【牛津辩论】青年行动主义是作秀？ 20260716

发布于 2026-07-19 · 时长 1:48:55

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	The debate for tonight is with the motion that this House believes youth activism is primarily performative.	今晚的辩论是以这个动议为主题的。
0:07	Speaking first on side proposition is ex-president of the Oxford Union, Michael Akilade Ayodeji.	牛津联盟前主席迈克尔·阿基拉德·阿约德吉首先发言。
0:36	Thank you, Madam President.	谢谢你,主席女士。
0:38	Members, I stand here before you today somewhat reluctant to propose the motion,	各位,我今天站在你们面前不太愿意提出动议,
0:43	because I too was once a youth activist.	因为我以前也是青年活动家
0:47	In my first year, I regularly protested the Union's decision to platform speakers that I consider deplorable.	在我第一年中,我经常抗议欧盟决定请我认为令人遗憾的发言者发言。
0:53	I joined sustained efforts to demand justice for a blind man whose membership was revoked	我坚持不懈地为一个被取消党籍的盲人伸张正义
0:57	after he was physically assaulted and dragged out of this Chamber.	他遭到殴打并被拖出这个会议厅。
1:01	We thought we won.	我们以为赢了。
1:03	The Union apologised.	联盟道歉。

展开字幕全文（1556 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	The debate for tonight is with the motion that this House believes youth activism is primarily performative.	今晚的辩论是以这个动议为主题的。
2	Speaking first on side proposition is ex-president of the Oxford Union, Michael Akilade Ayodeji.	牛津联盟前主席迈克尔·阿基拉德·阿约德吉首先发言。
3	Thank you, Madam President.	谢谢你,主席女士。
4	Members, I stand here before you today somewhat reluctant to propose the motion,	各位,我今天站在你们面前不太愿意提出动议,
5	because I too was once a youth activist.	因为我以前也是青年活动家
6	In my first year, I regularly protested the Union's decision to platform speakers that I consider deplorable.	在我第一年中,我经常抗议欧盟决定请我认为令人遗憾的发言者发言。
7	I joined sustained efforts to demand justice for a blind man whose membership was revoked	我坚持不懈地为一个被取消党籍的盲人伸张正义
8	after he was physically assaulted and dragged out of this Chamber.	他遭到殴打并被拖出这个会议厅。
9	We thought we won.	我们以为赢了。
10	The Union apologised.	联盟道歉。
11	The then-president resigned.	当时的总统辞职.
12	The Union apparently committed to some self-reflection and reforming,	联盟显然致力于自我反思和改革,
13	except the recent headline seems to beg to differ.	但最近的标题似乎不同。
14	Worse yet, a few terms later, my best friend, then-Union Secretary, sat me down and told me,	更糟糕的是,几期之后, 我最好的朋友,当时的联盟部长, 让我坐下来告诉我,
15	Michael, you've got to stop shouting from the outside.	迈克尔,你必须停止从外面喊。
16	You've got to get involved and be the change you want to be.	你必须参与进来做你想做的改变
17	He said, in the words of John Major, it's better to be in the tent, pissing out, than out the tent, pissing in.	他说,用约翰·马杰的话来说,最好是在帐篷里,尿出,比出帐篷,尿出.
18	With some misplaced hope, I joined committee and somehow climbed up to the top.	带着一些错误的希望,我加入了委员会,不知怎么爬到顶端。
19	What I found interesting, Madam President, during our conversations over dinner,	我发现有趣的是,主席女士在我们晚餐谈话时
20	is learning how we began our journey in similar fashions.	学习我们如何以类似的方式开始我们的旅程。
21	We began protesting the deplorable decisions by Union administrations,	我们开始抗议联邦行政当局的可悲决定,
22	only to find that when we would replace them on those thrones,	却发现当我们取代他们的时候,
23	we became the people that the members would call the deplorable decision-makers.	我们成了会员们会称为可悲的决策者的人。
24	Granted, I didn't quite decide to invite the same type of speakers that you have done	恕我直言我还没决定邀请你做的那种演讲人
25	to the definitely not controversial Week 5 Islam debate.	参加第5周的伊斯兰教辩论
26	In all seriousness, Madam President, you rose to the top job in trying circumstances	说实在的,主席女士,你在艰难的环境下登上了最高职位
27	and produced an amazing term card with a chamber almost filled at every single event.	并制作了一个惊人的名词卡片,每一次活动都几乎装满一个房间.
28	Thank you for the pleasure of inviting me to speak again in this chamber,	谢谢你邀请我再次在本会议厅发言
29	and with that, it falls upon me to introduce members of the opposition.	因此,我有责任介绍反对派成员。
30	You will hear first from Fina Allali.	菲娜·阿拉利会先通知你
31	She's a British revolutionary communist, most famous for the kind, affectionate words	她是一个英国革命共产主义者,最有名的就是这种亲切的言语
32	she said to the then Minister of Social Development live on TV.	她对时任社会发展部长的电视直播说.
33	第二,你从我们自己的Sachwat Limachani那里得到消息,
34	a creative lead and organiser of the Gen Z protest in Nepal.	在尼泊尔,
35	One man with one Discord server brought down a government.	一个有Discord服务器的人推翻了政府
36	Impressive.	厉害
37	Third, you hear from the Dashing historian, Gen Z historian,	第三,你听到大兴历史学家,源Z历史学家,
38	a graduate from Yale College, the first black president of his institution,	毕业于耶鲁学院他的学院第一位黑人院长
39	and outspoken advocate for black representation, Mr Khalil Green.	并公开主张黑人代表,哈利勒·格林先生。
40	Fourth, you hear from someone who I would advise not to let their luscious curls fool you.	第四,你听到有人说我劝你不要被他们那可爱的卷发骗了
41	This man is a troublemaker, a student activist, a protest organiser,	这个人是个捣乱者学生活动家抗议组织者
42	a great advocate for LGBTQ rights, and a big YouTube viral star unsurrounded.	一个伟大的LGBTQ权利倡导者, 以及一个大的YouTube病毒明星没有围观。
43	Amazing stuff.	神奇的东西。
44	And finally, to close the case, someone who's familiar with causing cases	最后,为了结案, 一个熟悉制造案件的人
45	as a leading barrister and a founder of the Good Law Project, Johnan Wong.	作为首席大律师兼好法项目创始人黄约翰.
46	Miss President, these are your guests, and they are most welcome.	总统女士,这是你的客人,欢迎他们
47	Thank you.	谢谢
48	Now, for some definitions, when I say youth activism, I mean the marches,	现在,对于一些定义, 当我说青年活动,我的意思是游行,
49	the accountments, the boycotts, the movements,	记录抵制运动
50	the full loud and beautiful register of young people trying to change the world	充满响亮和美丽的记录年轻人试图改变世界
51	before it changes them.	在它改变他们之前
52	Crucially, when I say primarily, I don't mean always, I don't mean entirely,	关键是,当我主要说, 我不是说永远,我不是说完全,
53	I mean in stable Western democracies today, performance has become a dominant instrument,	我的意思是在今天稳定的西方民主国家, 表现已经成为一种主导工具,
54	the main two left on a table.	主要两个留在桌子上。
55	And when I say performative, and you know, stay with me here, House,	当我说表演,你知道, 留在我这里,豪斯,
56	I do not mean that what the opposition will try to convince you of today	我不是说反对派今天想说服你什么
57	will try to tell you that performative means that it is fake.	将尝试告诉你表演意味着它是假的。
58	Performative describes an action that enacts a belief, not one that merely states it.	演绎性描述的是一种行为,它赋予了一种信仰,而不是仅仅表达这种信仰。
59	Sitting is performative, hunger strike is performative, art is performative.	坐是表演,绝食是表演,艺术是表演.
60	These are not dishonest things, these are amongst the most honest things	这些不是不诚实的,这些是最诚实的
61	human beings could ever do.	人类永远可以做到。
62	The proposition tonight is not that young activists are performing	今晚的命题不是青年活动家在表演
63	instead of meaning it, it is that the system, patient, experienced,	与其说它的意义, 而是系统,耐心,经验丰富,
64	and well-funded has learned to ensure that performance is really all we're left with.	并且资金充足已经学会确保表演是真正的我们剩下的所有。
65	I convinced you of the proposition case with two main arguments	我用两个主要论点说服了你
66	which will surely lead you to walking through the eye doors tonight.	这肯定会引导你今晚穿过眼门。
67	Firstly, that performative is not a dirty word the opposition would have you believe.	首先,这种表演不是反对者会相信的脏话。
68	And secondly, that a mechanism which elites respond to,	其次精英们的反应机制
69	as shown by the Rosemont Fall movement,	如罗斯蒙特瀑布运动所显示,
70	has become more impenetrable than young activists becoming lazily.	比起年轻活动家懒惰化,
71	Now, the opposition, on the first,	现在,反对派,第一,
72	might spend their speeches using the word performative as a dirty word,	或用表演这个词作恶语,
73	you know, hollow, fake, for the cameras, you know,	你知道,空洞的,假的, 对于相机,你知道,
74	content without consequence, but big mantin.	满足无后果,但大芒丁。
75	I do poetry, I'm a rapper, I believe in art.	我做诗,我是说唱歌手,我相信艺术。
76	I know that performance and actions are not mutually exclusive.	我知道,业绩和行动并非相互排斥。
77	As an activist, performance is one of the most effective ways to make the invisible visible.	作为一名活动家,表演是使隐形人可见的最有效方式之一.
78	The word performative comes from art, from theatre, from the stage.	表演一词来源于艺术,戏剧,舞台.
79	Art has no obligation to produce immediate legislation.	第2条没有义务立即制定法律。
80	Art changes what we think is imaginable,	艺术改变了我们认为可以想象的东西,
81	what we are willing to accept, and what we are willing to fight for.	我们愿意接受什么,我们愿意为什么而斗争。
82	So no, performative is not an insult.	不,表演不是侮辱
83	Performative is not that young people are performing.	表演不是年轻人在表演。
84	The problem is that the stage has been taken away from them.	问题在于舞台被夺走了
85	And that's a cruel irony.	这是残酷的讽刺。
86	SES, PCP, 房间的PPS?
87	For the non-PPS, to be is to be perceived.	对于非PPS,则要被感知.
88	Regardless of the sincerity burning in our chest,	不管我们胸中有多真诚
89	the world perceives youth activism as performative.	世界认为青年积极性是能够发挥作用的。
90	If that's true, then it functionally is.	如果这是真的,那么在功能上就是了.
91	The system that controls our perception,	控制我们感知的系统
92	i.e.	即说.
93	the major news outlets owned by billionaires,	亿万富翁拥有的主要新闻
94	define your activities to the masses in unfavourable terms.	以不利的语言定义你们的活动。
95	When one side of the spectrum is silenced and shadowbanned on social media platforms,	当一面的光谱被沉默和影子封杀在社交媒体平台,
96	and the ability to reach masses beyond the bubble is limited,	接触泡沫以外的物质的能力是有限的,
97	when the perception of your action is defined	当对您的动作的感知被定义时
98	to delay masses by power merchants who do not care	被那些不在乎的商人拖延群众
99	for you freeing Palestine or climate justice,	为你们解放巴勒斯坦或气候正义,
100	then you have a limit to what you can achieve and how you're perceived.	然后,你有一个极限你能够实现和如何看待。
101	Second argument.	第二辩才.
102	I want to go back in time a little bit.	我想回到过去一点。
103	Let's cast our minds back to what happened	让我们回到过去
104	when we acted with great conviction in the 1960s.	1960年代我们以坚定的信念行事
105	For example, the Montgomery bus boycotts.	例如蒙哥马利巴士抵制.
106	To be frank, the racists running the bus companies	坦白说, 经营巴士公司的种族主义者
107	did not give two sugars about the moral dignity of black Americans.	并没有给美国黑人的道德尊严带来两个好处。
108	It worked because it hurt.	它工作是因为它伤害。
109	The economic damage was immediate, measurable, and unignorable.	经济损失是立即的、可衡量的和不可忽视的。
110	Now, the more modern equivalent	现在,更现代的等价
111	is the boycotts against Coca-Cola, Mackeys, and Starbucks.	是抵制可口可乐、麦基和星巴克的抵制活动。
112	Last year, McDonald's reported the first global sales decline since 2020.	去年,麦当劳报道了自2020年以来全球首个销量下降的情况.
113	Net profit down by 12 points.	净利降十二分.
114	Starbucks saw international sales plummet by 23%.	星巴克国际销量暴跌23%.
115	Over $1 billion lost in revenues.	收入损失超过10亿美元。
116	Not good.	情况不妙
117	Yet, McDonald's still serves 70 million people every day.	然而,麦当劳仍然每天为7000万人服务.
118	Starbucks opens new stores.	星巴克开新店.
119	The underlying structure, the institutional capital,	基本结构、机构资本、
120	and supply chains remain completely undisturbed.	供应链仍然完全不受干扰。
121	When he organized at 26-year-old,	当他组织26岁,
122	when Martin Luther King organized	当马丁・路德・金组织
123	the Birmingham bus boycotts in Montgomery,	伯明翰巴士在蒙哥马利的抵制,
124	he did something that broke the system in a way that could not be repaired.	他做了一些无法修复的破坏系统的事
125	Today's boycotts scratch a surface that repairs itself overnight.	今天的抵制刮了表面修复自己一夜。
126	The mechanism is not broken because young people have become less committed.	该机制没有被打破,因为年轻人已变得不那么坚定。
127	It's broken because the architectural power, especially in the West,	因为它的建筑力,特别是在西方,
128	has rebuilt itself to absorb the protest	重建了自己吸收抗议
129	without conceding any amount of substance.	不放弃任何数量的物质。
130	I saw this first hand in 2020.	我在2020年看到了这个第一手。
131	I remember, at the height of Covid,	我记得,在科维德峰顶,
132	we watched with righteous anger	我们用正义的愤怒看着
133	and the pandemonium erupting from the dark 8-minute,	和从黑暗中发出的烈火,
134	15-second clip of a man's life	15秒的片段一个人的生活
135	drained away by forces intending to protect him,	被准备保护他的军队消耗殆尽,
136	pressing their knee on the neck of a 46-year-old father	在46岁父亲的脖子上按膝盖
137	watching, doing nothing as the life drained out of him.	看着,不做任何事情像他的生命耗尽。
138	Across America, riots erupted.	在美国各地,暴动爆发.
139	Conversations sparked globally about the legacy of racism.	关于种族主义遗留下来的问题,全球都进行了交谈。
140	In parallel, here in Oxford, thousands gathered	与此同时,在牛津,数千人聚集
141	outside Orwell College with the high street filled from Carfax to Mordling Bridge.	在Orwell学院外面从卡法克斯到莫德林桥的街道上
142	I was there, town and gown came together.	我当时在场,镇上和长袍都在一起
143	We, amongst many things, demanded that a statue of Rose be brought down	在很多事情中,我们要求把玫瑰雕像倒下
144	and relocated to a museum, a site of proper historical reckoning.	并搬迁到一个博物馆, 一个适当的历史评估地点。
145	Orwell's governing body agreed.	奥威尔的管理机构同意了.
146	The independent commission agreed with them.	独立委员会同意他们的意见。
147	But then word got out our wants were being mischaracterised	但后来消息传出去我们的欲望被错认了
148	and Orwell faced donors threatening to seize	奥威尔面临捐助者威胁要夺取
149	what would amount to £100 million in donation.	相当于一亿英镑的捐款。
150	And a committee was convened to federally told us to wait.	然后召集了一个委员会要求我们等
151	The committee knew that a passion of students had an expiry date.	委员会知道,对学生的热情有终止日期。
152	The intensity of Black Lives Matter would eventually subside	黑生命物质的强度最终会减弱
153	and students who much had about two years left before the final exams	以及那些在期末考试前已经过了两年的学生
154	are entering into the new worlds.	进入了新的世界
155	They knew that with enough process, enough delay,	他们知道只要有足够的过程足够的延迟
156	the most informed and passionate voices would be gone and graduated.	最有知觉和热情的声音将会消失和毕业。
157	And they were right.	他们是对的。
158	It's a decade later since the first wave of the world's most forward protest in Oxford.	十年后,在牛津爆发了全球最前瞻抗议的第一波.
159	That statue still remains.	那雕像还留下
160	Before I conclude, I want to make clear	在结束发言之前,我想说明
161	that I don't want to be right about tonight's motion	我不想对今晚的动议说对
162	because I lived in a small way on the other side of it.	因为我住在另一边
163	And like many in this room, I believed genuinely	和这房间里的很多人一样我真心相信
164	that the energy on the protest and on the picket line could change something.	抗议和纠察线上的能量可以改变什么。
