《大西洋月刊》帝王蝶是如何做到的？ [C1]
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字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:05 | You're listening to How Do Monarchs Do It? | 你在听"君主们怎么做"吗? |
| 0:08 | Somehow they traverse an entire continent wintering in the very same forest that their | 他们不知何故穿越整个大陆 在同一个森林里过冬 |
| 0:13 | forebearers did, for only just starting to understand their secrets. | 前辈才知道,只是开始理解他们的秘密 |
| 0:18 | Written by Van R. Newkirk II. | 由范·R·纽克尔克二世编写. |
| 0:21 | Published in the September issue of The Atlantic. | 发表于"大西洋"9月期. |
| 0:24 | 由Jodie Avergan阅读. | |
| 0:26 | Produced by Hark Audio, a podcast curation app. | 由Hark Audio制作,一个播客解说应用. |
| 0:29 | You can find this and other narrated Atlantic articles, along with curated podcast moments, | 你可以找到这篇 和其他叙事的大西洋文章, 连同被整理的播客瞬间, |
| 0:34 | on the Hark Audio app. | 在哈克音频应用程序。 |
| 0:38 | Mire, my guide Silvestre pointed upward as if I wasn't already walking with my neck | 米瑞,我的向导西尔维斯特尔 向上指着我 好像我还没用脖子走路 |
展开字幕全文（536 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | You're listening to How Do Monarchs Do It? | 你在听"君主们怎么做"吗? |
| 2 | Somehow they traverse an entire continent wintering in the very same forest that their | 他们不知何故穿越整个大陆 在同一个森林里过冬 |
| 3 | forebearers did, for only just starting to understand their secrets. | 前辈才知道,只是开始理解他们的秘密 |
| 4 | Written by Van R. Newkirk II. | 由范·R·纽克尔克二世编写. |
| 5 | Published in the September issue of The Atlantic. | 发表于"大西洋"9月期. |
| 6 | 由Jodie Avergan阅读. | |
| 7 | Produced by Hark Audio, a podcast curation app. | 由Hark Audio制作,一个播客解说应用. |
| 8 | You can find this and other narrated Atlantic articles, along with curated podcast moments, | 你可以找到这篇 和其他叙事的大西洋文章, 连同被整理的播客瞬间, |
| 9 | on the Hark Audio app. | 在哈克音频应用程序。 |
| 10 | Mire, my guide Silvestre pointed upward as if I wasn't already walking with my neck | 米瑞,我的向导西尔维斯特尔 向上指着我 好像我还没用脖子走路 |
| 11 | craned as far back as it could go. | 吊得越远越好 |
| 12 | The sky was alive with millions of fluttering shapes, congregating into clouds at random, | 天空充满了数百万的流体 随机凝聚成云 |
| 13 | occasionally turning into ribbons that wound through the trees. | 偶尔会变成刺穿树木的丝带 |
| 14 | So many butterfly wings beat the air that their vibrations were audible, | 许多蝴蝶翅膀击败了空气,以至于它们的振动是可听到的, |
| 15 | like a waterfall rushing in the distance. | 像瀑布在远处冲动 |
| 16 | I understood for the first time the immensity of the event I'd come to see. | 我第一次理解了 我来看那场盛事 |
| 17 | I was in the center of El Rosario Butterfly Sanctuary, | 我当时在埃尔罗萨里奥蝴蝶圣地中心 |
| 18 | part of Mexico's monarch butterfly biosphere reserve. | 墨西哥的君主蝴蝶生物圈保护区的一部分. |
| 19 | Unaccustomed to the thin air at nearly 11,000 feet above sea level, | 与海拔近11000英尺的稀疏空气不相适应 |
| 20 | I'd ridden Pelucha, a rust-colored mare, to the heights of the reserve. | 我骑过佩卢查 一只锈色的母马 到保留地的高度 |
| 21 | About halfway up, the orange and black butterflies had begun appearing in groups, | 大约一半左右, 橙色和黑色的蝴蝶 已经开始出现成群, |
| 22 | alighting on flowers or gathering to sip water from puddles. | 点燃花朵 或聚集 喝水从水坑。 |
| 23 | Coupled pairs mated everywhere, and their constant entanglements on the path | 结对结对 到处交配 他们不断缠绕在路上 |
| 24 | made it difficult to avoid stepping on them. | 很难避免踩到它们。 |
| 25 | Pelucha happily crunched more than a few underfoot. | 佩卢查很幸福 不止几只脚下 |
| 26 | I dismounted at the top of the trail and followed Silvestre as he ducked under a rope | 我在小径的顶端卸下马 跟着Silvestre躲在绳子下 |
| 27 | that kept tourists from accessing the most sensitive areas of the reserve. | 阻止游客进入保护区最敏感地区。 |
| 28 | It was February, and the monarchs, northerners that had wintered in Mexico, | 是二月,君主,北方人 在墨西哥过冬, |
| 29 | were preparing for their final journey, | 正在准备最后的旅程, |
| 30 | which doubled as the first leg of a multi-generational relay race north. | 作为多代接力赛的首个赛段 在北边翻了一番 |
| 31 | The delicateness belies a life cycle that more resembles long-haul trucking | 微妙的破坏生命循环 更像是长途卡车 |
| 32 | than anything you might read in a children's book. | 比任何你可能读 在儿童书。 |
| 33 | Each of the butterflies above me had already braved many grueling trials. | 我上面的每一只蝴蝶 都曾勇敢地尝试过许多可怕的尝试 |
| 34 | In the following week or so, the majority would be on their way. | 在接下来的一周左右里,多数人将会上路。 |
| 35 | Monarch migration is a wonder of the natural world, | 君主迁徙是自然世界的奇迹 |
| 36 | one of the longest annual cycles of movement undertaken by any creature on Earth, | 是地球上任何生物 进行最长的移动周期之一 |
| 37 | spanning thousands of miles. | 横跨千里. |
| 38 | Over the past half century, | 过去半个世纪 |
| 39 | the lands that the monarchs traverse have become more hostile to them, | 国王们所穿越的土地 越来越敌视他们 |
| 40 | a result of development and herbicides, global warming and organized crime, | 发展和除草剂、全球变暖和有组织犯罪, |
| 41 | all of which have put the future of that migration in doubt. | 所有这些都使人们怀疑这种移徙的未来。 |
| 42 | And yet, the story I'd come to write, | 然而,我写的故事, |
| 43 | my reason for interloping in this and other sanctuaries, | 我在这个和其他疗养院里游荡的理由 |
| 44 | was not just the narrative of beauty being diminished by human trampling and greed. | 不仅仅是美被人类践踏和贪婪所削弱的叙述。 |
| 45 | Recently, there's been good news. | 最近有个好消息 |
| 46 | Population estimates, after a long march downward, | 人口估计,经过漫长的下行 |
| 47 | had been increasing for the past two years. | 在过去的两年里一直在增加。 |
| 48 | This stabilization appears to be connected, at least in part, | 这种稳定似乎有联系,至少是部分联系, |
| 49 | to efforts to save butterfly habitats in Mexico, the United States and Canada. | 拯救墨西哥、美国和加拿大的蝴蝶生境的努力。 |
| 50 | Those developments are reason to hope that there may still be a pathway left | 这些事态发展使人们有理由希望,可能还有一条路要走。 |
| 51 | for saving the monarchs and their migration. | 为了拯救君主和他们的迁徙。 |
| 52 | The monarch persists partly because of the dogged work from its human partners, | 君主之所以坚持 部分是由于他的人类伙伴们 坚持不懈的工作 |
| 53 | because of people who have given their life, in every sense of the phrase, | 因为那些牺牲了生命的人, 从每个意义上讲, |
| 54 | to preserve nature. | 保护大自然。 |
| 55 | But mostly, the monarch persists because life's job is to live, | 但多数情况下,君主坚持 因为生活的工作是生活, |
| 56 | because within those thimble-sized bodies hides a dynamo of survival | 因为在那些高大的躯体里 隐藏着生存的动力 |
