7-15 满屏都是80岁？BBC辛辣拷问：美国政客为什么越老
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC World Service. | 欢迎收看英国广播公司世界服务的全球新闻播客。 |
| 0:04 | I'm joined by our youthful | 我加入我们的青春 |
| 0:06 | Washington correspondent, Daniel Bush. | 华盛顿通讯员丹尼尔·布什. |
| 0:09 | Daniel, are US politicians too old? | 丹尼尔,美国政客是不是太老了? |
| 0:12 | Well, that's the question on everyone's mind right now. | 好了,这是现在每个人心中的问题。 |
| 0:14 | I appreciate you calling me youthful. | 我很感激你叫我年轻。 |
| 0:16 | We'll | 我们会的 |
| 0:16 | get into this a little bit. | 少管闲事 |
| 0:18 | I am one day younger than the Vice President of the United States, | 我比美国副总统年轻一天 |
| 0:21 | JD·万斯(英语:JD Vance). |
展开字幕全文（206 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC World Service. | 欢迎收看英国广播公司世界服务的全球新闻播客。 |
| 2 | I'm joined by our youthful | 我加入我们的青春 |
| 3 | Washington correspondent, Daniel Bush. | 华盛顿通讯员丹尼尔·布什. |
| 4 | Daniel, are US politicians too old? | 丹尼尔,美国政客是不是太老了? |
| 5 | Well, that's the question on everyone's mind right now. | 好了,这是现在每个人心中的问题。 |
| 6 | I appreciate you calling me youthful. | 我很感激你叫我年轻。 |
| 7 | We'll | 我们会的 |
| 8 | get into this a little bit. | 少管闲事 |
| 9 | I am one day younger than the Vice President of the United States, | 我比美国副总统年轻一天 |
| 10 | JD·万斯(英语:JD Vance). | |
| 11 | So whether or not that's youthful is in the eye of the beholder. | 所以无论这是否年轻 都在观众的眼里。 |
| 12 | But listen, this is age | 但听着,这是年龄 |
| 13 | politics has been in the headlines here in the United States over the weekend with the death of | 政治在周末在美国的头条新闻里 |
| 14 | South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham, as well as with the long hospitalization of Mitch McConnell. | 南卡罗来纳州参议员林西·格雷厄姆(Lindsey Graham),以及长期住院的米奇·麦康奈尔(Mitch McConnell). |
| 15 | Lindsey Graham was 71. | 林赛·格雷厄姆71岁. |
| 16 | Mitch McConnell is in his mid 80s. | 米奇·麦康内尔八十多岁了 |
| 17 | This has been a topic now for years in | 多年来,这一直是一个话题 |
| 18 | the United States as leaders in both parties have been older. | 作为双方领导人的美国已经老了。 |
| 19 | Obviously, age was a major issue | 很明显,年龄是个大问题 |
| 20 | for the last President Joe Biden, who ended up dropping his bid for reelection amid concern | 上任总统乔·拜登 在担心下放弃了连任的竞选 |
| 21 | over his ability to do the job. | 超越他的能力 做这个工作。 |
| 22 | The current President Donald Trump, along with Biden, is | 现任总统唐纳德·特朗普和拜登是 |
| 23 | only the second US President ever to be 80 in office. | 只有第二任美国总统在任80岁 |
| 24 | So that is the big debate. | 这就是大辩论。 |
| 25 | You know, | 你知道吗, |
| 26 | our politicians, the leaders in both parties, too many of them, some critics argue, are too old | 我们的政治家,两党的领导人, 太多的人,有些批评者认为,太老了 |
| 27 | to do the job. | 做这个工作。 |
| 28 | Is this something that matters to voters? | 这对选民很重要吗? |
| 29 | Well, that's a very good question. | 嗯,这是一个非常好的问题。 |
| 30 | From one perspective, you could argue that it does not because voters have now elected multiple | 从一个角度来说,你可以说,这不是因为选民们已经选出了多个选民。 |
| 31 | presidential candidates who were in their late 70s or even pushing 80. | 70年代末甚至80岁的总统候选人。 |
| 32 | It goes to what the options | 选择是什么 |
| 33 | are for voters. | 是给选民的 |
| 34 | And if we take a step back for a minute, the average age of members of Congress | 如果我们退一步 一分钟, 平均年龄的国会议员 |
| 35 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}正接近60岁 | |
| 36 | It's a little under 60. | 有点不到60岁 |
| 37 | The average age of senators is approaching | 参议员的平均年龄接近了 |
| 38 | 70. | 70. 联合国 |
| 39 | And there are a couple of reasons for that, which I think are important to point out. | 有几个原因,我认为需要指出。 |
| 40 | There | 那边 |