165	And sometimes it did and some of it didn't.	有时,它做到了,有些没有。
166	Now, many years later, sitting in committees and in meetings	现在,许多年后, 参加委员会和会议
167	where actual decisions get made,	在作出实际决定时,
168	you see the distance between passion and policy	你可以看到激情和政策之间的距离
169	is not really a matter of willpower.	这其实不是意志力的问题。
170	It's really a matter of structure.	这其实是一个结构问题。
171	Good people enter politics, good people sit in boardrooms,	好人进入政治,好人坐在会议室,
172	and the gap between what they believe and what they do	和他们所信仰的,和他们所行的,
173	is not necessarily ill will or malice.	不一定是恶意或恶意的。
174	It's the product of a system that is not built for voices not trying to use it.	它是一个系统的产品,它不是为不尝试使用的声音而建造的.
175	To conclude, I prefer a world in which we would see youth activism	最后,我更希望有一个世界,让我们看到青年的积极性。
176	over one in which we merely debate its impact.	我们只是辩论它的影响。
177	I prefer a world in which we enable young people to articulate what they think,	我更喜欢一个能让年轻人表达自己想法的世界,
178	perhaps through the use of the Vox Pop app,	也许通过使用 Vox Pop 应用程序,
179	over one in which we fixate on how we get torn down.	在一个我们确定如何被撕毁。
180	But unfortunately, my preferences do not change the status quo.	但不幸的是,我的偏好并没有改变现状。
181	The circumstances we find ourselves today	我们今天的处境
182	demand that we name the issues before we can escape it.	要求我们先列出问题,然后才能逃脱。
183	When I asked this Our House to vote with a proposition tonight,	当我要求我们家今晚投票时
184	I'm not asking you to agree that activism has failed.	我不是要你同意行动失败
185	I'm asking you to agree that we have failed it.	我请你同意我们失败了
186	The motion stands, but let it not stand as a demand,	动议是站着的,但不要要求它,
187	but rather, but let it stand as a demand than rather a verdict.	而不是判决
188	A challenge to each and every one of you in this House.	挑战你们每个人
189	Vote with us tonight, not because youth activism has failed,	今晚和我们一起投票不是因为青年运动失败了
190	but because, regrettably, we have.	但令人遗憾的是,我们做到了。
191	It's about damn time we do something about it.	我们该做点什么了
192	Thank you.	谢谢
193	Thank you very much for that incredible speech, Michael.	非常感谢你的演讲迈克尔
194	Opening the case on side opposition is Fiona Lali.	菲奥娜·拉利是旁观者
195	Thank you.	谢谢
196	Protests, mass movements, even revolutions,	抗议,群众运动,甚至革命,
197	are unfolding all over the world today,	今天全世界都在发展,
198	and everywhere you look, young people are at the forefront.	你所看到的每一个地方,年轻人都站在前列。
199	The world is changing, there is no doubt about that,	世界正在发生变化,毫无疑问,
200	and it is changing fast.	变化很快
201	I think everyone can feel as though there is something in the air.	我想每个人都能感觉到空气里有东西
202	I would say the world is on fire,	我想说世界着火了,
203	and we are seeing this expressed through the Gen Z revolution.	而我们正看到这个表达通过源Z革命。
204	We have seen the Gen Z revolution in partial or in full	我们部分地或全部地看到Gen Z革命
205	in a number of different countries.	在一些不同国家。
206	We have seen this in Sri Lanka, in Bangladesh, in Kenya,	我们曾在斯里兰卡、孟加拉国、肯尼亚看到过这种情况。
207	in Nepal, in Indonesia, in Madagascar, in Peru,	在尼泊尔、印度尼西亚、马达加斯加、秘鲁
208	in Morocco, East Timor, the Philippines, Paraguay, Ecuador.	在摩洛哥、东帝汶、菲律宾、巴拉圭、厄瓜多尔。
209	In all of these places, we are seeing young people surge	在所有这些地方,我们看到年轻人激增
210	to the forefront of their lives to try and change what is happening.	努力改变正在发生的一切。
211	We are seeing thousands, tens of thousands, even millions of people	我们看到成千上万,成千上万,甚至数百万人
212	take to the streets, even burning down parliament buildings,	走上街头,甚至烧毁议会大楼,
213	forcing politicians to flee.	迫使政客们逃离。
214	In a lot of these places, these students, very, very young,	在很多这些地方, 这些学生,非常,非常年轻,
215	are risking their lives in the process.	他们冒着生命危险
216	In the summer of 2024, when the revolution was taking place in Bangladesh,	2024年夏天,孟加拉国发生革命,
217	I spoke with students who were watching people being shot in the street,	我和那些在街上看到有人被枪杀的学生谈过
218	fighting for democracy against the hated Hasina regime.	与仇恨的哈西娜政权争夺民主
219	Now, a revolution can be described as the masses taking control of their own destiny.	现在,一场革命可以说是控制自己命运的群众.
220	There's nothing performative about that.	这没什么好表演的
221	In fact, it's probably the most democratic real thing anyone can do with their life	事实上,这可能是最民主的真正的事情任何人都可以做他们的生活
222	in comparison to the false democracy, the false choices	比起假民主假选择
223	that capitalism puts on all of us every single day.	资本主义使我们所有人每天都有。
224	And we've seen that be victorious in places like Bangladesh,	我们看到在孟加拉国这样的地方是胜利的
225	in places like Nepal, where entire governments have fallen.	在尼泊尔等地,整个政府都垮台了。
226	But I also want to concentrate on the West.	但我也想专注于西方。
227	I want to argue that this Gen Z revolutionary wave has an expression in the West as well,	我想说,这个源Z革命浪潮在西方也有一种表达,
228	despite what the speaker was saying before me.	尽管我前面的发言者说了什么
229	Last year in October in Italy, we saw a general strike take place for Palestine.	去年十月在意大利,我们看到巴勒斯坦发生了一次总罢工。
230	That is phenomenal.	这是惊人的。
231	Up to two million people took to the streets,	多达200万人走上街头
232	and this included school students walking out of school,	这包括学生走出学校,
233	university students, and young workers.	大学生和青年工人。
234	Think about a general strike taking place,	想想一场总罢工
235	a political general strike over international solidarity against imperialism.	一场反对帝国主义的国际团结的政治总罢工。
236	I cannot think of a comparison of something like that happening,	我无法想出一个比较这样的事情发生,
237	definitely not in recent history.	当然不是近代史上
238	And that was despite all of the pressure of the Italian government,	尽管意大利政府施压,
239	of Maloney telling those students, telling those young people,	马洛尼告诉那些学生告诉那些年轻人
240	what you're doing doesn't matter, and this is performative.	你所做的并不重要, 这是表演性的。
241	In Minneapolis this year, we've seen the same thing.	今年在明尼阿波利斯,我们也看到了同样的事情.
242	Young people, young workers, students en masse forcing ICE out of their neighborhoods.	年轻人,青年工人,学生大规模地迫使ICE离开他们的社区.
243	The point is this, revolutions are in fact a law of history,	重点是革命其实是历史法则
244	and we are living in revolutionary times.	我们生活在革命时期
245	And in every revolution that you look at,	在你们所看到的每一次革命中,
246	you will see young people trying in different ways,	你将看见年轻人以不同的方式尝试,
247	in different concepts, trying to change what they are seeing in front of them.	在不同的观念中,试图改变他们眼前所看到的一切。
248	And those revolutionary times, those revolutions,	那些革命时期那些革命
249	are not the product of influencers, they're not the product of TikTok.	不是影响者的产物也不是TikTok的产物
250	They are the product of the system that those people are living in	它们是这些人生活在
251	and going into crisis.	并陷入危机。
252	And today that means the crisis of the capitalist system.	而今天这意味着资本主义制度的危机.
253	The post-2008 generation of youth have only ever seen capitalism in crisis.	2008年后的一代青年只见过资本主义陷入危机。
254	What does that mean?	这是什么意思?
255	That means this system has only given them austerity, pandemics, war, genocide,	这意味着这个制度只给他们紧缩,流行病,战争,种族灭绝,
256	climate chaos, and then more austerity, more war,	气候混乱,然后更多的紧缩,更多的战争,
257	and now governments across Europe are telling young people,	现在欧洲各国政府都在告诉年轻人,
258	you should join the army.	你应该参军。
259	In fact, they're trying to implement conscription.	实际上,他们试图实行征兵.
260	And how have youth responded to that?	青年是如何对此作出反应的?
261	Well, we've seen just in the last week 50,000 students in Germany coming out	上周德国有5万名学生出来
262	to fight against the forced attempts from the government.	对抗政府强迫的企图
263	All of these things have different amounts of success.	所有这些事情都有不同程度的成功.
264	Revolutions do not drop from the sky.	革命不会从天而降。
265	I would say revolutions are the accumulation of 1,001 different events,	我想说革命是1 001起不同事件的积累,
266	1,001 different forms of activism, in fact,	1 001种不同的活动形式,事实上,
267	that build up over a period of time into the consciousness of the masses.	在一段时间内, 形成大众的意识。
268	When a tipping point is reached, you see young people go to the forefront.	当到达临界点时,你可以看到年轻人走在前面。
269	And why is it young people?	为什么是年轻人?
270	Why are they so often at the forefront of these movements?	为什么他们经常站在这些运动的前列?
271	I would say it's because they have the most to lose,	我想是因为他们损失最多
272	and they are not burdened by cynicism or defeats of the past	他们没有因嫉恨或失败而负累,
273	or the ideas that older people and the ruling class	或老人和统治阶级的想法
274	and university professors try to promote.	大学教授也试图晋升
275	I think this mood, this Gen Z revolutionary wave,	我认为这种情绪, 这个源Z革命浪潮,
276	I think this exists in Britain as well.	我认为这在英国也是存在的。
277	Again, not because of social media,	同样,不是因为社交媒体,
278	but because of the real course of events that people are living through.	但因为人们所经历的事件的真实过程。
279	And I think you can look at the Labour government	我想你可以看看工党政府
280	as a partial reflection of this as well.	也反映了这一点。
281	The Labour government, just in the last week,	工党政府就在上周
282	has suffered huge defeats in the local elections,	在地方选举中惨败
283	not just them, the Conservatives as well.	不仅仅是他们,保守派也一样。
284	We are living through the end of the two-party system.	我们正在经历两党制的终结。
285	Now, the British Parliament used to be the mother of all Parliaments.	现在,英国议会曾经是所有议会的母亲.
286	The Conservatives were considered the most stable bourgeois party in the world.	保守党被认为是世界上最稳定的资产阶级政党.
287	They were the envy of parties all over the place.	到处都是派对的嫉妒
288	But all of that is gone.	但这一切都消失了。
289	So the question is, how did we get here?	所以问题是,我们怎么来到这里的?
290	There's so many different forms of activism	有很多不同的活动形式
291	that have existed in Britain in the last 10 years.	过去10年在英国存在
292	And my argument is that all of this has led	我的论点是这一切导致了
293	to the current situation that we are in today.	我们目前的状况。
294	There's an entire process, from the school student climate strikes,	整个过程,从学生的气候罢工,
295	from Black Lives Matter, from strike waves,	从黑色生命物质, 从冲击波,
296	to, yes, the phenomenal Palestine movement	对,是的,令人惊叹的巴勒斯坦运动
297	that has erupted over the last two to three years.	这在过去两三年中已经爆发。
298	It's existed for a long time before that,	它存在很久之前,
299	but it has had a concentration in the last two years as well,	但它在过去两年里也集中了起来,
300	including the university encampments.	包括大学营地。
301	All of that has played a role in developing the consciousness	所有这一切在培养意识方面发挥了作用
302	that has led people to hate the Labour Party today in one form or another,	导致人们今天恨工党的形式,
303	and that has in part led to their defeat in the local elections.	这在一定程度上导致了他们在地方选举中的失败。
304	This is the molecular process of revolution.	这是革命的分子过程。
305	It doesn't happen in a straight line,	它不会发生在一个直线上,
306	but it takes place in different ways.	但它是在不同的方式发生的。
307	So there is no blueprint for activism,	因此,没有行动蓝图,
308	and there is no blueprint for revolution.	没有革命的蓝图。
309	People are trying to express themselves.	人们试图表达自己。
310	Some of it makes a huge difference immediately.	其中一些会立即产生巨大的变化。
311	Some of it may not, but it's part of a wave.	有些可能不是,但是是波浪的一部分.
312	It's part of a wave, and you can sneer at it,	这是波浪的一部分,你可以嘲笑它,
313	but you cannot stop the wave that is coming	但你无法阻止即将来临的浪潮
314	because it's not being driven by abstract thought.	因为它不是被抽象思想驱动。
315	It's not being driven by social media.	这不是由社交媒体驱动的.
316	It is being driven by a law of history.	它受到历史法的驱使。
317	While others sneer, we will build.	在别人嘲笑的时候,我们将建设。
318	Those of us who do study revolutions,	我们这些研究革命的人
319	those of us who do believe in the power of activism	相信行动力量的人
320	when it is connected with revolutionary ideas,	当它与革命思想有关,
321	we can ride that wave.	我们可以骑那波。
322	My argument is that people don't spark revolutions.	我的论点是,人们不会引发革命。
323	It is systems in crisis that do,	危机中的系统才是
324	and it is that system today	今天就是这个系统
325	that is creating this revolutionary wave.	制造了这场革命性的浪潮。
326	But I also make this argument as a communist,	但我也以共产主义者的身份提出这个论点,
327	which is that for all of this activism to truly be worthwhile,	也就是所有这种活动都是值得的
328	from Palestine to austerity to the climate crisis,	从巴勒斯坦到紧缩到气候危机,
329	it has to be connected to the source of the problem,	它必须连接到问题的根源,
330	which is the capitalist system itself.	这是资本主义制度本身。
331	Marx said to be radical is to grasp the root of the matter,	马克思说激进就是抓住问题的根源,
332	and Lenin once said that with one generation of youth,	和列宁曾经说过,有一代青春,
333	you can change the entire world.	你可以改变整个世界
334	Now, no one could accuse Marx or Lenin of being performative.	现在,没有人可以指责马克思和列宁是表演性的.
335	I would say, in fact, their ideas did change the world,	我想说,事实上,他们的想法确实改变了世界,
336	and their ideas can inspire the youth to do so again today.	他们的想法可以激励年轻人今天再次这样做。
337	This is the point.	这就是重点。
338	The question is not activism in isolation,	问题不是孤立地行动
339	but activism connected with the right revolutionary ideas	但与正确的革命思想有关的行动主义
340	and the right theory.	和正确的理论。
341	In fact, ideas can become a material force,	事实上,思想可以成为一种物质力量,
342	can become a material weapon	成为物质武器
343	when they grip the minds of the masses.	当他们抓住大众的思想。
344	That has been proven by history.	历史证明了这一点。
345	And so I repeat, the most important question today	所以我重复,今天最重要的问题
346	for you to consider is not whether or not	你考虑的不是是否
347	the youth are performative	青春是表演的
348	or whether their action is performative,	或他们的行为是否有效,
349	but how do we take what sits in their gut,	但是,我们如何采取什么坐在他们的肚子,
350	which is the product of this system in crisis	这是这个系统在危机中的成果
351	that is making them feel, I want to change things?	让他们觉得我想改变一切?
352	How do we transform the feeling in their gut into real power?	我们如何将他们内心的感觉转化为真正的力量?
353	How do we pose a program to revolutionary youth	我们如何向革命青年提出方案
354	who are surging all around the world	他们正在世界各地飙升
355	from Nepal to Bangladesh to Italy to Britain?	从尼泊尔到孟加拉国到意大利到英国?
356	How do we transform that into a program	我们怎么把它变成一个程序
357	that can actually change the world?	这能真正改变世界?
358	And I'll end on this point.	我到此结束
359	We are not outnumbered.	我们的人数没有超过。
360	We are outorganized.	我们没有组织
361	Thank you.	谢谢
362	Thank you very much for that speech, Fiona.	非常感谢你的演讲 Fiona
363	Speaking second on proposition is Mr. James Kerjic.	詹姆斯・柯吉先生是第二位
364	Thank you.	谢谢
365	It's really an honor to be here.	很荣幸能来这
366	There's a tendency to romanticize the idealism of young people,	有一种将年轻人的理想主义浪漫化的趋势,
367	to believe that when young people speak, we better listen.	相信当年轻人说话,我们最好听。
368	Otherwise, we'll end up on that ethereal, hellish place	不然,我们到那个地狱的地方去
369	known as the wrong side of history.	被称为历史的错误方面。
370	There's something admirable in this attitude,	这种态度令人钦佩
371	requiring, as it does, humility on the part of us older folks	要求我们老人谦卑
372	who have really mucked things up.	他们把事情弄得一团糟
373	Ladies and gentlemen, tonight I ask you to entertain	女士们,先生们,今晚我请你们娱乐
374	the daring and provocative thesis that people not old enough	大胆和挑衅性的理论认为人们年龄不够大
375	to rent a car or pay a mortgage or who are so lacking	租车或支付抵押贷款的人或如此缺乏贷款的人
376	in the knowledge that experience endows,	在知识体验恩泽,
377	that these people might not always know	这些人可能并不总是知道
378	what they're talking about.	他们在说什么?
379	And stemming from this proposition,	根据这个提议,
380	that their method of protesting society's ills are, for the most part,	他们抗议社会弊病的方法大部分是
381	not substantive but performative in nature.	不是实质性的,而是具有执行性。
382	A recent kerfuffle in the United States offers an excellent example	美国最近发生的一场危机提供了一个很好的例子
383	of why we must endorse this proposition.	我们为什么必须赞同这一提议。
384	Earlier this month, the student government at New York University	本月早些时候,纽约大学的学生政府
385	sent a letter to the school's leaders protesting the selection	给学校领导发了一封信抗议这次选拔
386	of Professor Jonathan Haidt as their commencement speaker.	乔纳森教授海特是他们的开场白
387	Professor Haidt is a distinguished social psychologist	Haidt教授是一位杰出的社会心理学家
388	and co-author of the seminal book, The Coddling of the American Mind,	并共同撰写了开创性著作《美国思想的调和》,
389	which, as its title suggests, critiques the ways in which schools	正如其标题所示,它批评了学校的教学方式。
390	have inculcated a mindset of fragility among their students,	在学生中灌输了一种脆弱的心态,
391	prioritizing feelings of safety over the habits of mind	将安全感置于心理习惯之上
392	that produce real-world problem-solving skills.	产生现实世界解决问题的技能。
393	Many students have reported feelings of disappointment, disgust,	许多学生都表示失望和厌恶
394	enthusiasm, defeat, and embarrassment at Haidt's selection,	热情,失败,和尴尬海德的选择,
395	the letter read.	信读。
396	Was he the safest option, considering the current political climate	考虑到目前的政治气候他是否是最安全的选择
397	and his critiques of liberal ideology?	以及他对自由主义思想的批评?