| 57 | that puts our most incredible machines to shame. | 这让我们最不可思议的机器感到羞耻 |
| 58 | The more we learn about the butterflies, | 我们越了解蝴蝶 |
| 59 | the more we understand how extraordinary it is | 我们越了解它是多么非凡 |
| 60 | that they have so far beaten the odds we have stacked against them, | 他们已经打败了 我们所堆积的概率 他们, |
| 61 | and how forbidding those odds remain. | 和如何禁止这些机会仍然存在。 |
| 62 | We've known just how epic the monarch's migration is | 我们知道君主的迁徙是多么史诗化 |
| 63 | for only about half a century. | 只有半个世纪了 |
| 64 | In the 1970s, using paper tags placed on butterflies' wings, | 1970年代,使用放在蝴蝶翅膀上的纸牌, |
| 65 | the Canadian butterfly researchers Fred and Nora Urquhart | 加拿大蝴蝶研究者弗雷德和诺拉·厄克哈特 |
| 66 | completed a lifelong mission to uncover the mystery | 完成了毕生揭开谜团的任务 |
| 67 | of where all the monarchs born in Ontario went in the fall. | 所有出生在安大略的君主在秋天都去了哪里 |
| 68 | To their surprise, the sojourners they followed | 惊奇的是,他们追随者们, |
| 69 | made it all the way down the length of the U.S. | 一路走进美国。 |
| 70 | and on to the mountain forests of Michoacan, Mexico. | 前往墨西哥米却肯的山地森林 |
| 71 | There, they roosted, packed tightly into just a handful of colonies | 在那里,他们挤出, 紧紧地打包成几个殖民地 |
| 72 | that collectively cover no more than a few city blocks, | 集体覆盖 不超过几个城市街区, |
| 73 | yet hold nearly all of the continent's monarchs in the winter. | 然而,在冬天,几乎掌握着整个大陆的君主。 |
| 74 | The Urquhart's first visited these colonies in 1976, | 乌尔克哈特人1976年第一次访问这些殖民地, |
| 75 | and National Geographic published a cover story on their breakthrough. | 国家地理部发表了一篇关于他们突破的封面报道. |
| 76 | For centuries, indigenous people in Mexico's highlands | 几个世纪以来,墨西哥高地的土著人民 |
| 77 | have witnessed the monarch's annual return during harvest season, | 见证了君主在收获季节的一年一度回归, |
| 78 | though for most of that time they didn't know where they came from. | 但在那大部分时间 他们不知道他们来自哪里 |
| 79 | The butterflies have been making this migration for as long as 20 millennia, | 蝴蝶已经迁移了20万年了 |
| 80 | once finding paths to and from the fields gouged out by glaciers | 一旦找到通往和离开被冰川挖出的田地的道路 |
| 81 | retreating with the spring during the last ice age. | 上个冰河时代随泉而退. |
| 82 | Now their roosting grounds sit within a handful of sanctuaries that I visited. | 现在他们的地盘就坐落在我参观过的一些圣地里。 |
| 83 | At Sierra Chincua, a few miles north of El Rosario, | 在塞拉钦夸,在埃尔罗萨里奥以北几英里处, |
| 84 | I stood on a cliff overlooking the slender trunks of Oyamel fir trees. | 我站在悬崖上,俯瞰着奥亚梅尔森林的细长树干。 |
| 85 | I watched living streams of monarchs flying in different directions, | 我看着统治者们在不同的方向上飞翔 |
| 86 | sometimes winding about one another like a gigantic knot forever being tied, | 有时彼此交织 就像一个巨大的结 永远捆绑, |
| 87 | and looked in vain for three monarchs that I knew were in the fray. | 白白地寻找我认识的三位君主 |
| 88 | Each had been given a designation in a spreadsheet, | 在电子表格中指定了每个人, |
| 89 | C-H-I-O-1-6,C-H-I-1-3和C-H-I-O-1. | |
| 90 | But these were all very boring names for butterflies, | 但是这些都是蝴蝶非常无聊的名字, |
| 91 | so I'd asked my six-year-old daughter to give them better ones. | 所以我请我六岁的女儿给他们更好的 |
| 92 | She'd come up with Cinderella, Eric, and Carl. | 她想出了灰姑娘 埃里克和卡尔 |
| 93 | She knows the very hungry caterpillar by heart. | 她一心一意地 了解饥饿的毛虫 |
| 94 | Nothing about the trio was unusual save for the gear they wore. | 除了他们穿的装备之外 三重奏没什么不寻常的 |
| 95 | Affixed to each butterfly's thorax like a tiny backpack | 像小背包一样固定在蝴蝶的胸口 |
| 96 | was a transmitter the size of a grain of rice. | 是一粒大米大小的发射机 |
| 97 | These transmitters, called Blue Morphotags, | 这些发射机,叫做蓝色的莫福塔格 |
| 98 | had been developed by a company called Cellular Tracking Technologies, | 由一家名为手机跟踪技术的公司开发, |
| 99 | and Cinderella, Eric, and Carl were part of the first generation of monarchs to wear them. | 而灰姑娘,埃里克,和卡尔都是第一代戴戴着这些帽子的君主的一部分. |
| 100 | Before my visit to the sanctuaries, I'd spoken with David La Puma, | 在参观圣地之前 我和大卫·拉·普马谈过 |
| 101 | 是CTT的主管 也是Blue Morphot的脑后 | |
| 102 | The company had initially focused on developing tech for tracking eagles, | 公司最初专注于开发追踪鹰的技术, |
| 103 | but La Puma had previously worked in monarch conservation | 但拉普马以前在保护君主方面工作过 |
| 104 | and carried his interest in the butterflies with him. | 带着对蝴蝶的兴趣 |
| 105 | Tracking a monarch is different from tracking an eagle, | 追踪君主和追踪鹰不一样 |
| 106 | as monarchs each weigh less than a dollar bill. | 作为君主,每人的重量不到一美元。 |
| 107 | Any transmitter attached to one could weigh no more than a few grains of sand. | 任何附着在一个人身上的发射机的重量不超过几粒沙子。 |
| 108 | No battery could be made that small and still provide power over months of flying. | 没有电池能做那么小 并且仍然提供数月的飞行动力 |
| 109 | And the solar panels that CTT used for eagle trackers were much too heavy. | 而CTT用于鹰追踪器的太阳能板也太重了. |
| 110 | But the team figured out a solution, | 但团队找到了一个解决方案, |
| 111 | taking the ultra-thin solar squares that line the wings of satellites | 利用超深的太阳平方 线上卫星的翅膀 |
| 112 | and carefully chopping them up into tiny, bespoke cells. | 并小心地把它们切成 细小的,响亮的细胞。 |
| 113 | An early version of the tracker, applied to butterflies with dabs of eyelash glue, | 早期版本的追踪器 应用在蝴蝶上 涂有眼线胶片 |
| 114 | was linked with a cell phone app via Bluetooth, | 通过蓝牙与手机应用连接 |
| 115 | allowing enthusiasts to follow nearby butterflies, | 让爱好者跟随附近的蝴蝶, |
| 116 | La Puma说, | |
| 117 | and record their locations in somewhat haphazard fashion. | 并记录他们的位置 一些随意的方式。 |
| 118 | The newest iteration works more like Google Maps, | 最新迭代更像谷歌地图 |
| 119 | providing far more complete data on the butterflies' locations to anyone, | 向任何人提供更完整的蝴蝶位置数据, |
| 120 | almost in real time. | 几乎是实时的 |
| 121 | Knowing more about butterflies' individual habits | 更了解蝴蝶的个人习惯 |
| 122 | may enable us to help them thrive collectively, more on that later. | 可能使我们能够帮助他们集体繁荣,以后更进一步。 |
| 123 | The data also just helps us get to know the monarchs better. | 这些数据还帮助我们更好地了解君主们. |
| 124 | As it turns out, some seem to be worse with directions than others, | 事实证明,有些方向比其他方向更糟糕 |
| 125 | and can find themselves traveling west or south from Mexico. | 从墨西哥向西或向南旅行 |
| 126 | In the prototyping stage, some monarchs were detected near oil platforms | 在原型化阶段,一些君主在石油平台附近被发现 |
| 127 | in the Gulf of Mexico, nowhere near land, | 在墨西哥湾 远离陆地 |
