Ellie Anderson：阅读哲学的技巧

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P1 · Ellie Anderson：阅读哲学的技巧 p01 上 (P1)

Ellie Anderson：阅读哲学的技巧 p01 上 (P1)

发布于 2026-11-09 · 时长 7:34

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	I'm Professor Ellie Anderson, and I'm here to share with you some tips for reading philosophy,	我是艾莉·安德森教授 我来和你们分享一些 关于阅读哲学的提示
0:06	otherwise known as advice for reading texts that seem very boring at first, but are actually	被称作阅读文本的建议 起初看起来很无聊 但实际上
0:10	amazing and very much worth your time.	令人惊讶,非常值得你的时间。
0:12	If you spent any time trying to read philosophy, you may have found that much of it is very,	如果你花任何时间试图阅读哲学, 你可能已经发现它的大部分是非常,
0:17	very hard, like way harder than most things you've ever read in your entire life.	就像你一生读过的东西一样
0:24	How could you possibly comprehend what's going on?	你怎么可能理解 发生了什么事?
0:28	Here's one of just many possible examples, opening to a random page of Hegel's Phenomenology	以下是许多可能的例子之一, 打开一个随机的页 黑格尔的外观学
0:33	of Spirit.	灵性
0:34	Sensuous singularity, therefore, does indeed vanish in the dialectical movement of immediate	因此,敏锐的奇异性确实在即时的辩证运动中消失了。
0:38	certainty and becomes universality, but it becomes only sensuous universality.	确定性并成为普遍性,但它只是意义深远的普遍性。