398	The student leaders at one of America's top universities	美国顶尖大学的学生领袖
399	protesting the speech of a professor who argues that young people	抗议一位教授的演讲,
400	have become too oversensitive.	已经变得过于敏感。
401	Professor Haidt could not have asked for a better endorsement of his work.	教授 Haidt不可能要求更好地认可他的工作。
402	Ladies and gentlemen, youth activism was not always like this.	女士们,先生们,青年运动并不总是这样。
403	Just look at history and you will find that the great protest movements	看看历史你会发现伟大的抗议运动
404	of yore involved principled young people making enormous sacrifices	有原则的年轻人做出巨大的牺牲
405	on behalf of worthy causes.	代表有价值的事业。
406	Suffragettes in this country were sent to prison	这个国家的萨夫拉格特人被送进了监狱
407	and undertook hunger strikes to obtain the right to vote.	为了获得投票权而绝食。
408	Participants in the African-American civil rights movement	非裔美国人民权运动参与者
409	risked, and in some cases lost their lives, fighting for equality.	为了平等而斗争,他们冒着风险,有时还丧生。
410	Today's youth activists, by contrast, are more interested in	相比之下,今天的青年活动家对
411	raising awareness, providing allyship, and holding space,	提高认识、提供盟友和空间,
412	whatever the hell that means,	不管这是什么意思
413	than they are undertaking the slow, painful work	他们必定要从事缓慢而痛苦的工作,
414	necessary to bring about meaningful social change.	实现有意义的社会变革所必需的。
415	They seek spectacle, not progress.	他们追求的是场面,而不是进步。
416	The purpose of their protest isn't to persuade, but to perform.	他们抗议的目的不是劝说,而是表演.
417	To be sure, you will be hearing from speakers this evening	当然,你今晚会听到演讲
418	whose activism is decidedly not performative.	他们的活动是绝对不起作用的。
419	To endorse the proposition, however,	但是,为了赞同这一提议,
420	you need not believe that all youth activism is performative,	你不必相信所有的青年活动都是有表演性的,
421	just the lion's share of it.	只有狮子的份量
422	I mean no disrespect to Mr. Lamachein and Moritz	我不是说不尊重拉马申先生和莫里茨
423	when I say that their laudable campaigns for responsible government in Nepal	当我说,他们值得称道的运动在尼泊尔负责任的政府
424	and gay rights in Florida, respectively,	以及佛罗里达州的同性恋权利,
425	are not representative of youth protests today.	并不是今天的青年抗议活动。
426	Fiona, on the other hand, later in the evening	菲奥娜,另一方面,晚上晚些时候
427	in revolutionary communist spirit,	以革命的共产主义精神,
428	will be negating the resolution	将否定决议
429	by herding the proposition speakers into the basement,	藉由把讲演者放进地下室
430	lining us up against the wall for summary execution.	把我们排在墙上,以便立即处决。
431	For another example of protest that is not performative,	抗议的另外一个例子是,
432	and so contrary in spirit to the youth protest of today,	与今天的青年抗议精神相反,
433	come with me to visit sunny California in 1978.	1978年和我一起去阳光灿烂的加州
434	A young gay activist named David Mixner	一个叫David Mixner的同性恋青年活动家
435	was leading the campaign against a referendum	正在领导反对全民公决的运动
436	that would have banned gay teachers in public schools.	那会禁止公立学校的同性恋教师
437	Two months before the election,	在选举前两个月
438	polls showed that the initiative was winning by a two-to-one margin.	民意调查显示该举措以2比1的比分获胜.
439	Figuring he had nothing to lose,	不知道他有什么可失去的
440	Mixner reached out to an unlikely figure,	Mixner联系到一个不太可能的数字,
441	the popular former two-term governor of California,	受欢迎的前两届加利福尼亚州长,
442	conservative icon,	保守的图标,
443	and all but official 1980 Republican presidential candidate Ronald Reagan.	除了正式的1980年共和党总统候选人罗纳德·里根
444	In their meeting together,	在他们见面时
445	kept secret so that neither man's constituency could spoil it,	保守秘密,以免任何人的选区破坏它,
446	Mixner, who was a young left-wing anti-Vietnam war activist,	Mixner,他是一个年轻的左翼反越南战争活动家,
447	appealed to Ronald Reagan's small government sensibilities	向罗纳德·里根的小政府的敏感度
448	and pensions for law and order.	以及法律和秩序的养老金。
449	Were this initiative to pass, Mixner warned,	如果这个倡议通过,Mixner警告,
450	students would lodge scurrilous accusations of homosexuality	学生会提出污蔑性的同性恋指控
451	against their teachers.	对抗他们的老师。
452	Innocent people would have their reputations destroyed.	无辜的人会让自己的名声受到破坏。
453	Classrooms would devolve into anarchy,	教室会变成无政府状态
454	a word Mixner carefully chose to elicit an emotional reaction from Reagan,	Mixner小心翼翼地选择了一个词来引起里根的情绪反应,
455	who had used that same word to describe	他们用同一个词来形容
456	radical student activists at the University of California at Berkeley.	加州大学伯克利分校的激进学生活动家.
457	Mixner, who passed away two years ago,	两年前去世的米克斯纳
458	he told me before he died that he had no idea leaving that meeting	他死前告诉我他不知道离开那次会议
459	whether he had convinced Ronald Reagan.	他是否说服了罗纳德·里根
460	The future president was campaigning heavily for the religious right vote,	未来的总统正在大力竞选宗教权利投票,
461	and he had every reason to support a prohibition on gay teachers,	他有充分的理由支持禁止同性恋老师
462	or at the very least, staying silent.	或至少保持沉默。
463	A week before the election, however,	然而,在选举前一周,
464	Reagan came out, so to speak, against the initiative.	里根出来,所以说,反对这个倡议.
465	Literally overnight, the polls flipped,	民意测验在一夜之间翻转
466	and the measure lost by nearly the same margin	和损失的几乎相等的比额
467	that it was going to win by before Reagan intervened.	在里根介入之前它会获胜
468	This is how activism is supposed to work in a free society,	这就是行动主义在自由社会中如何运作,
469	communicating with an ideological adversary	与意识形态对手沟通
470	and persuading them to accept your point of view.	说服他们接受你的观点
471	It's what we're doing here this very evening.	这是我们今晚在这里做的事
472	Unfortunately, this approach is considered heresy	不幸的是,这种做法被认为是异端
473	by the majority of today's youth activists,	今天大多数的青年活动家,
474	who argue for absolutist positions,	他们主张专制立场,
475	employ maximalist demands,	使用最大的要求,
476	and denounce any sign of compromise or moderation as treason.	并谴责任何妥协或温和的迹象为叛国。
477	I don't have time, I'm sorry.	我没有时间,对不起。
478	According to the Philadelphia-based Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression,	根据费城个人权利和表达基金会,
479	an overwhelming majority of American college students, 72%,	绝大多数美国大学生,72%,
480	believe that shouting down a speaker is justified.	认为大喊大叫是有道理的
481	I don't have time, they only gave me,	我没有时间,他们只给我,
482	they told me I had 12 minutes and now I have six, I'm sorry.	他们告诉我,我有12分钟现在我有6分钟,我很抱歉。
483	Meet me after the debate in the bar.	在酒吧辩论后见
484	The practice of banning speakers deemed unacceptable	禁止发言者的做法被认为不可接受
485	has been an official policy of this country's	这个国家的官方政策是
486	National Union of Students since 1974,	1974年起,全国学生联盟.
487	and I just learned today that there's a big campaign	我今天才知道有个大运动
488	trying to ban Tommy Robinson from speaking here.	试图禁止汤米・罗宾逊在这里发言。
489	The apotheosis of performative activism is Greta Thunberg,	表演性活动的代言人是格丽塔·汤伯格
490	Gen Z's answer to Joan of Arc.	源兹答贞德曰.
491	The daughter of an actor and an opera singer,	一个演员和歌剧歌手的女儿,
492	Thunberg achieved international fame at the tender age of 15	桑伯格在15岁时取得了国际名声
493	when she stopped going to school in protest of climate change.	她为了抗议气候变化而停止上学
494	The cause of climate change, having lost its cachet among the general public, however,	然而,气候变化的起因由于在公众中失去了缓存,
495	Thunberg has moved on to other causes.	汤伯格已经转向其他事业.
496	In earlier this year, she conclusively confirmed	今年早些时候,她最后确认
497	that her climate activism had all been performance	她的气候活动都表现得很好
498	when she demanded that Donald Trump lift the American blockade on Cuba	她要求唐纳德·特朗普解除美国对古巴的封锁
499	in order for oil to arrive on the islands.	为了让石油到达岛上
500	How much time do I have?	我还有多少时间?
501	Two minutes, okay.	两分钟,好吧。
502	Now, ladies and gentlemen, I've already said twice, I don't have time.	女士们先生们我已经说过两次了我没有时间
503	To determine whether today's youth activism is primarily performative,	为了确定今天的青年活动是否主要表现,
504	we must consider the principal cause of youth activists,	我们必须考虑青年活动者的主要事业,
505	and that is the Palestine movement.	这就是巴勒斯坦运动。
506	Within hours of the massacre of October 7th,	在10月7日屠杀后的数小时内
507	before Israel had even responded,	在以色列还没有答复之前,
508	student groups at universities around the world released statements	世界各地大学的学生团体发表了声明
509	endorsing the massacre.	赞同大屠杀。
510	Students for Justice in Palestine,	巴勒斯坦学生争取正义组织
511	the main organizer behind the protests in my country,	我国抗议的主要组织者
512	called the mass murder, torture, and rape of 1,200 Israelis	大规模谋杀、酷刑和强奸1 200名以色列人
513	the largest single-day massacre of Jews since the Holocaust.	自大屠杀以来最大的犹太人大屠杀。
514	They called it a historic win for the Palestinian resistance.	他们称之为巴勒斯坦抵抗运动的历史性胜利。
515	Ladies and gentlemen, if you protest a war,	女士们,先生们,如果你们抗议战争,
516	but refuse to condemn the side that started it,	但不愿谴责始发者,
517	if you vilify the military methods of the country that was attacked,	如果你诬蔑被袭击的国家的军事方法
518	but not those of the terrorist organization that carries out policies	但不包括执行政策的恐怖组织成员
519	to maximize civilian casualties among their own people,	尽量扩大本国人民的平民伤亡,
520	if you do that, you are at the very least a useful idiot,	如果你这样做, 你至少是一个有用的白痴,
521	and at worst, a willing accomplice of terrorism.	最糟糕的是恐怖主义的帮凶
522	If you declined to call upon Hamas to release the 251 hostages,	如果你拒绝呼吁哈马斯释放251名人质,
523	which would have ended the war immediately,	它会立即结束战争,
524	you are not anti-war, you are not anti-war, you're picking a side.	你不是反战,你不是反战,你选择一边。
525	And yet, Madam President, despite their tacit support for Hamas,	然而,主席女士,尽管他们默认支持哈马斯,
526	despite chanting the genocidal phrase, globalize the intifada,	尽管高呼种族灭绝的口号,
527	it appears that the youth who claim to be for Palestinians	看来自称为巴勒斯坦人的年轻人
528	aren't willing to put their bodies on the line	不想让他们的身体上线
529	in the same way as the terrorists whose tactics they defend.	和他们所捍卫的战术一样
530	Samuel Williams, the student of this institution,	塞缪尔・威廉姆斯,这个机构的学生,
531	who was videotaped chanting, put Zios in the ground.	将齐奥斯埋在地上
532	He doesn't have the courage of his evil convictions.	他没有他的邪恶信念的勇气.
533	He hasn't gone around killing Jews.	他没有到处杀犹太人
534	This is not to downplay the destructive and sometimes violent acts	这不是要轻描淡写破坏性的,有时暴力的行为
535	that some youth protesters have taken,	一些青年抗议者认为,
536	nor am I goading these activists to undertake violent actions	我也不鼓励他们采取暴力行动
537	to prove their sincerity.	证明他们的诚意。
538	We should be grateful that they're not blowing themselves up.	我们应该感激他们没炸掉自己
539	We should be grateful that they're not going out	我们应该感激他们没出去
540	stabbing Jews left and right.	刺犹太人左右.
541	But for the purposes of this debate, ladies and gentlemen,	但为了这次辩论, 女士们,先生们,
542	the hypocrisy of these activists shows that their protest,	这些活动家的伪善表明他们的抗议,
543	as the resolution states, is primarily performative.	正如决议所指出,主要是执行性的。
544	Consider the demonstrations that took place at Columbia University,	想想哥伦比亚大学发生的示威游行,
545	ground zero for the encampments in the United States.	地面0,在美国的营地。
546	It was hard to tell at times whether the actions that we saw taking place	有时很难分辨我们所看到的行动
547	were authentic or some kind of right-wing performance art.	是真正的或某种右翼表演艺术。
548	Standing outside the library that they had violently occupied,	站在他们暴力占领的图书馆外面
549	a representative for the student protesters demanded	学生抗议者要求的代表
550	that the university provide them basic humanitarian aid,	大学为他们提供基本人道主义援助,
551	otherwise they would die of dehydration and starvation.	否则他们会死于脱水和饥饿。
552	Columbia was obliged to provide food for students	哥伦比亚有义务为学生提供食物
553	who were illegally occupying the library	非法占用图书馆的人
554	because they had paid for meal plants.	因为他们付了食用植物的钱
555	Ladies and gentlemen, civil rights activists bled and died for the right to vote.	女士们,先生们,民权活动家流血,为了选举权而牺牲.
556	Gay rights activists risked their livelihoods and personal safety	同性恋权利活动者冒着生计和人身安全的风险
557	to advocate for equality under the law.	依法倡导平等。
558	Today's youth activists, they're not even willing to give up lunch.	今天的青年活动家,甚至不愿意放弃午餐.
559	To mention the youth activists of the past and those of today	提到过去和今天的青年活动家
560	is a form of sacrilege, ladies and gentlemen.	是一种亵渎,女士们,先生们。
561	The former made great sacrifices in the furtherance of noble causes,	前者为推进崇高事业作出了巨大牺牲,
562	while the latter skipped school to partake in activities	后者跳过学校参加活动
563	like advocating for the destruction of the world's only Jewish state	就像主张毁灭世界上唯一的犹太国家
564	or calling JK Rowling a Nazi.	或者称JK罗林为纳粹
565	They've junked the glorious tradition of William Wilberforce,	他们破坏了威廉·威尔伯福斯的光荣传统
566	Martin Luther King, and David Mixner.	马丁·路德·金和大卫·米克斯纳.
567	They've junked that great tradition of meaningful protest	他们破坏了这个伟大的传统有意义的抗议
568	for the theatrics of an attention-starved, dilettantesque, Swedish truant.	在戏剧中,一个注意力匮乏, 迪莱坦特斯克,瑞典逃学。
569	To paraphrase that great Englishman,	用那个伟大的英国人的话来说
570	today's youth protesters fret and strut upon a stage	今天的青年抗议者们在舞台上苦恼和挣扎
571	full of sound and fury, their bluster and righteous certitude signifying nothing.	充满了声音和愤怒, 他们粗鲁和正直的信念, 没有任何意义。
572	Thank you.	谢谢
573	Thank you for that speech.	谢谢你的演讲
574	Can I please have silence in the chamber?	我能安静一下吗?
575	I now call upon the second speaker on side proposition, opposition, sorry,	我现在请第二位发言的副手、反对者、抱歉,
576	Shaswar Lamechani.	沙斯瓦尔·拉梅查尼.
577	Wow.	珃
578	Madam President and ladies and gentlemen of this house,	总统女士,女士们,先生们,
579	I'm going to be honest, had I been invited over a year ago,	老实说如果一年前我被邀请了
580	I might have sided with the proposition.	我可能会支持这个提议
581	Because it is so easy to skip past what activism really is,	因为这很容易跳过什么活动到底是什么,
582	throw ten criticisms at it, and call that analysis.	提出十点批评,并称之为分析。
583	So today, I want to talk to you about what activism really is	所以今天,我想跟你谈谈真正的活动是什么
584	from an insider perspective.	从内幕的角度
585	And I trust you to make the best adjustment possible.	我相信你能做出最好的调整
586	But before I do anything else, I believe this one word inside this motion	但在我做别的事之前, 我相信这个动议中的一个词
587	carries a huge weight, which is primarily.	背负着巨大的重量, 这主要是。
588	The proposition isn't saying performative activism exists.	这个提议不是说表演主义存在。
589	It will be hard to argue against that.	很难反驳这一点。
590	They're saying that at its core, in what actually drives young people	他们说,在它的核心, 真正驱动年轻人
591	into the streets, it's performance.	进入街头,这是表演。
592	And that has a very specific kind of implication.	这有非常具体的含义。
593	If you remove the audience, the activism will stop.	如果你删除观众, 活动会停止。
594	So let's test that today.	所以,让我们测试今天。
595	But before that, I want to let you know that I'm not speaking here	但在此之前,我想告诉你我不是在这里说话
596	as an analyst from a distance.	作为远程分析师
597	On the 8th of September last year, I was two kilometers from the office	去年九月八日我离办公室两公里
598	of the Prime Minister in Kathmandu, in the middle of Nepal's own	尼泊尔首都加德满都的总理
599	youth movement against corruption and the ban in social media.	青年反腐败运动和社交媒体的禁令。
600	I was there coordinating, making sure no one got separated.	我在那里协调, 确保没有人被分开。
601	And for every one or two influencers that was actively vlogging there,	并且对于每一两个影响者活跃在那里,
602	which isn't inherently right or wrong, there were a thousand protesters	有一千名抗议者,
603	with no camera, no platform, nothing to mark their presence,	没有摄像头,没有平台, 没有任何标志他们的存在,
604	except the fact of it.	但事实除外。
605	When you are on the inside of one of these movements, you know something	当你身处这些运动的内幕,你知道什么
606	outside observers almost never get right, that movements have layers.	外部观察者几乎永远无法正确, 运动有层次。
607	Every movement in history has had them.	历史上的每一个运动都有过
608	The civil rights movement, the anti-apartheid struggle,	民权运动,反种族隔离斗争,
609	were some participants there for the aesthetic of resistance, probably,	一些参与者在那里的美观抵抗,也许,
610	but go deeper past that outer layer to the core believers who shaped	更深入地走过那一层外层到核心的信徒谁塑造
611	the movement and paid its price.	运动并付出了代价。
612	So I'll ask you this question.	故问之.
613	Which layer defines a movement?	哪个层定义运动 ?
614	命题指向外层,Instagram故事,
615	the profile picture filters, and says this is primarily what this is.	并说这主要是这个。
616	But that is the easiest possible reading of the most visible possible layer.	但是,这是最容易读取最明显的可能层。
617	It is looking at the surface of water and declaring that there is no depth.	它正在观察水面,并宣布没有深度。
618	In most movements, modern or pre-modern, the core is not performative,	在大多数运动中, 现代或前现代, 核心不是表演,
619	and the core is what this motion asks us to judge.	核心就是这个动议要求我们判断的
620	So let's talk about the core.	故曰说核.
621	In September last year, my government imposed a social media ban on its own people.	去年9月,我国政府对本国人民实施社交媒体禁令。
622	The one tool young people had to take out their frustrations with daily life	年轻人必须用一个工具消除日常生活的挫折感
623	were taken away.	被带走了
624	That became the immediate trigger that sparked a movement nobody could foresee.	这成为了引发无人能预见的运动的立即触发器。
625	Seventy-six people died in that movement.	有76人在这场运动中丧生。
626	Forty-five of them were young students.	其中45名是青年学生。
627	If youth activism is primarily performative, you have to explain to me	如果青年主义是主要表现的, 你必须向我解释
628	what those forty-five students were performing for.	那四十五名学生的表演
629	That is not performance, that is cost.	这不是业绩,而是成本。
630	And performance, by definition, stops when the cost exceeds the applause.	而表现,顾名思义,在成本超过掌声时停止.
631	Now, who performs?	现在,谁表演?
632	People with power perform.	有权力的人表演。
633	People who have something to lose by being ignored, but nothing to lose by being seen.	那些因为被忽略而失去一些东西的人,但是因为被人看见而毫无损失.
