【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书
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剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书 中英字幕 | 15:42 |
| P2 | 【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书 英文字幕 | 15:42 |
| P3 | 【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书 无字幕 | 15:42 |
P1 · 【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书 p01 中英字幕 (P1)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Today we're going through some science-based, tried and tested study tips that will help you | 今天我们通过一些基于科学的 尝试和测试的学习技巧 来帮助你 |
| 0:06 | study smarter, not harder. | 学习聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 0:08 | My name is Izzy. | 我叫伊兹 |
| 0:08 | I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University | 我是剑桥大学医学系最后一年级学生 |
| 0:11 | and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all. | 我刚刚完成了我所有的剑桥医学院考试 并成功通过了所有考试。 |
| 0:16 | So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School. | 这些小费几乎就是我在剑桥医学院幸存下来的。 |
| 0:21 | There were some ups, | 发生了些事 |
| 0:21 | there were some downs, but we made it. | 发生了一些故障,但我们做到了。 |
| 0:23 | These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are | 这些小费和小把戏是适用的 不管你是 |
| 0:26 | studying medicine or studying another course or even learning a language or something else like | 学习医学或学习其他课程,甚至学习某种语言或其他诸如 |
展开字幕全文（254 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today we're going through some science-based, tried and tested study tips that will help you | 今天我们通过一些基于科学的 尝试和测试的学习技巧 来帮助你 |
| 2 | study smarter, not harder. | 学习聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 3 | My name is Izzy. | 我叫伊兹 |
| 4 | I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University | 我是剑桥大学医学系最后一年级学生 |
| 5 | and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all. | 我刚刚完成了我所有的剑桥医学院考试 并成功通过了所有考试。 |
| 6 | So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School. | 这些小费几乎就是我在剑桥医学院幸存下来的。 |
| 7 | There were some ups, | 发生了些事 |
| 8 | there were some downs, but we made it. | 发生了一些故障,但我们做到了。 |
| 9 | These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are | 这些小费和小把戏是适用的 不管你是 |
| 10 | studying medicine or studying another course or even learning a language or something else like | 学习医学或学习其他课程,甚至学习某种语言或其他诸如 |
| 11 | that. | 那个 |
| 12 | So I study Mandarin in my free time and these tips are very applicable to that as well. | 所以我在闲暇时间学习普通话 这些小费也非常适用于这个 |
| 13 | So without further ado, let's get into the video. | 因此,没有进一步的ado,让我们进入视频。 |
| 14 | So firstly, why am I making this video? | 首先,我为什么要拍这个视频? |
| 15 | Learning | 学习 |
| 16 | how to learn is actually so important and it literally supercharges all of the rest of your | 如何学习 其实如此重要 它字面上超额充电 所有剩下的你 |
| 17 | time that you spend studying. | 学习的时间。 |
| 18 | It essentially acts as a productivity multiplier on all of your life | 基本上,它是 生产力倍增在你的一生 |
| 19 | and yet we're never really taught how to learn while we're at school but it's just sort of assumed | 但是我们在学校的时候 从来没有真正教过如何学习 但这只是一种假设 |
| 20 | that we'll kind of figure it out along the way. | 我们会在路上找到答案 |
| 21 | I personally spent years focusing on study | 我个人花了几年时间 专注于学习 |
| 22 | techniques that have actually been shown by psychological studies to be relatively inefficient | 心理研究实际表明相对效率低下的技术 |
| 23 | for the ultimate goal of understanding and memorization such as taking notes, | 为了解和记忆的最终目标,例如记笔记, |
| 24 | rereading or highlighting, especially rereading and highlighting. | 重读或突出,特别是重读和突出. |
| 25 | I absolutely loved doing those. | 我绝对喜欢这样做。 |
| 26 | So I'll go through the nine study techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School. | 所以我要通过九种学习技巧, 通过剑桥医学院。 |
| 27 | I'll firstly explain them and then I'll go through some practical tips and examples of | 我首先解释一下,然后谈谈一些实用的提示和例子 |
| 28 | that you can integrate them into your own studying. | 让他们融入你自己的学习 |
| 29 | The first thing I would say is to start with eat | 我要说的第一件事是先吃东西 |
| 30 | the frog. | 那个青蛙 |
| 31 | This is actually the title of a productivity book by Brian Tracy and is actually | 这其实是Brian Tracy写的一本生产力书的题目 实际上是 |
| 32 | inspired by a quote from Mark Twain which goes like this. | 由马克·吐温的引言启发 是这样的 |
| 33 | If it's your job to eat a frog it's | 如果你的工作是吃青蛙的话 |
| 34 | best to do it first thing in the morning and if it's your job to eat two frogs it's best to eat | 最好明天一早做,如果你的工作是吃两只青蛙,那最好吃 |
| 35 | the biggest one first and this is essentially telling us to focus on the difficult things first. | 首先,最大的一个,这基本上是告诉我们,首先要集中注意困难的事情。 |
| 36 | You don't need to waste time repeating the stuff that you already know or that you're already | 你不需要浪费时间 重复你已经知道或已经知道的东西 |
| 37 | comfortable with. | 感觉很舒服 |
| 38 | Instead focus on the most challenging topics or the most challenging tasks | 相反,侧重于最具挑战性的专题或最具挑战性的任务 |
| 39 | that you have to do in a day or things that you have to study in a day. | 在一天里你必须做的 或者在一天里你必须学习的事情。 |
| 40 | A question that I find | 我发现一个问题 |
| 41 | really helpful to ask myself when revising for an exam is if the exam were tomorrow what topic would | 在考试修订时问我自己 是否明天就要考试了 |
| 42 | I feel the least happy about coming up in the exam? | 我对参加考试最不高兴了? |
| 43 | This often is quite revealing and I'll often try | 这经常是相当 揭示,我会经常尝试 |
| 44 | to avoid doing topics that I don't like or that I find unpleasant but often those are the topics | 避免做我不喜欢的话题 或感到不愉快的话题 但这些通常是话题 |
| 45 | that I actually really need to do and are actually my weak points. | 我其实真的需要做 实际上是我的弱点。 |
| 46 | This also ties in with the Pareto | 这也与帕雷托家族有关 |
| 47 | Principle which is also known as the 80-20 rule which essentially states that 80% of our results | 原则也被称为80-20规则,它基本上规定我们80%的结果 |
| 48 | will generally come from approximately 20% of the topics or the inputs that we actually make. | 通常来自大约20%的主题 或我们实际提供的投入。 |
| 49 | By | 以 |
| 50 | focusing on the most important and core topics first and moving out from there we can help to | 首先侧重最重要和核心议题,然后从那里出发,我们可以帮助 |
| 51 | prioritise what we're actually studying and what we're focusing on. | 确定我们实际研究的重点 以及我们关注的重点 |
| 52 | This applies to both studying | 这适用于学习双方 |
| 53 | medicine and also studying languages so for medicine focusing on the core topics and eliminating | 医学和学习医学语言,侧重于核心主题和消除 |
| 54 | the ones that you find the most difficult first and then moving outwards from there and then for | 那些你发现最困难的 然后从那里向外移动 然后为了 |
| 55 | language learning focusing on the core very commonly used words and focusing on the difficult ones you | 语言学习 专注于核心 常用词 并专注于困难的词 |
| 56 | find there eliminating them and then gradually broadening that circle and including more and | 然后逐渐扩大这个圈子 包括更多 |
| 57 | more vocabulary more and more topics. | 越来越多的词汇 越来越多的话题。 |
| 58 | So this combination of eating the frog and doing the | 所以,吃青蛙和做... |
| 59 | difficult things and also focusing on the important core topics really helps us to make good decisions | 困难的事物,以及关注重要的核心议题,确实有助于我们做出好的决定 |
| 60 | when it comes to prioritising what we're going to be studying on a given day. | 当它涉及到优先 我们将要学习 在某一天。 |
| 61 | The second study | 第二项研究 |
| 62 | technique that has saved me in medical school is the pomodoro technique which you may have heard of | 在医学院救过我的技法是 你可能听说过的波摩多罗技法 |
| 63 | before which involves 25 minutes of work time and intensive study followed by five minutes of a break | 在这之前,需要25分钟的工作时间和密集学习,然后是5分钟的休息时间。 |
| 64 | and this is repeated. | 再说一遍 |
| 65 | I find this really helpful because as per Parkinson's law where work expands | 我觉得这真的有用 因为根据帕金森的法律 工作会扩大 |
| 66 | to fill the time allocated to its completion studying also does the same and by time boxing | 完成研究所分配的时间也是一样,通过时间打拳 |
| 67 | our studying to fixed windows of intense studying followed by a break this means that we can set | 我们的学习到固定的窗户 激烈的研究 之后的突破 这意味着我们可以设置 |
| 68 | a mini study goal for that duration of time and work in these short bursts. | 在此期间的小型学习目标,并在短短的时间内工作。 |
| 69 | An article by MIT | 麻省理工学院的一篇文章 |
| 70 | recommends working in hour-long blocks as the most effective with 50 minutes of study time followed | 建议在长达一小时的街区内工作,作为最有效的,在学习时间之后50分钟。 |
| 71 | by 10 minutes break and repeated however honestly I would say that in my personal experience and the | 休息10分钟,再说一遍,但老实说... ...我想说,根据我个人的经验... |
| 72 | experience of many other colleagues at Cambridge the optimal intervals will vary a lot between | 剑桥其他许多同事的经验 最佳间隔将有很大差异 |
| 73 | people and also actually between topics as well so for me if it's a topic that I really enjoy or | 而且实际上在话题之间 对我来说,如果这是一个话题 我真正喜欢或 |
| 74 | something that I find quite fun I often can study for a longer duration before needing a break | 我经常在需要休息前学习一段时间 |
| 75 | so I can set it to maybe the 50 minutes followed by a 10 minute break but if it's something that | 所以,我可以设置它 也许50分钟 之后10分钟休息,但如果它是什么 |
| 76 | I find really quite unpleasant to study or I keep avoiding or I find it very mentally taxing then | 我觉得学习很不愉快 或者我一直回避 或者我发现它很精神上征税 |
| 77 | setting a shorter duration and doing a short burst of intense work often works better for me. | 规定更短的时间 并做一个短暂的 紧张的工作 常常对我更好。 |
| 78 | Play | 播放 |
| 79 | around with it try out different time intervals and see if this works for you. | 试试不同的时间间隔 看看这是否适合你 |
| 80 | The next tip is | 下一个提示是 |
| 81 | to aim for understanding first and then memorization so often throughout medical | 以了解为目的, |
| 82 | school and even when learning Mandarin you could either take two routes you could either wrote | 即使你学普通话 也可以走两条路 你可以写 |
| 83 | memorize everything and just have all these random facts kind of floating around in your head or you | 记住一切,只要这些随机的事实 浮在你的脑海或你身上 |
| 84 | can try to go down an understanding route where you understand things from first principles | 可以尝试走一条理解的路线 在那里,你理解事物 从第一原则 |
| 85 | and then you just memorize to fill in any gaps in that understanding where there's maybe just | 然后,你只是记住填补 任何空白 在理解,也许有 |
| 86 | facts that you have to know and you can't actually go from a first principles place of understanding. | 事实,你必须知道 而且你实际上不能 从一个第一原则 理解的地方。 |