展开字幕全文（117 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	I'm Professor Ellie Anderson, and I'm here to share with you some tips for reading philosophy,	我是艾莉·安德森教授 我来和你们分享一些 关于阅读哲学的提示
2	otherwise known as advice for reading texts that seem very boring at first, but are actually	被称作阅读文本的建议 起初看起来很无聊 但实际上
3	amazing and very much worth your time.	令人惊讶,非常值得你的时间。
4	If you spent any time trying to read philosophy, you may have found that much of it is very,	如果你花任何时间试图阅读哲学, 你可能已经发现它的大部分是非常,
5	very hard, like way harder than most things you've ever read in your entire life.	就像你一生读过的东西一样
6	How could you possibly comprehend what's going on?	你怎么可能理解 发生了什么事?
7	Here's one of just many possible examples, opening to a random page of Hegel's Phenomenology	以下是许多可能的例子之一, 打开一个随机的页 黑格尔的外观学
8	of Spirit.	灵性
9	Sensuous singularity, therefore, does indeed vanish in the dialectical movement of immediate	因此,敏锐的奇异性确实在即时的辩证运动中消失了。
10	certainty and becomes universality, but it becomes only sensuous universality.	确定性并成为普遍性,但它只是意义深远的普遍性。
11	Or let's open to a random page of Deleuze and Gautiery's A Thousand Plateaus.	或者让我们打开一个随机的网页 德莱乌兹和高蒂埃利的一千高原。
12	Since every articulation is double, there is not an articulation of content and an articulation	由于每次表达都是双重的,所以没有表达内容和表达
13	of an expression.	一个表达。
14	The articulation of content is double in its own right and constitutes a relative expression	内容的表达本身是双重的,构成相对表达
15	within content.	在内容中。
16	The articulation of expression is also double and constitutes a relative content within	表达方式也具有双重性,构成内部的相对内容。
17	expression.	表达式。
18	So, how do we make sense of these?	那么,我们如何理解这些?
19	Now the best way to do this is to learn from other people, right?	现在最好的方法是 向其他人学习,对不对?
20	Learn from somebody who has expertise in this area.	从这个领域有专长的人那里学习。
21	My YouTube lectures are all well and good, as are those of many others, but it's sometimes	我的YouTube讲座都很好,还有很多其他讲座,但有时候
22	hard to separate what's legit from what's not legit.	很难区分什么是合法的和什么是不合法的。
23	There's a lot of not legit stuff out there.	外面有很多不合法的东西
24	So if you can enroll in some sort of course taught by somebody with expertise in this	所以,如果你能注册 某种课程 由有专长的人教授
25	area, I would highly recommend doing so.	我强烈建议这样做。
26	You can also develop at least some sort of reading group, perhaps, with other people	你至少可以和别人一起发展某种阅读组
27	online.	在线。
28	I also recommend working with online resources that are vetted by the profession.	我亦建议透过网络资源,
29	Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy are the	斯坦福哲学百科全书和互联网哲学百科全书是
30	two primary open access encyclopedias of philosophy that are available online.	两个主要开放访问 哲学百科全书,可以在线查阅。
31	Please use them rather than Wikipedia, although there's also a lot of good stuff on Wikipedia	请不要用维基百科,虽然维基百科上也有不少好东西
32	too.	也一样。
33	It's just not peer reviewed and peer review is important.	只是没有同行评审,同行评审很重要.
34	Now let's get to some specific tips for what to do once you open the book and are trying	现在,让我们得到一些 具体的提示如何做 当你打开的书 并尝试
35	to figure out how to understand it.	想办法理解它。
36	Now one of the tips that I suggest to my students is what I call the skim and slog.	现在,我向学生们建议的一个提示 就是,我所说的滑雪和口水。
37	The skim and slog involves first skimming a portion of a text.	缩写和缩写包括首先略去文字的一部分。
38	Maybe it's a paragraph, maybe it's a couple of pages, maybe it's even an entire chapter,	也许是一段 可能是几页 甚至整个章节
39	and then going back and really closely reading it.	然后回去仔细阅读
