, so that you've got something to climb up for. | 宜往某处稍低处,使有攀登之物. |
| 31 | So, and I can, if you're not hyper conscientious, for example, | 所以,我可以,如果你没有 高度的良心,例如, |
| 32 | you're probably not going to want a job that you have to work 70 hours a week at, | 你可能不会想要一个工作 你必须每周工作70小时, |
| 33 | because you're just not wired up that way. | 因为你只是没有线 这样。 |
| 34 | You'd rather have some leisure, and like, more power to you. | 你宁可闲着点 给自己更多的力量 |
| 35 | If that's how you're wired up, there's nothing wrong with having some leisure. | 狦琌硂妓 wire 碞⊿ぐ或拜肈 |
| 36 | But if you're someone who can't stand sitting around doing nothing, ever, | 但是如果你是无法袖手旁观的人 |
| 37 | then maybe you can go into a job that's going to require you to work 75 hours a week. | 也许你可以去工作 这需要你每周工作75小时。 |
| 38 | And almost all jobs that are at the top of complex dominance hierarchies | 几乎所有处于 复杂统治等级之上的工作 |
| 39 | require very high intelligence and insane levels of conscientiousness. | 需要非常高的智力 和疯狂的良心。 |
| 40 | As well, generally speaking, as pretty damn high levels of stress tolerance. | 一般来说 压力承受力也很高 |
| 41 | You know, because that can knock you out too, | 你知道,因为那也会打倒你, |
| 42 | because there's going to be sharp fluctuations in your career. | 因为你的职业生涯会有剧烈波动 |
| 43 | Generally speaking, at the higher levels of a structure. | 一般来说,在一个结构的较高层次上。 |
| 44 | And you have to make very complicated decisions, often with very short time horizons. | 你必须做出非常复杂的决定, 往往时间范围很短。 |
| 45 | So you have to decide if that's what you want. | 所以,你必须决定 如果这是你想要的。 |
| 46 | Okay, so how smart do you have to be to be different things in life? | 好吧,那么你有多聪明 要成为不同的事物在生活中? |
| 47 | Well, if you have an IQ of 116 to 130, which is 85th percentile and above, | 如果你的智商是116到130, 即85%以上, |
| 48 | so it's one person in eight up to one person in 130, I believe is 85, 90, 95? | 所以八分之一到一百三十分之一 我认为是85、90、95? |
| 49 | Is it 95? | 是95吗? |
| 50 | I think it's 95. | 我认为是95。 |
| 51 | One person in eight to one person in 20. | 八人一对二十. |
| 52 | Then you can be an attorney, a research analyst, an editor, an advertising manager, | 然后你可以做律师 研究分析师 编辑 广告经理 |
| 53 | a chemist, an engineer, an executive manager, etc. | 化学家,工程师,执行经理等. |
| 54 | That's not the high end for IQ, by the way. | 顺便说一句,这不是智商的高端。 |
| 55 | You know, it can go up indefinitely, although there's fewer and fewer people as it goes up. | 你知道,它可以无限期地上升, 虽然随着它的上升,人越来越少。 |
| 56 | So, if you want to be the best at what you're doing, bar none, | 所以,如果你想成为 最好的你在做什么,没有, |
| 57 | then having an IQ of above 145 is a necessity, and maybe you're pushing 160 in some situations. | 那么,有超过145的智商是必须的, 而且也许你正在推160 在某些情况下。 |
| 58 | And maybe that's making you one person in 10,000 or even one person in 100,000. | 也许这让你每万人中就有一人 甚至十万人中就有一人 |
| 59 | And then also, to really be good at it, you probably have to be reasonably stress tolerant and also somewhat conscientious. | 而且,为了真正地擅长它, 你可能必须合理强调宽容, 也有点自觉。 |
| 60 | So, you know, people think, well, why is it that smart people are at the top of dominance hierarchies? | 那么,你知道,人们会想,为什么聪明人处于统治等级的顶端? |
| 61 | And the answer to that, in part, is because they get there first, right? | 答案是,部分地, 因为他们先到达那里,对不对? |
| 62 | I mean, everything's a race, roughly speaking. | 我的意思是,一切都是一个比赛, 粗略地说。 |
| 63 | And the faster you are, the more likely you are to be at the forefront of the pack. | 而且你越快,你就越有可能站在最前面。 |
| 64 | And intelligence, in large part, is speed. | 而智能,在很大程度上,就是速度. |
| 65 | That's not all of it is. | 亦非一切众生. |
| 66 | So, if you're moving towards something difficult rapidly, the faster people are going to get there first. | 所以,如果你正在迅速走向困难, 更快的人会先到达那里。 |
| 67 | So, IQ of 110 to 115, so that's 73rd to 85th percentile. | 所以,智商110到115, 也就是73到85个百分点。 |
| 68 | Copywriter, accountant, manager, sales manager, sales analyst, general manager, purchasing agent, registered nurse, sales account executive. | 抄写员,会计师,经理,销售经理,销售分析员,总经理,采购代理,注册护士,销售账户经理. |