| 87 | In a way there are only two real components to good learning or good knowledge which is | 从某种意义上说,好学或好知识只有两个真正的组成部分: |
| 88 | understanding plus memorization. | 理解和记忆。 |
| 89 | The understanding is there to give us a mental model for how things | 理解是给我们一个精神模型 如何做事情 |
| 90 | generally work in that system or in that topic that we're learning about and then the memorization | 通常在那个系统中工作,或者在那个我们所了解的话题上工作 然后是回忆 |
| 91 | almost adds just the extra bits and fills in the gaps around the understanding where you can't just | 几乎只是添加了额外的位数 并填补了 围绕理解,你不能只是 |
| 92 | derive things from first principles so the next tip links into that quite well because it helps | 从第一原理中得出一些东西 所以下一个小费链接到这个 |
| 93 | promote a clear and concise understanding of any topic that you're trying to learn and it's a | 促使人们清晰而简洁地理解你试图学习的任何话题,这是一个 |
| 94 | technique known as the Feynman technique which is named after Richard Feynman a physicist who | 以物理学家理查德·费曼的名字命名 |
| 95 | famously used this technique a lot throughout his career and teaching. | 在他的职业生涯和教学中,有名的经常使用这种技巧. |
| 96 | It essentially means teaching | 基本上就是教书 |
| 97 | the topic or concept to somebody in a simple and clear way so that someone with very little basis | 以简单明确的方式向某人介绍专题或概念,以便让一个基础很少的人 |
| 98 | in that subject matter would be able to understand your explanation to them and by being able to | 在这个主题事项上,将能够理解你对他们的解释,并能够 |
| 99 | teach it to somebody else that demonstrates that you really need to have a solid understanding of | 教给别人 证明你确实需要 有扎实的理解 |
| 100 | the topic itself. | 主题本身。 |
| 101 | There are two ways that you can put this into practice firstly if you're on your | 有两种方法,你可以先把它付诸实践 如果你在你的 |
| 102 | own and you don't have anyone else with you you can just try explaining out loud as if there were | 自己人,你身边没有其他人 你可以试着大声解释 就像有 |
| 103 | another person there or like maybe you could explain to any fluffy toys that you have on your | 或许你可以解释一下 你身上的毛绒玩具 |
| 104 | bed or something like that just to actually go through the process of trying to explain it and | 床或类似的东西 只是经历一个过程 试图解释它, |
| 105 | trying to teach it. | 试图教它。 |
| 106 | Secondly if you do have friends who are studying a similar topic to you or even | 第二 如果你有朋友在研究一个和你相似的话题 |
| 107 | family members or other friends who aren't doing the topic you could try explaining to them and | 家人或其他不做话题的朋友 你可以试着向他们解释 |
| 108 | see how it goes. | 看看情况如何 |
| 109 | The next tip is to focus on practice testing which is a form of active | 下一个提示是专注于练习测试,这是一种活动形式 |
| 110 | recall. | 记得 |
| 111 | It's a common misconception among students that the best way to learn is by reading through | 学生中常见的误解是,最好的学习方式是通过阅读 |
| 112 | notes or textbooks and essentially trying to put information into our brains. | 并基本上试图将信息输入我们的大脑。 |
| 113 | However a number of | 然而,一些情况是: |
| 114 | we try to take information out of our brains by actively recalling it. | 我们试图从我们的大脑中获取信息 通过积极回顾它。 |
| 115 | When we're tested on a | 当我们在测试上 |
| 116 | fact or a topic neurochemicals that stimulate memory formation and attention are released in | 事实或激发记忆形成和注意力的主题神经化学在 |
| 117 | our brain and help us to really solidify those memories. | 我们的大脑和帮助我们 真正巩固这些记忆。 |
| 118 | So whether we get it right or wrong | 所以,无论我们得到它正确还是错误 |
| 119 | doesn't really matter because as long as you check the answer afterwards and find out what the correct | 这不重要 因为只要你事后检查答案 找出正确之处 |
| 120 | answer actually was your brain is so much more stimulated to actually want to pay attention to | 答案其实是 你的大脑被激发得更强烈 真正想要关注 |
| 121 | and file it away as a memory for future use. | 并存档为未来使用的内存。 |
| 122 | It's essentially a way of saying to your brain hey this | 这基本上是一种对你的大脑说,嘿嘿 |
| 123 | information is actually useful look we're trying to remember it why don't you remember it for next | 信息其实是有用的 看起来我们正在试着记住它 你为什么不记住它的下一个 |
| 124 | time and that helps our brains soak up all of this new content much more quickly. | 时间和帮助我们的大脑 浸出所有这些新内容 更快。 |
| 125 | Try turning your | 试着转身 |
| 126 | notes or textbooks into flashcards or taking mock tests. | 纸条或教科书填入闪存卡或进行模拟测试。 |
| 127 | For example for all of my clinical | 比如我所有的临床医生 |
| 128 | medical exams I found that one of the most effective ways for me to study was to actually | 体格检查,我发现最有效的方法之一 我学习是实际上 |
| 129 | 在名为Pass Medicine的网站上, | |
| 130 | bank which would actively test me on my knowledge and also my understanding. | 银行会用我的知识 以及我的理解来考验我 |
| 131 | I would get instant | 我就会立刻 |
| 132 | feedback as to whether I was right or wrong and then also have access to a page with more | 关于我是对还是错的反馈,然后也可以访问更多页面 |
| 133 | information so I could fill in any gaps in my knowledge or understanding afterwards. | 这样我就可以填补我的知识或理解中的任何空白。 |
| 134 | This made | 这让 |
| 135 | it almost feel like a game and I would almost try to reframe it as a game so I could stay engaged | 感觉就像一场游戏 我几乎想把它重新塑造成一场游戏 这样我才能保持接触 |
| 136 | with doing it. | 与它做到这一点。 |
| 137 | This isn't sponsored by the way that's just how I revise for my medical school | 这可不是我为医学院所做的修改 |
| 138 | exams. | 考试 |
| 139 | The next tip synergizes really well with the last tip about practice testing and active | 下一个提示与最后一个关于练习测试和活跃的提示非常合力 |
| 140 | recall. | 记得 |
| 141 | The next tip is space repetition essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve. | 下一个提示是空间重复 基本上,你如何克服遗忘曲线。 |
| 142 | In a number | 数字 |
| 143 | of studies about human memory retention researchers came up with a graph visualizing how the brain | 研究人类记忆保存的研究者们 绘制了一个图表 描绘大脑是如何直观的 |
| 144 | retains memory over time also known as the forgetting curve which looks a bit like this. | 保留记忆 随着时间的推移, 也被称为 遗忘曲线, 它看起来有点像这样。 |
| 145 | So essentially after we initially learn something we will gradually start to forget it over time | 因此,基本上,在我们开始学习一些东西后,我们就会逐渐地开始忘记它。 |
| 146 | unless we revise that piece of knowledge or that fact and then we reset the forgetting curve. | 除非我们修改那部分知识 或者那个事实 然后我们重设遗忘曲线 |
| 147 | Then | 礛 |
| 148 | after resetting this forgetting curve it takes a little bit longer before we forget it and the | 重置这个遗忘的曲线后 它需要一点时间,然后我们忘记它和 |
| 149 | curve is a little bit less steep as the information starts to enter our long-term memory instead. | 当信息开始输入我们的长期记忆时,曲线的陡度会小一点。 |
| 150 | Space repetition is essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve and to put this into practice | 空间重复基本上是你如何克服遗忘的曲线 并将其付诸实践 |
| 151 | my favorite way to do this especially for language learning is to use Anki which is a space repetition | 我特别喜欢用语言学习的方法 是使用安琪,这是重复的空间 |
| 152 | software which combines both active recall and space repetition. | 软件,既包括活性召回,也包括空间重复。 |
| 153 | I love this for learning | 我喜欢学习 |
| 154 | Mandarin vocabulary but it also works for studying anything else that you need to memorize things for. | 普通话词汇,但也有助于研究你需要记住的东西。 |
| 155 | Essentially Anki is an app which does flashcards on either your computer or your phone and the | 基本上Anki是一个应用 它在你的电脑或手机上 做闪卡 |
| 156 | software will automatically calculate when you should space your repetition of it. | 软件会自动计算您是否要间隔重复。 |
| 157 | You can also | 你也可以这样 |
| 158 | do space repetition and active recall with manual flashcards and I'll link some resources down | 用手动闪卡进行空间重复和主动召回,我会将一些资源链接到下方 |
| 159 | below explaining how you can do this but I don't personally do this myself. | 解释你怎么做到的 但我不亲自做 |
| 160 | I would really highly | 我真的会很高调 |
| 161 | recommend Anki as it automates everything for you and all you need to do is make the cards and then | 推荐安琪,因为它自动 为你的一切,你只需要做牌 然后 |
| 162 | everything just happens and you do your reviews every day and then you suddenly remember all of | 一切都发生了,你每天都在做评论 然后你突然想起 |
| 163 | these new facts. | 这些新的事实。 |
| 164 | Tip number seven is leveraging some memorization techniques to help remember | 7号提示是利用一些记忆技术来帮助记住 |
| 165 | things that are kind of tricky. | 有点棘手的事 |
| 166 | So my favorite ones for these are mnemonics. | 我最喜欢的就是仪式 |
| 167 | This is really helpful | 这真的有用 |
| 168 | for medical school because often there's long lists of causes for a certain condition or other | 医学院,因为经常有 长清单的原因 某某种情况或其他 |
| 169 | things like that where we don't want to forget any one item off it so a mnemonic helps to make | 像这样的东西,我们不想忘记 任何一件东西从它 所以一个记忆帮助 |
| 170 | sure that we can remember that. | 肯定我们能记住这一点。 |
| 171 | Another tip is doing mind maps so sometimes I would almost use | 另一个小费是做心智图 所以有时我几乎会用到 |
| 172 | mind maps as a form of active recall and draw out a mind map and try to remember all the things on | 心灵地图是一种积极召回的形式 并绘制出心灵地图 并试着记住所有的东西 |
| 173 | it and then check with the list of all the points that I actually should have got and by making it | 然后查一下我真正应该拿到的所有分数的清单 然后通过制作 |
| 174 | in a mind map format it helps our brains to visually remember where all the bits of the topic | 用心智图格式帮助我们的大脑 直观地记住这个话题的所有部分 |
| 175 | are and where all the different facts are. | 和所有不同的事实在哪里。 |
| 176 | Another memorization technique I found super helpful for | 另一个记忆技术 我发现超级有帮助 |
| 177 | learning languages in particular Mandarin is to create a personal connection to certain words or | 学习语言尤其是普通话是为了与某些单词建立个人联系或 |
| 178 | facts. | 事实 |
| 179 | Find another way that you can link it in to something that you've personally experienced. | 寻找另一种方式,你可以把它与你亲身经历的东西联系起来. |
| 180 | For example on some of my Mandarin learning Anki flashcards I'll include a photo or maybe something | 比如说,我的一些普通话学习安琪闪卡, 我会包括一张照片或什么的 |
| 181 | that reminds me of a story that's related to that piece of vocab or that sentence and that will just | 这让我想起一个故事 与那块花瓶或那句句子有关 |
| 182 | get my brain in gear and paying attention to be like oh this is actually important information | 把我的大脑装好 注意要像哦 这其实是重要的信息 |
| 183 | or oh this is actually interesting and again that stimulates our brain to release those | 或哦,这其实很有趣 并再次激励我们的大脑释放这些 |
| 184 | neurochemicals that help to support factor attention. | 神经化工 帮助支撑因素关注。 |
| 185 | Tip number eight is to make a study | 提示八是做个研究 |