634	Performance is the strategy of the included.	业绩是包括者的战略。
635	So ask yourself what the world offers to the young people today.	所以问问你自己,今天的世界给年轻人带来了什么。
636	The median age of a member of parliament worldwide is over fifty.	全世界议会议员的平均年龄超过50岁。
637	Youth unemployment runs at three times the adult rate in my own country, Nepal.	青年失业率是我国尼泊尔成人失业率的三倍。
638	Thirty percent of the young population is either unemployed or so severely unemployed	30%的年轻人失业或严重失业
639	that the distinction barely matters.	区别根本不重要
640	Young people are structurally excluded from institutions that shape their future.	青年人在结构上被排除在塑造其未来的机构之外。
641	And when every other formal channel is closed,	当其他正式频道关闭时
642	when institutions don't respond, what exactly are young people supposed to do?	当机构不作出反应时, 年轻人应该做什么?
643	The motion says they perform for attention.	动议说,他们表演引起注意。
644	I say they have run out of every other way to be heard.	我说,他们已经用尽了任何其他方式来表达自己的意见。
645	Those are not the same thing.	这不一样
646	To vote for this motion, you have to say something very specific.	要投票支持这个动议,你必须说一些非常具体的话.
647	That the primary motive of young people doing difficult, costly, and dangerous things	年轻人做困难、昂贵和危险事情的主要动机
648	is simply to be seen.	只能被看见
649	You have to say that about the 45 students in Kathmandu.	你必须说关于加德满都的45名学生。
650	You have to say that about a young woman whom I recently talked to in Iran	你不得不说,关于一个年轻女子我最近与伊朗交谈
651	who removed her hizab on the public street and began singing where it is punishable by death.	在公共街上摘下她的头巾并开始唱歌在那里可处以死刑
652	The word performative does not fit.	表演这个词不合适。
653	And it does not fit in many more cases around the world.	而且它不适合世界上更多的情况。
654	You have to say it about every activist who kept showing up long after the applause stopped.	在掌声停止很久之后,
655	Because people primarily interested in performance do not keep showing up	因为那些对表演感兴趣的人不再出现
656	when the performance stops getting applause.	当表演停止获得掌声。
657	Now, youth activism has layers.	现在,青年运动有层层。
658	The outer layer is sometimes hollow.	外层有时是空心的.
659	I give the proposition that freely.	我自由提出这个建议。
660	But to prove primarily, you have to get past it.	但首先要证明, 你必须克服它。
661	You have to stand where I stood, look past the faces you see in the media,	你必须站在我的立场上看着媒体上你看到的面孔
662	and see the crowd behind them.	并看见他们的背后的人群。
663	The massive crowd that is behind the movement.	运动背后的广大群众.
664	Each one locked out of every former channel of power,	每一个被锁在每一个前权力渠道,
665	deciding the streets are the only channel left.	决定街道是唯一的渠道。
666	This is very important.	这很重要。
667	We should not ignore the thousands or sometimes millions of people	我们不应该无视成千上万或有时数百万人
668	who devote so much into a movement, into what they believe in,	他们把大量精力投入到运动中,投入到他们所信仰的事物中,
669	but aren't weighted the same due to media reach.	但因为媒体的影响力加权率不同
670	Madam President, I've been in these movements.	总统女士,我参加过这些运动
671	I've stood there.	我站在这里。
672	I have looked.	我看过了
673	It is not performance.	这不是表现。
674	It is the oldest human thing there is.	这是人类最古老的东西
675	Youth activism is not primarily performative.	青年积极性不是主要表现。
676	Youth activism is primarily human.	青年运动主要是人。
677	And that, Madam President, is the only reality that has ever mattered.	主席女士,这是唯一重要的现实。
678	Thank you.	谢谢
679	Thank you, Shaswat.	谢谢你,夏斯瓦特。
680	谢谢你 Shaswat 的演讲
681	I now open the floor to student speakers to come and speak either on side	我现在请讲课的人到边上讲话
682	proposition or opposition.	主张或反对。
683	I first look for a speaker on side proposition.	我首先找一位演讲者来做副提议。
684	George.	乔治
685	So for those of you that don't know me,	你们这些不认识我的人
686	it might be a bit strange to see me here on this side.	看见我在这边可能有点奇怪
687	And please, I want to differentiate myself from the Israel shill next to me.	请,我想区分自己与以色列斜坡旁边我。
688	He seems to be a bit skewed on his maths on the death count.	他似乎有点偏执他的数学关于死亡数。
689	But similar to my good friend and the first speaker,	但跟我的好朋友和第一位发言人一样
690	I speak here not to criticize activists, youth activists.	我在这里发言不是为了批评活动家,青年活动家.
691	I actually have a lot of respect and admiration for them.	其实我对他们很尊敬和钦佩
692	And I do not mean to demean or to drag down those who have done incredible	我不是要贬低或拖垮那些做了不可思议的事的人
693	work across the globe.	全球范围的工作。
694	I mean, even across the bench here, like in Nepal.	我的意思是,甚至跨过长椅在这里, 像在尼泊尔。
695	But much like Michael, in these elite institutions like these,	但很像迈克尔, 在这些精英机构像这样,
696	we've been taught that activism or political power is inherently	我们被告知行动或政治权力是内在的
697	performance-based.	以表现为主.
698	And I think an important distinction here is not that the intention is	我认为这里的一个重要区别不是意图是
699	performative.	演戏
700	Actually, I think quite the opposite.	其实,我觉得恰恰相反。
701	I think a lot of young people actually mean very well.	我认为很多年轻人实际上是很好。
702	But simply that the outcome is what is performative.	但简单地说,结果才是能发挥作用的。
703	It seems in institutions like these, with people so talented,	似乎在这样的机构, 有这么有才华的人,
704	that oftentimes we are so quick to placate each other with simple	经常我们这么快就用简单来安抚对方
705	gestures as some sort of radical change.	手势是某种根本性的改变
706	You know, they call this the Bermuda-type talent of Triangle because we see	你知道,他们称之为百慕大式的人才三角,因为我们看到
707	so many capable people simply go into corporate spaces like finance and	这么多有能力的人仅仅进入公司空间像金融,
708	consulting and law and all of these spaces that ultimately do nothing to	咨询和法律,以及所有这些最终无济于事的空间
709	challenge what is a structure and a system that is failing us,	挑战我们失败的结构和制度,
710	failing the country, and failing people globally.	以及全球范围内的失败者。
711	And yet we sit here and placate each other.	但我们坐在这里安抚彼此
712	We sit here and tell each other that, posting stories,	我们坐在这里告诉对方, 张贴故事,
713	or that having conversations is important.	或者说谈话很重要
714	Of course having conversations is important.	谈话当然很重要
715	But these conversations aren't important if they're not coupled with action.	但是,这些对话如果不与行动结合则不重要.
716	Too many times have I sat in a room in Oxford and had a really interesting	我坐过太多次在牛津的房间里玩得很开心
717	conversation about something and then no one has done anything about it.	谈论一些事情,然后没有人做任何事情。
718	It's a criticism I have of this institution that we are so quick to talk,	我对这个机构的批评是,我们谈得这么快,
719	we're so quick to talk, and yet ultimately there is nothing that will come of	我们谈得这么快但最终还是没有结果
720	these conversations, nothing that will actually be done in order to improve	这些对话,实际上不会做什么来改进
721	people's material lives, even in Oxford, even the students who come here.	人们的物质生活,甚至在牛津, 甚至学生来到这里。
722	What is actually changing about the conversation that are being had?	谈话到底有什么变化?
723	And this is not, again, to diminish the point of these conversations,	这又不能降低这些谈话的要点
724	not to diminish the point of the youth activism that some people choose to engage with.	而不是削弱某些人选择参与的青年活动。
725	But I want people to critically engage with their complicity within these systems.	但我希望人们在这些体系中严格地参与他们的共谋
726	To understand that when they exist in these corporate spaces,	要知道,当它们存在于这些公司空间,
727	when they exist even in this institution, that they are not doing radical change	当它们甚至存在于这个机构中, 他们并没有做根本的改变
728	simply by posting a story or by having a difficult conversation.	只是通过发布一个故事或有一个困难的对话。
729	Progress is not easy, progress is not simple,	进步不易,进步不简单,
730	progress is not one that comes from simply sitting around the right people	进步不是仅仅靠坐在合适的人身边就能产生的
731	or making the right choices and sitting on your moral high horse	或做出正确的选择并坐在你的道德之马
732	and having postulations about what is going on in the world.	并假设世界正在发生的一切。
733	Real activism and real change comes from actually doing things,	真正的行动主义和真正的变革来自于实际的行为,
734	actually being involved in the community, actually being involved in organizations,	实际参与社区,实际参与组织,
735	something that I think a lot of students in institutions like these	我认为很多学生在这样的机构
736	are ultimately quite detached from.	归根结底是完全脱离的。
737	And so ultimately I want to bring it back to my first point,	所以最终我想把它带回我的第一点,
738	that it's not that the intention is performative, quite the opposite,	并不是意图是可执行的恰恰相反
739	it's that students have never been taught what is actual real radical change.	学生们从未被教导过什么是真正的激进变革。
740	We've seen this across the UK, especially within the black community.	我们在整个英国都看到了这一点,特别是在黑人社区。
741	There is a consistent and concerted effort to depoliticize the black community in the UK.	联合王国一直一致努力使黑人社区非政治化。
742	It is a consistent and concerted effort to depoliticize the youth of the UK.	这是使联合王国青年非政治化的一贯和协调一致的努力。
743	And it currently might not be working,	而现在它可能不起作用,
744	but we haven't been taught what it is to do real radical work.	但我们还没有被教导做真正的激进工作是什么。
745	We haven't been taught what it is to push against the system.	我们还没被教过什么是对抗制度
746	We haven't been taught what it is to move outside of electoral politics	我们还没被教过要离开选举政治
747	and to build alternative institutions to them.	并建立替代机构。
748	Otherwise we become so reliant on these institutions that we can do nothing but perform.	否则,我们就会如此依赖这些机构,我们只能做一些事情。
749	So I ask you all here today to reflect.	因此,我请今天在座的各位反思一下。
750	Reflect on the work that it is you're doing.	想想你正在做的那些工作吧
751	Does it feel difficult?	感觉很困难吗?
752	Does it feel hard?	感觉很难吗?
753	Does it feel like you are pushing up against resistance?	你觉得你在反抗吗?
754	Because if you aren't, if you don't feel that there is active resistance	因为如果你没有,如果你不觉得有积极的抵抗
755	against the things you do and the ideas in your body,	反对你的行为和身体的想法,
756	then I'm sorry, then you're not as progressive or you're not as radical as you might think you are.	那么我很抱歉,那么你没有进步或者你没有你可能认为的激进。
757	And that's something that is okay.	这是一件很好的事情。
758	We must come to terms with that.	我们必须同意这一点。
759	But then it's something that if you want to truly embody that system,	但是如果你想真正体现这个系统
760	if you want to embody that radical thought, you need to push against.	如果你想体现这种激进的思想,你就必须反对。
761	So I encourage you all, please talk.	所以我鼓励大家,请说话。
762	Yes, have these conversations.	是的,有这些谈话。
763	But then think, what is this conversation leading to?	但想想,这段对话能带来什么?
764	Who am I going to change by doing this?	我这样做会改变谁?
765	I've sat with many academics and asked them,	我和很多学者一起问他们
766	well, what are you actually doing outside of writing your books and your reports and all of these things?	好吧,你在做什么写你的书报告和所有这些事情?
767	Who does this work change?	这项工作会改变谁?
768	And what organizations are you part of to ensure that happens?	你参与哪些组织来确保发生这种情况?
769	And I hope that everyone in here has an answer for when I leave the chamber tonight.	我希望今晚我离开房间时这里每个人都有答案
770	Thank you.	谢谢
771	Thank you, George, for that speech.	谢谢你,乔治,谢谢你的演讲
772	I now look for a floor speech on side opposition.	我现在想在另一边发表演讲。
773	I look to the member in the green.	我望着绿色的成员。
774	Assalamu alaikum, everyone.	阿萨拉穆·阿拉伊库姆各位
775	I am a local activist in Oxford.	我是牛津的当地活动家
776	I've organized for Palestine and for the anti-racist movement,	我为巴勒斯坦和反种族主义运动组织过
777	as well doing charity events for Sudan, Pakistan, Palestine and Kashmir.	还为苏丹、巴基斯坦、巴勒斯坦和克什米尔开展了慈善活动。
778	Nothing what I do is performative.	我所做的没什么是表演的
779	I don't protest in the streets for Palestine because I want to or because it's a trend.	我不为巴勒斯坦在街头抗议,
780	I don't do it for likes and views.	我这样做不是为了喜欢和观点。
781	My people suffering for the last 100 years have not been a trend.	我国人民在过去100年中遭受的苦难并不是一个趋势。
782	I do it because Palestinians deserve full and total liberation from their oppressors and to reclaim their land.	我这样做是因为巴勒斯坦人应当从他们的压迫者那里得到充分和彻底的解放,并收回他们的土地。
783	I don't protest against racism for gratification.	我不抗议种族主义来取悦.
784	I do it because I believe that all of us are deserving of human rights,	我这样做是因为我相信我们所有人都值得人权,
785	not to be oppressed for the color or our religion.	不要因为肤色或我们的宗教而受到压迫。
786	Did you know that the last encampment for Palestine is in the UK?	你知道巴勒斯坦的最后营地在英国吗?
787	The SLZ, so as Liberation Zone.	SLZ,所以作为解放区.
788	They recently celebrated their two years.	他们最近庆祝了两年。
789	They have been fighting every day for Palestinian liberation	他们每天都在为巴勒斯坦解放而战
790	and to have their university diverse fully from Israeli companies or assets.	让他们的大学与以色列公司或资产完全不同
791	Even one of their campmates, Haya Adams, has been expelled from SOAS for her Palestinian activism.	连他们的营友哈亚·亚当斯也因为巴勒斯坦的激进活动而被SOAS开除.
792	Are we saying that these people are performative?	你是说这些人有表演能力?
793	Do we honestly think that someone would go to a university to get an education,	我们真的认为有人会去大学接受教育,
794	a university that claims to be an anti-colonial one?	一个自称反殖民的大学?
795	Do you think someone goes there just to get expelled?	你觉得有人去那里只是为了被开除吗?
796	In the last few years, youth activism has been seen as less just because of the age.	在过去几年中,青年积极性被认为因年龄而减少。
797	Keeping in mind, people say that the youth is our future.	人们铭记,青年是我们的未来。
798	There is performative activists, in my opinion.	我认为,有表演活动家。
799	Let's look at Tommy Robertson.	让我们看看汤米・罗伯逊。
800	That's a performative activist.	那是一个表演活动家。
801	He gets paid by whoever to do what he wants.	他得到谁的酬劳做他想要的。
802	Or there's people who claim to be on the left, like AOC, who's a performative activist, in my opinion.	或者有人声称在左边, 像AOC,他是一个表演活动家, 在我看来。
803	But to generalize an entire age group and say that their activism is performative	但是把整个年龄段的人概括起来说他们的活动是能表现的
804	is ridiculous and diminishes everything they do.	这是荒谬的,减少他们所做的一切。
805	Ladies and gentlemen, I implore you to vote no on this motion.	女士们,先生们,我恳请你们对这一动议投反对票。
806	Thank you.	谢谢
807	Thank you for that speech.	谢谢你的演讲
808	I now call upon the third speaker on side, proposition, Sarah Senu, senior appointed.	我现在请第三位代言人萨拉·塞努先生发言。
809	Madam President, thank you for giving me the honor to speak today.	主席女士,谢谢你让我今天发言。
810	To everyone in this house, don't worry.	对这房子里的所有人来说别担心
811	I won't say anything too controversial.	我不会说太多争议
812	Firstly, I must state that as someone who has studied geography for most of her life,	首先,我必须说,作为一个研究地理的人她的大部分时间,
813	it may come across as slightly ironic that I'm going to discuss how performative youth activism is.	可能有点讽刺的是,我要去讨论如何表现青年活动。
814	I vividly remember when I myself was part of a walkout at the age of 15.	我生动地记得我15岁时就参加过散步
815	Being in year 10 and knowing full well that our GCSEs were in exactly a year's time,	10年级时完全知道我们的普通教育学院正好在一年的时间里
816	we probably shouldn't have done this during our math lesson.	我们也许不该在数学课上这样
817	But we did so that because during this time,	但我们这样做是因为在这期间
818	Extinction Rebellion是英国最大的气候活动团体.
819	They were a powerhouse for youth activism,	他们是青年运动的动力所在
820	encouraging thousands of students to skip school to demonstrate on the streets of central London.	鼓励数以千计的学生跳过学校,在伦敦市中心的街道上示威.
