《经济学人》印度制造：大象的野心已来，只是分布不均 [C1]
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剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 《经济学人》印度制造：大象的野心已来，只是分布不均 [C1] | 10:26 |
P1 · 《经济学人》印度制造：大象的野心已来，只是分布不均 [C1] p01 原声 (P1)
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字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:02 | Business | 商业 |
| 0:07 | Manufacturing | 制造业 |
| 0:08 | Bharat大楼 | |
| 0:10 | India's industrialisation is already here. | 印度的工业化已经在这里。 |
| 0:13 | It is just not evenly distributed. | 它只是分布不均。 |
| 0:17 | The newest factory of Raghuveer Exim, | 最新工厂拉格胡维尔Exim, |
| 0:20 | an Indian textile manufacturer, | 印度纺织厂商, |
| 0:22 | is a sight to behold. | 这是一目了然。 |
| 0:24 | The plant which makes bedding for export | 制造出口用床的工厂 |
| 0:27 | covers around 200 acres or 80 hectares | 占地约200英亩或80公顷 |
展开字幕全文（213 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Business | 商业 |
| 2 | Manufacturing | 制造业 |
| 3 | Bharat大楼 | |
| 4 | India's industrialisation is already here. | 印度的工业化已经在这里。 |
| 5 | It is just not evenly distributed. | 它只是分布不均。 |
| 6 | The newest factory of Raghuveer Exim, | 最新工厂拉格胡维尔Exim, |
| 7 | an Indian textile manufacturer, | 印度纺织厂商, |
| 8 | is a sight to behold. | 这是一目了然。 |
| 9 | The plant which makes bedding for export | 制造出口用床的工厂 |
| 10 | covers around 200 acres or 80 hectares | 占地约200英亩或80公顷 |
| 11 | on the outskirts of Ahmedabad | 在艾哈迈达巴德郊区 |
| 12 | in the western state of Gujarat. | 在古吉拉特邦西部 |
| 13 | Raghuver Exim 已经建造了宿舍 | |
| 14 | to house the 5,000 workers that will be needed | * 安置需要的5 000名工人 |
| 15 | when the site is at full capacity. | 当场地满载时。 |
| 16 | Women, few of whom in India work, | 妇女,其中很少在印度工作, |
| 17 | have been actively recruited. | 已积极征聘人员。 |
| 18 | The factory uses top-quality European machines | 工厂使用高品质的欧洲机器 |
| 19 | rather than cheaper Chinese ones, | 而不是便宜的中国人, |
| 20 | and it is mostly powered by solar energy. | 并且主要靠太阳能发电。 |
| 21 | Yet it had a rocky start | 然而,它有一个摇滚的开始 |
| 22 | after opening in August last year. | 去年八月开业后 |
| 23 | The factory initially operated | 工厂最初运作 |
| 24 | at only 15 per cent or so of its capacity, | (a) 其能力仅为15%左右, |
| 25 | 根据Hardik Agarwal的说法, | |
| 26 | part of the family company's third generation. | 家族公司第三代的一部分。 |
| 27 | A 50 per cent tariff on Indian exports | 印度出口50%的关税 |
| 28 | imposed by America around the same time | 美国在同一时间实施 |
| 29 | hit sales hard. | 大力打击销售. |
| 30 | The recent history of Indian manufacturing | 印度制造业的近代史 |
| 31 | has involved many such disappointments. | 有许多这样的失望。 |
| 32 | In 2014, Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister, | 2014年,总理纳伦德拉·莫迪, |
| 33 | unveiled a programme of deregulation | 推出放松管制方案 |
| 34 | and infrastructure investment | 基础设施投资 |
| 35 | called Make in India, | 在印度被称为“制造”, |
| 36 | declaring that by 2022 the country | 宣布到2022年 |
| 37 | would earn a quarter of national income | 将赚取四分之一的国民收入 |
| 38 | from manufacturing. | 从制造业。 |
| 39 | As of last year, the share was 16 per cent, | 截至去年,这一比例为16%, |
| 40 | having barely budged over the preceding decade. | 在前十年里几乎没萌芽过 |
| 41 | Yet now may be India's moment. | 然而,现在可能是印度的时刻。 |
| 42 | Manufacturing output in August, | 8月份的制造业产出, |
| 43 | the most recent figure available, | 现有最新数字, |
| 44 | was nine per cent higher than the year before, | 比前一年高9%, |
| 45 | thanks in particular to surging production | 特别是由于产量激增 |
| 46 | of cars and electronics. | 汽车和电子设备。 |
| 47 | Partly that reflects the fallout | 部分地反映了后遗症 |
| 48 | from the war in the Gulf. | 从海湾战争。 |
| 49 | The rapid rise in the price of oil, | 油价迅速上涨, |
| 50 | which India typically buys in dollars, | 印度通常以美元购买, |