| 186 | schedule including rest and also to track your progress so this is essentially to zoom out on | 包括休息在内的时间表,以及跟踪你的进展,所以这基本上是要放大 |
| 187 | all of your revision or your studying and there's a few layers to this. | 你的所有修改或学习 还有几层 |
| 188 | Firstly creating a routine | 首先创建一个常规 |
| 189 | for your studying helps your brain feel ready to learn at your usual allocated time. | 学习帮助你的大脑 准备好在正常的时间学习。 |
| 190 | This also | 还有这个 |
| 191 | helps to make sure that we don't end up studying late into the night or doing all-nighters as | 帮助确保我们不 最终学习深夜 或者做通宵 |
| 192 | actually there are some studies that show that doing an all-nighter can actually really impair | 实际上,有些研究表明 做一个通宵会真正损害 |
| 193 | your memory retention and even your rational thinking for the next few days up to four days | 你的记忆力,甚至你的理性思考 未来几天,直到四天 |
| 194 | afterwards. | 之后会的 |
| 195 | If you create a schedule you'll hopefully feel a certain pressure to study and | 如果你能创造出一个时间表... ...你可能会有某种压力去学习... ... |
| 196 | on top of things which I think is a healthy thing in moderation because in my personal experience | 最重要的是,我认为在节制中是件健康的事 因为根据我个人的经验 |
| 197 | with no pressure at all I can often feel very relaxed and very happy to procrastinate for | 完全没有压力 我常常感到非常放松 并且非常乐意拖延 |
| 198 | many weeks so by creating a schedule and realizing oh actually there's not that much time I should | 多星期了,所以通过创建时间表 和意识到哦 其实没有那么多时间 我应该 |
| 199 | probably get going that just helps to make sure that actually some things are happening and some | 也许去,只是帮助 确保一些事情正在发生 和一些 |
| 200 | things are being learned. | 东西正在学习。 |
| 201 | The final layer is that by tracking your progress you'll get a better idea | 最后一层是,通过跟踪你的进展 你会得到一个更好的想法 |
| 202 | of a how quickly it takes you to master a topic or to understand something and b also gives you | 如何快速地掌握一个话题 或理解一些东西,b也给你 |
| 203 | an idea of what you really need to focus on next for your studying so it gives you information | 了解你接下来的学习需要 专注于什么 让你知道 |
| 204 | essentially about you as a learner and also about what you need to do next. | 基本上你是一个学习者 以及你接下来需要做什么。 |
| 205 | I like to create a | 我喜欢创造 |
| 206 | sort of daily routine when I'm studying intensively where I try to wake up and go to sleep at a similar | 日复一日 当我在深思熟虑的时候 在那里我试着醒来 睡在类似的地方 |
| 207 | time and eat meals around a similar time so I did this especially when I was preparing intensively | 时间和吃饭的时间 相似的时间,所以我这样做 特别是当我 紧张准备 |
| 208 | for lots of the heavy knowledge-based exams at Cambridge. | 在剑桥举行的很多以知识为基础的考试 |
| 209 | You can also just do this with | 你也可以这么做 |
| 210 | google calendar so often I would actually make a revision timetable calendar in google calendar in | 我经常在Google日历中 做一个修改的时间表 |
| 211 | like a different color and pop that into my google calendar to schedule all my time. | 就像不同的颜色 弹入我的谷歌日历 来安排我所有的时间。 |
| 212 | I can show you | 我可以给你看 |
| 213 | in detail how I do this if you're interested and I can make a video about my schedule if that's | 详细来说,如果你有兴趣的话,我怎么做到的 我可以录下我的时间表,如果那是 |
| 214 | interesting to you guys. | 你们真有意思 |
| 215 | The final tip, tip number nine, is to keep reassessing how everything's | 最后一点,第九点,就是继续重新评估一切 |
| 216 | going. | 继续 |
| 217 | This means essentially doing an audit on a couple of things so firstly on your academics, | 这基本上意味着对一些事情进行审计 首先对你的学者, |
| 218 | how your studying's going, whether you feel like you're actually able to learn using the techniques | 你的学习进展如何,你是否觉得 你实际上能够学习 使用技术 |
| 219 | you're applying, secondly just checking in in terms of your well-being. | 你申请,第二,只是检查一下你的健康状况。 |
| 220 | This is so important | 这很重要 |
| 221 | when studying and scheduling in breaks and scheduling in time for self-care and looking | 学习和安排间歇时间,以及及时安排自我护理和寻找 |
| 222 | after yourself is literally the foundation of any studying that you want to do because if you're not | 在你身后是任何研究的基础 因为如果你不是 |
| 223 | taking care of your health and your well-being, you're not sleeping right, you're not eating | 照顾你的健康和安康,你睡不着,不吃 |
| 224 | right or exercising, then how on earth are you supposed to be effective at anything else that | 权利或锻炼, 那么,如何在地球上 你应该有效 对于其他任何 |
| 225 | you want to do? | 你想做吗? |
| 226 | So ensure that you're taking care of yourself and make sure that you're doing all | 所以要确保你照顾好自己 并确保你所做的一切 |
| 227 | right. | 对 |
| 228 | So if I had checked in with myself and thought of how I could help support my mental | 所以,如果我检查了自己 并想着如何帮助支撑我的精神 |
| 229 | and physical well-being better, I may have been able to actually enjoy life a little bit more and | 和身体健康更好, 我也许已经能够 真正享受生活一点点多, |
| 230 | enjoyed the journey rather than just struggling through and just about surviving and managing to | 而不是为了生存和驾驭 |
| 231 | After all, I've realised that it's more important to enjoy the journey than to focus purely on the | 毕竟,我意识到 享受旅程比专注于 |
| 232 | destination. | 目标。 |
| 233 | To quote Einstein, insanity is doing the same things over and over again | 引用爱因斯坦的话 精神错乱是一次又一次地做同样的事情 |
| 234 | and expecting to achieve different results. | 并期望取得不同的结果。 |
| 235 | So if you find something's not working either in terms | 所以,如果你发现的东西 不工作,无论是从 |
| 236 | of your actual studying or in terms of your well-being, then adjust something, keep trying | 然后调整一下 继续尝试 |
| 237 | different things and keep reassessing. | 不同的东西,继续重新评估。 |
| 238 | I like to reassess how things are going maybe every week or | 我喜欢每星期重新评估事情的发展 |
| 239 | but obviously this interval can be adjusted depending on how long you're studying for. | 但显然这个间隔可以根据你学习的时间来调整. |
| 240 | For learning Mandarin, for example, every single week I'd write a slightly longer journal entry | 例如,为了学习普通话,每个星期我都会写一个稍长的日记条目 |
| 241 | about how my studying was going and what I was going to focus on for the next week and how I was | 关于我的学习进展 以及接下来一周我打算专注于什么 |
| 242 | going to change things or adjust things because studying and life generally is a dynamic thing | 改变事物 或调整事物 因为研究和生活 通常是一个动态的东西 |
| 243 | and we need to respond to the needs of the moment and to the new information that we're getting | 我们需要对当前的需求 和我们得到的新信息作出反应 |
| 244 | So those are my top nine tips for studying smarter, not harder. | 这些是我的九大小费 用来学习更聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 245 | I hope this video was | 我希望这视频是 |
| 246 | entertaining or useful or helpful in some kind of way. | 有趣或有用或有帮助 |
| 247 | If you enjoyed this video you might like this | 如果你喜欢这个视频,你可能会喜欢这个 |
| 248 | one over here where I put some of these techniques into practice and show you how I do that. | 一个在这里,我把一些 这些技巧练习 并告诉你我怎么做到的。 |
| 249 | Again, | 再说一遍 |
| 250 | just remember that studying is such a personal thing and find what works for you, find what | 记住,学习是件很私人的事 找到对你有用的东西 |
| 251 | feels good for you. | 感觉很好 |
| 252 | Thank you so much for watching, take care of yourself and I will see you in the | 非常感谢你的观看, 照顾好自己,我会看到你在 |
| 253 | next video. | 下一个视频。 |
| 254 | Bye! | 再见! |
该视频共有字幕 254 条。解锁更多字幕为会员功能，请移动到 价格
P2 · 【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书 p02 英文字幕 (P2)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Today we're going through some science-based, tried and tested study tips that will help you | 今天我们通过一些基于科学的 尝试和测试的学习技巧 来帮助你 |
| 0:06 | study smarter, not harder. | 学习聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 0:08 | My name is Izzy. | 我叫伊兹 |
| 0:08 | I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University | 我是剑桥大学医学系最后一年级学生 |
| 0:11 | and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all. | 我刚刚完成了我所有的剑桥医学院考试 并成功通过了所有考试。 |
| 0:16 | So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School. | 这些小费几乎就是我在剑桥医学院幸存下来的。 |
| 0:21 | There were some ups, | 发生了些事 |
| 0:21 | there were some downs, but we made it. | 发生了一些故障,但我们做到了。 |
| 0:23 | These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are | 这些小费和小把戏是适用的 不管你是 |
| 0:26 | studying medicine or studying another course or even learning a language or something else like | 学习医学或学习其他课程,甚至学习某种语言或其他诸如 |
展开字幕全文（254 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today we're going through some science-based, tried and tested study tips that will help you | 今天我们通过一些基于科学的 尝试和测试的学习技巧 来帮助你 |
| 2 | study smarter, not harder. | 学习聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 3 | My name is Izzy. | 我叫伊兹 |
| 4 | I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University | 我是剑桥大学医学系最后一年级学生 |
| 5 | and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all. | 我刚刚完成了我所有的剑桥医学院考试 并成功通过了所有考试。 |
| 6 | So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School. | 这些小费几乎就是我在剑桥医学院幸存下来的。 |
| 7 | There were some ups, | 发生了些事 |
| 8 | there were some downs, but we made it. | 发生了一些故障,但我们做到了。 |
| 9 | These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are | 这些小费和小把戏是适用的 不管你是 |
| 10 | studying medicine or studying another course or even learning a language or something else like | 学习医学或学习其他课程,甚至学习某种语言或其他诸如 |
| 11 | that. | 那个 |
| 12 | So I study Mandarin in my free time and these tips are very applicable to that as well. | 所以我在闲暇时间学习普通话 这些小费也非常适用于这个 |
| 13 | So without further ado, let's get into the video. | 因此,没有进一步的ado,让我们进入视频。 |
| 14 | So firstly, why am I making this video? | 首先,我为什么要拍这个视频? |
| 15 | Learning | 学习 |
| 16 | how to learn is actually so important and it literally supercharges all of the rest of your | 如何学习 其实如此重要 它字面上超额充电 所有剩下的你 |
| 17 | time that you spend studying. | 学习的时间。 |
| 18 | It essentially acts as a productivity multiplier on all of your life | 基本上,它是 生产力倍增在你的一生 |
| 19 | and yet we're never really taught how to learn while we're at school but it's just sort of assumed | 但是我们在学校的时候 从来没有真正教过如何学习 但这只是一种假设 |
| 20 | that we'll kind of figure it out along the way. | 我们会在路上找到答案 |
| 21 | I personally spent years focusing on study | 我个人花了几年时间 专注于学习 |
| 22 | techniques that have actually been shown by psychological studies to be relatively inefficient | 心理研究实际表明相对效率低下的技术 |
| 23 | for the ultimate goal of understanding and memorization such as taking notes, | 为了解和记忆的最终目标,例如记笔记, |