40	I sometimes find that this can be more helpful than just slogging through the text from the	我有时会发现,这比仅仅通过文字的搜索更有用。
41	beginning, trying to understand every single sentence, taking forever to do so, because	开始,试图理解每一个句子, 永远这样做,因为
42	it'll help give you a little bit of the shape of where the argument is going even if you	它会帮助你一点点的形状 辩论将去的地方,即使你
43	don't understand the argument itself while you're reading it.	在你读的时候,不要理解争论本身.
44	This is especially helpful with philosophical texts that are in the continental tradition	这对大陆传统哲学著作特别有帮助
45	where there's not often a clear definition of a term that's given from the outset.	从一开始,这个词的定义往往不明确。
46	You gather the definition of the term over time through the author's repeated use of	通过作者反复使用
47	it.	这个
48	You get a sense of the shape of what the author is meaning by a particular term.	你得到一种感觉 作者的形状是什么 由特定的术语。
49	So sometimes you can just kind of skim it at first and then go back through it in greater	所以有时你可以只是 那种滑动它一开始, 然后回到它更大
50	detail.	细节。
51	Most philosophical writings are not exactly page turners, so don't worry about the skim	大多数哲学著作并不完全翻页,所以不用担心滑稽
52	and slog giving you spoilers for what's to come, right?	和slog给你的破坏者 未来,对不对?
53	Nobody ever gave a spoiler alert for the critique of pure reason.	从来没有人给破坏者警告 批评纯理性。
54	Instead, it can be helpful to know where an author is going and then backtrack and work	相反,了解作者的去向,然后回溯和工作,可能有所帮助。
55	your way through.	你通过。
56	Don't be worried also if you don't even after slogging through it, that second step, understand	不要担心,如果你甚至没有 浏览它,第二步,明白
57	the whole text.	整个文字。
58	That's fine.	没关系
59	I've read Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit more than once, and I still don't understand	我不止一次读过黑格尔的"精神现象学" 我仍然不明白
60	everything in it.	里面的所有东西
61	I also highly recommend annotating philosophical texts as you're reading them through highlighting	我也非常建议你读到哲学文本时要注意
62	and writing marginal notes, or underlining if you prefer that to highlighting, both those	写边际笔记,或者如果你想强调,则强调,
63	equally valid.	同样有效。
64	Okay, so when you are doing that though, I actually recommend waiting until the end of	好吧,所以当你这样做,虽然, 我实际上建议等待到结束
65	a paragraph, sometimes even the end of a page or section.	一段,有时甚至一页或一节的结尾。
66	If you're anything like me, you might, as you're reading a philosophical text, be tempted	如果你像我一样 你可能会在读哲学文本时 被诱惑
67	to underline, highlight, and or write marginal notes on just about everything, and that's	来强调、突出和或写关于一切的边缘笔记
68	not always the best way to do it because then you just have a sea of color on your page	并不总是最好的方法做到这一点,因为你只是有一个颜色海 在你的页面
69	and it's really hard to tell what actually were the most important points versus the	很难分辨到底什么是 最重要的点与
70	less important points.	不太重要的一点。
71	In Jean-Paul Sartre's Being a Nothingness, for instance, some of the first times that	例如,在让-保罗·萨特的《无所事事》中,
72	he introduces a word are actually the least helpful and he'll offer the definition later,	他介绍一个词其实最没有帮助 他稍后会给出定义
73	so I'll wait till that definition comes more clearly later and then make an annotation.	我等下定义更清楚之后再做注释
74	That way, as I flip through my book, I have less to focus on in my annotations.	这样,当我翻翻我的书时,我的注解中就不那么集中了.
75	This also gives you a chance to take stock at the end of a given paragraph, page, or	这也使你有机会在某一段落、页或
76	section and look back and see what you think was the most important point, or the most	来看你认为什么是最重要的,或者说