| 51 | has caused the value of the rupee to plummet, | 使卢比的值暴跌, |
| 52 | making imports dearer and exports cheaper. | 使进口更加珍贵,出口更加廉价。 |
| 53 | The central bank's first interest rate rise | 中央银行第一次利率上涨 |
| 54 | in three years, announced on October 7th, | 三年后,10月7日宣布, |
| 55 | did little to reverse the currency's slide. | 几乎没有做逆转 货币的滑动。 |
| 56 | But India's rising manufacturing output | 但印度的制造业产量不断上升 |
| 57 | also reflects its growing appeal | 也反映了其日益增长的吸引力 |
| 58 | as a place to make things. | 作为制造事物的地方。 |
| 59 | In dollar terms, India's electronics exports | 以美元计算,印度的电子产品出口 |
| 60 | were up by 90 per cent in August year on year, | 年8月增长90%; |
| 61 | with American-bound iPhones accounting | 以美国为界的iPhones会计 |
| 62 | for a large share of that. | 这其中很大一部分。 |
| 63 | Indeed, in one part of the country, | 事实上,在该国的一个地区, |
| 64 | a transformation is now in full swing. | 转变正在全面展开。 |
| 65 | It starts in Gujarat, | 从古吉拉特开始 |
| 66 | a hub for industries such as | 工业(如: |
| 67 | petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, | 石油化学和药品, |
| 68 | stretches south-east through Maharashtra, | 向东南穿过马哈拉施特拉 |
| 69 | home to Pune, a locus for car-making, | 浦那的故乡,是汽车制造之所, |
| 70 | as well as Mumbai, India's financial capital, | 以及孟买,印度的金融资本, |
| 71 | continues down into Karnataka, | 继续到卡纳塔克 |
| 72 | where a cluster of aerospace and defence companies | 航空航天公司和国防公司 |
| 73 | surround the technology epicentre of Bangalore, | 围绕班加罗尔科技中心, |
| 74 | and then into Tamil Nadu in the south, | 然后进入南部的泰米尔纳德邦, |
| 75 | where various manufacturing industries now thrive. | 现在,各种制造业蓬勃发展。 |
| 76 | This group of states, call it Industrial Pradesh, | 这组州,称之为工业邦, |
| 77 | is home to around 350 million people, | 大约3.5亿人的家园, |
| 78 | about a quarter of the population, | 大约四分之一的人口, |
| 79 | but adds some $240 billion of manufacturing value a year, | 但每年增加大约2400亿美元的制造业价值, |
| 80 | half of India's total. | 占印度总数的一半。 |
| 81 | Its experience holds a number of lessons | 它的经验有一些教训 |
| 82 | for the country as a whole. | 整个国家。 |
| 83 | First is the need to actively court investment, | 首先,需要积极进行法庭投资, |
| 84 | including from abroad. | 包括来自国外。 |
| 85 | As far back as 2003, Mr Modi, | 早在2003年,莫迪先生, |
| 86 | then Chief Minister of Gujarat, | 时任古吉拉特邦首席部长, |
| 87 | established a biennial expo called Vibrant Gujarat | 建立了两年一度的博览会,名为 " 古吉拉特活力 " |
| 88 | that has given the state's political and business leaders | 这给了国家的政治和商业领导人 |
| 89 | an opportunity to charm foreign investors. | 一个吸引外国投资者的机会。 |
| 90 | Maharashtra's Industrial Development Corporation acquires land, | 马哈拉施特拉的工业发展公司收购了土地, |
| 91 | builds industrial estates, | 建造工业园区, |
| 92 | and helps connect businesses to power and water | 并帮助企业与电力和水连接 |
| 93 | in order to attract factories. | 为了吸引工厂。 |
| 94 | Guidance Tamil Nadu, an investment promotion agency, | 泰米尔纳德邦指导,投资促进机构, |
| 95 | lures companies by identifying potential production sites | 通过查明潜在的生产地点来引诱公司 |
| 96 | and clearing bureaucratic hurdles. | 并清除官僚主义的障碍。 |
| 97 | In places like Tamil Nadu, | 在泰米尔纳德邦等地 |
| 98 | if you want to get a licence, | 如果你想获得执照, |
| 99 | you might have to pay some money, | 你可能得付钱 |
| 100 | but you get the licence, says an executive at one manufacturer. | 但你有执照 说一个制造商的经理 |
| 101 | In other parts of India, bribes are often followed | 在印度其他地区,贿赂经常被跟踪 |
| 102 | only by requests for further bribes and no licence. | 只有要求进一步行贿而没有许可证。 |
| 103 | The various industrial clusters | 各种工业集群 |
| 104 | that have emerged across Industrial Pradesh | 工业邦之间出现的 |
| 105 | have often been built around anchor businesses, | 往往围绕着主营企业, |
| 106 | a second lesson for India as a whole. | 整个印度的第二个教训。 |
