《经济学人》英国人正在“集体退出国家”？ [B2] 原声

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P1	《经济学人》英国人正在“集体退出国家”？ [B2] 原声	7:53

P1 · 《经济学人》英国人正在“集体退出国家”？ [B2] p01 原声 (P1)

《经济学人》英国人正在“集体退出国家”？ [B2] p01 原声 (P1)

发布于 2026-09-21 · 时长 7:53

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:16	Who would buy a television licence?	谁会买电视执照?
0:19	In Britain, fewer do.	在英国,做更少。
0:21	Subscriptions for the £180 or $245	180英镑或245美元的订阅费
0:25	annual levy required to watch broadcasters and the BBC's iPlayer fell to £23.2 million	收看广播公司和英国广播公司iPlayer的年税降至2 320万英镑
0:32	in 2025, the eighth straight year of decline.	在2025年,第八年的直线下降。
0:36	The dearth is caused partly by viewers moving	缺乏部分是由观众移动造成的
0:39	to platforms such as Netflix, but outright evasion is growing.	但公然逃避正在增加
0:44	For who today feels much deference towards a broadcaster that often tumbles into scandal?	今天谁对一个经常陷入丑闻的广播员感到很尊重呢?
0:49	The estimated evasion rate has risen from 5.2% in 2010 to 11.9% today.	据估计,逃税率已从2010年的5.2%上升到今天的11.9%。
0:52	Around half of	大约一半