| 41 | are typically two tracks in the US for people who end up in elected office. | 通常在美国是两条轨道 对于最终进入民选职位的人。 |
| 42 | One is career | 一个是事业 |
| 43 | politicians and one is people who were not involved in politics and then enter politics later | 政治家们,一个是那些没有参与政治,后来进入政治的人 |
| 44 | in life. | 在生活中。 。 。 |
| 45 | For career politicians, the typical track, again, this is typical, not the case for | 对于职业政治家来说,典型的轨道是典型的,而不是 |
| 46 | everyone, is you're working your way up through the ranks like in any industry, right? | 各位,你们是否像在任何行业一样 努力提高军衔? |
| 47 | So serving | 所以服务 |
| 48 | on your local city council and then becoming a state senator or assembly person, then running | 然后成为州参议员或议员 然后竞选 |
| 49 | for Congress. | 为国会。 |
| 50 | And typically, by the time you end up running for Congress, and especially by the | 通常,当你最终竞选国会,特别是... |
| 51 | Senate, you've been doing this for decades, which means that you're in your 40s, 50s, 60s, | 元老院,你已经做了几十年, 这意味着你40,50,60, |
| 52 | or even older. | 或更年长。 |
| 53 | And then often, as is the case for people who weren't in elected office to begin with, | 然后,经常,像那些没有当选的人一样, |
| 54 | they built a career in business, in media, and in any other field, and then you end up running, | 他们创造了一个事业 在商业,媒体, 和任何其他领域, |
| 55 | again, in their 40s and 50s. | 再一次,在他们的40和50。 |
| 56 | And there are outliers. | 还有外人 |
| 57 | Joe Biden was the youngest person | 乔·拜登是最年轻的 |
| 58 | ever elected to the US Senate in 1972 at the age of 29. | 1972年29岁当选美国参议院议员 |
| 59 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, | 亚历山大·奥卡西奥-科特斯, |
| 60 | she was one of the youngest members ever elected to the House, now close to a decade ago. | 她是有史以来最年轻的议员之一 入选众议院, 现在接近十年前。 |
| 61 | Before | 在此之前 |
| 62 | the most part, by the time that these people enter office or run for high-profile office, | 大部分时间,当这些人进入办公室或竞选高知名度的办公室时, |
| 63 | they are in their 50s or older. | 他们50多岁了 |
| 64 | And that's the choice that voters have. | 这就是选民的选择。 |
| 65 | And so that's who they | 这就是他们 |
| 66 | put in these positions. | 摆上这些位置。 |
| 67 | Yeah. | 对 |
| 68 | And it does tend to be older people who actually go out and vote. | 通常都是老年人出门投票。 |
| 69 | Younger people are less likely to vote. | 年轻人投票的可能性较小。 |
| 70 | I mean, is this a sign that maybe the candidates being older | 我的意思是,这是一个迹象,也许 候选人年龄较大 |
| 71 | are out of touch with younger voters? | 和年轻选民失去联系了吗? |
| 72 | This is something that President Obama himself | 这是奥巴马总统亲自做的 |
| 73 | pointed out in an interview just a few days ago. | 在几天前的一次采访中指出了这一点。 |
| 74 | And I'll pull it up here so I can quote from | 我会把它拉上来 这样我就可以引用 |
| 75 | Obama directly. | 奥巴马直接。 |
| 76 | He said, I'm a pretty healthy 64, that he feels great. | 他说,我是一个相当健康的64, 他感觉很好。 |
| 77 | But the truth is that he's | 但事实是他 |
| 78 | feels that half of the references that his daughters make about social media, he doesn't | 觉得他女儿在社交媒体上 提到过的一半 |
| 79 | understand. | 明白吗? |
| 80 | And Obama went on to say, quote, there is an element of at some point you age out. | 奥巴马接着说, 引用一句, 在某个时候,你老了。 |
| 81 | And Obama also said that he wasn't suggesting a sort of hard and fast rule, as he put it. | 而奥巴马也说,他并没有像他所说的那样,提出一种硬而快速的统治。 |
| 82 | But he did think that Democrats, and again, he's speaking about his party in particular, | 但他确实认为民主党人, 再说一遍,他说的是他的党, |
| 83 | do well when we have candidates who are plugged into the moment to the zeitgeist, as Obama put it. | 正如奥巴马所言,当我们有候选人 与热心主义者接触时,做得很好。 |
| 84 | So here we have the former president making an argument that, at least his party anyway, | 因此,这里我们让前总统 提出一个论点,至少他的党反正, |