77	important points.	要点。
78	In addition to that, and I know this takes a while, but I usually recommend after a reading	除此之外,我知道这需要一段时间, 但我通常建议在读完之后
79	session to take a few notes in a notebook or in an app about what you read, and that	在笔记本或应用程序中记录你读到的
80	can also really help give you a sense of the shape of the argument.	也可以真正帮助你感受一下争论的形状.
81	In addition to being helpful for knowing where the author is talking about certain things,	除了帮助了解作者在说什么
82	so if you see a keyword appear early on and you have a note on that in your app, then	所以,如果你看到一个关键词 早期出现,你有一个注释 在你的应用程序,然后
83	you can go back and text search it later when you get to a different section that uses	您可以返回到另一个使用文字的段落, 稍后再进行文字搜索
84	that.	那个
85	You're like, where was that again?	你好像又说到哪儿了?
86	How was it defined?	如何定义?
87	You can even juxtapose the different places that that keyword comes up and see how it's	你甚至可以把关键词出现的不同地方 相提并论,看看情况如何
88	being used and defined in different ways, but complementary, hopefully, if the author	以不同方式使用和界定,但希望,如果作者是补充的,
89	is being consistent, ways throughout the text.	整个案文始终如一。
90	Another recommendation for reading philosophy is to watch out for the logical moves that	阅读哲学的另一个建议是注意逻辑动作
91	are being made.	正在制作中。
92	One of philosophy's greatest assets is its emphasis on the coherence of arguments.	哲学的最大资产之一是强调论点的一致性.
93	Arguments should be coherent.	争论应该一致。
94	They should be valid and they should be sound.	它们应该有效,而且应该健全。
95	As you're reading, take note of how the author builds on one point and then moves to another.	在阅读时,注意作者如何建立在某一点之上,然后移动到另一点.
96	And you also might want to make a visual map of the list of premises that are being used.	你也许也要绘制一个 正在使用的建筑的图像图。
97	So the author says one thing, then builds on it with a second premise or makes a second	所以作者说一件事,然后用第二个前提来发展,或者做第二个
98	premise that's related, but not even necessarily building on it, and then moves to a conclusion.	前提是相关的,但 不一定建立在它之上, 然后走向一个结论。
99	Really making notes of those, I think, can be helpful.	我认为,真正记下这些可以有所帮助。
100	And also look out for potential errors or logical fallacies, which you can find lists	同时注意潜在的错误或逻辑错误, 您可以找到列表
101	of online.	在线。
102	Philosophers are not perfect.	哲学家并不完美。
103	We definitely make mistakes.	我们绝对会犯错
104	And if you do find an error, then reflect on how much or how little of the argument	如果你确实发现一个错误, 然后思考 多少或多少争论
105	this bears on.	继续前进
106	Does this error that you found in the argument actually undermine the author's whole claim	您在争论中发现的这个错误是否实际上破坏了提交人的整个诉求?
107	in a given section or a given text?	在某个章节中还是某个文本中?
108	Or is it somewhat minor, undermining a certain point but not really becoming an issue for	或者说,这有点小, 破坏某一点,但实际上不是一个问题
109	other aspects of the argument?	论点的其他方面?
110	This really aids critical thinking and forces you to find the parts of the argument that	这真的帮助了批判性的思考 并迫使你找到 论点的部分
111	are doing the heavy lifting.	正在做举重。
112	Alright, let's think about attention.	好吧,让我们考虑注意。
113	It's very common when people are reading philosophy, even seasoned readers of philosophy,	当人们在阅读哲学, 甚至是哲学的老练读者时, 这是很常见的,
114	to have the urge periodically to stop reading.	要求定期停止阅读。
115	Maybe you want to check your phone, maybe you actually hear a ding on your phone, or	也许你想检查你的手机, 也许你真的听到一个叮当在你的手机,
116	you want to get up and do something else and then come back to it.	你想起来做别的事 然后回来
117	You're just kind of bored or impatient.	你只是有点无聊或不耐烦

