《经济学人》日本：被时代冷落的一代人 [B2]

发布于 2026-08-25 · 时长 8:41

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:03	Asia.	亚洲。
0:06	Japan.	日本国.
0:07	Frozen out.	冻出.
0:09	Japan's Ice Age generation workers are squeezed once again.	日本冰河时代一代工人再次被挤压.
0:15	近20年来,50岁的Torigoe Atsushi 在时尚的仓库工作
0:23	firm in Tokyo.	东京律所
0:25	His income rose only modestly, and it recently fell after his employer cut	他的收入只略微增长, 最近在他的雇主削减之后,
0:31	bonuses and reworked its pay scheme.	发放奖金并重新制定工资计划。
0:35	He now earns about 3.6 million yen, that's $22,600 a year.	他现在的收入约为360万日元,即每年22600美元.
0:44	Then he spotted the firm's recruitment ads, offering newcomers higher salaries.	然后他发现了公司的招聘广告给新来的人发了更高的薪水

展开字幕全文（117 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Asia.	亚洲。
2	Japan.	日本国.
3	Frozen out.	冻出.
4	Japan's Ice Age generation workers are squeezed once again.	日本冰河时代一代工人再次被挤压.
5	近20年来,50岁的Torigoe Atsushi 在时尚的仓库工作
6	firm in Tokyo.	东京律所
7	His income rose only modestly, and it recently fell after his employer cut	他的收入只略微增长, 最近在他的雇主削减之后,
8	bonuses and reworked its pay scheme.	发放奖金并重新制定工资计划。
9	He now earns about 3.6 million yen, that's $22,600 a year.	他现在的收入约为360万日元,即每年22600美元.
10	Then he spotted the firm's recruitment ads, offering newcomers higher salaries.	然后他发现了公司的招聘广告给新来的人发了更高的薪水
11	It's great that younger people are getting better pay, he says, but why not raise mine?	他说,年轻人得到更好的报酬是件好事但为什么不提高我的薪水呢?
12	Mr. Torigoe belongs to Japan's Ice Age generation, workers who entered the labour	托里戈先生是日本冰河时代的一代人进入劳动的工人
13	market between 1993 and 2004, after the country's economic bubble burst and many companies stopped	1993年至2004年,在经济泡沫破裂,许多公司停止营业之后,
14	hiring.	雇佣
15	The Ice Ages often endured years of insecure work and low pay.	冰河时代往往忍受多年的不安全工作和低薪。
16	Now, in their 40s	四十多岁了
17	and 50s, thus Generation X, they are losing out again.	50年代,所以X代,他们又输了
18	Japan is emerging from decades of	日本正在摆脱几十年的
19	deflation, prices are rising, and companies are handing out their biggest pay increases in a	通货紧缩物价上涨公司发售最大增薪
20	generation.	生成。
21	But the Ice Ages are not benefiting.	但是冰河时代并没有受益.
22	Worse may come when this cohort of baby boomers	更糟糕的是,这群婴儿会来
23	the last bulge in Japan's population pyramid drifts into retirement.	日本人口金字塔上最后的暴涨逐渐走向退休
24	The Ice Ages fortunes	冰河时代的财富
25	contrast starkly with those of the generation that came just before.	和刚刚来的一代人形成鲜明对比
26	During the bubble years	在泡沫的岁月里
27	of the 1980s, companies hired voraciously.	1980年代, 公司雇用贪婪。
28	College students found their mailboxes stuffed	大学生发现他们的邮箱塞满了东西
29	with offer letters or were treated to fancy meals by employers keen to woo them.	或被热衷于请他们吃饭的雇主对待
30	Everything	所有的东西
31	changed as the bubble popped in the early 1990s.	随着1990年代初气泡的出现而改变。
32	Japan's rigid employment system made it hard for	日本的僵硬就业制度使得
33	firms to shed existing workers, so they cut hiring instead.	公司要甩掉现有的工人, 所以他们削减雇用。
34	The ratio of job openings to	职位空缺与
35	college applicants fell from nearly three at its peak to below one by 2000.	大学申请人数从高峰时期的近3人下降到2000年的不到1人。
36	Nagai Toshihisa,	藤岛永井
37	who graduated in 1999 shortly after the Asian financial crisis, abandoned his hope of working	1999年亚洲金融危机后不久毕业,放弃了工作希望
38	for a securities firm.	为证券公司。
39	It felt utterly stupid looking for jobs, he recalls.	他回忆说,找工作很蠢
40	Many in his	很多人在他身边
41	generation sent out dozens, even hundreds of applications to no avail.	数以百计的应用都无济于事
42	It did not help that	没用的
43	Ice Age cohort was such a big one, adding to the oversupply.	冰河时代的组群如此之大,加剧了供过于求的情况。
44	Many graduates who failed to secure	许多未获得
45	regular jobs ended up in temporary or contract work.	正规工作最终从事临时或合同工作。
46	Japan's labour market sharply distinguishes	日本劳动力市场的显著区别
47	between regular workers, who enjoy strong legal protections and seniority-based pay rises, and	享受强有力的法律保护的正规工人与基于年资的工资增长之间,以及
48	irregular ones, who often do similar work for much less money and are the first to be laid off in	非正常的,他们经常做类似的工作少得多的钱,并且是第一个被解雇在
49	downturns.	低调。
50	Such jobs often used to be filled by housewives supplementing their husband's salaries.	这些工作通常由家庭主妇承担,以补充丈夫的工资。
51	Kondo Ayako表示,
52	the University of Tokyo.	东京大学
53	The term Freetas, youngsters drifting between casual jobs,	Freetas这个词年轻人在临时工作之间漂流
54	和Parasite Singles一样,他们从父母身边活到成年。