| 24 | rereading or highlighting, especially rereading and highlighting. | 重读或突出,特别是重读和突出. |
| 25 | I absolutely loved doing those. | 我绝对喜欢这样做。 |
| 26 | So I'll go through the nine study techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School. | 所以我要通过九种学习技巧, 通过剑桥医学院。 |
| 27 | I'll firstly explain them and then I'll go through some practical tips and examples of | 我首先解释一下,然后谈谈一些实用的提示和例子 |
| 28 | that you can integrate them into your own studying. | 让他们融入你自己的学习 |
| 29 | The first thing I would say is to start with eat | 我要说的第一件事是先吃东西 |
| 30 | the frog. | 那个青蛙 |
| 31 | This is actually the title of a productivity book by Brian Tracy and is actually | 这其实是Brian Tracy写的一本生产力书的题目 实际上是 |
| 32 | inspired by a quote from Mark Twain which goes like this. | 由马克·吐温的引言启发 是这样的 |
| 33 | If it's your job to eat a frog it's | 如果你的工作是吃青蛙的话 |
| 34 | best to do it first thing in the morning and if it's your job to eat two frogs it's best to eat | 最好明天一早做,如果你的工作是吃两只青蛙,那最好吃 |
| 35 | the biggest one first and this is essentially telling us to focus on the difficult things first. | 首先,最大的一个,这基本上是告诉我们,首先要集中注意困难的事情。 |
| 36 | You don't need to waste time repeating the stuff that you already know or that you're already | 你不需要浪费时间 重复你已经知道或已经知道的东西 |
| 37 | comfortable with. | 感觉很舒服 |
| 38 | Instead focus on the most challenging topics or the most challenging tasks | 相反,侧重于最具挑战性的专题或最具挑战性的任务 |
| 39 | that you have to do in a day or things that you have to study in a day. | 在一天里你必须做的 或者在一天里你必须学习的事情。 |
| 40 | A question that I find | 我发现一个问题 |
| 41 | really helpful to ask myself when revising for an exam is if the exam were tomorrow what topic would | 在考试修订时问我自己 是否明天就要考试了 |
| 42 | I feel the least happy about coming up in the exam? | 我对参加考试最不高兴了? |
| 43 | This often is quite revealing and I'll often try | 这经常是相当 揭示,我会经常尝试 |
| 44 | to avoid doing topics that I don't like or that I find unpleasant but often those are the topics | 避免做我不喜欢的话题 或感到不愉快的话题 但这些通常是话题 |
| 45 | that I actually really need to do and are actually my weak points. | 我其实真的需要做 实际上是我的弱点。 |
| 46 | This also ties in with the Pareto | 这也与帕雷托家族有关 |
| 47 | Principle which is also known as the 80-20 rule which essentially states that 80% of our results | 原则也被称为80-20规则,它基本上规定我们80%的结果 |
| 48 | will generally come from approximately 20% of the topics or the inputs that we actually make. | 通常来自大约20%的主题 或我们实际提供的投入。 |
| 49 | By | 以 |
| 50 | focusing on the most important and core topics first and moving out from there we can help to | 首先侧重最重要和核心议题,然后从那里出发,我们可以帮助 |
| 51 | prioritise what we're actually studying and what we're focusing on. | 确定我们实际研究的重点 以及我们关注的重点 |
| 52 | This applies to both studying | 这适用于学习双方 |
| 53 | medicine and also studying languages so for medicine focusing on the core topics and eliminating | 医学和学习医学语言,侧重于核心主题和消除 |
| 54 | the ones that you find the most difficult first and then moving outwards from there and then for | 那些你发现最困难的 然后从那里向外移动 然后为了 |
| 55 | language learning focusing on the core very commonly used words and focusing on the difficult ones you | 语言学习 专注于核心 常用词 并专注于困难的词 |
| 56 | find there eliminating them and then gradually broadening that circle and including more and | 然后逐渐扩大这个圈子 包括更多 |
| 57 | more vocabulary more and more topics. | 越来越多的词汇 越来越多的话题。 |
| 58 | So this combination of eating the frog and doing the | 所以,吃青蛙和做... |
| 59 | difficult things and also focusing on the important core topics really helps us to make good decisions | 困难的事物,以及关注重要的核心议题,确实有助于我们做出好的决定 |
| 60 | when it comes to prioritising what we're going to be studying on a given day. | 当它涉及到优先 我们将要学习 在某一天。 |
| 61 | The second study | 第二项研究 |
| 62 | technique that has saved me in medical school is the pomodoro technique which you may have heard of | 在医学院救过我的技法是 你可能听说过的波摩多罗技法 |
| 63 | before which involves 25 minutes of work time and intensive study followed by five minutes of a break | 在这之前,需要25分钟的工作时间和密集学习,然后是5分钟的休息时间。 |
| 64 | and this is repeated. | 再说一遍 |
| 65 | I find this really helpful because as per Parkinson's law where work expands | 我觉得这真的有用 因为根据帕金森的法律 工作会扩大 |
| 66 | to fill the time allocated to its completion studying also does the same and by time boxing | 完成研究所分配的时间也是一样,通过时间打拳 |
| 67 | our studying to fixed windows of intense studying followed by a break this means that we can set | 我们的学习到固定的窗户 激烈的研究 之后的突破 这意味着我们可以设置 |
| 68 | a mini study goal for that duration of time and work in these short bursts. | 在此期间的小型学习目标,并在短短的时间内工作。 |
| 69 | An article by MIT | 麻省理工学院的一篇文章 |
| 70 | recommends working in hour-long blocks as the most effective with 50 minutes of study time followed | 建议在长达一小时的街区内工作,作为最有效的,在学习时间之后50分钟。 |
| 71 | by 10 minutes break and repeated however honestly I would say that in my personal experience and the | 休息10分钟,再说一遍,但老实说... ...我想说,根据我个人的经验... |
| 72 | experience of many other colleagues at Cambridge the optimal intervals will vary a lot between | 剑桥其他许多同事的经验 最佳间隔将有很大差异 |
| 73 | people and also actually between topics as well so for me if it's a topic that I really enjoy or | 而且实际上在话题之间 对我来说,如果这是一个话题 我真正喜欢或 |
| 74 | something that I find quite fun I often can study for a longer duration before needing a break | 我经常在需要休息前学习一段时间 |
| 75 | so I can set it to maybe the 50 minutes followed by a 10 minute break but if it's something that | 所以,我可以设置它 也许50分钟 之后10分钟休息,但如果它是什么 |
| 76 | I find really quite unpleasant to study or I keep avoiding or I find it very mentally taxing then | 我觉得学习很不愉快 或者我一直回避 或者我发现它很精神上征税 |
| 77 | setting a shorter duration and doing a short burst of intense work often works better for me. | 规定更短的时间 并做一个短暂的 紧张的工作 常常对我更好。 |
| 78 | Play | 播放 |
| 79 | around with it try out different time intervals and see if this works for you. | 试试不同的时间间隔 看看这是否适合你 |
| 80 | The next tip is | 下一个提示是 |
| 81 | to aim for understanding first and then memorization so often throughout medical | 以了解为目的, |
| 82 | school and even when learning Mandarin you could either take two routes you could either wrote | 即使你学普通话 也可以走两条路 你可以写 |
| 83 | memorize everything and just have all these random facts kind of floating around in your head or you | 记住一切,只要这些随机的事实 浮在你的脑海或你身上 |
| 84 | can try to go down an understanding route where you understand things from first principles | 可以尝试走一条理解的路线 在那里,你理解事物 从第一原则 |
| 85 | and then you just memorize to fill in any gaps in that understanding where there's maybe just | 然后,你只是记住填补 任何空白 在理解,也许有 |
| 86 | facts that you have to know and you can't actually go from a first principles place of understanding. | 事实,你必须知道 而且你实际上不能 从一个第一原则 理解的地方。 |
| 87 | In a way there are only two real components to good learning or good knowledge which is | 从某种意义上说,好学或好知识只有两个真正的组成部分: |
| 88 | understanding plus memorization. | 理解和记忆。 |
| 89 | The understanding is there to give us a mental model for how things | 理解是给我们一个精神模型 如何做事情 |
| 90 | generally work in that system or in that topic that we're learning about and then the memorization | 通常在那个系统中工作,或者在那个我们所了解的话题上工作 然后是回忆 |
| 91 | almost adds just the extra bits and fills in the gaps around the understanding where you can't just | 几乎只是添加了额外的位数 并填补了 围绕理解,你不能只是 |
| 92 | derive things from first principles so the next tip links into that quite well because it helps | 从第一原理中得出一些东西 所以下一个小费链接到这个 |
| 93 | promote a clear and concise understanding of any topic that you're trying to learn and it's a | 促使人们清晰而简洁地理解你试图学习的任何话题,这是一个 |
| 94 | technique known as the Feynman technique which is named after Richard Feynman a physicist who | 以物理学家理查德·费曼的名字命名 |
| 95 | famously used this technique a lot throughout his career and teaching. | 在他的职业生涯和教学中,有名的经常使用这种技巧. |
| 96 | It essentially means teaching | 基本上就是教书 |
| 97 | the topic or concept to somebody in a simple and clear way so that someone with very little basis | 以简单明确的方式向某人介绍专题或概念,以便让一个基础很少的人 |
| 98 | in that subject matter would be able to understand your explanation to them and by being able to | 在这个主题事项上,将能够理解你对他们的解释,并能够 |
| 99 | teach it to somebody else that demonstrates that you really need to have a solid understanding of | 教给别人 证明你确实需要 有扎实的理解 |
| 100 | the topic itself. | 主题本身。 |
| 101 | There are two ways that you can put this into practice firstly if you're on your | 有两种方法,你可以先把它付诸实践 如果你在你的 |
| 102 | own and you don't have anyone else with you you can just try explaining out loud as if there were | 自己人,你身边没有其他人 你可以试着大声解释 就像有 |
| 103 | another person there or like maybe you could explain to any fluffy toys that you have on your | 或许你可以解释一下 你身上的毛绒玩具 |
| 104 | bed or something like that just to actually go through the process of trying to explain it and | 床或类似的东西 只是经历一个过程 试图解释它, |
| 105 | trying to teach it. | 试图教它。 |
| 106 | Secondly if you do have friends who are studying a similar topic to you or even | 第二 如果你有朋友在研究一个和你相似的话题 |
| 107 | family members or other friends who aren't doing the topic you could try explaining to them and | 家人或其他不做话题的朋友 你可以试着向他们解释 |
| 108 | see how it goes. | 看看情况如何 |
| 109 | The next tip is to focus on practice testing which is a form of active | 下一个提示是专注于练习测试,这是一种活动形式 |
| 110 | recall. | 记得 |
| 111 | It's a common misconception among students that the best way to learn is by reading through | 学生中常见的误解是,最好的学习方式是通过阅读 |
| 112 | notes or textbooks and essentially trying to put information into our brains. | 并基本上试图将信息输入我们的大脑。 |
| 113 | However a number of | 然而,一些情况是: |
| 114 | we try to take information out of our brains by actively recalling it. | 我们试图从我们的大脑中获取信息 通过积极回顾它。 |
| 115 | When we're tested on a | 当我们在测试上 |
| 116 | fact or a topic neurochemicals that stimulate memory formation and attention are released in | 事实或激发记忆形成和注意力的主题神经化学在 |
| 117 | our brain and help us to really solidify those memories. | 我们的大脑和帮助我们 真正巩固这些记忆。 |
| 118 | So whether we get it right or wrong | 所以,无论我们得到它正确还是错误 |
| 119 | doesn't really matter because as long as you check the answer afterwards and find out what the correct | 这不重要 因为只要你事后检查答案 找出正确之处 |