821	To us, as young people at my school,	作为我学校的年轻人,
822	we saw this as an opportunity to make our teachers aware that we too lived on Earth.	我们认为这是一个机会,让我们的老师意识到,我们同样生活在地球上。
823	And these were our futures we were fighting for.	这些都是我们为之奋斗的未来。
824	The results of our walkout?	我们走出去的结果?
825	We were all given detentions.	我们都被拘留了
826	I guess it was worth it.	我想这是值得的。
827	We were 15.	我们才15岁
828	We used detentions to revise.	我们用拘留来修正
829	The purpose of this debate is not to discourage activism itself,	这场辩论的目的不是要阻止活动本身,
830	nor is it to dissuade young people from standing firmly in what they believe in,	也不劝阻青年人坚忍,
831	whether it be by posting on social media, quietly marching down the streets of Trafalgar Square,	是否通过在社交媒体上发布, 悄悄地游行在特拉法尔加广场的街道上,
832	or gluing themselves down to roads.	或把自己拖到路边
833	But it is to dissect the way that young people do their activism.	但是,这是要解析年轻人从事活动的方式。
834	Why is it performative rather than truly active?	为什么它不是真正活跃,而是具有表现力?
835	The opposition has framed and implied that performatism can be fake, hypocritical and selfish,	反对派陷害并暗示表演主义可以是假的,伪善的和自私的,
836	stating that these adjectives do not describe the likes of youth activism,	指出这些形容词没有描述青年积极性,
837	which on the surface may be true.	在表面上可能是真实的。
838	But we need to take a more nuanced approach to defining what performatism is,	但我们需要采取一种更细致的方法来定义什么是表演主义,
839	especially around the context of activism.	特别是在行动主义的背景下。
840	We cannot state that young people are being hypocritical and selfish	我们不能说年轻人是虚伪和自私的
841	as they protest and bring attention to the fact that they will be the ones taking the brunt	因为他们抗议并提请注意,他们是首当其冲的;
842	of poor government policy to tackle rising rates of pollution,	处理污染率上升的政府政策不佳,
843	or that water will become so scarce that it will cost the lives of millions of children	或者水会变得如此稀少以致数百万儿童丧生
844	in developing nations, while corporations continue to externalise environmental costs	公司继续将环境成本外部化
845	onto vulnerable communities.	在脆弱社区。
846	The argument is that performative activism is primarily oriented towards being seen holding a position,	理由是,表现性行动的主要方向是被看成是持有一种立场,
847	rather than materially or physically changing conditions.	而不是物质或物理条件的变化。
848	It prioritises visibility and moral display over sustained structural engagement.	它把能见度和道德表现放在持续的结构参与之上。
849	Youth activists may be sincere in what they are protesting.	青年活动家在抗议时可能很真诚。
850	They may care deeply about what they are fighting for.	他们可能非常关心他们为什么而战。
851	And yes, some of their movements may achieve things.	是的,他们的一些运动可能实现的东西。
852	If it wasn't for my persistence and slight stubbornness during my time as head girl during sixth form,	如果不是我在六年级的时候坚持不懈和轻度固执
853	my school wouldn't have invested in recycling bins and proper waste bins,	我的学校不会投资回收垃圾箱和适当的垃圾箱,
854	something so small, yet which its ignorance has dire consequences on certain habitats across the world.	它的无知对全世界某些栖息地造成严重后果。
855	The point is that primary logic driving activism is performance.	要点是,主要的逻辑驱动活动是表现。
856	So, using this definition, activism is more of a spatial performance.	因此,使用这个定义, 活动性更是一种空间性能。
857	Don't worry, I won't bore you with elements of my degree, although I could talk about geography all day long.	别担心,我不会让你厌烦我的学位, 虽然我可以整天谈论地理问题。
858	But it is important to understand that activism is all about visibility in space.	但重要的是要明白,行动主义完全在于在空间中的能见度。
859	The more evident it is online or in person affects how it is received by the people involved or watching.	越明显地是在线或亲自影响所涉或观看者如何接受。
860	Even more so, young people use social media platforms to spread their ideology and opinions.	更有甚者,年轻人利用社交媒体平台传播他们的意识形态和意见.
861	Think of it as Instagram or TikTok live streams, Twitter slash ex reposts, even the spread of mass media via WhatsApp.	推特在推特上连连大众传媒通过WhatsApp的传播,
862	I know everyone has probably received something from their aunt or uncle.	我知道每个人都可能收到从他们的姑姑或叔叔的东西。
863	All these mediums are used to gain popularity and support.	所有这些媒介都被用来获得欢迎和支持。
864	They are not bad to use, but for what purpose?	它们使用不坏,但出于什么目的?
865	Yes, it encourages demonstrations and the freedom of expression.	是的,它鼓励示威和言论自由。
866	But while such demonstrations can generate visibility and urgency,	但是,虽然这种示威可以产生可见度和紧迫性,
867	they often struggle to translate the visibility into durable legislative change.	他们往往努力将知名度转化为持久的立法改革。
868	For example, one could argue that organising a blockade on Downing Street or Whitehall	例如,人们可以争辩说,组织封锁唐宁街或怀特霍尔街。
869	as a form of protest against the lack of widely acceptable long-term environmental policy is ultimately ineffective.	作为抗议缺乏广泛接受的长期环境政策的一种形式,最终是无效的。
870	If it obstructs the very people capable of implementing that change.	如果它阻碍有能力实施这一变革的人。
871	You see, although the activism is honourable, it stands as performative.	你瞧,尽管这个活动是光荣的,但它是表现的。
872	A showy display of the lengths humanity is willing to go to, all to prove a point.	展示人类愿意去的长度都是为了证明一点
873	These kinds of activism gains popularity online, not in parliament.	此类活动在网络上,
874	Social media rewards activism with immediate likes and comments	社会媒体以即时的喜好和评论奖励活动家。
875	outraged from those who disagree with a particular form of activism.	对那些不同意某种特定形式活动的人感到愤怒。
876	And for the leaders and founders of these demonstrations, a large following.	对于这些示威游行的领导人和发起者来说, 是一个巨大的追随者。
877	None of this helps with what really needs to change, the policy that reflects different activisms.	这些都无助于真正需要改变的政策,
878	Yes, it may bring politicians out to respond in light of what is happening at that current point of time,	是的,这可能会让政治家们根据当前时刻发生的情况作出反应,
879	but it is not productive in the long term.	但从长远来看,它没有成效。
880	And even though this is not a social media debate,	尽管这不是社交媒体的辩论
881	youth activism is either downplayed or exacerbated by the use of social media.	使用社交媒体,
882	It is the largest spatial network for young people today.	它是目前年轻人最大的空间网络。
883	It is where most of our generation give or receive news.	这是我们这一代人大部分人提供或接收新闻的地方。
884	It is very influential in changing the opinions of its users,	在改变用户观点方面,
885	but it does not necessarily translate into long-term political change.	但它不一定转化为长期的政治变革。
886	And that's what makes it performative.	而令其演义.
887	Ladies and gentlemen, Madam President and her esteemed officers,	女士们,先生们,主席女士和她尊敬的官员们,
888	the opposition has asked you tonight to confuse visibility with effectiveness.	反对派要求你今晚把能见度和效果混为一谈
889	But awareness alone is not political transformation.	但是,光是认识不是政治变革。
890	A movement being viral does not necessarily mean it will be structurally successful.	病毒运动并不一定意味着它在结构上是成功的。
891	It is not that young people are attention seekers.	并不是青年人是寻求关注的人。
892	Young people, including myself, care deeply about our futures.	年轻人,包括我本人,都深深地关心我们的未来.
893	Youth activism, like I have said earlier multiple times, is an honorable thing to do.	正如我先前多次说过的,青年活动是一件光荣的事。
894	It highlights that we too have a say in what our government implements into our system, our policy, our law.	它突出表明,我们也有发言权,我们政府将哪些内容纳入我们的制度、政策和法律。
895	We are a generation that is desperate to change the world for the better,	我们这一代人渴望让世界变得更好,
896	and we utilize and take advantage of the platforms we've been given.	我们利用和利用我们得到的平台。
897	But in the age of algorithms, youth activism has only become content,	但是在算法时代, 青年运动只是变得满足,
898	and content must first perform.	内容必须首先实现。
899	It must become trendy.	它必须成为潮流。
900	And that is why this House believes that youth activism is primarily performative.	因此,本院认为,青年积极性主要是表现性的。
901	Thank you, Sarah, for that speech.	谢谢你,莎拉,谢谢你的演讲。
902	I now call upon the third speaker on side, opposition, Khalil Green.	我现在请第三位反对派发言人哈利勒·格林发言。
903	Thank you.	谢谢
904	February 1, 1960.	1960年2月1日 (英语).
905	Four black teenagers walk into a restaurant and sit down at a whites-only lunch counter.	四个黑人少年走进一家餐馆,坐在一个白人专用的午餐柜台.
906	Now, as many of you know, my opponent has outlined the history of the black civil rights movement in America.	现在,正如你们中许多人所知,我的对手概述了美国黑人民权运动的历史.
907	And this movement was built on the backs of young people.	这个运动是建立在年轻人的背上。
908	Those four teenagers in Greensboro, North Carolina, specifically used that moment to order coffee.	北卡罗莱纳州格林斯伯勒的这四个青少年专门用那个时间点咖啡
909	But because of the color of their skin, they refused service.	但由于皮肤的颜色,他们拒绝服务.
910	Still, they sat down.	尽管如此,他们还是坐下。
911	And they sat down until the restaurant closed that night.	他们坐下来直到那晚餐厅关门
912	By the next morning, segregationists, white moderates, and even members of the black establishment	到了第二天早上, 隔离主义者,白人温和派, 甚至黑人机构的成员
913	had dismissed these teenagers as publicity seekers.	曾开除这些青少年为宣传寻求者。
914	One woman called them stupid, ignorant, rabble-rousers, and troublemakers.	一个女人称他们为愚蠢、无知、暴徒和捣乱者。
915	The store owner, a white man, shrugged them off, and he said they'll soon give up and	店主,一个白人,把他们拉下来他说他们很快就会放弃
916	be forgotten.	被遗忘。
917	In simpler words, the charge against these teenagers, these youth activists all the way	简言之,对这些青少年的指控, 这些青年活动家一路
918	back in 1960, was that they were performative.	1960年,他们表现得非常出色
919	But obviously, they weren't, and they did not give up.	但很明显,他们并没有放弃。
920	Within two months, the citizens had spread to 55 cities, and within five years, segregation	在两个月内,公民蔓延到55个城市,在五年内隔离
921	in the American South had been dismantled.	在美国南部被拆除。
922	Now, I open with this history to show you that this argument is not new.	现在,我以历史为起点,向大家表明这个论点并不是新的。
923	Tonight, the proposition sounds exactly like those angry detractors all the way back in	今晚,这个提议听起来完全像那些愤怒的诽谤者一路回来
924	1960, especially you, Mr. Kerchick.	1960年,特别是你,柯奇克先生
925	They use the same mischaracterizations that have been used against every youth-led movement	他们对每个青年运动都使用同样的错误定性
926	in modern history, and as this history shows us, they remain dead wrong.	在现代历史中,正如历史向我们表明的,他们仍然是死错。
927	The reality is that modern youth activism is not so different from the activism of the	现实是,现代青年运动与青年运动没有太大的不同。
928	past.	过去
929	Now, I've been an influencer for over five years now, and I've seen everything under	现在,我是一个影响者超过五年了,我看到了一切在
930	the sun.	太阳。
931	This includes an influencer shaking her butt to a viral song, while text above her head	这包括一个影响者摇屁股病毒歌曲, 而文本在她的头上
932	narrates that within 25 years, climate change is going to cause the extinction of the human	说在25年内气候变化将造成人类灭绝
933	race.	种族。
934	I can see that these people exist, and because of social media, they are afforded more visibility.	我可以看到这些人的存在, 并且由于社交媒体,
935	But the motion at hand isn't about these unrepresentative clout chasers.	但动议不是针对那些没有代表性的追逐者
936	It's not.	这不是。
937	In the face of the hard work of young changemakers around the world, you'd have to be entirely	面对世界各地年轻变革者的努力,你必须完全
938	dishonest to label those vapid social media stars as the face of youth activism.	让这些无趣的社交媒体明星成为青年运动的面孔,
939	I'm here to tell you that the idea of youth activism, the concept of it, has not changed	我是来告诉你青年运动的想法,它的概念,没有改变
940	so much from that moment back in Greensboro, North Carolina.	在北卡罗莱纳州格林斯伯勒的那一瞬间
941	And so modern youth activism is not primarily performative.	所以现代的青年运动并不是主要表现。
942	So let's break this down.	故破此经.
943	The motion hinges on two words, primarily and performative.	运动以两个词为主,并且具有表演性.
944	Let's take performative first.	我们先表演一下
945	I don't have to invent some flowery, artsy definition that encompasses all forms of activism,	我不必发明一些花朵般,艺术性的定义包括各种形式的活动,
946	like my proposition opponents have to today.	就像今天我的提议对手一样
947	The motion that we got gives us one, and the explainer, it asks us whether young activists	我们得到的动议给我们一个, 和解释者, 它问我们是否年轻的活动家
948	are truly reshaping the political landscape or merely striving to be seen as doing so.	正在真正地改变政治格局,或只是努力被视为这样做。
949	Performative activism, by the motion's own terms, is visibility with no substantive work	根据动议本身的规定,表现性积极性是没有实质性工作的能见度
950	and no measurable impact that follows from it.	也没有任何可以衡量的影响。
951	Now let's get into primarily.	现在我们先开始吧
952	Don't let the proposition twist things.	不要让提议扭曲事物。
953	Primarily and majority are not the same word.	主要和多数不是同一个词。
954	Primarily is not about numbers.	基本上与数字无关。
955	It does not mean most of it.	这并不是说大部分。
956	Youth activism specifically is a field that should be characterized by its most impactful	青年运动的特点是其影响最大。
957	outputs.	产出。
958	Youth activism is a field that should be characterized by its most impactful outputs.	青年积极性是一个应当以最具影响力的成果为特点的领域。
959	A similar field of scientific research.	一个类似的科学研究领域.
960	It is not measured by the thousands of failed experiments, disproven hypotheses, or rejected	它不是以数以千计的失败实验、无法证实的假设或被拒绝来衡量的
961	grant proposals.	补助金建议。
962	It is remembered for penicillin, mapping the human genome, the eradication of smallpox,	人们记得青霉素人类基因组图谱消灭天花
963	putting a man on the moon, and getting a group of people to go around it.	把一个人放在月球上, 让一群人绕过它。
964	Or how about an analogy that's more tailored to the topic at hand?	或者一个比较适合当前话题的类比如何?
965	The abolitionist movement is not nullified by the hundreds of years that it took to	废奴主义运动并没有被数百年的历史所抵消。
966	dismantle slavery, by the petitions ignored, the revolts that were quelled, the bills defeated,	废除奴隶制通过请愿被忽视平息叛乱法案被击败
967	or the generations who still died in chains.	或仍死在枷锁中的几代人。
968	It is remembered for the Slavery Abolition Act in the United Kingdom and the 13th Amendment	人们记得联合王国的《废除奴隶制法》和第13修正案。
969	in the United States.	在美国。
970	Every movement has its cringe.	每个运动都有它的支点。
971	The suffragettes had bad slogans.	大选的口号不好
972	The civil rights movement had bad poetry and narcissists who made the work about themselves.	民权运动有不好的诗歌和自恋主义者,他们为自己创作作品.