| 128 | and some butterflies appeared to enjoy Caribbean vacations. | 和一些蝴蝶 似乎享受加勒比度假。 |
| 129 | Yet the majority seemed to follow well-established paths | 然而,大多数人似乎遵循既定的道路 |
| 130 | along invisible corridors in the air. | 沿着空中的隐形走廊 |
| 131 | Cinderella, Eric, and Carl had all been tagged in Sierra Chincua, | 灰姑娘,埃里克,和卡尔 都被标记在Sierra Chincua, |
| 132 | which meant that I could deduce certain facts about their lives. | 也就是说我可以推断出他们生活的一些事实 |
| 133 | They were already bona fide world-class wanderers, | 他们已经是真正的世界级流浪者 |
| 134 | having flown all the way from Canada in the fall, a three-month trip. | 在秋天从加拿大飞来 三个月的旅行 |
| 135 | Along the way, they'd dodged birds and windmills and cars, | 沿途,他们躲过了鸟儿、风车和汽车 |
| 136 | eventually reaching the same patch of forest, perhaps even the same trees, | 最终到达同一块森林 甚至同一棵树 |
| 137 | that their great-grandparents had roosted in. | 他们的曾祖父母都进来了 |
| 138 | For much of the winter, they had not eaten and had barely moved, | 在冬天的大部分时间里, 他们没有吃东西,几乎没有移动, |
| 139 | jamming themselves so tightly against their fellow travelers | 把自己紧紧地堵在旅行者面前 |
| 140 | that from a distance they looked more like scales armoring the sides of the trees. | 从远处看,它们更像是 树的两侧的鳞片。 |
| 141 | Now they'd awakened, stretching their wings and warming up. | 现在他们醒过来,伸展翅膀,升温。 |
| 142 | Though I couldn't spot them in the sky, I could see from my phone | 虽然我无法在天空中发现它们,但我从手机上可以看到 |
| 143 | that Cinderella, Eric, and Carl were near. | 灰姑娘、艾瑞克和卡尔在附近 |
| 144 | Over the next several weeks, I would keep tabs on them, | 在接下来的几周里,我会跟踪他们, |
| 145 | following their movements with a level of detail | 详细跟踪他们的行动 |
| 146 | that would have been impossible only a year ago. | 一年前不可能这样 |
| 147 | Individual butterflies can travel as far as a hundred miles in a single day, | 每个蝴蝶一天可以跑一百英里 |
| 148 | and can congregate in groups so thick that they show up as clouds on weather radar. | 并且可以聚集成如此厚厚的组团,在天气雷达上以云状出现. |
| 149 | Glider pilots have seen them flying at altitudes above 10,000 feet. | 滑翔机飞行员已经看到它们飞行高度在10000英尺以上. |
| 150 | Year after year, new generations tend to gather around the same landmarks, | 年复一年, 新生代往往聚集 在同样的地标, |
| 151 | despite never having seen them before. | 尽管从未见过他们。 |
| 152 | They seem, for example, to love the Barnagat Lighthouse on Long Beach Island in New Jersey. | 例如,他们似乎喜欢新泽西州长滩岛的巴纳加特灯塔. |
| 153 | The monarch's feats of navigation are enabled by their internal technology, | 君主的航海功绩是靠他们的内部技术 |
| 154 | a set of instinctual tools that in some ways surpasses our understanding. | 一系列本能工具 在某些方面超出了我们的理解 |
| 155 | The butterflies can sense the angle and intensity of different forms of light. | 蝴蝶可以感知不同形式的光的角和强度. |
| 156 | In each antenna, a complex series of molecules maintains their circadian clock, | 在每个天线上,一系列复杂的分子 保持它们的环形时钟, |
| 157 | which, when combined with sunlight cues, gives them their sense of direction. | 当它与阳光交织在一起时 就会给他们方向感 |
| 158 | When the sun is unreliable, monarchs have a secondary method of pathfinding, | 当太阳不可靠时 君主们有二级路径调查方法 |
| 159 | a biological compass that allows them to sense Earth's magnetic field. | 一种生物指南针 可以让他们感知地球磁场 |
| 160 | Internal thermostats help govern the timing of their northward movements. | 内部自动调温器有助于控制其向北移动的时间。 |
| 161 | The butterflies' migration evolved to fit North America's geography. | 蝴蝶的迁徙演变为适应北美地理. |
| 162 | Monarch caterpillars eat only milkweed, which grows best in cooler climates, | 独家毛毛虫只吃奶草 在较凉爽的气候中生长最好 |
| 163 | but the butterflies can't tolerate freezing temperatures. | 但蝴蝶无法忍受寒冷的温度 |
| 164 | The length of the continent's interior, unbroken by mountains or oceans, | 大陆内陆的长度, 未被山脉或海洋破坏, |
| 165 | allows the monarchs to find the right weather and plants throughout the year. | 允许君主全年寻找合适的天气和植物. |
| 166 | A Goldilocks ecology, neither too hot nor too cold. | 金锁生态,既不太热也不太冷. |
| 167 | They are a marvel of nature's engineering, | 他们是大自然工程的奇迹 |
| 168 | of the kind of elegance that evolution can achieve over deep time. | 进化的优雅 可以在很深的时间内实现 |
| 169 | Winter is hard for insects that have to survive it, | 冬天对必须生存下来的昆虫来说很艰难 |
| 170 | and monarchs basically avoid it by leaving, says Karen Oberhauser, | 卡伦·奥伯豪泽说,君主们通过离开基本上避免了这种情况。 |
| 171 | a researcher at the University of Wisconsin at Madison and a co-founder of the Monarch Butterfly | 威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校研究员 和"蝴蝶王"的共同创始人 |
| 172 | Fund. | 基金。 |
| 173 | Unlike many other butterfly species which are adapted to very specific microbiomes, | 不同于许多其他适应非常特殊微生物的蝴蝶物种, |
| 174 | monarchs have options if a local environment changes. | 如果当地环境发生变化,君主有选择权. |
| 175 | Indeed, they seem strikingly well adapted for living alongside the world's most disruptive | 事实上,它们似乎非常适合 与世界上最具有破坏性的 |
| 176 | change agent, humanity. | 改变的代理人,人性。 |
| 177 | Milkweed tends to thrive in transitional areas such as fallow fields, | 奶草往往在诸如落叶田等过渡地区蓬勃发展, |
| 178 | unkempt lawns, and the edges of highways. | 和高速公路的边缘 |
| 179 | When I first started studying monarchs, it really did seem like they kind of had an | 当我开始研究君主时, 他们似乎确实有种 |
| 180 | advantage over a lot of other species, Oberhauser told me. | Oberhauser告诉我的 优势比其他物种多 |
| 181 | That's a disturbance-adapted species. | 这是适应扰动的物种. |
| 182 | She said affectionately that monarchs are like rats or pigeons, all part of the strange but | 她亲切地说,君主就像老鼠或鸽子, 这些都是奇怪的一部分,但 |
| 183 | sturdy menagerie of modern life. | 现代生活的坚固的修养。 |
| 184 | But there are limits to any creature's adaptability, | 但任何生物的适应能力都有限制, |
| 185 | and human activity has steadily eroded the monarch's margin for error. | 和人类的活动 稳步侵蚀 君主的误差幅度。 |
| 186 | In the 1930s, Mexico's land reform program created ejidos, areas designated for communal | 20世纪30年代,墨西哥的土地改革计划创建了 ejidos, 地区指定社区 |
| 187 | use by peasants. | 由农民使用。 |
| 188 | They began clearing the ancient Ollamel forests to plant corn, | 他们开始清理古老的Ollamel森林 种植玉米, |
| 189 | beans, and squash, and sold the felled timber. | 豆子和壁球, 并出售了被砍伐的木材。 |
| 190 | Commercial interests also stepped in, | 商业利益集团也介入, |
| 191 | accelerating logging in the butterfly's winter habitats. | 在蝴蝶的冬季栖息地加速采伐. |