55	There was also growing concern about hikikomori, social recluses.	人们也日益关注社会隔离的hikikomori。
56	Time and acute labour shortages	时间和严重劳动力短缺
57	have repaired some of the damage.	已经修复了一些损坏。
58	The share of Ice Agers in regular employment has largely caught	Ice Agers在正规就业中所占的比重已基本达到
59	日本研究所的Shimoda Yusuke说,
60	But their	但是他们
61	earnings have not.	收入没有。
62	Those who spent long stretches in irregular work tend not to fully catch up,	那些长期从事非正规工作的人往往不会完全赶上,
63	even after switching to the regular track.	即使在切换到正轨之后。
64	Those in regular jobs faced another problem.	从事正规工作的人面临另一个问题。
65	The upper	上层
66	workers, delaying promotions for those who followed.	工人们会推迟跟随者的晋升
67	Japan's low labour mobility has meant the	日本劳动力流动性低意味着
68	unlucky cohort cannot easily seek better pay elsewhere.	不幸的组别很难在别处寻求更好的报酬。
69	Japan's economy is changing.	日本经济正在发生变化.
70	After	之后
71	three decades of stagnation, wages are rising as inflation returns, and job hopping is becoming	三十年来的停滞,随着通货膨胀的回升,工资正在上升,工作正在增加。
72	more common.	更常见。
73	Yet these improvements are mostly benefiting the young.	然而,这些改善主要使年轻人受益。
74	Companies short of labour	劳动力不足的公司
75	are competing fiercely for fresh blood and paying more to attract and retain it.	正在激烈竞争鲜血并付出更多吸引和保留它。
76	Middle-aged employees	中年雇员
77	are much less likely to switch jobs, giving firms little incentive to raise their wages.	转岗的可能性要小得多,给企业增加工资的动力也很小。
78	According to Kumano Hideo, an economist at Daiichi Life Research Institute, nominal wages	根据大一生活研究所经济学家Kumano Hideo的说法,名义工资
79	for college-educated workers in their 20s and 30s were 10 to 16 per cent higher in 2025 than five	2025年,受过高等教育的20至30岁工人比5人高出10%至16%;
80	years earlier.	几年前的事了已经很久了
81	Meanwhile, those in their early 50s suffered a nominal decline of 1.3 per cent.	与此同时,50年代初期的人名义上下降了1.3%。
82	Abe Katsuya, 48, says the large pay rises dished out to the young give him mixed feelings.	Abe Katsuya, 48岁, 说给年轻人的巨额工资上涨,
83	He is	没错
84	part of the Mammoth Club, a support group for ice-agers who identify with the woolly beasts	母马俱乐部的一部分,一个支持冰龄人谁认同羊毛野兽
85	that endured harsh times.	痛苦的时光
86	All this has left the ice-agers with low lifetime earnings,	这一切让冰龄人一生收入都很低
87	and therefore little in the way of savings.	故节约很少。
88	That points to a looming crisis as they reach	这说明,当他们到达时,危机迫在眉睫。
89	old age.	老年。
90	Japan's pension system ties payouts to lifetime earnings, so decades of suppressed pay	日本的养老金制度把报酬与终身收入挂钩, 数十年的低薪
91	will translate into low pensions.	将转化为低养恤金。
92	Those who happen to come of age in a downturn are likely	那些碰巧在衰退中长大的人
93	to carry that handicap for the rest of their lives, laments Mr Kumano.	他们的余生都带着这种障碍感叹的是库马诺先生
94	Getting them to work	让他们工作
95	longer, as a growing number of old people already do, is one fix, but it will not solve everything.	更长的时间,像越来越多的老人已经做的, 是一个固定的,但它不会解决一切。
96	Ms Kondo warns that many may end up on welfare, which is not designed to support the elderly	近藤女士警告说,许多人可能最终会得到福利,而福利不是用来抚养老年人的。
97	over extended periods.	时间较长。
98	That would be costly.	那会很昂贵的。
99	For instance, the state pays welfare recipients	例如,国家向福利领取者支付
100	medical bills in full.	医疗账单全数
101	And because the generations behind the ice-agers are smaller,	而且因为冰河时代的后代都比较小
102	fewer workers will have to support more pensioners.	需要养活更多养恤金领取者的工人将减少。
103	The woes of the ice-age generation have long had	冰河时代一代的悲哀已经很久了
104	the government's attention.	政府的关注。
105	For decades, authorities have come up with programs to help them find jobs	几十年来,当局制定了帮助他们找到工作的方案。
106	and nudge reclusive ones to connect with the outside world.	与外界联系
107	Yet as the ice-agers grow older,	然而,随着冰老化,
108	they face new problems.	他们面临新的问题。
109	Beyond thin pensions and savings, questions loom, for instance,	除了微薄的养老金和储蓄之外,问题也浮现,例如:
110	over housing.	对住房。
111	Compared with older Japanese, this cohort is less likely to own homes,	和老日本人相比这群人不太可能拥有房子
112	and Japan's rental market is unfriendly towards older tenants.	日本的租房市场对年长的租户不友好。
113	The government is belatedly	政府已经晚了
114	adjusting.	调整。
115	In April, it produced a three-year plan for the ice-agers, spanning measures from	4月,它为冰龄人制订了一个三年计划,包括:
116	asset building to housing.	资产建筑换住房。
117	But a lot more serious thinking will be needed.	但还需要更认真的思考。

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