| 120 | answer actually was your brain is so much more stimulated to actually want to pay attention to | 答案其实是 你的大脑被激发得更强烈 真正想要关注 |
| 121 | and file it away as a memory for future use. | 并存档为未来使用的内存。 |
| 122 | It's essentially a way of saying to your brain hey this | 这基本上是一种对你的大脑说,嘿嘿 |
| 123 | information is actually useful look we're trying to remember it why don't you remember it for next | 信息其实是有用的 看起来我们正在试着记住它 你为什么不记住它的下一个 |
| 124 | time and that helps our brains soak up all of this new content much more quickly. | 时间和帮助我们的大脑 浸出所有这些新内容 更快。 |
| 125 | Try turning your | 试着转身 |
| 126 | notes or textbooks into flashcards or taking mock tests. | 纸条或教科书填入闪存卡或进行模拟测试。 |
| 127 | For example for all of my clinical | 比如我所有的临床医生 |
| 128 | medical exams I found that one of the most effective ways for me to study was to actually | 体格检查,我发现最有效的方法之一 我学习是实际上 |
| 129 | 在名为Pass Medicine的网站上, | |
| 130 | bank which would actively test me on my knowledge and also my understanding. | 银行会用我的知识 以及我的理解来考验我 |
| 131 | I would get instant | 我就会立刻 |
| 132 | feedback as to whether I was right or wrong and then also have access to a page with more | 关于我是对还是错的反馈,然后也可以访问更多页面 |
| 133 | information so I could fill in any gaps in my knowledge or understanding afterwards. | 这样我就可以填补我的知识或理解中的任何空白。 |
| 134 | This made | 这让 |
| 135 | it almost feel like a game and I would almost try to reframe it as a game so I could stay engaged | 感觉就像一场游戏 我几乎想把它重新塑造成一场游戏 这样我才能保持接触 |
| 136 | with doing it. | 与它做到这一点。 |
| 137 | This isn't sponsored by the way that's just how I revise for my medical school | 这可不是我为医学院所做的修改 |
| 138 | exams. | 考试 |
| 139 | The next tip synergizes really well with the last tip about practice testing and active | 下一个提示与最后一个关于练习测试和活跃的提示非常合力 |
| 140 | recall. | 记得 |
| 141 | The next tip is space repetition essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve. | 下一个提示是空间重复 基本上,你如何克服遗忘曲线。 |
| 142 | In a number | 数字 |
| 143 | of studies about human memory retention researchers came up with a graph visualizing how the brain | 研究人类记忆保存的研究者们 绘制了一个图表 描绘大脑是如何直观的 |
| 144 | retains memory over time also known as the forgetting curve which looks a bit like this. | 保留记忆 随着时间的推移, 也被称为 遗忘曲线, 它看起来有点像这样。 |
| 145 | So essentially after we initially learn something we will gradually start to forget it over time | 因此,基本上,在我们开始学习一些东西后,我们就会逐渐地开始忘记它。 |
| 146 | unless we revise that piece of knowledge or that fact and then we reset the forgetting curve. | 除非我们修改那部分知识 或者那个事实 然后我们重设遗忘曲线 |
| 147 | Then | 礛 |
| 148 | after resetting this forgetting curve it takes a little bit longer before we forget it and the | 重置这个遗忘的曲线后 它需要一点时间,然后我们忘记它和 |
| 149 | curve is a little bit less steep as the information starts to enter our long-term memory instead. | 当信息开始输入我们的长期记忆时,曲线的陡度会小一点。 |
| 150 | Space repetition is essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve and to put this into practice | 空间重复基本上是你如何克服遗忘的曲线 并将其付诸实践 |
| 151 | my favorite way to do this especially for language learning is to use Anki which is a space repetition | 我特别喜欢用语言学习的方法 是使用安琪,这是重复的空间 |
| 152 | software which combines both active recall and space repetition. | 软件,既包括活性召回,也包括空间重复。 |
| 153 | I love this for learning | 我喜欢学习 |
| 154 | Mandarin vocabulary but it also works for studying anything else that you need to memorize things for. | 普通话词汇,但也有助于研究你需要记住的东西。 |
| 155 | Essentially Anki is an app which does flashcards on either your computer or your phone and the | 基本上Anki是一个应用 它在你的电脑或手机上 做闪卡 |
| 156 | software will automatically calculate when you should space your repetition of it. | 软件会自动计算您是否要间隔重复。 |
| 157 | You can also | 你也可以这样 |
| 158 | do space repetition and active recall with manual flashcards and I'll link some resources down | 用手动闪卡进行空间重复和主动召回,我会将一些资源链接到下方 |
| 159 | below explaining how you can do this but I don't personally do this myself. | 解释你怎么做到的 但我不亲自做 |
| 160 | I would really highly | 我真的会很高调 |
| 161 | recommend Anki as it automates everything for you and all you need to do is make the cards and then | 推荐安琪,因为它自动 为你的一切,你只需要做牌 然后 |
| 162 | everything just happens and you do your reviews every day and then you suddenly remember all of | 一切都发生了,你每天都在做评论 然后你突然想起 |
| 163 | these new facts. | 这些新的事实。 |
| 164 | Tip number seven is leveraging some memorization techniques to help remember | 7号提示是利用一些记忆技术来帮助记住 |
| 165 | things that are kind of tricky. | 有点棘手的事 |
| 166 | So my favorite ones for these are mnemonics. | 我最喜欢的就是仪式 |
| 167 | This is really helpful | 这真的有用 |
| 168 | for medical school because often there's long lists of causes for a certain condition or other | 医学院,因为经常有 长清单的原因 某某种情况或其他 |
| 169 | things like that where we don't want to forget any one item off it so a mnemonic helps to make | 像这样的东西,我们不想忘记 任何一件东西从它 所以一个记忆帮助 |
| 170 | sure that we can remember that. | 肯定我们能记住这一点。 |
| 171 | Another tip is doing mind maps so sometimes I would almost use | 另一个小费是做心智图 所以有时我几乎会用到 |
| 172 | mind maps as a form of active recall and draw out a mind map and try to remember all the things on | 心灵地图是一种积极召回的形式 并绘制出心灵地图 并试着记住所有的东西 |
| 173 | it and then check with the list of all the points that I actually should have got and by making it | 然后查一下我真正应该拿到的所有分数的清单 然后通过制作 |
| 174 | in a mind map format it helps our brains to visually remember where all the bits of the topic | 用心智图格式帮助我们的大脑 直观地记住这个话题的所有部分 |
| 175 | are and where all the different facts are. | 和所有不同的事实在哪里。 |
| 176 | Another memorization technique I found super helpful for | 另一个记忆技术 我发现超级有帮助 |
| 177 | learning languages in particular Mandarin is to create a personal connection to certain words or | 学习语言尤其是普通话是为了与某些单词建立个人联系或 |
| 178 | facts. | 事实 |
| 179 | Find another way that you can link it in to something that you've personally experienced. | 寻找另一种方式,你可以把它与你亲身经历的东西联系起来. |
| 180 | For example on some of my Mandarin learning Anki flashcards I'll include a photo or maybe something | 比如说,我的一些普通话学习安琪闪卡, 我会包括一张照片或什么的 |
| 181 | that reminds me of a story that's related to that piece of vocab or that sentence and that will just | 这让我想起一个故事 与那块花瓶或那句句子有关 |
| 182 | get my brain in gear and paying attention to be like oh this is actually important information | 把我的大脑装好 注意要像哦 这其实是重要的信息 |
| 183 | or oh this is actually interesting and again that stimulates our brain to release those | 或哦,这其实很有趣 并再次激励我们的大脑释放这些 |
| 184 | neurochemicals that help to support factor attention. | 神经化工 帮助支撑因素关注。 |
| 185 | Tip number eight is to make a study | 提示八是做个研究 |
| 186 | schedule including rest and also to track your progress so this is essentially to zoom out on | 包括休息在内的时间表,以及跟踪你的进展,所以这基本上是要放大 |
| 187 | all of your revision or your studying and there's a few layers to this. | 你的所有修改或学习 还有几层 |
| 188 | Firstly creating a routine | 首先创建一个常规 |
| 189 | for your studying helps your brain feel ready to learn at your usual allocated time. | 学习帮助你的大脑 准备好在正常的时间学习。 |
| 190 | This also | 还有这个 |
| 191 | helps to make sure that we don't end up studying late into the night or doing all-nighters as | 帮助确保我们不 最终学习深夜 或者做通宵 |
| 192 | actually there are some studies that show that doing an all-nighter can actually really impair | 实际上,有些研究表明 做一个通宵会真正损害 |
| 193 | your memory retention and even your rational thinking for the next few days up to four days | 你的记忆力,甚至你的理性思考 未来几天,直到四天 |
| 194 | afterwards. | 之后会的 |
| 195 | If you create a schedule you'll hopefully feel a certain pressure to study and | 如果你能创造出一个时间表... ...你可能会有某种压力去学习... ... |
| 196 | on top of things which I think is a healthy thing in moderation because in my personal experience | 最重要的是,我认为在节制中是件健康的事 因为根据我个人的经验 |
| 197 | with no pressure at all I can often feel very relaxed and very happy to procrastinate for | 完全没有压力 我常常感到非常放松 并且非常乐意拖延 |
| 198 | many weeks so by creating a schedule and realizing oh actually there's not that much time I should | 多星期了,所以通过创建时间表 和意识到哦 其实没有那么多时间 我应该 |
| 199 | probably get going that just helps to make sure that actually some things are happening and some | 也许去,只是帮助 确保一些事情正在发生 和一些 |
| 200 | things are being learned. | 东西正在学习。 |
| 201 | The final layer is that by tracking your progress you'll get a better idea | 最后一层是,通过跟踪你的进展 你会得到一个更好的想法 |
| 202 | of a how quickly it takes you to master a topic or to understand something and b also gives you | 如何快速地掌握一个话题 或理解一些东西,b也给你 |
| 203 | an idea of what you really need to focus on next for your studying so it gives you information | 了解你接下来的学习需要 专注于什么 让你知道 |
| 204 | essentially about you as a learner and also about what you need to do next. | 基本上你是一个学习者 以及你接下来需要做什么。 |
| 205 | I like to create a | 我喜欢创造 |
| 206 | sort of daily routine when I'm studying intensively where I try to wake up and go to sleep at a similar | 日复一日 当我在深思熟虑的时候 在那里我试着醒来 睡在类似的地方 |
| 207 | time and eat meals around a similar time so I did this especially when I was preparing intensively | 时间和吃饭的时间 相似的时间,所以我这样做 特别是当我 紧张准备 |
| 208 | for lots of the heavy knowledge-based exams at Cambridge. | 在剑桥举行的很多以知识为基础的考试 |
| 209 | You can also just do this with | 你也可以这么做 |
| 210 | google calendar so often I would actually make a revision timetable calendar in google calendar in | 我经常在Google日历中 做一个修改的时间表 |
| 211 | like a different color and pop that into my google calendar to schedule all my time. | 就像不同的颜色 弹入我的谷歌日历 来安排我所有的时间。 |
| 212 | I can show you | 我可以给你看 |
| 213 | in detail how I do this if you're interested and I can make a video about my schedule if that's | 详细来说,如果你有兴趣的话,我怎么做到的 我可以录下我的时间表,如果那是 |
| 214 | interesting to you guys. | 你们真有意思 |
| 215 | The final tip, tip number nine, is to keep reassessing how everything's | 最后一点,第九点,就是继续重新评估一切 |
| 216 | going. | 继续 |
| 217 | This means essentially doing an audit on a couple of things so firstly on your academics, | 这基本上意味着对一些事情进行审计 首先对你的学者, |
| 218 | how your studying's going, whether you feel like you're actually able to learn using the techniques | 你的学习进展如何,你是否觉得 你实际上能够学习 使用技术 |