| 69 | If you look at universities, the smartest people are, they're above this. | 如果你看大学, 最聪明的人, 他们高于这个。 |
| 70 | Who are the smartest people at university? | 大学里最聪明的人是谁? |
| 71 | What do you think? | 你觉得呢? |
| 72 | Mathematicians, physicists and mathematicians, right, right. | 数学家,物理学家和数学家,对,对. |
| 73 | I could tell you who's on the other end, but I won't. | 我可以告诉你谁在另一端, 但我不会。 |
| 74 | Yeah, I'd like to, though. | 是的,我想,虽然。 |
| 75 | Anyways, okay. | 总之,好吧。 |
| 76 | Going down the, now 103 to 108 is slightly above average, right, 60th to 70th percentile. | 现在103到108的下降 略高于平均水平,对吗,60到70个百分点。 |
| 77 | Store manager, bookkeeper, credit clerk, lab tester, general sales, telephone sales, accounting clerk, computer operator, customer service rep, technician, clerk, typist. | 仓库经理,簿记员,信贷员,化验员,一般销售,电话销售,会计员,计算机操作员,客户服务代表,技术员,办事员,打字员. |
| 78 | So, you see, at this level, people have some technical skill and some ability to deal with complex things. | 所以,你可以看到,在这个层面上,人们有一些技术技能 和处理复杂事物的能力。 |
| 79 | Okay, that's dead average. | 好吧,这是死平均。 |
| 80 | 100 is average. | 100是平均数。 |
| 81 | Dispatcher in a general office, police patrol officer, receptionist, cashier, general clerical, inside sales clerk, meter reader, printer, teller, data entry, electrical helper. | 一般办公室的调度员,警察巡逻员,接待员,出纳员,一般文书员,内部销售员,读表员,打印机,出纳员,数据录入员,电动辅助员. |
| 82 | 95th to 98, machinist, food department manager, quality control checker, security guard, unskilled labor, maintenance, arc welder, die setter, mechanic. | 95年至98年,机械师,食品部门经理,质量控制检查员,保安员,非熟练劳动力,维修员,弧焊工,定死员,技工. |
| 83 | Good IQ range for relatively qualified tradespeople. | 相对合格的商人的智商范围很好。 |
| 84 | 87 to 93, messenger, factory production worker, assembler, food service worker, nurse's aide, warehouseman, custodian, janitor, material handler, packer. | 87-93,信使,工厂生产工人,装配员,食品服务员,护士助理,仓库员,保管员,看管员,物资处理员,打包员. |
| 85 | Now, what you're seeing, what you're starting to see is that as you move down the hierarchy, the jobs get simpler. | 现在,你看到的, 你开始看到的是, 当你向下移动的等级, 工作变得更加简单。 |
| 86 | They're more likely to be assigned by other people, or they're repetitive. | 他们更有可能被别人指派,或者重复. |
| 87 | Because what IQ predicts to some degree is how rapidly you can learn something, but once you've learned it, it doesn't predict how, necessarily how well you do at it. | 因为智商在某种程度上预测的是,你能够很快地学到一些东西, 但是一旦你学会了这些东西,它就无法预测你是如何的, 一定是如何做到的。 |
| 88 | And so, the more repetitive jobs tend, people with lower IQs are more suited to more repetitive jobs. | 因此,重复性的工作越多,智商较低的人更适合重复性的工作. |
| 89 | Under 87, is there something? | 87以下,有什么吗? |
| 90 | Well, no. | 嗯,没有。 |
| 91 | Right. | 对 |
| 92 | That's a big problem. | 这是一个很大的问题。 |
| 93 | And it's something our society has not addressed at all. | 这是我们社会根本没处理过的问题。 |
| 94 | Jobs for people with IQs of less than 85 are very, very rare. | 智商小于85的人的工作非常,非常罕见. |
| 95 | So what the hell are those people supposed to do? | 那这些人该做什么? |
| 96 | It's like one, it's 15% of the population. | 如一,人口占15%. |
| 97 | What are they supposed to do? | 他们该怎么办? |
| 98 | Well, we better figure it out. | 好吧,我们最好想办法。 |
| 99 | Because one of the things that's happening, too, is that as the high IQ tech geeks get a hold of the world, the demand for cognitive power is increasing, not decreasing. | 因为正在发生的事情之一, 也是随着高智商技术怪人 掌握世界, 对认知能力的需求正在增加,而不是减少。 |
| 100 | You want to be a teller? | 你想当出纳? |
| 101 | Well, you know, those checkout machines, they're not so simple. | 那些退票机没那么简单 |
| 102 | You want to work at McDonald's? | 你想在麦当劳工作吗? |
| 103 | You think that's a simple job? | 你觉得那很简单吗? |
| 104 | You don't see robots working at McDonald's. | 你看不到机器人在麦当劳工作 |
| 105 | And the reason for that is that what McDonald's workers do is too complex for robots to do. | 其原因是麦当劳的工人所做的过于复杂,机器人无法做. |
| 106 | So, well, so this is a discussion that no one wants to have, but that's okay. | 所以,好了,所以这是一个讨论 没有人想有, 但没关系。 |