展开字幕全文（132 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	Who would buy a television licence?	谁会买电视执照?
2	In Britain, fewer do.	在英国,做更少。
3	Subscriptions for the £180 or $245	180英镑或245美元的订阅费
4	annual levy required to watch broadcasters and the BBC's iPlayer fell to £23.2 million	收看广播公司和英国广播公司iPlayer的年税降至2 320万英镑
5	in 2025, the eighth straight year of decline.	在2025年,第八年的直线下降。
6	The dearth is caused partly by viewers moving	缺乏部分是由观众移动造成的
7	to platforms such as Netflix, but outright evasion is growing.	但公然逃避正在增加
8	For who today feels much deference towards a broadcaster that often tumbles into scandal?	今天谁对一个经常陷入丑闻的广播员感到很尊重呢?
9	The estimated evasion rate has risen from 5.2% in 2010 to 11.9% today.	据估计,逃税率已从2010年的5.2%上升到今天的11.9%。
10	Around half of	大约一半
11	as not needing a licence do so incorrectly, the BBC reckons.	英国广播公司认为不需要许可证是不正确的。
12	最近,Shruggs一家公司
13	boss, people simply do not answer the door to licence fee enforcers.	老板,人们根本没向执照费执行者交待
14	Britons are shunning obligations that used to be deemed civic duties.	英国人回避了过去被视为公民义务的义务。
15	Rates of non-compliance	违约率
16	have grown across everyday responsibilities, such as paying local taxes, responding to	在日常责任方面有所增长,例如缴纳地方税金,应对
17	official surveys and sending children to school.	官方调查和送儿童上学。
18	Similar trends can be seen across Europe and	在整个欧洲和中东也可以看到类似的趋势。
19	America.	美国。
20	Individually, the opt-outs might appear unrelated or trivial.	就个人而言,选择退出可能显得无关紧要或无关紧要。
21	They have diverse causes, from	他们有不同的原因,从。
22	squeezed budgets to online misinformation, but overlay them and the pattern is striking.	预算被挤压到网上错误信息中,但叠加起来,模式惊人。
23	Something seems to have slipped in the relationship between the state and society.	国家与社会之间的关系似乎有所下滑。
24	As compliance	作为遵守
25	falls, the state becomes less effective, leaving the public still more cynical.	衰落,国家变得不那么有效,让公众更加愤世嫉俗.
26	Andy Burnham和他的同事对趋势很担心。
27	When the Prime Minister laments	当首相叹息
28	neoliberalism, he is talking as much about runaway individualism as economics, explains	新自由主义,他讲的和经济学一样多的离家出走的个人主义。
29	one figure in his circle.	在他的圈子里有一个人
30	The Institute for Public Policy Research, or IPPR, a think tank	公共政策研究所,即IPPR,智囊团
31	close to the government, advocates reciprocism.	贴近政府,主张对等主义.
32	It favours measures, such as mandatory voting,	它赞成强制投票等措施,
33	to rebuild a sense of civic obligation.	重建公民义务感。
34	Three culprits seem to be afoot.	3名罪犯似乎已经走了
35	One is a long-term collapse in trust and deference.	一是信任与尊重长期崩溃.
36	In 1986, 38% of people said they usually trusted the government to put the national interest	在1986年,38%的人说他们通常信任政府把国家利益
37	first.	先说
38	Today, just 9% say they do, according to the British Social Attitudes Survey.	英国社会态度调查显示,
39	The	那个
40	share declaring corruption endemic in the civil service rose by 16 percentage points	宣布公务员腐败流行的比例上升了16个百分点
41	from 2014 to 2023, while those saying obeying laws and rules is very important fell by 6	从2014年到2023年,那些说遵守法律和规则非常重要的人下降了6人
42	points, reports the International Social Survey Programme, a study.	要点,报告《国际社会调查方案》,一项研究。
43	The World Values Survey	世界价值调查
44	finds that the share saying it would be good to have greater respect for authority fell	发现说更尊重权威会更好
45	from 74% to 56% between 1981 and 2022.	从1981年至2022年间的74%到56%.
46	Second, a mix of high taxes and poor services has sapped faith in government.	第二,高税收与差的服务相结合,使人们对政府的信念下降。
47	People are	人们是
48	withdrawing from the state because the state hasn't been delivering for them, says Harry	Harry说,因为州里没有给他们送货所以退出州里
49	IPPR的Quilter-Pinner(英语:Quilter-Pinner of IPPR). 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2013-12-21.
50	Demand for alternatives like private healthcare is growing.	对私人保健等替代办法的需求正在增加。
51	The third culprit is the Covid-19 pandemic, which broke many habits of compliance.	第三个罪魁祸首是科维德-19大流行,它打破了许多守法习惯.
52	Britain	英国
53	is not a hotbed of bearded libertarians living off-grid in the woods.	不是胡须自由主义者的温床住在树林外
54	People dislike tax	人们不喜欢税
55	avoidance and benefit fraud more than in many other rich economies.	与许多其他富裕经济体相比,避免欺诈和为欺诈谋取更多利益。
56	But even a modest fall	但即使是一个微小的坠落
57	in compliance can be costly.	遵守规定可能代价高昂。
58	Take council tax, which raised £47bn or 1.6% of GDP last year.	征收议会税,去年筹集了47bn英镑或国内生产总值的1.6%.
59	It was collected in England	这是在英国收集的
60	at a rate above 97% through the 2010s.	在2010年代,这一比例超过97%。
61	During the worst of the Covid-19 pandemic, councils	在Covid-19大流行最严重的时期,理事会
62	stopped enforcing debts.	停止强制执行债务。
63	The collection rate never recovered, falling to 95.6% last year.	收缴率从未恢复,去年降至95.6%.
64	Areas have risen to £7.4bn.	地区已经上升到7.4亿英镑.
65	Weaker enforcement also helps to explain a dramatic rise in unpaid	弱小的执法也有助于解释无报酬现象剧增的原因