| 85 | will be better served if they can put forward candidates who are younger, who are more plugged | 如果能提出更年轻、更有插头的候选人,将会得到更好的服务。 |
| 86 | into topics of the moment. | 成为眼下的话题 |
| 87 | Of course, it's easier for him to say that having gone through and now | 当然了,他现在说过去的话容易多了 |
| 88 | effectively retired from elected office. | 实际从选举产生的职位退休。 |
| 89 | He's one of only a half dozen or so Americans in history | 他是历史上仅有的半打美国人之一 |
| 90 | who entered the presidency under the age of 50. | 在50岁以下进入总统职位。 |
| 91 | So he's comfortably looking at this in a rearview | 所以他在后视线里很舒服 |
| 92 | mirror, if you will. | 镜子,如果你愿意的话。 |
| 93 | But he was channeling something that I've heard in both the Democratic | 但是,他传递的东西 我听到在两个民主 |
| 94 | Party and the Republican Party for years covering politics, which is some frustration from voters | 党和共和党多年报道政治,这是选民的一些挫折感 |
| 95 | that older candidates simply aren't with the times, don't understand the issues that matter | 更年长的候选人 根本不是时代的人 不懂什么问题很重要 |
| 96 | to the most. | 最开始 |
| 97 | And we have a lot of examples where that has really stood out. | 我们有很多例子可以证明这一点。 |
| 98 | Certainly, | 当然 |
| 99 | the last competitive Democratic primary election, which was 2020, where Joe Biden, Bernie Sanders, | 上次民主派初选是2020年 乔·拜登 伯尼·桑德斯 |
| 100 | Elizabeth Warren, a lot of the leading candidates were in their 70s or approaching 80. | 伊丽莎白·沃伦(Elizabeth Warren),很多主要候选人70多岁或接近80岁. |
| 101 | And at times | 有时 |
| 102 | during that campaign season, clearly showed a generational divide between much younger candidates | 在竞选赛季中,明显显示年轻得多的候选人之间世代分化 |
| 103 | who are, in some cases, decades younger than them. | 在某些情况下,他们比他们小几十年。 |
| 104 | That's one example. | 这是一个例子。 |
| 105 | There have also been moments | 也有一些时刻 |
| 106 | on Capitol Hill recently in the last decade or so where Congress has gotten more serious about | 在国会 最近,希尔在过去十年左右, 国会已经变得更加严肃 |
| 107 | trying to regulate technology companies, social media companies, where members of Congress have | 试图监管科技公司,社交媒体公司, 国会成员有 |
| 108 | brought the Mark Zuckerbergs of the world up to the hill to grill them in testimony, | 将世界的马克・扎克伯格人带到山上 来烧烤他们的证词, |
| 109 | where we've seen these lawmakers talking about technology and clearly struggling to grasp it | 在那里,我们看到这些立法者谈论 技术,并明显挣扎 抓住它 |
| 110 | and understand it. | 并理解这一点。 |
| 111 | So the moments like that are a reminder that the people in power in this country | 因此,这样的时刻 提醒人们 在这个国家掌权的人民 |
| 112 | oftentimes are, in fact, somewhat out of touch with some of these issues. | 事实上,常常与其中一些问题有些脱节。 |
| 113 | And there have been questions where there have been serving presidents and suggestions that they | 有一些问题 曾经有现任总统 和建议他们 |
| 114 | may have dementia. | 可能会有痴呆症。 |
| 115 | And people have realized that if you do have a president with dementia, | 人们已经意识到 如果你有一位患有痴呆症的总统 |
| 116 | it's never been proved while they've been in office. | 他们上任时从未证明过 |
| 117 | But if you did have a president with | 但如果你有总统 |
| 118 | dementia, there's very little you could do about it. | 痴呆症,你几乎无能为力 |
| 119 | And to put it crudely, they have their hands | 粗略地说,他们有他们的手 |
| 120 | on the nuclear button. | 在核按钮。 |
| 121 | That's right. | 没错 |
| 122 | And again, just to use the most recent example, this was an | 再说一遍,用最近的例子来说,这是一个 |
| 123 | issue that was debated and talked about during Joe Biden's presidency. | 乔·拜登担任总统期间 讨论过的问题 |
| 124 | He entered office in his | 他进入他的办公室 |
| 125 | very late 70s, became the first sitting president over 80 in the Oval Office, and then prepared to | 70年代末, 成为了第一位在任的总统 超过80 在总统办公室, 然后准备 |