该视频共有字幕 117 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到 价格

P2 · Ellie Anderson：阅读哲学的技巧 p02 下 (P2)

Ellie Anderson：阅读哲学的技巧 p02 下 (P2)

发布于 2026-11-09 · 时长 6:29

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	It's very common when people are reading philosophy, even seasoned readers of philosophy,	当人们在阅读哲学, 甚至是哲学的老练读者时, 这是很常见的,
0:05	to have the urge periodically to stop reading.	要求定期停止阅读。
0:08	Maybe you want to check your phone, maybe you	也许你想检查你的手机,也许你
0:10	actually hear a ding on your phone, or you want to get up and do something else and then come back	其实听到你手机上的叮当声 或者你想站起来做别的事 然后回来
0:15	to it.	对它。
0:15	You're just kind of bored or impatient.	你只是有点无聊或不耐烦
0:18	That's okay.	没关系
0:19	That urge is okay.	冲动是好的。
0:22	I encourage you	我鼓励你
0:24	resist the urge.	抵制冲动。

展开字幕全文（116 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	It's very common when people are reading philosophy, even seasoned readers of philosophy,	当人们在阅读哲学, 甚至是哲学的老练读者时, 这是很常见的,
2	to have the urge periodically to stop reading.	要求定期停止阅读。
3	Maybe you want to check your phone, maybe you	也许你想检查你的手机,也许你
4	actually hear a ding on your phone, or you want to get up and do something else and then come back	其实听到你手机上的叮当声 或者你想站起来做别的事 然后回来
5	to it.	对它。
6	You're just kind of bored or impatient.	你只是有点无聊或不耐烦
7	That's okay.	没关系
8	That urge is okay.	冲动是好的。
9	I encourage you	我鼓励你
10	resist the urge.	抵制冲动。
11	Resist it the first time, resist it the second time.	第一次抵制,第二次抵制.
12	Maybe resist it	也许能抗拒它
13	the third time, but I'll leave that to you.	第三次,但我会留给你。
14	Definitely resist it the first two times.	绝对是头两次抗拒
15	Notice it and have a mindful moment of saying, hey, I'm experiencing some resistance to this	注意一点 注意一点说 我遇到一些阻力
16	text right now.	现在发短信。
17	I feel like I'm not really getting it, or I'm bored, or I'm impatient.	我感到自己没有真正得到它,或者感到无聊,或者感到不耐烦.
18	Just make a mental note of that and then continue reading.	记下这个 然后继续读
19	Resisting this urge builds up your	抗拒这种冲动会增强你的能力
20	stamina and allows you to get more deeply into the text.	忍耐力并允许您深入文字。
21	There have been studies of marathon	有马拉松的研究
22	runners that show that the body sends signals to the brain saying, I'm done, well before the body	显示身体向大脑发出信号的跑者 说,我完成了,在身体之前
23	has actually run out of energy.	能量已经耗尽
24	We have kind of a hair trigger for challenging tasks, especially in	我们有一个发型触发器 挑战性的任务,特别是
25	this day and age when our attention is often so frenetically oriented in different directions.	我们的注意力常常是 以不同方向为方向的
26	Marathon runners learn to ignore this inner voice of I'm done before the body is actually done and	马拉松跑者学会了忽略我内心的声音 在身体真正完成之前
27	develop a different sort of intuition when their body is actually running out of energy when it	当他们的身体实际上耗尽能量时, 就会形成另一种直觉
28	would be dangerous to continue running.	继续跑会很危险
29	I think you can do the same with philosophical reading.	我想你也可以用哲学来读
30	You can develop stamina.	你可以培养体力
31	You can learn to ignore that inner voice of I'm done and then that will	你可以学会忽略我内心的声音,然后会
32	enable a different kind of intuition to kick in, which is intuition of no, no, no, I'm actually	使另一种直觉可以启动, 这是一种直觉,不,不,不,我其实
33	done now.	现在完成。
34	I'm not going to get anywhere.	我不会得到任何好处。
35	I'm not in the right head space to understand this	我无法理解
36	piece of material at the moment.	目前是一块材料
37	So try powering through the first and second urges to stop reading	因此,尝试通过动力 通过第一和第二 敦促停止阅读
38	and then see where that gets you.	然后看看这让你得到什么。
39	Okay.	摆
40	Also, don't check your phone.	还有,不要检查你的手机。
41	Seriously, don't check	说真的,不要检查
42	your phone.	你的电话
43	This is hard for a lot of us, but we tend to think that a quick break to just respond	这对我们很多人来说是很难的, 但我们往往认为 短暂的休息只是回应
44	to a text or check Google for something won't have any effect on our concentration, but studies show	到一个文本或检查谷歌的东西 不会对我们的集中有任何影响, 但研究显示
45	that they have way bigger differences than we realize.	他们有更大的差异 比我们意识到。
46	Even very short breaks greatly diminish	即使很短的休息时间也大大缩短
47	our concentration.	我们的注意力。
48	I'd suggest leaving your phone potentially an audible level or putting it on do	我建议你把手机放低一点 或者放高一点
49	not disturb, but keeping it out of reach or putting it on silent and stowing it all together for a	不打扰,但保持它 接触或把它放在静默 并把它一起为一个
50	period of at least 25 minutes.	期限至少25分钟。
51	I think 25 minutes is a good goal to set when you're first starting	我觉得25分钟是第一个开始的时候 设置的好目标