| 107 | It's still a problem, and it has to be dealt with. | 尚有问题,必须处理. |
| 108 | So the U.S. government, I think I told you this at one point already, | 因此,美国政府,我想我已经告诉你这一点, |
| 109 | it's illegal to induct anyone into the U.S. Army if they have an IQ of less than 83. | 如果美国军队的智商低于83,那么将任何人引入美国军队是非法的. |
| 110 | Right? | 对吧? |
| 111 | It's about 10% of the population. | 约占人口的10%. |
| 112 | Because the U.S. Army, and they've been doing IQ testing since IQ testing began, | 因为美国陆军, 他们一直在做智商测试 从智商测试开始, |
| 113 | because they want everybody they can possibly get into the Army, | 因为他们希望每个人都能加入军队 |
| 114 | because in peacetime, they use it as a way of moving people up the socioeconomic ladder, | 因为和平时期,他们用它来 将人们提升到社会经济阶梯, |
| 115 | and in wartime, well, obviously, you need as many soldiers as you can get your hands on. | 在战时,显然, 你需要尽可能多的士兵,你可以得到你的手。 |
| 116 | And so you're not going to be any pickier than you have to be. | 所以,你不会 成为任何选择 比你必须。 |
| 117 | So when the U.S. Army says it's illegal to induct anybody into the Armed Forces | 所以当美军说把任何人引入武装部队是非法的 |
| 118 | if they have an IQ of less than 83, then you know that they've done it for absolute necessity. | 如果他们的智商不到83, 那么你知道,他们这样做是绝对必要的。 |
| 119 | Right? | 对吧? |
| 120 | And when people have made a finding that contradicts what they want to hear, | 当人们发现自己所想听到的事物的时候, |
| 121 | and they're doing it out of absolute necessity, you can be reasonably true | 他们这样做是出于绝对必要, 你可以合理真实 |
| 122 | that it's one of those facts that just won't bloody well go away. | 这是其中的一个事实 只是不会血淋淋地消失。 |
| 123 | And so you might think, well, if there's nothing for someone with an IQ of less than 83 to do in the Army, | 你可能会想,如果一个智商低于83的人 在军队里没有工作 |
| 124 | what makes you think that there's something that they can do in the general population? | 你凭什么认为他们能做点什么? |
| 125 | And then the issue is, you know, because the conservatives will say, | 然后问题是,你知道, 因为保守派会说, |
| 126 | well, they should just work harder. | 他们应该更努力工作 |
| 127 | It's like, sorry, that ain't going to fly. | 这就像,对不起, 这是不会飞。 |
| 128 | And the liberals will say, well, there's no difference between people anyhow. | 自由主义者会说,不管怎样,人与人之间没有区别。 |
| 129 | And you can just train people to do everything, and that's wrong. | 你可以训练别人做任何事,这是错误的。 |
| 130 | So they're both wrong, and they're seriously wrong. | 所以两者都错了,而且都严重错了. |
| 131 | And the fact that neither side of the political perspective will take a good, cold, hard look at this problem | 政治观点的两边 都不会对问题采取一个好的,冷酷的,认真的审视 |
| 132 | means that we're going to increasingly have a structural problem in our societies, | 意味着我们社会的结构性问题越来越严重 |
| 133 | because we're complexifying everything so rapidly that you can't find employment | 因为我们把一切都复杂化了 让你找不到工作 |
| 134 | increasingly unless you're intelligent. | 越多越聪明 |
| 135 | You guys are really going to face this, you know. | 你们真的要面对这个,你知道的。 |
| 136 | Lawyers are disappearing like mad. | 律师们像疯了一样消失 |
| 137 | And the reason for that is, you can look it up online. | 原因就是 你可以在网上查一下 |
| 138 | Increasingly, you can do things yourself if you're smart. | 如果你聪明,你可以自己做很多事 |
| 139 | And so, like the working class people have been wiped out pretty nicely over the last 30 years by automation | 所以,就像工人阶级 在过去的30年里 被自动化消灭了一样 |
| 140 | and various other things. | 还有其他的 |
| 141 | It's the low end of the white-collar class that's coming up next. | 接下来是白领班的低端 |
| 142 | So I'm not saying that lawyers are in the low end, | 所以我不是说律师处于低端 |
| 143 | but low-end lawyers are in the low end of the white-collar class. | 但低端律师处于白领阶层的低端. |
| 144 | So there's still going to be plenty of positions for people who are creative and fast on their feet, | 所以对于创造力和脚步迅速的人来说, 仍然会有很多的职位, |
| 145 | and super smart. | 和超级聪明。 |
| 146 | In fact, those people are going to have all the money. | 事实上,那些人会得到所有的钱。 |
| 147 | And that's already happening to a great degree. | 这已经发生了很大程度。 |
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