973	You do not judge these movements by the engagement level of their most casual or their most	这些运动不是用他们最随意或最
974	dishonest contributor.	不诚实的贡献者。
975	You judge them by what they built.	你用他们建造的东西来判断他们
976	So what has modern youth activism built?	那么,现代青年运动建设的是什么?
977	My side has already given so many great examples and testimonies, especially from Shaswat,	我方已经给出了这么多伟大的例子和证词,特别是来自沙斯瓦特的,
978	who came here from Nepal, but here are some that stand out to me.	他们从尼泊尔来到这里, 但这里有一些突出的我。
979	In Flint, Michigan, Mari Copany started writing officials at age 8, drew Obama into the city,	在密歇根州弗林特,马里·科帕尼8岁开始写官员,吸引奥巴马进入城市,
980	and has raised over half a million dollars for water and school supplies.	并筹集了50多万美元的水和学校用品。
981	In 2024, when Utah launched a snitch line on trans bathroom use, Gen Z for Change flooded	2024年,犹他州在跨浴室使用时开通了一条告密线 Gen Z for Change
982	it with 12,000 fake tips leading to the state pulling it down.	它有12,000个假提示导致国家把它拉下来。
983	In that same year, Gaza protests hit nearly 140 campuses, forcing universities to disclose	同年,加沙的抗议活动袭击了近140个校园,迫使大学披露
984	portfolios and open formal negotiations over their endowments.	(b) 就捐赠进行正式谈判。
985	So now I ask you, why are we all here?	所以现在我问你,为什么我们都在这里?
986	If the substantive case is this numerous of the examples you can find everywhere and they're	如果实质性案例是这么多的例子你可以找到任何地方,他们是
987	prominent all around the world, why is a motion like this even on the floor of the Oxford	举世瞩目的,为什么这样的动议甚至在牛津的地板上
988	Union tonight?	联合今晚?
989	Well, I want to say that the dismissal and the trivialization of youth activism is itself	我想说的是解雇和淡化青年运动本身
990	a performative tradition.	一种表演传统。
991	The dismissal and the trivialization of youth activism is itself a performative tradition.	解雇和淡化青年活动本身就是一种表演传统。
992	Since the student movements of the 1960s, the establishment has relied on the same framing	自1960年代学生运动以来,学校一直依靠同样的框架
993	devices to downplay young people's activism.	以轻描淡写年轻人的活动。
994	They zero in on theatrical activities, eccentric dress, or perceived immaturity to avoid talking	他们没有在戏剧活动, 古怪的衣服, 或感觉不成熟以避免说话
995	about the root inequalities that these protests seek to address.	关于这些抗议活动试图解决的根源不平等。
996	Read the editorials that call the Greensboro Four publicity seekers, the FBI memos that	阅读社论,称格林斯伯勒四大宣传寻求者, 联邦调查局的备忘录,
997	call anti-Vietnam War protesters inauthentic, the columns that call act up attention seekers	呼唤反越南战争抗议者不正确,
998	while their friends were dying of AIDS and they were doing everything they could to stop	当他们的朋友死于艾滋病时他们正在竭尽全力阻止
999	it.	这个
1000	Every version of tonight's motion has existed in every decade of history.	今晚动议的每一个版本都存在于历史上的每一十年
1001	The accusation of performance, in reality, that's what produces no tangible effect other	对表现的指责,事实上,这就是没有产生任何实际效果的原因。
1002	than stalling discourse.	而不是停留在言语中。
1003	That is performative.	这是表演性的。
1004	The detractors never engage the core issues.	诋毁者从来不涉及核心问题。
1005	They reduce a movement to its most visible, most mockable surface.	它们将运动降低到最明显,最可嘲弄的表面.
1006	And don't let the proposition confuse you.	别让这个提议迷惑你
1007	The attention economy does not flow in the direction they're trying to paint it.	注意力经济并没有朝着他们试图画画的方向流动.
1008	There's actually so much more incentive to call people and call protesters performative	更能激励民众,
1009	than there is to actually protest.	而不是去抗议
1010	The student who was arrested by police gets a criminal record.	被警方逮捕的学生获得犯罪记录.
1011	The angry journalist who calls them performative gets invited to speak here.	愤怒的记者,谁叫他们表演者被邀请在这里发言。
1012	More specifically, they get invited to Bill Maher and if they do the thing that people	更具体地说,他们被邀请去比尔马希尔, 如果他们做的事情,人们
1013	love the most, they specifically target pro-Palestine activists and refer to them as crazy, sick,	爱得最多,他们特别针对亲巴勒斯坦的活动家, 并称他们疯狂,生病,
1014	and disturbing.	和令人不安的。
1015	They get invited to the Oxford Union to rant like an angry old man for eight minutes.	他们被邀请到牛津大学联盟,像一个愤怒的老人一样喊八分钟.
1016	When they come here and they say that youth won't put their bodies on the line, they	当他们来到这里,他们说青年不会把他们的身体上线,他们
1017	also fail to outline any activism that they've done on any streets any time recently.	也没有描述他们最近在街上做过的任何活动。
1018	So instead of debating the effectiveness of black squares six years later, I'd rather	因此,我宁愿在六年后辩论黑方的效力,
1019	ensure black communities stop being over-policed.	确保黑人社区不再受到过度管制。
1020	Instead of debating whether the encampments were earnest, I'd rather stop bombs from	与其争论营地是否认真我宁愿停止炸弹
1021	being dropped on Gaza.	被扔到加沙
1022	Because while everyone debates whether the kids are performative, nobody has to debate	因为虽然每个人都在争论孩子们是否有表演能力但没人可以争论
1023	whether or not they're right.	无论他们是否正确。
1024	So here's where we are.	这就是我们的位置
1025	Modern youth activism has reshaped my country and others.	现代青年活动使我国和其他国家重塑。
1026	It has rewritten laws, won court cases, ended careers, and forced divestment.	它重写了法律,赢得了法院案件,结束了职业生涯,并强制撤资。
1027	The motion asks whether it is primarily performative and by any honest standard, but the standard	动议问,它是否主要以业绩和任何诚实的标准,但标准
1028	we use to judge other forms of activism, it is clearly not.	我们用来判断其他形式的活动,显然不是。
1029	And for that reason, I urge you to oppose.	为此,我敦促你反对。
1030	Thank you.	谢谢
1031	Just to remind members that they are voting with their feet, so depending on which side	只是为了提醒各位成员,他们正在用脚投票,所以取决于哪一方
1032	of the door you walk through, that is a vote.	你走过的那扇门那就是投票
1033	Thank you so much for your speech, Khalil.	非常感谢你的演讲哈利勒
1034	I now call upon the fourth speaker on side, Proposition, Aruj Shandamuri, Jr. appointed.	我现在请第四位同时发言的代表小阿鲁伊·尚达穆里先生发言。
1035	Madam President, members of the Chamber, I want to begin by conceding something to the opposition.	主席女士,安理厅成员,我想首先向反对派承认一些事情。
1036	Youth activism can change the world.	青年运动可以改变世界。
1037	It has changed the world.	它改变了世界。
1038	Some of those who have changed it are sitting on the benches opposite.	某些改变过的人坐在对面的凳子上。
1039	And to them, I would like to give them a warm round of applause.	我要给他们热烈掌声
1040	I do not propose, though, that I want to waste this Chamber's time disputing that.	但我不建议我浪费本会议厅的时间来反驳这一点。
1041	What I do propose is this, that those cases are atypical.	我的建议是,这些案例是非典型的。
1042	The question before this House is not whether meaningful youth activism exists, it is whether	摆在本议院面前的问题是,是否存在着有意义的青年活动,是否
1043	it is what primarily exists.	这是主要存在。
1044	And the answer, uncomfortable though it may seem, is no.	答案是否定的,尽管看起来不舒服。
1045	While the speaker before me tried to cherry pick certain cases, what primarily exists	在我之前的演讲者试图选择某些案例时,
1046	is a performance of engagement, rapid, visible, and largely without consequence.	是一种迅速、可见和基本上没有后果的接触表现。
1047	Let us begin with the environment that shapes all activism today.	让我们从今天形成所有行动的环境开始。
1048	Movements do not arise in a vacuum.	运动不是在真空中产生的。
1049	They follow the logic of whatever system incentivizes them.	它们遵循任何系统激励它们的逻辑.
1050	And the system that now dominates political engagement is one that is designed at the	而现在主导政治参与的体系是设计于
1051	level of its architecture, not incidentally, to reward visibility above all else.	其建筑水平,并非偶然地,奖励知名度高于所有其他。
1052	Attention is the currency, reaches the metric, emotional immediacy is what gets you paid.	注意是货币,达到度量, 情感的刻不容缓是得到你支付。
1053	In such a system, the incentive is not to be effective, the incentive is to be seen.	在这种制度中,奖励是无效的,奖励是可见的。
1054	What succeeds is not careful analysis, nor long-term organization, nor the cultivation	成功的不是仔细分析,也不是长期组织,也不是种植
1055	of institutional relationships that produce policy.	产生政策的体制关系。
1056	What succeeds is a shareable image, the arresting slogan, the expression of outrage calibrated	成功者是分享形象、逮捕口号、愤怒的表达
1057	precisely from maximum resonance amongst people who already agree with you.	正是从那些已经同意你的人最大的共鸣。
1058	These are not accidents of the medium.	这些不是媒介的意外。
1059	These are the medium's intended output.	这些是介质的预期输出.
1060	The result is activism that resembles content, and which behaves like it.	结果是行动主义类似内容, 和行为类似。
1061	Courses rise in days, they trend, they generate extraordinary volumes of engagement, and then	课程日复一日地上升,呈现趋势,产生非凡的参与量,然后
1062	they're replaced, not by resolution, but by the next course, following the same curve.	它们被取代,不是通过分辨率,而是通过下一条路线,遵循同样的曲线.
1063	The lifespan of digital activism is measured in news cycles.	数字主义的寿命用新闻周期来衡量。
1064	The lifespan of political change is measured in decades.	政治变革的寿命用几十年来衡量。
1065	This is not, however, simply a critique of social media.	这不仅仅是对社会媒体的批评。
1066	The same logic infects offline activism too.	同样的逻辑也影响线下活动。
1067	The march, the die-in, the one-day strike, they're not chosen because they're the most	游行,临终,一日罢课,不获选,因为他们是最伟大的
1068	effective route to reform, but because they're the most legible.	有效的改革路线, 但因为它们是最清晰的。
1069	They produce images, they generate coverage, and then they end, because the logic that	它们产生图像,产生覆盖,然后结束,因为逻辑是
1070	produced them rewards the spectacle, not what comes after.	创造他们奖励的,不是后来的。
1071	This matters because it shapes not what is communicated, but what is done.	这很重要,因为它塑造的不是所传达的,而是所作所为。
1072	Consider the typical act of political engagement available to a young person today.	想想今天年轻人可以利用的典型的政治参与行为。
1073	It is not canvassing.	它不是画画。
1074	It is not sustained contact with elected representatives.	它没有与当选代表保持持续的联系。
1075	It is not the painstaking work of coalition building.	这不是建立联盟的艰苦工作。
1076	It is a repost, a petition signed in 30 seconds and forgotten in 40.	30秒后签署请愿书,40年被遗忘。
1077	A survey found that 76% of adults believe social activism makes people think that they're	一项调查发现,76%的成年人认为社会行动主义使人们认为他们是
1078	making a difference when they're really not.	当他们真的不是时就会有所改变
1079	The public, it turns out, has noticed what we are being asked to deny.	公众注意到了我们被要求否认的事情。
1080	These acts are immediate, they're costless, and they're socially rewarded in precisely	这些行为是立即发生的,是毫无代价的,而且社会上也给予奖励
1081	the way that the harder work of politics is not.	政治的艰难工作并非如此。
1082	And they produce, not reform, but the sensation of having something done about reform.	它们产生,而不是改革, 而是对改革有所作为的感觉。
1083	A movement in which the most common contribution is frictionless will inevitably be dominated	一个最常见的贡献是无摩擦的运动将不可避免地被支配
1084	by signal rather than substance.	以信号而不是实质。
1085	The path of least resistance leads, almost by definition, to expression rather than impact.	阻力最小的路径,几乎从定义上来说,会导致表达而不是影响.
1086	When participation demands nothing, performance becomes enough.	当参与不需要什么时,表现就足够了。
1087	And the stakes of this are not abstract.	这一点的利害关系并不是抽象的。
1088	The problems that young people most loudly perform concern about, climate, inequality,	青年人最关心的问题,气候、不平等、
1089	democratic erosion, are precisely the problems that require the kind of sustained, unglamorous	民主受到侵蚀,恰恰是需要持续、不光彩的问题。
1090	institutional engagement that performative activism displaces.	机构性参与,表现积极性,取代了机构性参与。
1091	There's a bitter irony in a generation that cares more visibly about the future than any	在一代人中有一种痛苦的讽刺更关心未来
1092	before it, and is arguably less equipped to change it.	在它之前,并且可以说没有那么有能力改变它。
1093	Not because they lacked conviction, not at all, but because the culture has taught them	不是因为他们缺乏信念也不是因为文化教育他们
1094	that conviction, expressed loudly enough, is sufficient.	足够大声地表达的信念就足够了。
1095	The opposition has pointed to individuals who have produced genuine change.	反对派指出,一些个人产生了真正的变革。
1096	As I said earlier, I commend some of them.	正如我早些时候所说的那样,我赞扬其中一些建议。
1097	Some are perhaps in this very chamber, like I said.	正如我所说,也许有些人就在这个会议厅里。
1098	And they will be right.	他们会说的对
1099	They are right.	他们说得对。
1100	But observe what is true of every such case.	但观察一切此类情况的真实性。
1101	They succeed precisely where activism has moved beyond expression into institutions,	行动主义已经超越了表达方式,
1102	into sustained legal and political engagement, into the unglamorous infrastructure	* 持续参与法律和政治,参与不光彩的基础设施
1103	of organized reform.	组织改革。
1104	If youth activism were not primarily performative, we would not find it remarkable	如果青年运动不是主要表现的我们不会发现它很了不起
1105	when it produces real change all of a sudden.	当它突然产生真正的变化。
1106	These examples do not refute our case, they illustrate it.	这些例子并不反驳我们的情况,而是说明了这一点。
1107	The opposition has told us that even symbolic activism raises awareness,	反对派告诉我们,即使是象征性的行动提高人们的认识,
1108	and that awareness is preferable to silence.	认识是宁可沉默。
1109	But better than nothing is a remarkably low ambition for something as serious	但比什么都好,对于一个严肃的事物来说, 雄心是很低的
1110	as political change.	作为政治变革。
1111	And there is a less comfortable point.	还有一个不太舒服的问题。
1112	If expressing concern online creates a subjective feeling of having acted,	如果在网上表达关切,就会产生一种主观的行为感,
1113	evidence suggests it can reduce the likelihood of acting further.	有证据表明,它可以减少进一步采取行动的可能性。
1114	Awareness that substitutes for engagement is not neutral, it's actively obstructive.	意识到替代接触不是中立的,是积极阻塞的.
1115	Perhaps the most sophisticated rebuttal from the opposition is this.	也许反对派最尖端的反驳就是这一点。
1116	Even without immediate policy change, activism shifts culture.	即使不立即改变政策,行动主义也会改变文化。
1117	It moves the boundary of what is thinkable and sayable.	它移动着可思考和可说的内容的界限。
1118	There is genuine force and merit to this, but durable shifts in culture are reinforced	这一点具有真正的力量和价值,但文化的持久转变得到加强。
1119	through institutions, through education, through law and sustained public reasoning.	通过机构,通过教育,通过法律和持续的公共推理.
1120	When engagement is reactive, when it's brief and driven by the rhythms	当约定是被动的, 当它简短的和驱动的节奏
1121	of these platforms, it produces noise.	这些平台, 它产生噪音。
1122	It does not settle into change norms, it simply passes.	它不会变成改变的规范,只是通过而已。
1123	Now, I'm not here to apportion blame, nor am I here to point fingers at anybody.	我不是来责备别人的也不是来指责任何人的
1124	This is also not a council of contempt for young people.	这也不是一个蔑视年轻人的理事会。
1125	It is a council of contempt for a political culture that has made performance	它是一个蔑视政治文化的议会,
1126	the path of least resistance, and then had the audacity to be disappointed	抵抗最小的路,然后大胆地失望
1127	when that is what it gets.	当它得到了什么。
1128	We are not arguing that young people do not care, they plainly do.	我们并不认为年轻人不在乎,他们显然不在乎。
1129	We are not arguing that no youth activism produces change, it plainly does.	我们并不认为任何青年活动都会产生变化,
1130	What we are arguing is that the dominant form shaped by the incentives of social	我们所争论的是,由社会刺激形成的主导形式。
1131	media rewarded by its architecture practiced by the overwhelming majority	媒体受到绝大多数媒体的奖励
1132	is performative.	具有表演性。
1133	It is optimized for expression, not for impact, and a culture that rewards	它被优化的表达,而不是影响, 和奖励的文化
1134	the appearance of conviction more than the difficult, unglamorous work	信念的出现胜过艰难、不光彩的工作
1135	of institutional change will continue to produce exactly that.	体制改革将继续产生这种结果。
1136	Madam President, members of the House, I beg to propose.	主席女士,各位议员,我恳请提议。
1137	Thank you.	谢谢
1138	Thank you very much for that speech, Aruch.	非常感谢你的演讲,阿鲁奇
1139	I now call upon the fourth speaker on side, opposition, Zander Moritz.	我现在请反对的第四位发言者赞德·莫里茨发言。
1140	This House believes that modern youth activism is primarily performative	本院认为现代青年运动主要是表演
1141	because this House makes four mistakes.	因为本院犯了四个错误。
1142	This House believes that one, performance is performativity,	本院认为,一, 表演是表演,
1143	that two, intention is impact, that three, activism is organizing,	二,意图是影响, 三,活动组织,
1144	and that four, condition is character.	第四,条件就是个性
1145	This House is wrong, so let's break it down.	此院错,故曰破.
1146	Mistake one, performance is not performativity.	错误的一, 性能不是表现。
1147	Performance is public, visible community,	表演是公开的,显眼的社区,
1148	communication of an idea to an audience, like this.	向观众传达一个想法,像这样。
1149	Performative is a word to describe actions taken with the selfish intention	表演是用来形容出于自私目的所采取的行动
1150	of building personal capital.	建设个人资本。
1151	Protests, petitions, posts, speeches, strikes, sit-ins,	抗议、请愿、文章、演讲、罢工、静坐
1152	these are all performances.	这些都是表演。
1153	That does not make the students of Greensboro, the suffragettes,	这并不能使格林斯伯勒的学生, 选帝侯,
1154	Malala Yousafzai, or the Memphis Annotation Workers performative.	马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊(Malala Yousafzai),或孟菲斯注解工人表演.