| 219 | you're applying, secondly just checking in in terms of your well-being. | 你申请,第二,只是检查一下你的健康状况。 |
| 220 | This is so important | 这很重要 |
| 221 | when studying and scheduling in breaks and scheduling in time for self-care and looking | 学习和安排间歇时间,以及及时安排自我护理和寻找 |
| 222 | after yourself is literally the foundation of any studying that you want to do because if you're not | 在你身后是任何研究的基础 因为如果你不是 |
| 223 | taking care of your health and your well-being, you're not sleeping right, you're not eating | 照顾你的健康和安康,你睡不着,不吃 |
| 224 | right or exercising, then how on earth are you supposed to be effective at anything else that | 权利或锻炼, 那么,如何在地球上 你应该有效 对于其他任何 |
| 225 | you want to do? | 你想做吗? |
| 226 | So ensure that you're taking care of yourself and make sure that you're doing all | 所以要确保你照顾好自己 并确保你所做的一切 |
| 227 | right. | 对 |
| 228 | So if I had checked in with myself and thought of how I could help support my mental | 所以,如果我检查了自己 并想着如何帮助支撑我的精神 |
| 229 | and physical well-being better, I may have been able to actually enjoy life a little bit more and | 和身体健康更好, 我也许已经能够 真正享受生活一点点多, |
| 230 | enjoyed the journey rather than just struggling through and just about surviving and managing to | 而不是为了生存和驾驭 |
| 231 | After all, I've realised that it's more important to enjoy the journey than to focus purely on the | 毕竟,我意识到 享受旅程比专注于 |
| 232 | destination. | 目标。 |
| 233 | To quote Einstein, insanity is doing the same things over and over again | 引用爱因斯坦的话 精神错乱是一次又一次地做同样的事情 |
| 234 | and expecting to achieve different results. | 并期望取得不同的结果。 |
| 235 | So if you find something's not working either in terms | 所以,如果你发现的东西 不工作,无论是从 |
| 236 | of your actual studying or in terms of your well-being, then adjust something, keep trying | 然后调整一下 继续尝试 |
| 237 | different things and keep reassessing. | 不同的东西,继续重新评估。 |
| 238 | I like to reassess how things are going maybe every week or | 我喜欢每星期重新评估事情的发展 |
| 239 | but obviously this interval can be adjusted depending on how long you're studying for. | 但显然这个间隔可以根据你学习的时间来调整. |
| 240 | For learning Mandarin, for example, every single week I'd write a slightly longer journal entry | 例如,为了学习普通话,每个星期我都会写一个稍长的日记条目 |
| 241 | about how my studying was going and what I was going to focus on for the next week and how I was | 关于我的学习进展 以及接下来一周我打算专注于什么 |
| 242 | going to change things or adjust things because studying and life generally is a dynamic thing | 改变事物 或调整事物 因为研究和生活 通常是一个动态的东西 |
| 243 | and we need to respond to the needs of the moment and to the new information that we're getting | 我们需要对当前的需求 和我们得到的新信息作出反应 |
| 244 | So those are my top nine tips for studying smarter, not harder. | 这些是我的九大小费 用来学习更聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 245 | I hope this video was | 我希望这视频是 |
| 246 | entertaining or useful or helpful in some kind of way. | 有趣或有用或有帮助 |
| 247 | If you enjoyed this video you might like this | 如果你喜欢这个视频,你可能会喜欢这个 |
| 248 | one over here where I put some of these techniques into practice and show you how I do that. | 一个在这里,我把一些 这些技巧练习 并告诉你我怎么做到的。 |
| 249 | Again, | 再说一遍 |
| 250 | just remember that studying is such a personal thing and find what works for you, find what | 记住,学习是件很私人的事 找到对你有用的东西 |
| 251 | feels good for you. | 感觉很好 |
| 252 | Thank you so much for watching, take care of yourself and I will see you in the | 非常感谢你的观看, 照顾好自己,我会看到你在 |
| 253 | next video. | 下一个视频。 |
| 254 | Bye! | 再见! |
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P3 · 【学习方法】剑桥医学院的9个学习技巧 · 科学背书 p03 无字幕 (P3)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Today we're going through some science-based, tried and tested study tips that will help you | 今天我们通过一些基于科学的 尝试和测试的学习技巧 来帮助你 |
| 0:05 | study smarter, not harder. | 学习聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 0:08 | My name is Izzy. | 我叫伊兹 |
| 0:08 | I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University | 我是剑桥大学医学系最后一年级学生 |
| 0:11 | and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all. | 我刚刚完成了我所有的剑桥医学院考试 并成功通过了所有考试。 |
| 0:16 | So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School. | 这些小费几乎就是我在剑桥医学院幸存下来的。 |
| 0:21 | There were some ups, | 发生了些事 |
| 0:21 | there were some downs, but we made it. | 发生了一些故障,但我们做到了。 |
| 0:23 | These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are | 这些小费和小把戏是适用的 不管你是 |
| 0:26 | studying medicine or studying another course or even learning a language or something else like | 学习医学或学习其他课程,甚至学习某种语言或其他诸如 |
展开字幕全文（250 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today we're going through some science-based, tried and tested study tips that will help you | 今天我们通过一些基于科学的 尝试和测试的学习技巧 来帮助你 |
| 2 | study smarter, not harder. | 学习聪明,而不是更难。 |
| 3 | My name is Izzy. | 我叫伊兹 |
| 4 | I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University | 我是剑桥大学医学系最后一年级学生 |
| 5 | and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all. | 我刚刚完成了我所有的剑桥医学院考试 并成功通过了所有考试。 |
| 6 | So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School. | 这些小费几乎就是我在剑桥医学院幸存下来的。 |
| 7 | There were some ups, | 发生了些事 |
| 8 | there were some downs, but we made it. | 发生了一些故障,但我们做到了。 |
| 9 | These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are | 这些小费和小把戏是适用的 不管你是 |
| 10 | studying medicine or studying another course or even learning a language or something else like | 学习医学或学习其他课程,甚至学习某种语言或其他诸如 |
| 11 | that. | 那个 |
| 12 | So I study Mandarin in my free time and these tips are very applicable to that as well. | 所以我在闲暇时间学习普通话 这些小费也非常适用于这个 |
| 13 | So without further ado, let's get into the video. | 因此,没有进一步的ado,让我们进入视频。 |
| 14 | So firstly, why am I making this video? | 首先,我为什么要拍这个视频? |
| 15 | Learning | 学习 |
| 16 | how to learn is actually so important and it literally supercharges all of the rest of your | 如何学习 其实如此重要 它字面上超额充电 所有剩下的你 |
| 17 | time that you spend studying. | 学习的时间。 |
| 18 | It essentially acts as a productivity multiplier on all of your life | 基本上,它是 生产力倍增在你的一生 |
| 19 | and yet we're never really taught how to learn while we're at school but it's just sort of assumed | 但是我们在学校的时候 从来没有真正教过如何学习 但这只是一种假设 |
| 20 | that we'll kind of figure it out along the way. | 我们会在路上找到答案 |
| 21 | I personally spent years focusing on study techniques | 我个人花了几年时间 专注于学习技巧 |
| 22 | that have actually been shown by psychological studies to be relatively inefficient for the | 心理研究实际表明,对于 |
| 23 | ultimate goal of understanding and memorization such as taking notes, rereading or highlighting, | 理解和记忆的最终目标,如记录、重读或强调, |
| 24 | especially rereading and highlighting. | 特别是重读和突出。 |
| 25 | I absolutely loved doing those. | 我绝对喜欢这样做。 |
| 26 | So I'll go through the nine | 所以,我会通过九 |
| 27 | study techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School. | 学习技巧让我通过剑桥医学院。 |
| 28 | I'll firstly explain them and then | 我先解释一下然后 |
| 29 | go through some practical tips and examples of ways that you can integrate them into your own | 通过一些实用的提示和实例,你能够把它们融入自己的 |
| 30 | studying. | 学习。 |
| 31 | The first thing I would say is to start with eat the frog. | 我首先要说的是 吃青蛙 |
| 32 | This is actually the title of | 这其实是标题 |
| 33 | Brian Tracy的一本生产力书 灵感来自Mark Twain的引文 | |
| 34 | like this. | 像这样 |
| 35 | If it's your job to eat a frog it's best to do it first thing in the morning and if | 如果这是你的工作 吃一只青蛙... ...最好在早上做第一,如果 |
| 36 | it's your job to eat two frogs it's best to eat the biggest one first and this is essentially telling | 你的工作是吃两只青蛙 最好先吃最大的一只 这基本上是告诉大家 |
| 37 | us to focus on the difficult things first. | 我们首先要专注于困难的事情。 |
| 38 | You don't need to waste time repeating the stuff that | 你不需要浪费时间 重复那些东西 |
| 39 | you already know or that you're already comfortable with. | 你已经知道 或者你已经很舒服了 |
| 40 | Instead focus on the most challenging topics | 相反,侧重于最具挑战性的专题 |
| 41 | or the most challenging tasks that you have to do in a day or things that you have to study in a day. | 或者你一天内必须完成的最艰巨的任务 或者你一天内必须学习的事情 |
| 42 | A question that I find really helpful to ask myself when revising for an exam is if the exam | 一个问题,我发现真正有用的 问自己,当修订考试是 |
| 43 | were tomorrow what topic would I feel the least happy about coming up in the exam? | 明天参加考试会有什么话题? |
| 44 | This often is | 这经常是 |
| 45 | quite revealing and I'll often try to avoid doing topics that I don't like or that I find | 我经常尽量避免做 我不喜欢或发现的话题 |
| 46 | unpleasant but often those are the topics that I actually really need to do and are actually my | 令人不快,但那些往往是 我真正需要做的话题 实际上是我的 |
| 47 | weak points. | 弱点。 |
| 48 | This also ties in with the Pareto principle which is also known as the 80-20 rule | 这也与帕雷托原则有关,后者也被称为80-20规则。 |
| 49 | which essentially states that 80 percent of our results will generally come from approximately | 基本上说,我们80%的结果一般来自 |
| 50 | 20 percent of the topics or the inputs that we actually make. | 20%的主题 或我们实际的投入。 |
| 51 | By focusing on the most important | 通过专注于最重要的 |
| 52 | and core topics first and moving out from there we can help to prioritize what we're actually | 和核心主题 首先,并走出那里 我们可以帮助优先 我们实际上是什么 |
| 53 | studying and what we're focusing on. | 学习和我们所关注的。 |
| 54 | This applies to both studying medicine and also studying | 这既适用于学习医学,也适用于学习 |
| 55 | languages so for medicine focusing on the core topics and eliminating the ones that you find | 以核心话题为重点,消除发现的 |
| 56 | the most difficult first and then moving outwards from there and then for language learning focusing | 首先是最困难的,然后从那里向外移动 然后用于语言学习 |
| 57 | on the core very commonly used words and focusing on the difficult ones you find there eliminating | 在核心的常用词上 集中研究那些你所发现的 |
| 58 | them and then gradually broadening that circle and including more and more vocabulary more and | 然后逐渐拓宽这个圈子 包括越来越多的词汇 |
| 59 | topics so this combination of eating the frog and doing the difficult things and also focusing | 因此,这些结合 吃青蛙 做困难的事情, 以及集中注意力 |
| 60 | on the important core topics really helps us to make good decisions when it comes to prioritizing | 重要核心议题确实有助于我们在确定优先事项时作出良好决定。 |