| 126 | run for reelection at the age of 82, which if he had served a second full term, had he won, would | 82岁竞选连任,如果连任连任,如果他赢了的话 |
| 127 | have put him at 86 as he was leaving office. | 在他离职时 已经把他关在86号 |
| 128 | Biden's disastrous debate performance where he | 拜登的灾难性辩论表现 |
| 129 | appeared out of it, he was stumbling, forgetting. | 突然间,他不知所措,忘记了 |
| 130 | His train of thought often was a shock to the | 他的思想之火车 常常是震惊 |
| 131 | nation, a stark example of a president who is older, like many older Americans and people around | 像许多美国老人和周围的人一样 |
| 132 | the world, dealing with the realities of aging. | 面对老龄化的现实 |
| 133 | The question is, though, Alex, how much does this | 问题是,艾丽克丝,这要花多少钱? |
| 134 | actually affect your job? | 影响你的工作? |
| 135 | And I think there are two things to say here. | 我想这里有两件事要说 |
| 136 | On the one hand, | 一方面 |
| 137 | you know, politicians, they're not manual laborers, right? | 你知道,政客们, 他们不是体力劳动,对不对? |
| 138 | You can sit comfortably behind a desk. | 你可以安心地坐在办公桌后面 |
| 139 | You are flown around the world on government planes, but this is private transportation, | 你乘坐政府飞机飞遍全球 但这是私人运输 |
| 140 | right? | 对吧? |
| 141 | You're not waiting on long lines at the airport. | 你不是在机场等长线 |
| 142 | You have all your needs catered to. | 你的所有需求都满足了 |
| 143 | Presidents in particular have access to some of the very best health care in the world. | 特别是总统可以获得世界上一些最好的保健。 |
| 144 | So | 这么说 |
| 145 | the physical side, you know, that part is sort of taken care of, if you will. | 身体方面,你知道, 这个部分是 排序照顾,如果你愿意。 |
| 146 | But these are, | 但这些, |
| 147 | emotionally, mentally, psychologically taxing grueling jobs, whether you're the president or | 感情上,精神上,精神上,心理上 课税令人发指的工作, 不管你是总统还是 |
| 148 | a member of Congress, you are constantly scrutinized every word, you have cameras on you. | 一个国会议员,你经常被仔细检查每个字, 你有摄像头在你身上。 |
| 149 | From the moment you step out the door, that part of it is difficult. | 从你走出门的那一刻起, 这部分是困难的。 |
| 150 | And of course, public speaking | 当然,公开演讲 |
| 151 | is such a crucial part of the job, whether you're on a debate stage, whether you're giving an | 你是否处在辩论阶段 是否给予 |
| 152 | interview, making a speech. | 采访,演讲。 |
| 153 | And when presidents start to slip consistently and show signs of age, | 当总统们开始不断滑倒 表现出年龄的征兆时 |
| 154 | as former President Biden did, then it starts a debate about whether or not they can actually | 就像前总统拜登所做的那样, 然后开始辩论他们是否真的可以 |
| 155 | perform the duties of their office. | 履行职务。 |
| 156 | And the White House under Biden insisted that he did. | 而拜登手下的白宫坚持他这样做. |
| 157 | And certainly, | 当然 |
| 158 | you know, you could see him in person, sort of sitting there in meetings, seeming to grasp the | 你知道,你可以亲眼看见他, 那种坐在那里开会, 似乎抓住 |
| 159 | issues. | 问题。 |
| 160 | But then when he stumbled, the question became, what is really happening behind closed | 但当他跌倒时 问题就变成了 闭门之后到底发生了什么 |
| 161 | doors? | 门? |
| 162 | And to your point, you know, can he exercise the duties of the office up to and including | 至于你,你知道的, 他能够履行办公室的职责 直到和包括 |
| 163 | military issues? | 军事问题? |
| 164 | Yeah, US presidents have term limits. | 是的,美国总统有任期限制。 |
| 165 | How much support might there be | 可能会有多少支持 |
| 166 | in Washington after the cases that you mentioned, maybe for age limits? | 在华盛顿,在你提到的案件之后, 也许年龄限制? |
| 167 | It would be a monumental task to actually do that, to change the fundamental principles underlying | 实际这样做将是一项重大任务,即改变作为基础的基本原则。 |
| 168 | the way that our government here in the United States is set up. | 我们的政府在美国的方式。 |
| 169 | It's highly, highly unlikely | 绝对不可能 |