| 192 | North of the Rio Grande, there have been disturbances to the disturbances. | 里奥格兰德河以北地区发生了骚乱。 |
| 193 | Although milkweed can flourish along roads, the advent of the interstate system also introduced | 虽然乳草可以沿路繁衍,但州际制度的出现也引入了 |
| 194 | one of the most efficient killers of butterflies, speeding traffic. | 最有效率的蝴蝶杀手之一, 高速交通。 |
| 195 | And although farmland in the | 虽然农田在 |
| 196 | Midwest was once a reliable, if accidental, incubator for milkweed, the development of | 中西部曾经是一个可靠的,如果是偶然的, 奶草孵化器, |
| 197 | roundup-ready crops in the 90s allowed more promiscuous use of herbicides. | 90年代的轮垦作物允许更多乱期使用除草剂。 |
| 198 | Almost overnight, | 几乎一夜之间, |
| 199 | milkweed disappeared from large-scale farms. | 奶草从大型农场消失。 |
| 200 | According to a recent report from the World | 根据世界最近的报告 |
| 201 | Wildlife Fund, the total area covered by monarch colonies in winter decreased from 45 acres in 1996 | 野生动物基金,君主殖民地在冬季覆盖的总面积从1996年的45英亩下降 |
| 202 | to a low of fewer than 2 acres in 2013. | 到2013年低于2英亩。 |
| 203 | The five-year average of colony size has dropped | 殖民地面积五年平均下降 |
| 204 | by 80% since the mid-90s, a plunge of some 170 million butterflies. | 自90年代中期以来, 跌了80%, 约1.7亿蝴蝶。 |
| 205 | As Oberhauser told me, the changes wrought by humans have caught up to the monarchs. | 正如Oberhauser告诉我的, 人类带来的变化 已经赶上君主。 |
| 206 | In fact, the complexity of the migration might now be a liability, as multiple stops on the | 事实上,移徙的复杂性现在可能成为一项责任,因为多重移徙在以下几个方面止步不前: |
| 207 | journey face upheaval at once. | 旅途马上会面临动荡 |
| 208 | Quote, what makes them so strong also makes them vulnerable, | 引用,是什么让他们如此强大 也使他们变得脆弱, |
| 209 | she said. | 她说的 |
| 210 | My trio of butterflies had been strong from their beginnings. | 我的蝴蝶三重奏从一开始就很强壮 |
| 211 | As caterpillars, | 作为毛虫, |
| 212 | they'd gorged on milkweed, a plant that is toxic to most animals and incorporated its poison into | 一种对大多数动物有毒性的植物 并将它的毒药吸收到 |
| 213 | their bodies. | 他们的身体。 |
| 214 | Their distinct coloring is both a warning for predators and a badge of initiation. | 它们的鲜明颜色既是对捕食者的警告,也是开始的徽章. |
| 215 | They are already one-percenters, only one in 100 of the eggs laid in Ontario last year had produced | 他们已经是百分之一了, 去年在安大略产的100个蛋中只有1个产过 |
| 216 | butterflies that made it this far. | 蝴蝶飞得这么远 |
| 217 | Their generation, called a supergeneration, is bigger and more robust | 他们的一代,叫做超级一代, 更大,更强壮 |
| 218 | than their parents' was or their children's will be. | 而不是他们父母的 或他们孩子的意志。 |
| 219 | They are centurions, built to make the journey | 它们是百年的, 建造的旅程 |
| 220 | all the way south and part way back. | 一直往南走,还有一部分回来 |
| 221 | Two successive generations will eventually complete | 两代人终将完成 |
| 222 | the round trip to Canada. | 来加拿大的往返旅行 |
| 223 | Now, after a winter of fasting huddled close against the cold, | 现在,经过一个冬天的禁食 紧紧靠着寒冷, |
| 224 | they are regaining their strength, sipping nectar from flowers near their roosting trees. | 他们正在恢复体力, 饮用花蜜 在树根附近。 |
| 225 | On my phone, I can see a map with each location that the butterflies ping as they meander from | 在我手机上,我可以看到一张地图 每一地点的蝴蝶 播放着它们从 |
| 226 | place to place, ever returning to their central roosts. | 在那里,永远回到他们的中心。 |
| 227 | My phone shows only their movements, | 我的手机只显示他们的行动 |
| 228 | not their more private matters, but I know that before they leave these forests behind, | 但我知道在他们离开森林之前 |
| 229 | they will each find a mate. | 他们都会找到一个伴侣。 |
| 230 | For Cinderella and Eric, which, as I told my daughter, is a female | 灰姑娘和艾瑞克,我告诉我女儿,她是个女性 |
| 231 | butterfly, their mate's package of sperm will also contain a deposit of nutrients that will help them | 蝴蝶,他们的伙伴的精子包 也会包含一些能帮助他们的营养物质 |
| 232 | handle the rigors of the trip. | 处理行程的硬度。 |
| 233 | Carl will weaken himself, giving his mate a gift that she must use | 卡尔会削弱自己 给他的同伴一个她必须用的礼物 |
| 234 | to ensure the survival of their offspring. | 确保后代的生存。 |
| 235 | For the past several decades, a diverse group of | 在过去几十年里,一群不同的人 |
| 236 | activists, scientists, and enthusiasts has worked to forestall the monarch's decline. | 积极分子、科学家和爱好者努力阻止君主的衰落。 |
| 237 | I'd come to Sierra Chincua as the guest of one of them. | 我会来雪拉钦夸 作为其中之一的客人。 |
| 238 | José Luis Álvarez Alcala, | 何塞·路易斯·阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉, |
| 239 | a local activist and farmer, showed me around. | 一个当地的活动家和农民 带我到处走走 |
| 240 | He pointed to the visitor's center, restaurants, | 他指着访客中心,餐馆, |
| 241 | and gift shops near the sanctuary's entrance. | 还有圣殿入口附近的礼品店 |
| 242 | Quote, none of this was here 30 years ago, | 引文 30年前这里都没有 |
| 243 | he told me. | 他告诉我。 |
| 244 | Then he pointed to a copse of young trees creeping up the hills. | 然后他指着一群幼树爬上山 |
| 245 | Quote, | 引文为 |
| 246 | a lot of that wasn't either, end quote. | 大部分都不是 结尾部分 |
| 247 | Álvarez Alcala would know. | 阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉会知道的 |
| 248 | He helped create much of it. | 他帮助创造了大部分。 |
| 249 | Years of chain smoking can be heard in the thickness of Álvarez Alcala's voice, | 在阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉的声音的厚度中,可以听到多年的连锁吸烟, |
| 250 | and when we met, he sported a limp from a recent fall while working. | 我们相遇时,他一边工作一边 一边从最近的秋天跳着瘸腿 |
| 251 | He wasn't originally a | 他原来不是 |
| 252 | butterfly guy, he said, but was interested in revitalizing the region that encompassed the | 他说,蝴蝶的家伙, 但有兴趣重振 区域,包括 |
| 253 | sanctuaries, and he ran a tree nursery on Hacienda La Cruz, a 17th century Spanish colonial estate | 他经营了一个树苗园 在哈森达拉克鲁斯,17世纪的西班牙殖民地 |
| 254 | that he'd restored. | 他已经恢复了 |
| 255 | By the 1980s, just a few years after the National Geographic story came out, | 到了20世纪80年代,就在"国家地理"故事发表几年后, |
| 256 | the monarchs were already drawing streams of intrepid sightseers from abroad, | 君主们已经画出来自国外的无畏的观光客 |
| 257 | despite almost no tourism infrastructure. | 尽管几乎没有旅游基础设施。 |
| 258 | Álvarez Alcala realized that there might | 阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉意识到, |
| 259 | be a way to align the survival of the species with the local economy. | 成为该物种生存与当地经济接轨的一种方式. |
| 260 | In 1986, President Miguel | 1986年,米格尔总统 |