52	out reading philosophy.	阅读哲学。
53	And this kind of rewiring is not fun at first, but it's crucial.	而这种复线最初并不好玩,但至关重要.
54	The next thing I'm going to suggest might initially seem at odds with what I've just been saying,	我接下来的建议 可能与我刚刚说的话不一致
55	but I don't think is at all.	但我不认为是。
56	And this is to read the text in more than one sitting.	这是用一个以上的座位来阅读文本。
57	Like I said,	就像我说的,
58	I think a period of 25 minutes can be a good general rule for people who are first starting	我觉得25分钟的时间 对于第一个开始的人来说 是个很好的通则
59	to read philosophy.	阅读哲学。
60	And then maybe you can build up to a couple of hours over time.	然后,也许你可以 累积到几个小时的时间。
61	But I think	但我觉得
62	you know, it can be good to do even an essay in multiple reading sessions,	你知道,它可以是很好的 即使做一篇散文 在多次阅读会话,
63	depending on the length and the level of difficulty.	取决于长度和难度。
64	I sometimes find it helpful to	我有时会觉得有帮助
65	have a short first session where I skim the text and then read the first few pages.	有个简短的第一课,我先略去文字,然后阅读前几页。
66	Then I take	那我来
67	a break and then I can come back to it later to read more thoroughly and take notes on it.	休息一下,然后我就可以回来 以后读得更透彻 并做笔记。
68	And	还有
69	again, this depends a lot on the length of the text, right?	这又取决于文本的长度 对吧?
70	What I just said might apply more to	我刚才说的也许更适用于
71	an essay.	一篇论文
72	And if you're reading one of these two texts or something like it, it might take you	如果你读了这两条短信中的一条 或类似的东西,它可能要你
73	a year and that's fine.	一年就够了
74	Another note is learn to swim.	另一个音符是学会游泳。
75	I remember when I was first reading Kant	我记得我第一次读康德的时候
76	and finding it impossible to understand that somebody suggested to me that once you actually	并发现无法理解 有人向我暗示 一旦你实际上
77	figure out the basic rhythms of Kant's movements in the arguments, he's really easy to read.	找出康德在争论中运动的基本节奏,他真的很容易阅读.
78	He's actually kind of repetitive and he's pretty consistent.	他实际上有点重复 而且他相当一致。
79	That's pretty consistent.	这是相当一致的。
80	He's	琌
81	unusually consistent, maybe not entirely consistent all the time, but he's a very	异乎寻常的一致,也许不完全一致,但他是一个非常
82	consistent thinker.	持之以恒的思考者。
83	And that really catalyzed my sense of confidence in reading Kant.	这真的激发了我对读康德语的信心。
84	What I found	我找到的东西
85	was that I was learning to swim in the waters of Kant's prose.	我在康德的传言中学习游泳
86	And different thinkers have	不同的思想家们
87	different waters, right?	不同的水域,对不对?
88	Some might be really hardcore waves off the coast of Portugal that	有些可能是葡萄牙海岸的硬核海浪
89	you need to learn to stay afloat in.	你得学着呆在这
90	Others might be more of a peaceful, lazy river.	其他人可能更像是一条和平的懒河。
91	That would be	这将是
92	perhaps Heraclitus.	也许赫拉克利特斯。
93	Not a lazy river, but at least not peaceful either actually, but a river.	虽然不是懒惰的河流,但至少实际上也不是和平的,而是一条河流.
94	Heraclitus is a river, a rushing, rushing river.	赫拉克利特斯是一条河流,是一条急流的河流.
95	Maybe Rousseau is a peaceful, lazy river.	也许卢梭是一条和平的懒河
96	In any	在任何情况下
97	what I've often found is that approaching a text this way means that some of the texts that appear	我经常发现, 接近一个文本 这样意味着一些文本 出现
98	hardest to read at first end up actually being among the easiest over time because they have	一开始最难读的 最终实际上属于最容易 随着时间的推移,因为他们有
99	a consistent pattern, a consistent flow.	一贯的规律,一贯的流量.
100	What's necessary is the patience to learn to swim,	需要的是学习游泳的耐心
101	to figure out the flow of a given philosopher's approach.	找出一个哲学家的方法。
102	Once you get used to it, you'll be	一旦你习惯了,你会
103	floating.	阎浮提.
104	I want to end just by urging you to read philosophy.	最后,我要敦促你读哲学。
105	Because as wonderful as it is	因为它是美妙的
106	有YouTube的讲座,有播客, 我联合主持 Overthink 播客,
107	accessible for non-specialists, to have different online written resources that help you make sense	非专家可以使用,可以使用不同的在线书面资源,帮助你讲道理
108	of philosophy.	哲学
109	Reading is really important if you're trying to understand the kind of thinkers	你要是想了解那些思想家的话 阅读就很重要
110	that I do lectures about.	我做讲课。
111	People like Nietzsche and Hegel and Beauvoir and Arendt.	尼采,黑格尔,博沃伊和阿伦特等人物.
112	TLDR 版本
113	of their philosophy is never going to be the whole story.	他们的哲学永远不会成为整个故事。
114	And so I hope that you can see the	所以我希望你能看见
115	online lectures and other resources as an aid in your reading, perhaps as inspiration to read	在线讲座和其他资源,作为阅读的辅助,或许是阅读的灵感
116	the thinkers, and then start the skim and slog, start swimming in the waters yourself.	思想家们,然后开始滑雪 和slog,开始游泳 在水中自己。

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