| 107 | In the town of Sanand in Gujarat, | 在古吉拉特的Sanand镇, |
| 108 | a Tata Motors car factory was opened in 2010 | 2010年开设塔塔汽车汽车厂 |
| 109 | to replace a site in West Bengal | 以取代西孟加拉邦的一个地点 |
| 110 | that had been plagued by anti-capitalist protests. | 受到反资本主义抗议的困扰。 |
| 111 | Mr Modi played a central role in persuading the conglomerate | 莫迪先生在说服集团中扮演了核心角色 |
| 112 | to relocate production to his state. | 将生产转移到他的州。 |
| 113 | Since then, a network of auto component suppliers | 从那时起,汽车部件供应商网络 |
| 114 | has sprung up around it with factories of their own. | 周围涌现出自己的工厂。 |
| 115 | In every cluster that has worked in India, | 在印度工作的每一个组中, |
| 116 | there was an anchor player, says Rahul Jain of BCG, a consultancy. | 有位主播说 卡介集团的Rahul Jain是顾问 |
| 117 | Many anchor companies started out in assembling finished goods | 许多锚地公司开始组装成品 |
| 118 | from imported components, | 从进口部件, |
| 119 | then gradually switched to local suppliers, | 然后逐渐转向当地供应商, |
| 120 | as these gained the necessary expertise and scale. | 因为它们获得了必要的专门知识和规模。 |
| 121 | That approach, first seen in car making, | 这个方法,第一次出现在汽车制造中, |
| 122 | has become the model for other industries. | 成为其他行业的典范。 |
| 123 | Around a quarter of Apple's iPhones are now assembled in India | 苹果公司四分之一的iPhone 现在在印度组装 |
| 124 | in factories in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, | 在卡纳塔克和泰米尔纳德邦的工厂 |
| 125 | run by Foxconn, a Taiwanese company, | 由福克斯康(Foxconn)经营,台湾公司, |
| 126 | and Tata Electronics, another division of the conglomerate. | 和塔塔电子, 联合体的另一个分裂。 |
| 127 | Originally, the contract manufacturers | 最初是合同制造商 |
| 128 | simply put together imported parts, | 将进口零件拼凑在一起, |
| 129 | leading some to grumble that the manufacturing subsidies, | 导致一些人抱怨 制造业补贴, |
| 130 | known as production-linked incentives | 称为与生产有关的激励措施 |
| 131 | that Mr Modi unveiled in 2020, | 莫迪先生在2020年揭幕 |
| 132 | were merely bankrolling the import of Chinese-made components. | 仅仅是资助进口中国制造的部件。 |
| 133 | Yet in recent years, makers of parts for the devices | 然而近年来,这些装置的零件制造商 |
| 134 | have also started setting up local factories. | 还开始建立当地工厂。 |
| 135 | One industry estimate suggests that the value added | 一个行业估计表明, |
| 136 | in smartphone manufacturing in India | 印度智能手机制造业 |
| 137 | has risen from $4.5 billion in 2021 | 从2021年的45亿美元上升 |
| 138 | to $17.3 billion last year. | 去年有173亿美元 |
| 139 | India is eager to repeat the trick | 印度渴望重蹈覆辙 |
| 140 | in clean energy and semiconductors. | 在清洁能源和半导体。 |
| 141 | Imports of finished solar panels from China | 从中国进口成品太阳能电池板 |
| 142 | 从2022年开始,Ember说, | |
| 143 | an advocacy group. | 一个宣传小组。 |
| 144 | Imports of solar cells which go into the panels | 进口进入面板的太阳能电池 |
| 145 | and wafers which go into cells initially rose | 和进入细胞的卷饼 最初上升 |
| 146 | but have since shrunk as India has moved up the supply chain. | 但随着印度向供应链上游移动,印度已经萎缩。 |
| 147 | Gujarat, the centre of India's solar industry, | 古吉拉特,印度太阳能工业的中心 |
| 148 | can now make everything needed at competitive prices | 现在可以以有竞争力的价格使一切需要 |
| 149 | and with good quality, | 和高质量的, |
| 150 | 维夏集团的Jigesh Doshi说, | |
| 151 | which produces aluminium frames for the panels | 为面板生产铝框 |
| 152 | and various other components. | 和各种其他组成部分。 |
| 153 | A glass furnace is in the works. | 一个玻璃炉在工作。 |
| 154 | Until Donald Trump slapped a whopping tariff on them in February, | 直到唐纳德·特朗普在2月向他们打了一顿关税, |
| 155 | Indian solar exports to America had been surging. | 印度向美国出口的太阳能一直在激增。 |
| 156 | Giga factories for batteries are cropping up too. | Giga电池工厂也开始倒闭 |
| 157 | Reliance Industries and the Adani Group, | 依赖工业和Adani集团, |
| 158 | two other conglomerates, | 另外两个集团, |