| 261 | de la Madrid gave national protections to the main colony sites, creating the Monarch Butterfly | 马德里为主要殖民地提供国家保护,创建了蝴蝶君主 |
| 262 | Biosphere Reserve. | 生物圈保护区. |
| 263 | But those protections did not halt or even slow logging. | 但这些保护并没有停止甚至减缓伐木。 |
| 264 | Encouraged by the | 感到鼓舞的是, |
| 265 | butterfly scientist Lincoln P. Brower, Álvarez Alcala and his associates came up with a more | 蝴蝶科学家林肯·P·布鲁尔 阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉和他的同伙们想出了更多 |
| 266 | proactive plan. | 积极计划。 |
| 267 | They would give the members of the ejidos, hoyam elfer, and pine saplings to grow, | 他们将赐予ejidos的成员,hoyam精灵和松树苗, |
| 268 | instead of their usual crops. | 而不是他们通常的作物。 |
| 269 | The growers would still be free to profit from their land by selling | 种植者仍然可以自由地通过出售土地从中获利 |
| 270 | timber for Christmas trees, lumber, or charcoal, but would be encouraged to harvest the wood | 圣诞树、木材或木炭的木材,但鼓励采伐木材 |
| 271 | sustainably. | 可持续。 |
| 272 | If done right, on a wide enough scale, the model could help provide both income | 如果做得对,在足够大的规模上,该模式可有助于提供两种收入 |
| 273 | 用于ejidatorios 和蝴蝶旅游的基础。 | |
| 274 | Álvarez Alcala says that since launching | 阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉表示, |
| 275 | in 1997, his La Cruz Habitat Protection Project has planted about 20 million hoyam elfer and pine | 1997年,他的La Cruz生境保护项目种植了大约2 000万个Hoyam elfer和松树。 |
| 276 | trees. | 树 |
| 277 | Other groups have also reforested hundreds of hectares. | 其他团体还重新造林了数百公顷。 |
| 278 | The oldest of the trees planted as | 最古老的树种 |
| 279 | of this experiment are now maturing and providing winter homes for exhausted monarchs. | 现在这个实验正在成熟 并为精疲力竭的君主提供冬天的住所 |
| 280 | Over the span of just a few years, reforesting and ecotourism have transformed much of Michoacán, | 在短短几年的时间里,再造林和生态旅游 改变了米却肯的大部分, |
| 281 | the state in which the sanctuaries reside. | 圣人居住的州。 |
| 282 | In the municipality of Angangueo, a brilliant mural | 在安根盖奥市,一幅辉煌的壁画 |
| 283 | depicts the social history of the monarchs, the quote-unquote Hijas del Sol, including a painting | 描绘君主的社会历史, 引文未引用的Hijas del Sol, 包括一幅画 |
| 284 | of the now-famous 1976 National Geographic cover. | 现在闻名的1976年国家地理覆盖。 |
| 285 | 在El Rosario, 硬币和纪念品, | |
| 286 | the tour bus parking lots, and even the stable of horses for rent all speak to a symbiosis | 观光巴士停车场,甚至马匹的马厩 租借都与共生 |
| 287 | that has only recently come to be. | 最近才开始 |
| 288 | The monarch's star turn has changed the places along the more | 皇帝之星的转动 改变的地方越多 |
| 289 | northerly parts of its route as well. | 北边的路段也是 |
| 290 | In the U.S., seven states list the monarch as their | 在美国,七个州将君主列为他们的 |
| 291 | official insect or butterfly, and in many places monarchs appear on license plates that urge fellow | 官方的昆虫或蝴蝶, 在很多地方君主出现 在车牌上 催促同伴 |
| 292 | drivers to protect the environment. | 推动保护环境。 |
| 293 | More than 50,000 yards, parks, and schools now feature | 超过5万码, 公园和学校的特色 |
| 294 | monarch way stations, special gardens stocked with milkweed and flowers. | 君主的车站,特别的花园 储存着奶草和鲜花。 |
| 295 | According to the World | 根据世界 |
| 296 | Wildlife Fund, the overwintering areas covered by monarchs this year increased by 64 percent. | 野生动物基金,今年君主覆盖的过冬地区增加了64%. |
| 297 | Cinderella, Eric, and Carl's generation was the largest to leave Mexico in seven years. | 灰姑娘,埃里克和卡尔的一代是7年来离开墨西哥的最大一代. |
| 298 | The measured takeaway from the WWF is that quote, despite challenges, conservation efforts are | 从世界大自然基金中分明的收获是,尽管存在挑战,但养护工作仍然在进行。 |
| 299 | making a difference. | 有所作为。 |
| 300 | Yet there are new challenges, new crises in front of the monarchs, and they may | 然而,在君主面前出现了新的挑战,新的危机,他们可能 |
| 301 | eclipse the ones they've seen so far. | 日食他们见过的。 |
| 302 | Quote, fucking avocados, end quote. | 引文,该死的鳄梨,最后引文。 |
| 303 | I'd arrived in Mexico just after the annual high watermark for avocado consumption, | 我刚刚到墨西哥 一年一度的高水印 用于鳄梨消费, |
| 304 | the Super Bowl. | 超级碗 |
| 305 | Michoacan is the largest avocado growing region in the world, producing nearly | Michoacan是世界上最大的鳄梨种植区,生产了近乎 |
| 306 | all avocados eaten in the United States. | 所有鳄梨在美国吃。 |
| 307 | Its volcanic soil is ideal for the fruit, | 它的火山土壤对水果来说是理想的 |
| 308 | and intense American demand for guacamole and fancy toast has in these parts given avocados | 和强烈的美国需求 瓜果和华丽的土司在这些地方 得到了鳄梨 |
| 309 | the moniker Oro Verde, green gold. | 绿金的莫尼克奥罗维德 |
| 310 | Unfortunately for monarchs, their forests sit right in the | 可惜的君主们 他们的森林就坐在这里 |
| 311 | middle of some of the most promising areas for growing avocados, and the green gold rush is so | 中间一些最有前途的地区 种植鳄梨, 绿色的淘金热是如此 |
| 312 | lucrative that it has drawn the attention of the area's cartels, which now extort local growers, | 吸引了该地区的卡特尔的注意,这些卡特尔现在敲诈了当地的种植者, |
| 313 | smuggle many of their avocados across the border, and even operate plantations directly. | 他们的许多鳄梨走私越境,甚至直接经营种植园. |
| 314 | There's a good chance that if you bought chips and guac to eat while you watched | 如果你一边看一边买薯片一边吃瓜子 |
| 315 | Bad Bunny during the big game, a cartel profited. | 坏兔子在大游戏中, 一个卡特尔获利。 |
| 316 | Recently, cartels have been a major force behind | 最近,卡特尔一直是背后的主要力量。 |
| 317 | illicit logging in the forests that Alvarez Alcala and his son have tried to revive and protect, | 阿尔瓦雷斯·阿尔卡拉和他的儿子试图恢复和保护的森林中的非法砍伐, |
| 318 | and much of the land has been converted for avocado farming. | 和大部分土地 已经转换为鳄梨种植。 |
| 319 | In 2020, Homero Gómez-González, | 2020年,霍梅罗·戈麦斯-贡萨雷斯, |
| 320 | a prominent conservationist at Biosphere Reserve, was found dead in Ocampo, the closest | 生物圈保护区的著名保护者 被发现死于奥坎波 |
| 321 | municipality to the sanctuary. | 市政府呼叫避难所。 |
| 322 | Gómez-González had been known as a vociferous antagonist of loggers. | Gómez-González曾被称为伐木者的激烈对抗者。 |
| 323 | His killing has not been solved, but many outlets have placed the blame on the cartels. | 他的杀害尚未解决,但许多渠道将责任归咎于卡特尔。 |
| 324 | Those same cartels instigated the crisis that gripped Mexico during my travels. | 这些卡特尔挑起了墨西哥在旅途中的危机。 |
| 325 | 就在我到达Hacienda La Cruz的三天前 墨西哥当局杀了Nemesio Rubén Oseguera | |