66	energy bills now totalling £6bn.	能源账单现在共计6英镑。
67	Many families are struggling financially, but energy debts	许多家庭在财政上挣扎,但能源债务
68	do not accrue interest and suppliers seldom disconnect homes.	不产生利息,供应商很少将住房断开。
69	As a result, people who	因此,人们
70	can afford to settle their debts are free-riding on rules meant to protect the vulnerable,	无力偿还其债务是随意利用旨在保护弱势群体的规则,
71	claims Energy UK, an industry lobby group.	声称英国能源,一个行业游说集团。
72	TV licensing is more weakly enforced too.	电视许可证的发放力度也比较弱。
73	The public no longer believes in the detector vans, once said to prowl the streets, and	公众不再相信探测车,曾经说浏览街道,
74	the BBC is reluctant to see debtors jailed.	英国广播公司不愿意看到债务人入狱。
75	Covid caused a fundamental breakdown in the relationship between schools and parents,	科维德造成学校与家长关系的根本破裂,
76	concluded a report by Public First, a consultancy.	作为顾问,公共第一组织完成了一份报告。
77	After experiencing mandatory lockdowns, many	在经历了强制封锁之后,许多
78	parents concluded that education is simply optional.	家长的结论是,教育只是选择性的。
79	Persistent absenteeism – pupils	长期缺勤-学生
80	missing 10% of school or more – hit 23% in 2022, more than twice the pre-Covid average.	2022年,超过科维德前平均水平的两倍。
81	Britain's vaccine drive was remarkably popular, yet it also drove a wave of online vaccine	英国的疫苗驱动非常受欢迎, 但也驱动了一波在线疫苗
82	scepticism.	怀疑论.
83	The 6-in-1 jab, which covers horrors including polio, is an example.	包括脊髓灰质炎在内的恐怖的6-in-1击球就是一个例子。
84	The share	份额
85	of two-year-olds covered exceeded the World Health Organisation's 95% target every year	超过世界卫生组织每年95%的目标
86	from 2010 to 2018.	从2010年到2018年.
87	It has not been hit since, falling to 92.5% last year.	自那以后没有受到冲击,去年下降到92.5%.
88	In Hackney, a London	在伦敦哈克尼
89	borough, it collapsed to 66%.	县,它崩溃到66%。
90	Other essential health checks are failing too.	其他必要的健康检查也正在失败。
91	The share of women	妇女所占比例
92	undergoing cervical and breast cancer screening has also fallen, in common with other advanced	接受子宫颈癌和乳腺癌检查的人数也有所下降,与其他先进者一样。
93	economies.	经济。
94	Some changes can make cities feel disorderly.	有些变化会让城市感到无序.
95	Fair evasion on the London Underground	伦敦地下的公平逃逸
96	shot up during the pandemic and now stands at 3.5%.	目前为3.5%。
97	Transport for London wants to cut the rate	伦敦的运输公司想减速
98	to 1.5% by 2030.	到2030年达到1.5%。
99	But commuters have grown tolerant of barrier jumpers.	但通勤者对跳墙者已变得宽容.
100	The share of	份额
101	Britain's declaring fair evasion never justifiable has fallen by 15 points since 1981.	自1981年以来,英国宣布的公平逃逸是毫无道理的。
102	In Britain, as elsewhere, response rates to official job surveys have declined,	在英国,与其他地方一样,官方工作调查的答复率有所下降,
103	leaving monetary policymakers flying blind.	让货币决策者盲目飞翔
104	In 1977, Britain's labour force survey had a	1977年,英国的劳动力调查显示,
105	response rate of 70%.	答复率为70%。
106	It reached a nadir of 13% in 2023 and now stands at 23%.	2023年达到13%的纳迪尔,现在达到23%。
107	One reason is that landlines have given way to mobile phones.	其中一个原因是地线已经让位于手机.
108	But falling institutional trust	但机构信任的下降
109	is part of the problem.	是问题的一部分。
110	Sir Ian Diamond, formerly head of the Office for National Statistics,	前国家统计局局长伊恩·戴蒙德爵士
111	spoke of very high levels of flat refusals compared with the period before the pandemic.	说到与该流行病前期相比,拒绝率很高。
112	Changes in the media landscape may not be helping.	媒体景观的变化可能无济于事。
113	Consider the hosepipe bans in force across much	想想管子的禁令已经生效了很多
114	of England after droughts this summer, which rely on voluntary compliance.	今年夏天发生旱灾后,英格兰的旱灾,这取决于自愿遵守。
115	In the 1970s,	1970年代,
116	the Daily Telegraph, a newspaper for people with large gardens, provided stern advice on how to	《每日电讯报》是一家面向拥有大花园的人们的报纸,它就如何
117	manage without.	管理没有。
118	This summer, it ran columns with headlines such as, I'm defying the hosepipe ban	今年夏天,它开着有头条的专栏, 比如,我违抗水管禁令
119	until my water company sorts themselves out.	直到我的水公司把自己弄出来
120	Lower tax revenue, unreliable statistics and a	税收减少、统计数据不可靠和
121	sicker population make all governments less effective.	患病人口增加,使所有政府的效率降低。
122	There is no point spending billions	没必要花几十亿
123	on school curriculums or vaccine drives if people do not turn up.	在学校课程或疫苗驱动器上,如果人们不出现。
124	Yet weakening compliance presents	然而,守约能力减弱
125	a particular problem for the left, which conceives of the state as a collectivist project.	左侧的一个特殊问题将国家视为集体主义计划
126	The effect	影响
127	is asymmetrical.	是不对称的。
128	It undermines some of the core propositions of the progressive side of politics,	它破坏了政治进步方面的一些核心主张,
129	Quirto Pinnor先生说。
130	Mr Burnham promises a bigger state.	伯纳姆先生保证会有一个更大的状态。
131	Many Britons are opting out of it	许多不列颠人选择退出
132	altogether. Many Britons are opting out of it altogether. Many Britons are opting out of it	完全没有。许多不列颠人选择完全退出。许多不列颠人选择退出

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