| 61 | what we're going to be studying on a given day. | 某天我们要学习的东西 |
| 62 | The second study technique that has saved me in | 拯救我的第二个学习技巧 |
| 63 | medical school is the pomodoro technique which you may have heard of before which involves 25 | 医学院是您可能听说过的波摩多罗技术 之前涉及25个 |
| 64 | minutes of work time and intensive study followed by five minutes of a break and this is repeated. | 工作时间和密集学习时间,然后休息5分钟,这种情况重复发生。 |
| 65 | I find this really helpful because as per Parkinson's law where work expands to fill | 我觉得这真的有帮助 因为根据帕金森的律法 工作会扩大以填补 |
| 66 | the time allocated to its completion studying also does the same and by time boxing our studying to | 完成研究所分配的时间也一样,通过时间打包我们的学习 |
| 67 | fixed windows of intense studying followed by a break this means that we can set ourselves like | 固定的窗户 剧烈学习 之后的突破 意味着我们可以把自己像 |
| 68 | a mini study goal for that duration of time and work in these short bursts. | 在此期间的小型学习目标,并在短短的时间内工作。 |
| 69 | An article by MIT | 麻省理工学院的一篇文章 |
| 70 | recommends working in hour-long blocks as the most effective with 50 minutes of study time followed | 建议在长达一小时的街区内工作,作为最有效的,在学习时间之后50分钟。 |
| 71 | by 10 minutes break and repeated however honestly I would say that in my personal experience and | 休息10分钟,再重复一遍,但诚实地说,根据我个人的经验, |
| 72 | the experience of many other colleagues at Cambridge the optimal intervals will vary a | 剑桥市其他许多同事的经验 最佳间隔将有所不同 |
| 73 | lot between people and also actually between topics as well so for me if it's a topic that | 人与人之间 以及话题之间 |
| 74 | I really enjoy or something that I find quite fun I often can study for a longer duration before | 我真的很喜欢 或觉得很有趣的东西 我常常可以学习更长的时间之前 |
| 75 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}需要休息一下 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}也许50分钟后再休息10分钟 {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}如果是的话 | |
| 76 | something that I find really quite unpleasant to study or I keep avoiding or I find it very | 有些东西我发现很不愉快 学习,或者我一直回避 或者我发现它非常 |
| 77 | taxing then setting a shorter duration and doing a short burst of intense work often works better | 然后课税,确定更短的期限,并进行短暂的紧张工作往往效果更好。 |
| 78 | for me play around with it try out different time intervals and see if this works for you. | 试试不同的时间间隔 看看这是否适合你 |
| 79 | The next tip is to aim for understanding first and then memorization so often throughout medical | 接下来的提示是首先了解 然后在医疗中经常回忆 |
| 80 | school and even when learning Mandarin you could either take two routes you could either rote | 即使学普通话 你也可以走两条路 也可以转弯 |
| 81 | memorize everything and just have all these random facts kind of floating around in your head or you | 记住一切,只要这些随机的事实 浮在你的脑海或你身上 |
| 82 | try to go down an understanding route where you understand things from first principles | 试着走一个理解的路线 在那里,你理解事物 从第一原则 |
| 83 | and then you just memorize to fill in any gaps in that understanding where there's maybe just | 然后,你只是记住填补 任何空白 在理解,也许有 |
| 84 | facts that you have to know and you can't actually go from a first principles place of understanding. | 事实,你必须知道 而且你实际上不能 从一个第一原则 理解的地方。 |
| 85 | In a way there are only two real components to good learning or good knowledge which is | 从某种意义上说,好学或好知识只有两个真正的组成部分: |
| 86 | understanding plus memorization. | 理解和记忆。 |
| 87 | The understanding is there to give us a mental model for how things | 理解是给我们一个精神模型 如何做事情 |
| 88 | work in that system or in that topic that we're learning about and then the memorization | 在系统或这个课题上的工作, 我们正在学习,然后是回忆 |
| 89 | almost adds just the extra bits and fills in the gaps around the understanding where you can't just | 几乎只是添加了额外的位数 并填补了 围绕理解,你不能只是 |
| 90 | derive things from first principles. | 从第一原则中得出东西。 |
| 91 | So the next tip links into that quite well because it helps to | 所以,下一个小费 连接在相当好的 因为它有助于 |
| 92 | promote a clear and concise understanding of any topic that you're trying to learn and it's a | 促使人们清晰而简洁地理解你试图学习的任何话题,这是一个 |
| 93 | technique known as the Feynman technique which is named after Richard Feynman a physicist who | 以物理学家理查德·费曼的名字命名 |
| 94 | used this technique a lot throughout his career and teaching. | 在他的职业生涯和教学中经常使用这种技术. |
| 95 | It essentially means teaching the | 根本上是说教 |
| 96 | topic or concept to somebody in a simple and clear way so that someone with very little | 以简单和明确的方式向某人提出专题或概念,这样,很少有人 |
| 97 | basis in that subject matter would be able to understand your explanation to them and by being | 在主题事项上的基础,将能够理解你对它们的解释,并且能够理解 |
| 98 | able to teach it to somebody else that demonstrates that you really need to have a solid understanding | 能教给别人 证明你确实需要有一个坚实的理解 |
| 99 | of the topic itself. | 专题本身。 |
| 100 | There are two ways that you can put this into practice firstly if you're on | 有两种方式,你可以 将这一点 首先,如果你在 |
| 101 | and you don't have anyone else with you you can just try explaining out loud as if there were | 你没有其他人陪着你 你可以试着大声解释 就像有 |
| 102 | another person there or like maybe you could explain to any fluffy toys that you have on your | 或许你可以解释一下 你身上的毛绒玩具 |
| 103 | bed or something like that just to actually go through the process of trying to explain it and | 床或类似的东西 只是经历一个过程 试图解释它, |
| 104 | trying to teach it. | 试图教它。 |
| 105 | Secondly if you do have friends who are studying a similar topic to you or even | 第二 如果你有朋友在研究一个和你相似的话题 |
| 106 | just family members or other friends who aren't doing the topic you could try explaining to them | 只是家人或其他不做话题的朋友 你可以试着向他们解释 |
| 107 | and see how it goes. | 看看情况如何 |
| 108 | The next tip is to focus on practice testing which is a form of active recall. | 下一个提示是专注于实践测试,这是一种主动召回的形式. |
| 109 | It's a common misconception among students that the best way to learn is by reading through notes | 学生中常见的误解是,最好的学习方法是通过笔记阅读 |
| 110 | or textbooks and essentially trying to put information into our brains. | 或者教科书 基本上试图将信息输入我们的大脑 |
| 111 | However a number | 然而,一个数字 |
| 112 | of psychological studies including one done in 2013 by Dunlosky et al showed that we actually | 包括Dunlosky等人在2013年完成的 心理研究显示 |
| 113 | best when we try to take information out of our brains by actively recalling it. | 最好我们从脑中吸取信息 积极回顾 |
| 114 | When we're tested | 当我们被测试时 |
| 115 | on a fact or a topic neurochemicals that stimulate memory formation and attention are released in our | 在一个事实或一个主题 神经化学刺激记忆的形成和注意力 在我们释放 |
| 116 | brain and help us to really solidify those memories. | 大脑和帮助我们 真正巩固这些记忆。 |
| 117 | So whether we get it right or wrong | 所以,无论我们得到它正确还是错误 |
| 118 | it doesn't really matter because as long as you check the answer afterwards and find out what the | 这不重要 因为只要你事后检查答案 找出答案 |
| 119 | correct answer actually was your brain is so much more stimulated to actually want to pay attention | 正确答案其实是 你的大脑被激发得更强烈 真正想要注意 |
| 120 | to what that was and file it away as a memory for future use. | 把它作为未来使用的内存 |
| 121 | It's essentially a way of saying to | 这基本上是一种表达方式 |
| 122 | your brain hey this information's actually useful look we're trying to remember it why don't you | 你的大脑,嘿,这个信息其实是有用的外观 我们试图记住它,为什么不 |
| 123 | remember it for next time and that helps our brains soak up all of this new content much | 记住它下一次, 这帮助我们的大脑 浸出所有这些新的内容 |
| 124 | more quickly. | 快点 |
| 125 | Try turning your notes or textbooks into flashcards or taking mock tests. | 尝试把你的笔记或教科书变成闪卡或者进行模拟测试. |
| 126 | For example | 比如说 |
| 127 | for all of my clinical medical exams I found that one of the most effective ways for me to study was | 在我所有临床医学检查中 我发现我学习的最有效的方法之一是 |
| 128 | to actually do practice questions on a website called Pass Medicine which is essentially an | 在名为Pass Medicine的网站上 实际练习问题 |
| 129 | online question bank which would actively test me on my knowledge and also my understanding. | 在线问题银行 将积极测试我的知识 和我的理解。 |
| 130 | I would | 我会 |
| 131 | get instant feedback as to whether I was right or wrong and then also have access to a page with | 获取关于我是否对错的即时反馈,然后也可以使用 |
| 132 | more information so I could fill in any gaps in my knowledge or understanding afterwards. | 更多的信息,这样我就可以填补我的知识或理解中的任何空白。 |
| 133 | This made | 这让 |
| 134 | it almost feel like a game and I would almost try to reframe it as a game so I could stay engaged | 感觉就像一场游戏 我几乎想把它重新塑造成一场游戏 这样我才能保持接触 |
| 135 | with doing it. | 与它做到这一点。 |
| 136 | This isn't sponsored by the way that's just how I revise for my medical school | 这可不是我为医学院所做的修改 |
| 137 | exams. | 考试 |
| 138 | The next tip synergizes really well with the last tip about practice testing and active | 下一个提示与最后一个关于练习测试和活跃的提示非常合力 |
| 139 | recall. | 记得 |
| 140 | The next tip is space repetition essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve. | 下一个提示是空间重复 基本上,你如何克服遗忘曲线。 |
| 141 | In a number | 数字 |
| 142 | of studies about human memory retention researchers came up with a graph visualizing how the brain | 研究人类记忆保存的研究者们 绘制了一个图表 描绘大脑是如何直观的 |
| 143 | retains memory over time also known as the forgetting curve which looks a bit like this. | 保留记忆 随着时间的推移, 也被称为 遗忘曲线, 它看起来有点像这样。 |
| 144 | So essentially after we initially learn something we will gradually start to forget it over time | 因此,基本上,在我们开始学习一些东西后,我们就会逐渐地开始忘记它。 |
| 145 | unless we revise that piece of knowledge or that fact and then we reset the forgetting curve. | 除非我们修改那部分知识 或者那个事实 然后我们重设遗忘曲线 |
| 146 | Then | 礛 |
| 147 | after resetting this forgetting curve it takes a little bit longer before we forget it and the | 重置这个遗忘的曲线后 它需要一点时间,然后我们忘记它和 |
| 148 | curve is a little bit less steep as the information starts to enter our long-term memory instead. | 当信息开始输入我们的长期记忆时,曲线的陡度会小一点。 |
| 149 | Space repetition is essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve and to put this into practice | 空间重复基本上是你如何克服遗忘的曲线 并将其付诸实践 |
| 150 | my favorite way to do this especially for language learning is to use Anki which is a space repetition | 我特别喜欢用语言学习的方法 是使用安琪,这是重复的空间 |
| 151 | software which combines both active recall and space repetition. | 软件,既包括活性召回,也包括空间重复。 |
| 152 | I love this for learning | 我喜欢学习 |