| 326 | Cervantes, the leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel. | 塞万提斯,哈利斯科新一代卡特尔的领导人. |
| 327 | The death of so-called El Mencho | 所谓孟丘之死 |
| 328 | sparked violence across the states of Jalisco and Michoacán. | 在哈利斯科州和米却肯州引发了暴力。 |
| 329 | Cartel members erected barricades | 卡特尔成员设置路障 |
| 330 | on major roads and ambushed National Guard members, killing at least 25 and also attacking | 在主要道路上,国民警卫队成员遭到伏击,造成至少25人死亡,还袭击 |
| 331 | several journalists. | 几位记者。 |
| 332 | When I asked the elder Alvarez if touring the region would be safe, | 当我问阿尔瓦雷斯长者 游览该地区是否安全时 |
| 333 | he gave perhaps the least encouraging encouragement I'd ever heard. | 他给我的鼓励也许最不令人鼓舞 |
| 334 | I think there will be no problems, he said, but nothing in life is for sure. | 我认为不会有问题,他说, 但生活中没有什么是肯定的。 |
| 335 | 在我访问El Rosario和Sierra Chincua期间,两个疗养院大多是空荡荡的游客。 | |
| 336 | 卡特尔在Sierra Chincua基地附近焚烧汽车。 | |
| 337 | It was all a stark reminder | 这一切都是一个严峻的提醒 |
| 338 | of how precarious monarch tourism is and how much money there is to be made in destruction. | 如何不稳定的君主旅游, 以及有多少钱可以制造破坏。 |
| 339 | 我和Alvarez Alcala项目执行董事Megan Fulton谈话时,她 | |
| 340 | keen to point me to a recent report from the WWF showing that the avocado bloom notwithstanding | 特别想提醒我一下 世界自然基金会最近的报告 显示尽管鳄梨开花 |
| 341 | rates of forest degradation and illegal logging in the sanctuaries have slowed in the past year. | 去年,保护区的森林退化和非法采伐速度减缓。 |
| 342 | She attributed the positive development to the local communities being galvanized by global | 她将这一积极发展归功于全球旅游业所激发的地方社区。 |
| 343 | warming and weather changes. | 变暖和天气变化 |
| 344 | Quote, they are the communities that are already seeing the effects | 引用,他们是社区 已经看到了效果 |
| 345 | of climate change, she said, so they want to restore their land and protect it for future | 她说,气候变化,所以他们想要 恢复他们的土地 并保护它的未来 |
| 346 | generations, end quote. | 历代,终引. |
| 347 | But the very fact that the communities are experiencing tangible effects, | 但社区正经历着具体的影响, |
| 348 | unprecedented heat waves that have killed hundreds, record droughts and wildfires that | 空前的热浪 已经造成数百人死亡, 记录干旱和野火 |
| 349 | have ruined crops means that the problem is bigger than organized crime and perhaps beyond | 破坏庄稼意味着问题比有组织犯罪还严重,也许更严重。 |
| 350 | the ability of individual people or local groups to solve. | 个人或地方团体的解决能力。 |
| 351 | Climate change is an accelerant for | 气候变化是造成气候变化的加速因素。 |
| 352 | troubles that are already afoot. | 已经很麻烦了 |
| 353 | High mountain elevations that were once cool and less hospitable | 高山高地曾一度凉爽,不太舒适 |
| 354 | for avocado growing are getting hotter and thus more tempting for felling. | 鳄梨的生长越来越热 所以更诱人采伐 |
| 355 | Warmer temperatures | 温度 |
| 356 | will also narrow the already tiny bands of habitability for Oyamel firs, disrupting forest | 还会缩小奥亚梅尔森林的 已经很小的可居住带 破坏森林 |
| 357 | ecologies even in places that logging hasn't yet touched. | 即使在伐木尚未触及的地方 也有生态 |
| 358 | The most ominous signs were visible from | 最不祥的迹象是 |
| 359 | Hacienda La Cruz. | 哈森达·拉克鲁斯. |
| 360 | In the forest just outside the property, like scars on the green mountainside, | 在地产外面的森林里 就像绿色山坡上的伤疤 |
| 361 | three ugly patches of brown bear tree skeletons stood out. | 三个丑陋的斑点 棕熊树架突出。 |
| 362 | Luca explained that these patches had | 卢卡解释说这些补丁 |
| 363 | been infested by pine bark beetles, notorious evergreen killers that feed on stressed or weakened | 被松树甲虫侵袭 臭名昭著的常绿杀手 |
| 364 | conifers. | 针叶 |
| 365 | The beetles are a normal part of forest ecosystems and their numbers are usually controlled | 甲虫是森林生态系统的正常部分,它们的数量通常被控制 |
| 366 | by cold winters. | 寒冷的冬天, |
| 367 | But the season has grown warmer. | 但是,这个季节已经变得更加温暖. |
| 368 | More trees now suffer from heat stress and | 现在更多的树木受到热压 |
| 369 | dehydration, making them targets. | 脱水,让他们成为目标。 |
| 370 | Oyamels are particularly vulnerable. | 奥雅梅尔人特别脆弱。 |
| 371 | Authorities have already | 当局已经 |
| 372 | been forced to cut down whole sectors of the reserve to keep beetle infestations from spreading. | 为了防止甲虫侵扰蔓延,被迫削减保护区的整块区域. |
| 373 | On my phone, I can see that by mid-February, Cinderella is restless, regularly streaming to | 在我手机上,我可以看到,到2月中旬,灰姑娘是不安的,经常流到 |
| 374 | the southwest and back, even visiting Ocampo once or twice, veering toward Loncheria Los | 在西南和后方,甚至一两次访问奥坎波, 奔向隆切里亚洛斯 |
| 375 | Cuatro Elementos, a little snack bar in town that sells tortas, burgers, and micheladas. | Cuatro Elementos,一个小镇的小小吃酒吧,卖托塔斯,汉堡和米切拉达斯. |
| 376 | Eric is a bit more adventurous, making her way almost as far west as Ciudad Hidalgo, | Eric更冒险了 让她的路几乎西到伊达尔戈城 |
| 377 | where the great father of the nation once owned a hacienda. | 这个国家的伟大父亲曾经拥有一个庄园 |
| 378 | Carl is more of a homebody, | 卡尔更是一个家庭身体, |
| 379 | 靠近Sierra Chincua,并经常留在森林里。 | |
| 380 | Eric is the first of the trio to leave for good, but her eagerness might be her undoing. | Eric是三重奏中第一个永远离开的人 但她的渴望可能让她心碎 |
| 381 | The weather | 天气 |
| 382 | might not yet be warm enough for a successful transit. | 可能还不足以让过境成功 |
| 383 | She flies north through Queretaro, | 她向北飞过奎塔罗 |
| 384 | but then her tracker stops transmitting. | 但后来她的追踪器停止传输。 |
| 385 | Cinderella and Carl choose to leave with the bulk of their | 灰姑娘和卡尔选择离开 他们的大部分 |
| 386 | luggage. | 行李 |
| 387 | There's not much road ahead for Carl. | 卡尔前路不多 |
| 388 | He stops transmitting soon after. | 他很快就停止通讯了 |
| 389 | But Cinderella keeps going, winding her way through Queretaro, swerving toward the old colonial city | 但灰姑娘继续前进 穿过奎塔罗 转向旧殖民城市 |
| 390 | of San Miguel de Allende, then bending northeast. | 圣米格尔・德・阿连德,然后弯曲 东北。 |
| 391 | On March 15th, she crosses the Rio Grande in the | 3月15日,她穿过里奥格兰德河 |
| 392 | vicinity of Rio Grande City, Texas. | 在德克萨斯州里奥格兰德市附近 |
| 393 | The same week that Cinderella and her fellow survivors began | 灰姑娘和她幸存者的同一周开始 |
| 394 | into the United States, I visited Monarch Watch, an organization based at the University of Kansas | 我参观了位于堪萨斯大学的 君主观察组织 |
| 395 | that has long served as a hub of monarch research and conservation. | 成为君主研究与保护的中心 |
| 396 | I met Kristen Baum, | 我遇到了克莉丝汀·鲍姆 |
| 397 | its current director, and Chip Taylor, its founder and director emeritus. | 以及奇普·泰勒的创始人和导演 |