| 170 | that that would ever come to pass, in part because once politicians are in office, they like to run | 政治人物一旦上任 他们就喜欢竞选 |
| 171 | for office and hold on to that office, which is why we see, you know, so many senators and members | 因此,我们可以看到,这么多参议员和议员 |
| 172 | of Congress in particular serving into their 70s, into their 80s. | 特别是70岁,80岁 |
| 173 | There have been instances | 有过一些 |
| 174 | in the last decade or two, numerous of people serving even into their 90s. | 在过去的十年或两年里, 很多人甚至服务到90多岁。 |
| 175 | So once people get | 所以一旦人们得到 |
| 176 | a hold of power, they don't like to relinquish it. | 他们不喜欢放弃权力 |
| 177 | And for that self-serving interest alone, | 仅仅为了这个私利 |
| 178 | it's highly unlikely that there would be a major change to the way that our government is set up | 建立政府的方式不可能发生重大改变 |
| 179 | that would limit people from serving more than a couple of consecutive terms. | 这会限制人们 超过连续两届。 |
| 180 | Some of the biggest names in Washington, you mentioned Mitch McConnell, | 华盛顿的一些大名字, 你提到米奇麦康奈尔, |
| 181 | who's been in hospital, Nancy Pelosi, are reaching the end of their careers. | 一直住院的南希·佩洛西 事业即将结束 |
| 182 | Are there younger people | 是否有年轻人 |
| 183 | waiting in the wings to take over, to take the big jobs? | 等待在翅膀中接管, 承担大的工作? |
| 184 | That's a very good question. | 这是一个非常好的问题。 |
| 185 | There will be, there has been a push more so in the Democratic | 将会有,在民主派里,有更强烈的推动 |
| 186 | Party and the Republican Party, frankly, among younger members of Congress to take over those | 坦白地说,党和共和党在国会的年轻党员中 接管了他们 |
| 187 | top jobs. | 顶级工作。 |
| 188 | These are both the party leader jobs, the House Majority Leader, the House Speaker, | 这些都是党领袖的工作, 众议院多数党领袖,众议院议长, |
| 189 | the Senate Majority Minority Leaders, those jobs, as well as the major ranking member or chairperson | 参议院多数少数派领袖、这些职位以及主要高级成员或主席 |
| 190 | of the big most influential committees in Congress that control the power of the purse, that can | 国会中最有影响力的大委员会 控制钱包的力量,可以 |
| 191 | approve judicial nominations, those kinds of positions. | 批准司法提名,这些职位。 |
| 192 | So there is a push, especially on | 因此,有一个推动,特别是 |
| 193 | the Democratic side, among some younger members to rise up the ranks a little bit faster. | 民主党方面,在一些年轻成员中,提高排名的速度要快一些。 |
| 194 | However, | 不过, |
| 195 | the way seniority works, and it's a little complicated and gets into the weeds quickly, | 资历的工作方式, 和它有点复杂 并迅速进入杂草, |
| 196 | those jobs likely go to the next in line. | 那些工作很可能排在下一个 |
| 197 | And the next in line in many, many cases are also older | 在很多情况下,下一条线, 也有很多老年人 |
| 198 | politicians who have been doing this a long time, who've been waiting their turn. | 那些已经这样做了很久的政客们,他们一直在等待他们的轮到. |
| 199 | So | 这么说 |
| 200 | it's unlikely that as Mitch McConnell, who is not running for reelection, Nancy Pelosi, | 作为没有竞选连任的米契·麦康奈尔 南希·佩洛西 |
| 201 | also not running for reelection, as some of these major political figures of the 21st century exit | 由于21世纪的一些主要政治人物退出竞选, |
| 202 | the scene, that there'll be sort of immediately overnight wholesale replaced by the AOCs, the | 在现场, 将会有某种 一夜之间批发 被AOCs, |
| 203 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortezes of the world, who are decades and decades younger, but will begin to see | 亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-科尔泰泽斯, 世界上最年轻数十年, |
| 204 | that shift. | 那个转变。 |
| 205 | Some of those people will get into those positions of power, but it won't likely | 这些人中有些人会进入这些权力岗位 但不可能 |
| 206 | {\fn黑体\fs22\bord1\shad0\3aHBE\4aH00\fscx67\fscy66\2cHFFFFFF\3cH808080}有点像一夜之间大变换 |
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