| 153 | Mandarin vocabulary but it also works for studying anything else that you need to memorize things for. | 普通话词汇,但也有助于研究你需要记住的东西。 |
| 154 | Essentially Anki is an app which does flashcards on either your computer or your phone and the | 基本上Anki是一个应用 它在你的电脑或手机上 做闪卡 |
| 155 | software will automatically calculate when you should space your repetition of it. | 软件会自动计算您是否要间隔重复。 |
| 156 | You can also | 你也可以这样 |
| 157 | do space repetition and active recall with manual flashcards and I'll link some resources down | 用手动闪卡进行空间重复和主动召回,我会将一些资源链接到下方 |
| 158 | explaining how you can do this but I don't personally do this myself. | 解释你怎么做到的 但我不亲自做 |
| 159 | I would really | 我真的会 |
| 160 | highly recommend Anki as it automates everything for you and all you need to do is make the cards | 大力推荐安琪,因为安琪使一切自动化,你只需要制作牌 |
| 161 | and then everything just happens and you do your reviews every day and then you suddenly remember | 然后一切都发生了 你每天做评论 然后突然想起 |
| 162 | all of these new facts. | 所有这些新的事实。 |
| 163 | Tip number seven is leveraging some memorization techniques to help | 第7小节是利用一些记忆技术来帮助 |
| 164 | remember things that are kind of tricky. | 记住一些很棘手的事 |
| 165 | So my favorite ones for these are mnemonics. | 我最喜欢的就是仪式 |
| 166 | This is | 这是 |
| 167 | really helpful for medical school because often there's long lists of causes for a certain | 对医学院很有帮助 因为经常有很长的病因列表 |
| 168 | condition or other things like that where we don't want to forget any one item off it so a | 条件或者其他类似的东西 我们不想忘记任何一件东西 |
| 169 | mnemonic helps to make sure that we can remember that. | 记忆力有助于确保我们能记住这一点。 |
| 170 | Another tip is doing mind maps so sometimes | 另一个小费是做心智图 所以有时候 |
| 171 | I would almost use mind maps as a form of active recall and draw out a mind map and try to remember | 我几乎会把心智图当作一种 积极召回的形式 画出心智图 试着记住 |
| 172 | all the things on it and then check with the list of all the points that I actually should have got | 上面所有的东西,然后检查列表 所有点 我实际上应该有 |
| 173 | and by making it in a mind map format it helps our brains to visually remember where all the | 通过用心智地图格式制作它 帮助我们的大脑 视觉地记住所有的地方 |
| 174 | topic are and where all the different facts are. | 主题和所有不同事实所在。 |
| 175 | Another memorization technique I found super helpful | 另一个记忆技术 我发现超级有帮助 |
| 176 | for learning languages in particular Mandarin is to create a personal connection to certain | 对于学习语言,尤其是普通话来说 与某些语言建立个人联系 |
| 177 | words or facts. | 语言或事实。 |
| 178 | Find another way that you can link it in to something that you've personally | 找到另一种方法,你可以把它连接到 一些你个人的东西 |
| 179 | experienced. | 经验丰富。 |
| 180 | For example on some of my Mandarin learning Anki flashcards I'll include a photo | 比如说,我的一些普通话学习安琪闪卡 我会包括一张照片 |
| 181 | or maybe something that reminds me of a story that's related to that piece of vocab or that | 或者让我想起一个故事 和那块花瓶有关 |
| 182 | will just help to get my brain in gear and paying attention to be like oh this is actually important | 只会帮助我的大脑得到装备 并关注 像哦,这其实是重要的 |
| 183 | information or oh this is actually interesting and again that stimulates our brain to release | 信息或哦 这其实很有趣 并且再次激励我们的大脑释放 |
| 184 | those neurochemicals that help to support factor attention. | 那些神经化学 帮助支持因素关注。 |
| 185 | Tip number eight is to make a study | 提示八是做个研究 |
| 186 | schedule including rest and also to track your progress so this is essentially to zoom out on | 包括休息在内的时间表,以及跟踪你的进展,所以这基本上是要放大 |
| 187 | all of your revision or your studying and there's a few layers to this. | 你的所有修改或学习 还有几层 |
| 188 | Firstly creating a routine | 首先创建一个常规 |
| 189 | for your studying helps your brain feel ready to learn at your usual allocated time. | 学习帮助你的大脑 准备好在正常的时间学习。 |
| 190 | This also | 还有这个 |
| 191 | helps to make sure that we don't end up studying late into the night or doing all-nighters as | 帮助确保我们不 最终学习深夜 或者做通宵 |
| 192 | actually there are some studies that show that doing an all-nighter can actually really impair | 实际上,有些研究表明 做一个通宵会真正损害 |
| 193 | your memory retention and even your rational thinking for the next few days up to four days | 你的记忆力,甚至你的理性思考 未来几天,直到四天 |
| 194 | afterwards. | 之后会的 |
| 195 | If you create a schedule you'll hopefully feel a certain pressure to study and | 如果你能创造出一个时间表... ...你可能会有某种压力去学习... ... |
| 196 | things which I think is a healthy thing in moderation because in my personal experience | 我觉得温和是件健康的事 因为我亲身经历 |
| 197 | with no pressure at all I can often feel very relaxed and very happy to procrastinate for | 完全没有压力 我常常感到非常放松 并且非常乐意拖延 |
| 198 | many weeks so by creating a schedule and realizing oh actually there's not that much time I should | 多星期了,所以通过创建时间表 和意识到哦 其实没有那么多时间 我应该 |
| 199 | probably get going that just helps to make sure that actually some things are happening and some | 也许去,只是帮助 确保一些事情正在发生 和一些 |
| 200 | things are being learned. | 东西正在学习。 |
| 201 | The final layer is that by tracking your progress you'll get a better idea | 最后一层是,通过跟踪你的进展 你会得到一个更好的想法 |
| 202 | of a how quickly it takes you to master a topic or to understand something and b also gives you | 如何快速地掌握一个话题 或理解一些东西,b也给你 |
| 203 | an idea of what you really need to focus on next for your studying so it gives you information | 了解你接下来的学习需要 专注于什么 让你知道 |
| 204 | essentially about you as a learner and also about what you need to do next. | 基本上你是一个学习者 以及你接下来需要做什么。 |
| 205 | I like to create a sort | 我喜欢创造一种 |
| 206 | of daily routine when I'm studying intensively where I try to wake up and go to sleep at a | 日复一日的例行公事 当我在深思熟虑时 在那里我试着醒来去睡觉 |
| 207 | similar time and eat meals around a similar time so I did this especially when I was preparing | 时间差不多,吃饭的时间也差不多 所以我做了这个,特别是当我准备的时候 |
| 208 | intensively for lots of the heavy knowledge-based exams at Cambridge. | 在剑桥的很多以知识为基础的高考中, |
| 209 | You can also just do this with | 你也可以这么做 |
| 210 | Google Calendar so often I would actually make a revision timetable calendar in Google Calendar | Google日历如此频繁地我会在Google日历中做一个修订时间表日历 |
| 211 | in like a different colour and pop that into my Google Calendar to schedule all my time. | 像另一种颜色一样 进入我的Google日历 来安排我所有的时间 |
| 212 | I can | 我当然可以 |
| 213 | show you in detail how I do this if you're interested and I can make a video about my schedule | 详细告诉你我怎么做 如果你有兴趣 我可以录下我的时间表 |
| 214 | if that's interesting to you guys. | 如果你们感兴趣的话 |
| 215 | The final tip, tip number nine, is to keep reassessing how | 最后一个小费,第九小费, 是继续重新评估如何 |
| 216 | this means essentially doing an audit on a couple of things so firstly on your academics, | 这主要意味着对一些事情进行审计 首先对你的学者, |
| 217 | how your studying is going, whether you feel like you're actually able to learn using the | 你的学习进展如何,你是否觉得 你实际上能够学习使用 |
| 218 | techniques you're applying, secondly just checking in in terms of your well-being. | 你应用的技术,第二,只是检查一下你的健康。 |
| 219 | This is so important | 这很重要 |
| 220 | when studying and scheduling in breaks and scheduling in time for self-care and looking | 学习和安排间歇时间,以及及时安排自我护理和寻找 |
| 221 | after yourself is literally the foundation of any studying that you want to do because if you're not | 在你身后是任何研究的基础 因为如果你不是 |
| 222 | taking care of your health and your well-being you're not sleeping right, you're not eating | 照顾你的健康和安康 你睡不着,不吃 |
| 223 | right or exercising then how on earth are you supposed to be effective at anything else that | 右或行使,那么,如何在地球上 你应该有效 在任何其它 |
| 224 | you want to do so ensure that you're taking care of yourself and make sure that you're doing all | 你想这样做,确保 你照顾自己 并确保你所做的一切 |
| 225 | right so if I had checked in with myself and thought of how I could help support my mental | 好吧,所以如果我检查了自己 想到如何帮助支撑我的精神 |
| 226 | and physical well-being better I may have been able to actually enjoy life a little bit more | 和身体健康更好 我也许可以真正享受 生活一点点 |
| 227 | and enjoyed the journey rather than just struggling through and just about surviving and managing to | 并享受了旅程 而不是仅仅挣扎过 仅仅为了生存和驾驭 |
| 228 | After all I've realised that it's more important to enjoy the journey than to focus purely on the | 毕竟我意识到 享受旅程比专注于 |
| 229 | destination. | 目标。 |
| 230 | To quote Einstein, insanity is doing the same things over and over again | 引用爱因斯坦的话 精神错乱是一次又一次地做同样的事情 |
| 231 | and expecting to achieve different results so if you find something's not working either in terms | 并期望取得不同的结果 因此如果你发现的东西 无效,无论是从 |
| 232 | of your actual studying or in terms of your well-being then adjust something, keep trying | 继续尝试 |
| 233 | different things and keep reassessing. | 不同的东西,继续重新评估。 |
| 234 | I like to reassess how things are going maybe every week or | 我喜欢每星期重新评估事情的发展 |
| 235 | but obviously this interval can be adjusted depending on how long you're studying for. | 但显然这个间隔可以根据你学习的时间来调整. |
| 236 | For learning Mandarin for example every single week I'd write a slightly longer journal entry | 比如说,每星期我都会写一篇稍长的日记 |
| 237 | about how my studying was going and what I was going to focus on for the next week and how I was | 关于我的学习进展 以及接下来一周我打算专注于什么 |
| 238 | going to change things or adjust things because studying and life generally is a dynamic thing | 改变事物 或调整事物 因为研究和生活 通常是一个动态的东西 |
| 239 | and we need to respond to the needs of the moment and to the new information that we're getting | 我们需要对当前的需求 和我们得到的新信息作出反应 |
| 240 | So those are my top nine tips for studying smarter not harder. | 这些是我学习聪明而不是更努力的九大技巧。 |
| 241 | I hope this video was | 我希望这视频是 |
| 242 | entertaining or useful or helpful in some kind of way. | 有趣或有用或有帮助 |
| 243 | If you enjoyed this video you might like this | 如果你喜欢这个视频,你可能会喜欢这个 |
| 244 | one over here where I put some of these techniques into practice and show you how I do that. | 一个在这里,我把一些 这些技巧练习 并告诉你我怎么做到的。 |
| 245 | Again | 再来 |
| 246 | just remember that studying is such a personal thing and find what works for you, find what | 记住,学习是件很私人的事 找到对你有用的东西 |
| 247 | feels good for you. | 感觉很好 |
| 248 | Thank you so much for watching, take care of yourself and I will see you in the | 非常感谢你的观看, 照顾好自己,我会看到你在 |
| 249 | next video. | 下一个视频。 |
| 250 | Bye! | 再见! |
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