| 398 | Baum runs a blog for Monarch Watch that tracks the radio-tagged butterfly's movements. | 鲍姆为君主观察组织开设博客, |
| 399 | These data | 这些数据 |
| 400 | points could help conservationists model the migration more accurately, anticipate changes | 点可以帮助保护者更准确地模拟迁移,预测变化 |
| 401 | in population size, and better decide how and where to allocate resources to restore habitats. | 并更好地决定如何和在何处分配资源恢复生境。 |
| 402 | The day before my visit, Baum noted that CHI 016, Cinderella's government name, | 在我访问前一天,鲍姆指出,CHI 016,灰姑娘的政府名称, |
| 403 | was likely the farthest north among all the tags. | 可能是所有标记中最北的 |
| 404 | The tiny building that Monarch Watch occupies is | 君主观察所占据的小建筑 |
| 405 | jam-packed with records, research, and the butterflies themselves. | 里面有记录 研究 还有蝴蝶本身 |
| 406 | In one room, I watched | 在一个房间里,我看着 |
| 407 | as a female split open her green chrysalis and emerged to spread her wings. | 当雌性分裂时,她打开了绿色的菊花, 并出现了她的翅膀。 |
| 408 | Across the hall were | 走廊对面 |
| 409 | refrigerators full of milkweed seeds. | 冰箱里装满了奶草种子. |
| 410 | The group has donated more than one million milkweed plants | 集团捐赠了100多万株奶草 |
| 411 | for restoration projects since 2015. | 2015年以来的恢复项目。 |
| 412 | Taylor himself developed an artificial diet that could | 泰勒自己开发了一种人工饮食,可以 |
| 413 | be used to raise caterpillars in lieu of live milkweed. | 用来饲养毛虫代替活乳草。 |
| 414 | In 2009, Monarch Watch sent caterpillars | 2009年,蒙纳奇观察公司派了毛虫 |
| 415 | provisioned with this food, which looks something like old guacamole, on the space shuttle Atlantis | 在亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机上 提供了类似古老的瓜果的食物 |
| 416 | to the International Space Station, where they successfully metamorphosed into butterflies. | 成功变形成蝴蝶 |
| 417 | The word emeritus doesn't capture the full role that Taylor, 88, still plays. | "荣耀"一词并没有完全抓住泰勒,88岁,仍然扮演的角色. |
| 418 | He is a constant | 他是一个常客 |
| 419 | presence around the building. | 在大楼周围 |
| 420 | Before he secured more generous funding, he'd bankrolled many of | 在他获得更多慷慨资助之前,他已经资助了许多 |
| 421 | Monarch Watch's activities himself, using the proceeds from investments that he and his wife | 君主守望组织的活动 利用他和妻子的投资收益 |
| 422 | had made in Apple. | 是苹果公司制造的 |
| 423 | He helped pay 100 peso rewards for finding paper butterfly tags, | 他帮助支付100比索奖励 寻找纸蝴蝶标签, |
| 424 | still the standard low-tech method of tracking the creatures, in Mexico, which became a problem | 仍然是追踪这些生物的标准低科技方法 在墨西哥,它成为一个问题 |
| 425 | when people recovered more than 3,000 tagged butterflies. | 当人们发现3000多只蝴蝶 |
| 426 | That cost me $12,000, he told me. | 这花了我12 000美元,他告诉我。 |
| 427 | I wasn't too anxious to do that over and over again. | 我并不急于一遍又一遍地这样做。 |
| 428 | It was hard, there in the middle of all the butterfly posters and joyful pictures, | 在蝴蝶海报和喜悦的照片中间 |
| 429 | to ask him the question I'd really come to ask. | 问他我真正想问的问题 |
| 430 | But Taylor eventually sighed and launched into | 但泰勒最终叹息并发射进入 |
| 431 | an answer of his own. | 一个他自己的答复。 |
| 432 | What we're doing ecologically to save the monarch butterfly, the scale of it is | 我们为了拯救君主的蝴蝶 在生态上所做的 就是它的规模 |
| 433 | nothing compared to what's going on, he said. | 他说,没有比这更糟糕的事 |
| 434 | The population is going to creep lower and lower in | 人口会越来越少 |
| 435 | time, because we're incapable, I think, at this point of really mastering enough of the restoration. | 时间,因为,我认为,我们无法真正掌握修复。 |
| 436 | In the United States and Canada, the math leads to a similar place as it does in Mexico. | 在美国和加拿大,数学导致了墨西哥的类似地位. |
| 437 | For all | 为所有人 |
| 438 | the bootstrapped recent successes in forestalling the butterfly's decline, we've merely been playing | 最近成功阻止蝴蝶衰落 我们只是在玩 |
| 439 | Now, climate change is the primary threat to monarch numbers, and it is implacable. | 现在,气候变化是君主人数的主要威胁,是无法克服的。 |
| 440 | Higher temperatures make monarchs more susceptible to infection by a protozoan called | 温度升高使君主更容易被一种原生动物感染 |
| 441 | a parasite that drains the butterfly's strength and makes it less likely to complete its journeys. | 一种会消耗蝴蝶力量的寄生虫 使其更不可能完成旅程 |
| 442 | And climate shifts are yet another threat to milkweed's viability in particular locales, | 气候变化是奶草在特定地方生存的又一个威胁, |
| 443 | throwing off the distances and timing that are so crucial to each butterfly's travels. | 放弃距离和时间 对于每只蝴蝶的旅行都至关重要 |
| 444 | We can do something about the climate, but the opportunities for doing that are really, | 我们可以对气候做一些事情, 但这样做的机会是, |
| 445 | really diminishing very rapidly, Taylor said. | 泰勒说,非常迅速的减少。 |
| 446 | Even accounting for this year's surprising | 连今年的惊喜都算在内 |
| 447 | bounce-back in numbers, he puts the timeline at 20 years or so before the migrating monarchs' | 他把时间定在迁徙君主20年左右之前 |
| 448 | numbers become too low to recover. | 数字变得太低,无法恢复。 |
| 449 | The U.S. | 美国. |
| 450 | Fish and Wildlife Service estimates upwards of a 50% | 鱼类和野生生物服务局估计上升50%。 |
| 451 | chance that the eastern migratory monarchs will be extinct by 2080. | 2080年东部移民君主灭绝的可能性 |
| 452 | When I was growing up, | 当我长大的时候, |
| 453 | the flowers outside my bedroom window always brought visitors. | 我的卧室窗外的花 总是带客人来 |
| 454 | I'd often wake up in the | 我经常醒来在 |
| 455 | morning to the buzzing of a hummingbird's wings, but the visitors I greeted most joyfully were | 早晨,蜂鸟的翅膀响起, 但我最高兴的来访者是 |
| 456 | the monarchs. | 君主们 |
| 457 | On late summer days, kaleidoscopes of butterflies would land together, covering the | 夏末,蝴蝶的甘蓝镜将一起降落,覆盖着 |
| 458 | flowers like an orange blanket. | 像橙色毯子一样开花 |
| 459 | Even then, I understood that there was something special | 即便这样,我还是明白 有一些特别的东西 |
| 460 | about their fleeting delicateness. | 他们的浮躁, |
| 461 | And fleeting it was. | 和短暂的它。 |
| 462 | The world will probably never again | 世界可能再也不会这样了 |
| 463 | see as many monarchs as existed then. | 和当时一样多的君主 |
| 464 | But I would not bet entirely against the monarch. | 但我不会完全反对君主 |
| 465 | The fight to protect the species continues. | 保护该物种的斗争仍在继续. |
| 466 | In its persistence and its cooperative nature, | 以其毅力及其合作性质, |
| 467 | that fight shares qualities with the monarch itself. | 与君主本身有着共同的品质 |