1155	It makes them, amongst many amazing things, performers.	这让他们,在很多惊人的事情中, 表演者。
1156	So if performance alone does not prove performativity what does,	所以,如果单凭表演不能证明表现什么的,
1157	the proposition would have to prove motive.	该提议必须证明动机。
1158	It would have to prove that these actions are being taken for appearance	它必须证明这些行动是被公开的
1159	rather than change.	而不是改变。
1160	And that brings us to mistake two, intention is not impact.	这使我们犯了两个错误,意图不是影响。
1161	You cannot assess performativity unless you are the one taking the action,	你无法评估性能除非是你采取行动
1162	or you're a mind reader, or you're God.	或者你读心术或者你是上帝
1163	You can, however, assess impact, which I think makes for a far more	然而,你可以评估影响,我认为这更有助于
1164	interesting debate, so let's have it.	有趣的辩论,让我们有它。
1165	Is youth activism effective?	青年活动是否有效?
1166	Yes, but not if you expect it to produce the result of organizing,	是的,但如果你期望它产生组织的结果,
1167	which brings us to mistake three, activism is not organizing.	这让我们犯了三个错误, 行动主义是没有组织的。
1168	Activism is the work of promoting a social cause and building awareness	行动主义是促进社会事业和提高认识的工作
1169	through direct action, and by definition is performance.	直接行动,顾名思义,就是表现。
1170	Organizing is the sustained daily work of building relationships, leverage,	组织是持续日常的工作建立关系,杠杆,
1171	and collective power in order to create durable political or social change.	和集体权力,以便产生持久的政治或社会变革。
1172	I do not go to a protest expecting the government to structurally	我不会去抗议期待政府的结构
1173	transform the next day, for the same reason I do not go on a run	第二天换衣服,我也不跑
1174	and expect my bicep to grow.	并期望我的双眼长大。
1175	If I want to capture and build awareness, the prerequisite for every	如果我想捕捉和提高认识,
1176	successfully secured social change in history, I engage in activism.	我成功地实现了历史上的社会变革,我从事了活动。
1177	I go to a protest and I sign a petition.	我去抗议,我签了一份请愿书。
1178	If I want to materially change the structure of government, the policies	如果我想在实质上改变政府结构,政策
1179	produced by it, and the relationship my community has with it,	由它产生, 和我社区与它的关系,
1180	I engage in organizing.	我参与组织。
1181	I go to my legislature and I support my union.	我去我的立法机构,我支持我的工会。
1182	None of these actions are performative, and their effectiveness shall not	这些行动无一是可执行的,其效力不应
1183	be compared.	比较一下
1184	Running is better for raising your heart rate, and lifting weights is	跑更能提高心跳举重更能提高心跳
1185	better for building muscle.	更适合建立肌肉。
1186	Activism is better for raising awareness, and organizing is better	行动主义更有利于提高认识,组织起来更好
1187	for building power.	建筑动力。
1188	Both make for a healthy body or healthy society.	两者都是健康的身体或健康的社会。
1189	At this point, the proposition will bully today's young people and you	现在这个提议会欺负今天的年轻人和你
1190	into believing that organizing is being replaced with activism.	相信组织正在被行动主义所取代。
1191	That our young people are avoiding long-term, durable effort and replacing	我们的年轻人正在避免长期、持久的努力,并取代
1192	it with surface-level reactionary action.	它与表面反动动作。
1193	Basically, the proposition is saying that youth activists are skipping	基本上,这个提议是说青年活动家跳过
1194	the leg day, but it's simply not true.	腿日,但这根本不是真的。
1195	The problem with the proposition's nostalgia is that it imagines a direct	命题的怀旧问题是它想象着一个直接的
1196	trade-off, that the young person who 50 years ago would have joined Freedom	50年前的年轻人会加入自由
1197	Summer in Mississippi is now merely posting on Instagram or attending	密西西比的夏天现在只是张贴在Instagram或出席
1198	marches in an inflatable frog costume.	穿着充气的青蛙服装游行.
1199	The problem is that these young people are still organizing today.	问题是,这些年轻人今天仍在组织起来。
1200	That young person still exists.	那个年轻人仍然存在。
1201	They are registering voters and creating safe spaces with dream defenders.	他们正在登记选民,并为梦想捍卫者创造安全空间。
1202	They are changing laws with march for our lives.	他们正在改变法律为我们的生命游行。
1203	They are building coalitions and taking governments to court and winning,	他们正在建立联盟并带政府上法庭和赢得,
1204	like the students in Montana.	就像蒙大拿的学生一样
1205	The people who post on social media and do nothing more, more likely than not,	那些在社交媒体上发帖却无所事事的人
1206	are people who 50 years ago would have done nothing at all.	50年前就什么都不会做的人
1207	So what changed?	那又怎样?
1208	The internet.	互联网.
1209	The threshold to get involved in social movements was lowered.	参与社会运动的门槛降低。
1210	The gate was opened.	大门被打开了。
1211	The starting line was brought closer.	起点线被拉近了.
1212	And that brings us to the fourth, final and most fatal mistake that the	这让我们想到第四个,最后和最致命的错误
1213	proposition makes.	命中注定
1214	Condition is not character.	条件不是个性.
1215	Today, young people without even meaning to, without even wanting to, can scroll	今天,没有意义,甚至没有愿望的年轻人可以滚动
1216	through a genocide, a school shooting and a drowning polar bear before lunch.	一场种族灭绝一场学校枪击还有一场午餐前淹死的北极熊
1217	The world is crumbling in our pockets, and the instinct of young people to	这个世界在我们的口袋里崩溃年轻人的本能
1218	respond to these atrocities in the same place we first see them is not careless.	我们第一次看到这些暴行时也要对这些暴行作出反应
1219	It is obvious.	这很明显。
1220	Today's young people are exposed to politics earlier than their lives and	今天的年轻人比生命更早地接触到政治
1221	more often than any generation before them.	比他们之前的任何一代都更频繁
1222	Today's young people are being exposed to everything, everywhere, all at once,	今天的年轻人被暴露在一切, 无处不在,所有的时间,
1223	but we're not always getting our facts from verifiable sources.	但我们并不总是从可核实的来源得到我们的事实。
1224	And we're not always being challenged before we think, say or do.	而且我们并非总是在思考、说或做之前受到挑战。
1225	That doesn't mean we don't care, and it doesn't mean we care less.	这并不意味着我们不在乎,也不意味着我们在乎更少.
1226	It just means that when hundreds of millions of young people are given	它只是意味着,当亿万年轻人得到
1227	constructionless tools on how to reshape society, that sometimes what we're	关于如何重塑社会的无建构工具, 有时我们是什么
1228	building gets wobbly.	大楼变得摇摆不定。
1229	Does that make youth activism performative or does that make it messy?	这是否使青年积极性能够发挥作用,
1230	Does that make the independent variable our generation's character or its	这是否使我们这一代人的性格或性格
1231	condition?	条件?
1232	A generation ago, to learn about a political issue, you needed to wait for	一代之前,为了了解一个政治问题,你需要等待
1233	it to be reported on by the media.	由媒体报道。
1234	You needed to read about it in the paper or see it on the news.	你得在报纸上读到或者在新闻上看到
1235	To talk about a political issue, you had to join clubs after school or wait till	要谈政治问题,你放学后必须加入俱乐部,否则就等着
1236	you were home at the dinner table.	你回到了饭桌上
1237	And to take action on a political issue, you needed to move your body and go to	为了对一个政治问题采取行动你需要移动你的身体去
1238	union houses, to community centers, to churches and to parks.	工会之家、社区中心、教堂和公园。
1239	These barriers to entry were good and they were bad.	这些进入障碍是好的,也是坏的。
1240	They meant that the quality of activism remained relatively high because more	他们的意思是,活动的质量仍然较高,因为
1241	energy, time and thought was demanded to be put into it.	需要精力、时间和思想投入其中。
1242	But it also meant that the young person without a cable set or parents with a	但也意味着没有电缆的年轻人或父母
1243	limited worldview wasn't learning at all.	有限的世界观根本不是学习。
1244	It meant that the young person who worked after school or had a younger sibling to	意思是放学后工作或有弟弟的年轻人
1245	take care of was never going to make it to the union house to learn about labor or	照顾它永远不会去工会之家学习劳动或
1246	to club meetings to debate about democracy.	参加俱乐部会议讨论民主问题。
1247	These young people who cared, who had character, were never getting involved at	这些关心,有性格的年轻人从来没有参与过
1248	all due to the conditions around them.	都是因为周围的条件
1249	Fortunately, things have changed.	幸运的是,情况发生了变化。
1250	Today, to learn about a political issue, all you need to do is go to Instagram and	今天,为了了解一个政治问题,你只需要去Instagram和
1251	watch one of the reels Khalil thoughtfully produces or check out an episode of Fiona's	看其中的一集哈利勒深思熟虑的制作或检查菲奥娜的一集
1252	podcast to talk about a political issue and change the fate of your state.	播客谈政治问题改变你国家的命运
1253	You need only join a Discord server like the one Shashua created to start taking	您只需要加入一个 Discord 服务器就像夏华公司创建的服务器一样
1254	action on these issues.	(b) 就这些问题采取行动。
1255	You need only join a Zoom with Xander or a nonprofit like Sea Alliance.	你只需要和Xander或者像海洋联盟这样的非营利组织一起加入一个Zoom
1256	It does not mean that all or even most young people stop being involved there, but	这并不意味着所有甚至大多数年轻人都不再参与其中,但
1257	it does mean that more young people get to start being involved, period.	这确实意味着更多的年轻人开始参与,期间。
1258	That means that the conditions of activism have changed, not the character that drives	这意味着行动的条件已经改变,而不是推动
1259	it.	这个
1260	Performance is not performativity.	性能不是性能。
1261	Intention is not impact.	意图不是影响。
1262	Activism is not organizing and condition is not character.	行动主义不是有组织的,条件也不是个性。
1263	Definitions matter and I'm using your dictionary, Oxford.	定义很重要我在用你的字典牛津
1264	So let's leave behind the bitter cynicism.	故舍离苦恼怨.
1265	Let's embrace productive critique and let's get it together.	让我们拥抱有成果的批评,并把它集中起来.
1266	Modern youth activism is not primarily performative, but slapping a wrist instead	现代青年运动不是主要表现,而是拍手
1267	of offering a hand most certainly is.	援助的确是援助者。
1268	Thank you Xander for that speech.	谢谢你桑德的演讲
1269	I now call upon the closing side of side proposition, Oliver Carter, otherwise known as	现在,我呼吁结束一边的提议,奥利弗·卡特, 或称
1270	Oliver's Oxford.	奥利弗的牛津。
1271	Thank you.	谢谢
1272	I'd just like to start by saying Xander, I feel like you're kind of straw manning	我想先说一下桑德我感觉你好像在做草人
1273	because I'd never say you skipped leg day.	因为我从来没有说过你跳过腿日。
1274	No, guys, I'm cooked.	不,伙计们,我已经煮熟了。
1275	You're going to understand why in a moment.	你很快就会明白原因的
1276	So it's my job to sum up the arguments of the proposition.	因此,我的工作是总结这个提议的论点.
1277	I was going to say in case you missed any of it or found yourself scrolling reels	我本来想说以防你错过了或发现自己卷轴
1278	thinking, yeah, I can concentrate on both, but to be honest, I sort of lost track	想想,是的,我可以专心于两者, 但说实话,我有点迷路了
1279	halfway through because I started panicking because I realized I looked at the motion	半途而废是因为我开始惊慌失措因为我意识到我看着运动
1280	about a month ago and I thought it said social media activism is primarily	大约一个月前,我想它说社交媒体活动主要是
1281	performative, which is not ideal.	表演,这是不理想的。
1282	So you have to forgive me.	所以你必须原谅我
1283	I'm not going to be particularly coherent and it's not just the jet lag from getting	我并不会特别协调不只是因为飞机落后
1284	back from China last night.	昨晚从中国回来的
1285	But, you know, I'll try and improvising some concluding remarks on the fly.	但是,你知道,我会尝试并即兴一些结论性的话在苍蝇。
1286	It's pretty daunting prospect.	这是相当可怕的前景。
1287	I'm sure it'll be fine.	我敢肯定,这将是罚款。
1288	It's not like the opposition's ending with a king's council who's spent his entire	这不像是反对派的结局一个国王的议会谁花了他的全部
1289	professional career honing this very skill.	专业生涯磨练了这种技巧
1290	But hey, the opposition have argued that, you know, social media, youth activism is	但是,嘿,反对派认为, 你知道,社交媒体,青年活动是
1291	is not primarily performative.	并非主要表现。
1292	And we're going to get into that.	我们要进入其中。
1293	I promise.	我保证
1294	Look, we started with Michael.	我们从迈克尔开始的
1295	I'll just go through a few of the things that that I thought, yes, it's honestly all	我只是通过一些事情我想,是的,这是所有的
1296	about social media.	关于社交媒体.
1297	I was like, guys, why?	我就像,伙计们,为什么?
1298	Why is no one addressing the actual issue?	为什么没有人讨论实际问题?
1299	We're talking about social media activism.	我们在谈论社交媒体活动。
1300	No, we're not.	不,我们不是。
1301	But I do have to say that even so, I don't think we have fully addressed the issue on	但是,我不得不说,即使如此, 我认为我们还没有完全解决
1302	the opposition side.	反对派
1303	What would you say is embarrassing for me?	你会说什么让我尴尬?
1304	OK, I mean, it is embarrassing, but I do social media in Oxford for a living.	好吧,我的意思是,这是尴尬的, 但我做社交媒体在牛津为生。
1305	So, like, can't get much more embarrassing than that.	所以,像,没有比这更尴尬的了。
1306	I don't feel as though it's been properly discussed.	我觉得好像没好好讨论过
1307	You know, we're talking about youth activism being primarily performative.	你知道,我们谈论的是青年活动主要是表演性的。
1308	And, yeah, you've brought up some amazing, amazing instances of where youth activism	而且,是的,你已经提出一些惊人,惊人的例子青年活动
1309	has done amazing.	已经做了惊人的。
1310	And we love to hear that.	我们很乐意听到这个
1311	But I feel like there was no discussion of any time when there's been, you know, viral	但我觉得没有任何讨论当有,你知道,病毒
1312	trends of of male signaling their actions through performativity.	男性通过表演来表明其行动的趋势。
1313	Thanks, Madam President, for letting me do this.	谢谢你,主席女士,让我这样做。
1314	Mom and dad, to explain the joke to you, there's a specific type of man who will dress a	妈妈和爸爸,跟你解释一下笑话, 有一个特定的类型的人谁会穿一个
1315	certain way and he will always have a feminist book to hand and he'll drink this glorious	他总有一本女权主义的书要拿喝光了
1316	green liquid called matcha, almost as delicious as the writings of Gloria Steinem.	绿色液体叫火柴,几乎和格洛丽亚·斯泰因姆的著作一样美味.
1317	Yeah, that's that's that's I've piqued, guys.	是的,这就是我所知道的,伙计们。
1318	No, look, the lawyer in me, and to be clear, that's because I studied law, not because	不,你看,我的律师, 并说清楚, 那是因为我学习法律,不是因为
1319	I'm an Australian and I never mind.	我是澳大利亚人,我无所谓
1320	You knew I meant the lawyer in me wants to say that realistically, it depends.	你知道我的意思我的律师想现实地说, 这取决于。
1321	It depends on what we mean by activism.	这取决于我们所说的行动主义。
1322	It depends on what we mean by not social media.	这取决于我们的意思不是社交媒体。
1323	It depends on what we mean by primarily.	这取决于我们主要是指什么。
1324	It depends on what we mean by performative.	这取决于我们表演的意义。
1325	I think we can probably all agree on is performative if we were to take, you know,	我想我们也许都能达成一致如果我们采取,你知道,
1326	Austin's definition, and we should at least consider it because I don't want my	奥斯汀的定义,我们至少应该考虑一下, 因为我不想我的
1327	third year jurisprudence classes to go to complete waste.	三年级的法学课程完全浪费。
1328	Austin coined the term performative and as as performing an action.	奥斯汀发明了这个术语表演和作为行动。
1329	And if we take Austin's idea, then there's no doubt that you've got to walk through	如果我们采纳奥斯汀的主意那么毫无疑问你必须走过去
1330	that idol.	那个偶像
1331	And by the way, can I just say I've never been to a union debate?	顺便说一句,我可以说我从来没有参加过工会辩论吗?
1332	You can tell I'm, you know, padding for time.	你可以看到我,你知道, 等待时间。
1333	I've never been to a union debate.	我从来没有参加工会辩论。
1334	I think it is crazy that you can walk out halfway through and your vote count.	我认为这是疯狂的,你可以走出去一半通过和你的选票计票。
1335	If that's not if that doesn't show some element of performative performativity, I	如果不是,如果它没有显示一些表演性元素,我
1336	don't even know the word in in in our youth activism, what does?	连我们青年运动中的字眼都不知道,
1337	Because we're meant to be here to discuss emotion.	因为我们是来讨论情感的
1338	If you leave halfway through or you leave after listening to the person you wanted to	如果你半途而废,或者在听完你想要的人之后离开
1339	hear, how are you going to hear the entire argument?	听着,你怎么能听到整个争论?