| 159 | both of which are based in industrial Pradesh, | 两者都设在工业邦, |
| 160 | are in discussions with China's CATL, | 正在和中国的CATL讨论, |
| 161 | the world's largest battery manufacturer, | 世界上最大的电池制造商 |
| 162 | about collaborating on local production. | 关于合作在当地生产。 |
| 163 | An Indian semiconductor ecosystem | 印度半导体生态系统 |
| 164 | is also beginning to take shape. | 也开始形成。 |
| 165 | Five new chip-making facilities have opened | 已开放5个新的芯片制造设施 |
| 166 | in the country this year, | 今年在这个国家, |
| 167 | four of them in industrial Pradesh. | 其中四个在工业邦. |
| 168 | These mostly assemble and test basic chips | 这些主要是组装和测试基本芯片 |
| 169 | destined for cars, fridges and the like, | 目的地是汽车,冰箱之类的, |
| 170 | of which Indians are expected to buy vast numbers | 其中,印度人将购买大量 |
| 171 | in the years ahead. | 在未来的岁月里 |
| 172 | But the national government is trying to encourage production | 但国民政府试图鼓励生产 |
| 173 | of more advanced chips as well. | 还有更先进的芯片 |
| 174 | At an industry conference last month, | 在上个月的一次工业会议上 |
| 175 | American and Japanese firms in the chip-making supply chain | 芯片制造供应链中的美国和日本公司 |
| 176 | pledged to set up factories for the high-purity gases | 承诺为高纯度气体建立工厂 |
| 177 | and precision-engineered components | 和精密设计的组件 |
| 178 | needed for semiconductor production. | 半导体生产需要。 |
| 179 | Indian manufacturing still has a long way to go. | 印度制造业还有很长的路要走. |
| 180 | Industrial Pradesh is far from a global powerhouse. | 工业邦远非全球强国. |
| 181 | It manufactures about as much as Turkey, | 它的制造量和土耳其差不多 |
| 182 | but does so with four times the population. | 但却是人口的四倍 |
| 183 | Even compared with Vietnam, | 即使与越南相比 |
| 184 | another poor but fast-growing Asian country, | 另一个贫穷但增长迅速的亚洲国家, |
| 185 | manufacturing output per person is a third lower. | 人均制造业产出为三分之一。 |
| 186 | Partly that reflects multinationals' continued unease | 部分反映了跨国公司的持续不安 |
| 187 | about dealing with the Indian government, | 关于与印度政府打交道, |
| 188 | a third lesson for the country. | 国家第三课。 |
| 189 | Its bewildering and aggressively enforced tax regime | 其令人困惑和粗暴强制执行的税收制度 |
| 190 | is a particular sticking point. | 是个很棘手的问题 |
| 191 | Pernod Richard,一家法国饮料公司, | |
| 192 | is currently facing a claim for $314 million | 目前面临3.14亿美元的索赔 |
| 193 | in retrospective taxes. | 在追溯税。 |
| 194 | Volkswagen, a German carmaker, faces a mammoth legal case | 大众汽车公司是德国的汽车制造商,面临一个猛烈的法律案件 |
| 195 | over allegations it misclassified | 对错误分类的指控 |
| 196 | the components it brought into the country | B. 进入该国的部件 |
| 197 | in order to pay lower import duties. | 为了支付较低的进口税。 |
| 198 | Apple, meanwhile, is battling allegations | 同时,苹果公司也在争吵 |
| 199 | from Indian trustbusters of anti-competitive practices | 反竞争做法的破坏者 |
| 200 | related to its app store. | 与其应用商店有关。 |
| 201 | All three companies have denied wrongdoing. | 三家公司都否认有错。 |
| 202 | Even so, many Indian industrialists | 即使如此,许多印度实业家 |
| 203 | are in a buoyant mood. | 心情还不错 |
| 204 | Although the bedding factory still operates below capacity, | 虽然寝具厂仍然运作在容量以下, |
| 205 | Mr Agarwal is optimistic about the prospects | 阿加瓦尔先生对前景很乐观 |
| 206 | for his business. | 为了他的生意 |
| 207 | He has discovered new markets in Europe and South America | 他在欧洲和南美洲发现了新的市场 |
| 208 | that will generate plenty of sales while he waits | 在他等待的时候, |
| 209 | for American tariffs on India to be lifted. | 美国取消对印度的关税。 |
| 210 | And he can take comfort from the fact that, | 他能够从这个事实中得到安慰, |
| 211 | for the time being, big local competitors | 目前,当地大竞争者 |
| 212 | remain few and far between. | 仍然很少,相距甚远。 |
| 213 | That may not be true for long. | 这可能不会是很久。 |
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