| 468 | The project is proof, in a fractured time, | 工程是证据 在断裂的时间内 |
| 469 | that people can join together and decide to help defend things they see as valuable. | 人们可以联合起来 决定帮助捍卫他们认为有价值的东西 |
| 470 | Even as Taylor despaired of the monarch's future, he mused briefly about the possibility of | 即使泰勒对君主的未来绝望,他也简短地提到过: |
| 471 | stocking wild butterfly populations using a scaled-up version of Monarch Watch's colony program. | 利用Monarch Watch的殖民地计划 扩大版的野蝴蝶种群 |
| 472 | With that, his exertions in perfecting his homegrown colony process, the green smoothie | 有了这个,他努力完善 他本土的殖民地进程,绿色的滑板 |
| 473 | for caterpillars, testing procedures for parasites, came into clearer view for me. | 对于毛虫, 检测寄生虫的程序, 更清晰地看待我。 |
| 474 | They could be understood, I realized, as the beginnings of an attempt to bottle a fragment | 它们可以被理解,我意识到, 试图装瓶碎片的开始 |
| 475 | of the monarch's magic for the future world. | 为了未来世界的君主的魔法 |
| 476 | Maybe migration will continue in that future, | 也许将来移民还会继续 |
| 477 | with an assist from something like a butterfly doomsday vault. | 就像蝴蝶末日的金库 |
| 478 | Or maybe the next generation | 或者是下一代 |
| 479 | of the monarch's friends will find further innovations to defeat problems that now seem | 国王的朋友会找到更多的创新 以战胜现在看来的问题 |
| 480 | insurmountable. | 无法克服 |
| 481 | The things we have learned recently about individual butterflies will be helpful for | 我们最近学到的关于蝴蝶的东西 将会有所帮助 |
| 482 | vanquishing those scientific problems. | 克服这些科学问题。 |
| 483 | But the most important contribution of all this new | 但所有这些新事物中最重要的贡献 |
| 484 | information might be wonder itself. | 信息本身可能令人怀疑。 |
| 485 | I am not a scientist, but after watching and tracking | 我不是科学家,但在观察和追踪之后 |
| 486 | butterflies for months, it seems to me that monarchs have something of a personality, | 蝴蝶几个月了 在我看来 君主们都有个性 |
| 487 | a level of individuality that might endear them even more to the public. | 某种程度的个性可能让公众更了解这些特性。 |
| 488 | Some appear impulsive or impressively rangy, leaving earlier and traveling more, whereas | 有些看起来很冲动或令人印象深刻的狂躁, 离开更早和旅行更多,而 |
| 489 | others fail to leave altogether. | 其他人不能完全离开。 |
| 490 | 在El Rosario, 当我问Silvestre我的向导为什么团体 | |
| 491 | of butterflies chose specific times to find water, he was enigmatic. | 蝴蝶们选择了特定的时间寻找水,他很神秘。 |
| 492 | Quote, they decide. | 引用,他们决定。 |
| 493 | And whether or not we call it personality, there's science behind the idea of the butterfly's | 无论我们是否称之为个性 蝴蝶的理念背后有科学 |
| 494 | individuality. | 个性 |
| 495 | In humans, traits such as neuroticism and recklessness appear to have some evolutionary | 在人类中,神经病和莽撞等特征 似乎有一定的进化性 |
| 496 | basis, emerging perhaps to provide our species with sentries who alerted us to threats and with | 可能是为了给我们的物种提供哨兵 警告我们面对威胁 |
| 497 | explorers who led the way to new food sources. | 引领新食物来源的探险家. |
| 498 | Research suggests that the goofball butterflies | 研究显示,胡球蝴蝶 |
| 499 | that might seem to lack a sense of direction are actually pioneers, scouts finding new habitats | 似乎缺乏方向感 实际上是先锋队 侦察队寻找新的栖息地 |
| 500 | to exploit or new places to hunker down should worse come to worst. | 开发或新地方 猎杀下来 更糟糕的是。 |
| 501 | No matter what happens along | 不管发生什么 |
| 502 | the Mexico route, the monarch is likely to live on, albeit in smaller numbers, elsewhere. | 墨西哥的路线,君主很可能生活在其他地方,尽管人数较少。 |
| 503 | Across | 纵横 |
| 504 | the planet, most populations of monarch butterflies, in Spain and Hawaii, are likely descended from | 地球上,大多数的 君主蝴蝶种群, 在西班牙和夏威夷, |
| 505 | vaguands that veered off the Mexico migration path. | 离开墨西哥的移民之路 |
| 506 | Monarchs introduced to Australia in the | 澳大利亚的君主 |
| 507 | 1870s have now established an annual migration along the east and southwest coasts. | 1870年代现在确立了每年沿东岸和西南海岸的迁徙. |
| 508 | They have | 他们有 |
| 509 | the fitting local epithet of wanderers. | 适合本地的流浪汉 |
| 510 | And in little pockets of the United States, Central | 在美国的小块地方,中央 |
| 511 | America, and the Caribbean, in places where milkweed grows year-round, small monarch populations | 美国和加勒比 奶草全年生长的地方 小君主人口 |
| 512 | have settled in, no longer migrating and now sporting shorter wingspans than their more | 已经定居,不再迁徙,现在运动的翼展短于 |
| 513 | transient cousins. | 短暂的表亲。 |
| 514 | For all their seeming fragility, monarchs will be an extraordinarily capable | 君主们看起来非常脆弱, 将是非常有能力的 |
| 515 | partner in efforts to save them. | 合作拯救他们 |
| 516 | They may yet surprise us. | 他们可能会给我们惊喜 |
| 517 | We may yet surprise ourselves. | 我们或许会感到惊讶。 |
| 518 | Cinderella is a marathoner. | 灰姑娘是马拉松运动员 |
| 519 | She flies through San Antonio and then skirts Austin, | 她飞过圣安东尼奥 然后穿裙子奥斯汀, |
| 520 | avoiding the congestion of the city proper during the South by Southwest festival, | 在南边的西南节日期间 避免城市的拥挤 |
| 521 | and then cuts through the piney woods toward Texarkana. | 然后穿过针叶林向德克萨卡纳前进 |
| 522 | At the time of her last detection, | 在她最后一次被发现的时候 |
| 523 | Cinderella is in Arkansas, having likely traveled from the Great Lakes to the Mexican Highlands | 灰姑娘在阿肯色州 可能从大湖到墨西哥高地 |
| 524 | and then halfway back. | 然后半路回来 |
| 525 | The diaspora she belongs to has spread out across a wide expanse of the | 她的散居地分布在广大的 |
| 526 | country, ending up in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and every place in between. | 最终在佛罗里达州 乔治亚州 密西西比州 路易斯安那州 俄克拉荷马州 以及中间的每一个地方 |
| 527 | They've spent themselves, but they have fulfilled their biological missions. | 他们已经花费了自己,但他们完成了他们的生物使命. |
| 528 | During her roughly eight-month life, Cinderella traveled farther than scientists might have | 在她大约8个月的生命中,灰姑娘的旅程比科学家可能走得远 |
| 529 | imagined possible, more than 3,000 miles as the butterfly flies. | 蝴蝶飞过三千多英里 |
| 530 | Along the way, she likely | 沿途,她可能会 |
| 531 | glued hundreds of tiny eggs onto milkweed plants. | 把几百个小蛋粘在奶草上 |
| 532 | Perhaps some of the hatchlings will live and | 也许一些幼崽会活着 |
| 533 | continue her line. | 继续她的行。 |
| 534 | Perhaps they too will have her preternatural strength and tenacity. | 也许她们也会有她的超自然力量和坚韧 |
| 535 | I hope, | 希望这样 |
| 536 | for the sake of my own daughter and her ability to live in a world of beauty, that they will. | 为了我自己的女儿 以及她生活在一个美丽世界的能力 |
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