1340	I think that should be changed motion to change that's OK anyway, but you know,	我觉得这应该改变动议改变,无论如何,这是好的,但你知道,
1341	we're not using Austin's definition of performative.	我们没有使用奥斯汀的定义表演。
1342	We're using the definition that everyone everyone means by performative.	我们用的定义是每个人都意味着表演。
1343	It means to put on a performance so that we can present ourselves in a certain way	意思是表演一下这样我们才能以某种方式展现自己
1344	to other people.	给别人
1345	And I think it's almost certainly true that youth activism is primarily	我认为,几乎可以肯定的是,青年运动主要是
1346	performative because almost everything is primarily performative.	表演,因为几乎所有的东西都主要是表演性的。
1347	I don't need to explain memes to you.	我不需要跟你解释
1348	We've all read Dawkins, but humans are not some higher beings.	我们都读过道金斯但人类不是更高层次的人
1349	Ultimately, we're just animals driven by an urge to carry on the bloodline, much	归根结底,我们只是被驱使的动物冲动在血脉上,很多
1350	like baboons will show off their dump trucks to attract mates.	就像蟑螂会炫耀他们的垃圾车吸引伴侣。
1351	Humans put on a show to signal their political views, allowing them to in	人类上演一个节目来表达他们的政治观点,让他们进入
1352	group with people they'd like to mate with, you know, it says it all in	和他们想交配的人在一起上面写着
1353	performative male.	男演员
1354	That's the name of the trend, by the way, mom, performative male is talking about	顺便说一句妈妈演艺的男性在说这个
1355	males, not about man on a subconscious level.	男人,不是潜意识层面的人
1356	We've reduced it to the base biological instinct and come on, like the hordes of	我们把它简化为生物本能并开始,像群群
1357	women turning up to performative male contests certainly can't disagree that it	女选手来参加男选手的比赛绝对不能不同意
1358	works.	工作时
1359	The male has been able to signal his, you know, political view of liking feminism	雄性可以表达出他喜欢女性主义的政治观点
1360	and it's got him quite a few mates, some of those things.	他有很多朋友其中一些东西
1361	So many people nowadays will say that, you know, a labor person won't date a	这么多人现在会说, 你知道,一个劳工不会约会一个
1362	Tory, a Tory person.	托里,一个托里的人。
1363	Well, actually, they're kind of better at saying that they would date a labor, but	实际上,他们更喜欢说他们会约会一个劳动力,但
1364	you've got to ask yourself why.	你要问自己为什么
1365	Um, so what better way to keep yourself in the pool of potential partners than	那么,还有什么更好的办法让自己留在潜在伙伴的池中比
1366	with with a performative political post.	并担任政治职务。
1367	And I think the fact that I misunderstood the debate motion as being about social	我认为我误解了辩论动议是关于社会
1368	media does say something, you know, Zander mentioned it.	媒体确实说了些什么,你知道的,Zander提到了这一点。
1369	A lot of activism today is on social media and yes, real world examples are	今天许多活动都在社交媒体上,
1370	still doing amazing, amazing things.	仍然做着令人惊奇的事
1371	But so much today is on social media because so much of our lives are on social	但今天这么多都是在社交媒体上因为我们生活中的这么多都是在社交上
1372	media.	媒体。
1373	And when we talk about the motion, it talks about primarily performative.	当我们谈论动议的时候, 它主要谈论表演。
1374	And when such a vast majority of activism is on social media, it would take so much	当社会媒体上出现如此多的积极性时,
1375	more for it to not be primarily performative.	更多的是,它不能主要发挥。
1376	There's just so much slop on the internet now that there is so much performative	现在网络上有很多东西以至于有太多的表演
1377	what's the debate again, activism, performative activism.	何谓辩论, 行动主义, 表演主义。
1378	There we go.	开始了
1379	Guys, I wasn't lying when I told you I was going to be winging it, but look, I will	伙计们,我没骗你,当我告诉你我要去翼它,但你看,我会
1380	keep it short.	保持简短。
1381	We probably won't go to the bell with me and that'll be nice for everyone else.	我们可能不会和我一起去敲钟这样对大家都好
1382	Um, but yeah, that basically more or less concludes it.	嗯,但是,是的,基本上,这大致结束。
1383	You know, I don't think the opposition have really engaged with the fact that	你知道,我不认为反对派真正参与的事实
1384	we're talking about primarily performative.	我们谈论的主要是表演。
1385	There are plenty of amazing examples of where it hasn't been performative, but so	有很多惊人的例子说明它没有表现,但是,
1386	much of our life is online and so much activism is online and so much of it is	我们的生活大多是在线的如此多的活动是在线的
1387	self-serving because ultimately human beings are animals that only care about	自我服务因为最终人类是只关心
1388	continuing the bloodline, getting laid.	继续血脉, 做爱。
1389	And what better way to do that than with a performative post.	还有比做演艺员更好的办法
1390	So, um, point of interest.	所以,嗯,点的兴趣。
1391	Oh, of course, Kaleo, please tell me speaking of performative.	哦,当然,卡莱奥,请告诉我说表演。
1392	Is there anything you'd like to promote as an influence?	你想宣传什么作为影响吗?
1393	Oh, thank you so much.	哦,谢谢你这么多。
1394	Um, I would like to, yeah, well, the way I was going to try and shoehorn it in is	嗯,我想,是的,嗯, 我要尝试和鞋套它英寸
1395	there's so much online now that prevents us from seeing really important	现在网上有很多东西阻止我们看到很重要的东西
1396	information, you know, like actual useful protests going on or really important	信息,你知道, 像实际有用的抗议正在进行或真正重要
1397	book announcements inside Oxford pre-order now.	牛津大学内部的书刊预购
1398	Thanks guys.	谢谢各位。
1399	Before I pass over, I'd like to take a moment to thank Jolyon for his tireless	在我过去之前,我想花点时间感谢乔里昂的不倦
1400	work for the trans community and remind the audience that given the skilled	并提醒观众,由于技术熟练,
1401	advocacy, he will undoubtedly put forward a seemingly compelling case for the	他无疑会提出一个似乎很有说服力的理由
1402	opposition.	反对。
1403	However, as you listen to the twist of the narrative, it bears reminding the	然而,当你听曲折的叙述, 它值得提醒
1404	JK Rowling herself, who was what again?	JK罗林自己又是谁?
1405	There we go.	开始了
1406	And Anna what?	还有安娜什么?
1407	Oh乎.
1408	Well, of course, JK Rowling herself once called my learning friend a fixated	当然,JK罗林本人曾称我的学习朋友是固定的
1409	loon.	疯子
1410	So can we really trust anything he says over to you Jolyon?	那么我们真的可以相信他对你说的话吗?
1411	That was interesting.	这很有趣。
1412	I forgot my match.	我忘了我的比赛。
1413	I'm not entirely sure how the match ended up in the dispatch box.	我不完全确定比赛怎么会在调度箱里
1414	Okay.	摆
1415	Now closing the case for side opposition is Mr.	现在结束对侧面反对的辩护是Mr.
1416	Jolyon Mon Casey.	乔里昂·蒙·凯西.
1417	I feel a bit bad joining the queue to tease Mr.	我觉得加入排队取笑先生有点不好
1418	Kerchik, whose speech I thought was learned, funny, erudite, and which also	Kerchik,他的演讲我认为是学习,搞笑,研究,还有
1419	did probably more to support the opposition motion than anything I might	可能更支持反对动议比任何事情我可能
1420	say.	说吧
1421	I did contemplate relinquishing my spot and inviting him to give it again, but	我确实想过放弃我的位置并且邀请他再次给予它,但
1422	it didn't feel quite in the spirit of the evening.	感觉不太像今晚的精神
1423	你们这些不认识我的人我叫Jolyon Mougham
1424	I am a Casey and I founded and run Good Law Project, which is by some distance,	我是一个凯西,我创立和运行好法律项目, 这是一些距离,
1425	the largest progressive strategic litigation organisation in the country.	国家最大的进步战略诉讼组织。
1426	Almost all of our money, 85% comes from members of the public.	我们几乎所有的钱,85%来自公众。
1427	That's more than 30,000 people give us money every month.	每月有三万多人给我们钱.
1428	And we know because we have the data that young people give us more.	我们知道,因为我们有年轻人给我们更多的数据。
1429	Despite having less and giving is a form of activism, of course, as well.	当然,尽管得到的减少和给予也是一种积极性。
1430	It's not performative, whatever that word means.	它不是表演性的, 不管这个词的意思。
1431	But I haven't come here this evening to deliver a homily on the benefits of	但我今晚不是来送一个荣誉关于好处
1432	dropping coppers in the collection plate.	在收集板上丢铜.
1433	I have come because I am angry.	我来这里是因为我很生气
1434	In fact, I am furious about the deliberate attempts of successive	事实上,我对接连不断的企图感到愤怒
1435	governments working hand in glove with our increasingly	政府越来越多地与我们携手合作
1436	authoritarian right-wing press to constrain the space	专制的右翼媒体限制空间
1437	for young people to participate meaningfully	青年有意义地参与
1438	in democracy through activism.	在民主中通过行动主义。
1439	Let me describe the world as it exists today.	让我描述一下今天的世界。
1440	If you are a young activist, anything you do	如果你是一个年轻的活动家,你做什么
1441	might be captured by a phone and put on social media,	可能会被电话抓住并放到社交媒体上,
1442	searchable in the future by whatever employers	今后可由任何雇主寻找
1443	remain in a jobs market decimated by AI.	继续留在被大赦国际摧毁的就业市场。
1444	You have enormous student loans unimaginable to your parents generation.	你父母这一代人有无法想象的大量学生贷款。
1445	And unless you are lucky enough to have wealthy parents,	除非你很幸运能有富有的父母
1446	the dream of owning your own home is not a good dream, but a pipe dream.	拥有自己家的梦想不是好梦而是烟斗梦
1447	So, you know, you are keenly aware	所以,你知道, 你非常清楚,
1448	what activism costs, what it will mean for your future life.	行动的代价对你未来生活的意义
1449	But what about your life today?	那你今天的生活怎么办?
1450	You live in a world in which a reform politician, Stuart Pryor, can say.	你生活在一个改革政治人物斯图尔特·普赖尔可以说的世界中.
1451	And I apologize for uttering these words of his in this place.	我为他在这里说这些话而道歉。
1452	Stuart Pryor can say there cannot be a genocide against Muslims.	斯图尔特·普赖尔可以说,对穆斯林不能有种族灭绝.
1453	It's only ever self-defense against those rats	只有自卫才能对付那些老鼠
1454	and still be elected, not sacked, no criminal charges.	并且仍然被选举, 不被解雇, 没有刑事指控。
1455	But were he invited to speak in this hall,	但他被邀请在这个大厅里演讲
1456	him or others with similarly contemptible views?	他或者有类似可鄙观点的其他人?
1457	I might give the example of Tommy Robinson.	我可以举汤米·罗宾逊的例子
1458	And you exercised your free speech rights to disrupt him.	你行使了言论自由的权利来扰乱他
1459	Your university would face fines of hundreds of thousands of pounds,	你的大学会面临数十万磅的罚款,
1460	fines levied by an institution whose name Orwell will have relished	该机构的罚款,其名称Orwell将被删除
1461	the office for, remarkably, for students.	给学生的办公室
1462	And just to rub salt into those wounds a little, it is you	就为了把盐涂进伤口里就是你
1463	through those student loans who pay for the privilege of having your speech censored.	通过学生贷款支付特权让你的言论受到审查。
1464	You might bridle a little at the fact that the law protects	你可能会在法律保护下稍稍放松一下
1465	the free expression of bigots, but not those who fight to create space	自由表达偏执的人, 而不是那些为创造空间而奋斗的人
1466	for their minoritized friends.	他们的朋友。
1467	But if you call them out as bigots, you risk, as did students	但如果你叫他们偏执,你冒险,学生也冒险
1468	who spoke out against Kathleen Stock's hatred,	他直言反对凯瑟琳·斯托克的仇恨
1469	a letter from her expensive lawyers, a threat of defamation action.	她昂贵的律师来信威胁要诽谤
1470	And having nowhere to turn, you issue a humiliating apology,	无处可去,你发出羞辱的道歉,
1471	despite being right.	尽管是对的。
1472	Let's say you raise your head to activism about the world beyond.	让我们假设你抬起头来对世界之外的活动。
1473	And here I have to talk about what is happening in Israel.	在这里,我要谈谈以色列正在发生的事情。
1474	And I acknowledge that it is difficult to do with sensitivity,	我承认,这很难与敏感性,
1475	but it is important that we do, because it's where the pressures are	但重要的是,我们这样做, 因为压力在哪里
1476	most acute against activism.	最强烈地反对行动主义。
1477	You read in the Financial Times, as I did, that Tamir Pado,	你和我在《金融时报》上一样读到塔米尔帕多
1478	once head of Mossad, has said the actions of settlers, and I quote,	曾经是摩萨德的首领, 曾经说过定居者的行为, 我引用,
1479	reminded him of the events that happened against Jews in the last century.	使他想起上个世纪针对犹太人的事件.
1480	A powerful, powerful charge, one that,	一个强大的,强大的电荷,一个,
1481	if the IHRA definition of anti-Semitism remains cogent today,	如果国际人权协会对反犹太主义的定义今天仍然具有说服力,
1482	amounts to a charge of anti-Semitism by a former head of Mossad.	相当于莫萨德前领导人对反犹太主义的指控。
1483	You read that and you remember how history has rightly judged	你读了这些你还记得历史是如何正确判断的
1484	those who looked and saw, but failed to act.	那些目击和目击但未能采取行动的人。
1485	And remembering that lesson from history,	记住历史教训,
1486	you hold up a sign in public that says we need Palestine action.	你在公众场合举着一个牌子说我们需要巴勒斯坦的行动
1487	If, unluckily for you, there should happen to be a passing policewoman,	如果,不幸的你, 应该有一个经过的女警察,
1488	she will arrest you for the Terrorism Act offence of, and here I quote,	她会以《恐怖主义法案》罪名逮捕你我在此引述
1489	displaying an article which arouses reasonable suspicion	展示引起合理怀疑的文章
1490	that you are a supporter of a prescribed organisation.	您是指定组织的支持者。
1491	You don't need to have supported Palestine action.	你不需要支持巴勒斯坦的行动。
1492	It's enough that your sign displayed in a public place	你的标志在公共场所展示就够了
1493	arouses reasonable suspicion that you support Palestine action.	令人有理由怀疑你支持巴勒斯坦的行动。
1494	You might think that is really not very good,	你可能会觉得这不怎么好
1495	given what the state of Israel is doing in Palestine, in Lebanon.	鉴于以色列国正在巴勒斯坦和黎巴嫩做什么。
1496	But it is not enough for this authoritarian Labour government.	但对于这个专制的工党政府来说是不够的.
1497	A fortnight ago, Keir Starmer brought the hammer down on students even further	两周前,凯尔·斯塔默把锤子拿给学生
1498	with a series of further demands about universities and anti-Semitism.	对大学和反犹太主义提出了一系列进一步的要求。
1499	They need to take vigorous action against anti-Semitic students,	他们需要对反犹学生采取有力行动,
1500	Keir Starmer说。
1501	Now, there is no doubt, I want to say this really, really clearly,	现在,毫无疑问,我想说的是,真的,非常清楚,
1502	there is no doubt that anti-Semitism is on the rise in the UK.	毫无疑问,反犹太主义在联合王国正在抬头。
1503	We see it in our social media feeds, we hear it on the streets,	我们在社交媒体上看到,我们在街上听到
1504	and we should believe our Jewish family and friends	我们应该相信我们的犹太人家人和朋友
1505	when they tell us that they are experiencing anti-Semitism,	当他们告诉我们他们正在经历反犹太主义时,
1506	just as we believe other minoritised groups when they tell us	就像我们相信其他小团体当他们告诉我们
1507	that they are experiencing hatred or bigotry.	他们正在遭受仇恨或偏见。
1508	And it is imperative that we tackle that rise	我们必须应对这种上升
1509	because Jews have exactly the same rights to live confidently and in dignity	因为犹太人有同样的权利自信和有尊严地生活
1510	as do our trans family and our Muslim family.	我们的跨家庭和我们的穆斯林家庭。
1511	But I also say this,	但我也这么说
1512	where is the evidence of a rise of anti-Semitism in universities?	大学反犹太主义抬头的证据在哪里?
1513	The latest figures I can find are from the Community Security Trust 2025 report	最新数字来自2025年社区安全信托基金报告
1514	which says, and I quote,	上面写着,我引用
1515	a decrease was also logged in the number of anti-Semitic incidents	反犹太主义事件的数量也有所减少
1516	reported in higher education.	高等教育。
1517	In 2025, 78 cases of anti-Jewish hate were recorded by CST.	2025年,科技委员会记录了78起反犹太仇恨案件.
1518	This is a significant drop of 41%	这明显下降了41%
1519	from the 133 university-related incidents reported in 2024	2024年报告的133起与大学有关的事件
1520	when 68 happened on campus and 65 online.	当68发生在校园和65在线。
1521	We have about 160...	我们有大约160...
1522	I'm sorry, time is against me.	对不起,时间对我不利
1523	We have about 160 universities.	我们有大约160所大学。
1524	That makes it about half an incident of anti-Semitism per year	所以每年有一半的反犹太主义事件
1525	per university and falling fast.	每所大学都迅速下降
1526	Any is too many.	任何东西都太多了。
1527	But do these numbers really justify Starmer warning universities	但是这些数字真的证明星际警告大学是正当的吗?
1528	and threatening measures which will, and I would guess are intended to,	以及威胁性的措施,我猜是打算,
1529	have a chilling effect on criticism of Israel?	对批评以色列有冷漠的影响吗?
1530	Criticism which is legitimate on any view,	批评是合法的观点,
1531	and I would argue morally necessary.	而我认为道德上是必需的。
1532	We cannot judge the quality of the activism that takes place today online	我们无法判断今天在网上的活动质量。
1533	without acknowledging that successive governments have again and again	却不承认历届政府一再
1534	and again legislated to criminalise activism in the real world.	并再次立法,将现实世界中的活动行为定为刑事犯罪。
1535	Only yesterday, the UN Special Rapporteur said, and I quote,	就在昨天,联合国特别报告员说,我引述:
1536	she called on the United Kingdom to uphold its international human rights obligations	她呼吁联合王国履行其国际人权义务。
1537	following the adoption of restrictive legislation	在通过限制性立法之后
1538	and political calls for a blanket ban on pro-Palestinian demonstrations.	以及全面禁止亲巴勒斯坦示威的政治呼吁。
1539	She said that not of Hungary, not of Belarus, not of Albania.	她说,不是匈牙利,不是白俄罗斯,也不是阿尔巴尼亚。
1540	She said that of the United Kingdom.	她说是联合王国的。
1541	These attacks on universities and on the free speech of young people	对大学和青年言论自由的攻击
1542	are quite, quite deliberate.	相当深思熟虑。
1543	Universities are vitally important sites of political resistance	大学是政治反抗的重要场所
1544	to growing authoritarianism.	不断增长的专制主义。
1545	How do we know this?	我们怎么知道?
1546	We know it because they are being constantly targeted by our government	我们之所以知道是因为政府经常以他们为目标
1547	and by our foul right-wing press.	和我们邪恶的右翼媒体。
1548	If they are criticising you, it does not necessarily mean that you are getting it right.	如果他们在批评你这并不一定意味着你是对的
1549	But if they are not criticising you, it does necessarily mean that you are getting it wrong.	但是,如果他们不批评你, 这必然意味着你错了。
1550	Student leaders, especially those who commit the mortal sin of speaking whilst black,	学生领袖,尤其是那些犯下在黑人面前说话的罪过的人,
1551	attract preposterous hate pieces in our press.	在我们的媒体里吸引着荒谬的仇恨
1552	You want to know whether youth activism is performative?	你想知道青年运动是否具有表演性吗?
1553	They don't ban it.	他们不禁止它。
1554	They don't attack it because it is performative.	他们不攻击它,因为它是表演性的。
1555	They ban it and attack it because it is potent and it is important.	他们禁止并攻击它,因为它很强大,很重要。
1556	Thank you.	谢谢

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