《科学新闻》人造太阳照亮深夜，我们正在永久杀死星空！ [C1
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剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 《科学新闻》人造太阳照亮深夜，我们正在永久杀死星空！ [C1 | 19:39 |
P1 · 《科学新闻》人造太阳照亮深夜，我们正在永久杀死星空！ [C1] p01 原声 (P1)
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字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:05 | You're listening to Big Space Mirrors Could Bring Earth On Demand Light and Upend Our | 你正在听大太空镜 可以带地球在需求之光和升起我们 |
| 0:11 | "夜空"(英語:Night Sky by Lisa Grossman),2026年9月17日由科学新闻出版. | |
| 0:19 | This article was narrated using an AI voice and quality assured by NOAA's editors. | 这篇文章是用AI的声音和NOAA编辑保证的质量来叙述的. |
| 0:27 | Since 1989, astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell has tracked every human-made object in space. | 自1989年起,天体物理学家乔纳森·麦克道尔(英语:Jonathan McDowell)一直在跟踪太空中每一个人造天体. |
| 0:34 | McDowell's meticulously maintained catalogue, updated every few weeks, is more comprehensive | 麦克道尔精心保存的目录 每几周更新一次 更加全面 |
| 0:40 | and detailed than that of most governments. | 比大多数政府都详细 |
| 0:43 | From his front-row seat, he has watched with | 从他的前排座位, 他已经观看了 |
| 0:45 | growing alarm as private companies launched dozens, then hundreds, then thousands of satellites | 随着私营公司发射数十颗卫星、几百颗卫星、数千颗卫星,警报性越来越大 |
| 0:52 | over the last decade. | 过去10年 |
| 0:54 | So when McDowell heard that a space company called Reflect Orbital | 当麦克道尔听说一个叫反射轨道的太空公司 |
展开字幕全文（315 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | You're listening to Big Space Mirrors Could Bring Earth On Demand Light and Upend Our | 你正在听大太空镜 可以带地球在需求之光和升起我们 |
| 2 | "夜空"(英語:Night Sky by Lisa Grossman),2026年9月17日由科学新闻出版. | |
| 3 | This article was narrated using an AI voice and quality assured by NOAA's editors. | 这篇文章是用AI的声音和NOAA编辑保证的质量来叙述的. |
| 4 | Since 1989, astrophysicist Jonathan McDowell has tracked every human-made object in space. | 自1989年起,天体物理学家乔纳森·麦克道尔(英语:Jonathan McDowell)一直在跟踪太空中每一个人造天体. |
| 5 | McDowell's meticulously maintained catalogue, updated every few weeks, is more comprehensive | 麦克道尔精心保存的目录 每几周更新一次 更加全面 |
| 6 | and detailed than that of most governments. | 比大多数政府都详细 |
| 7 | From his front-row seat, he has watched with | 从他的前排座位, 他已经观看了 |
| 8 | growing alarm as private companies launched dozens, then hundreds, then thousands of satellites | 随着私营公司发射数十颗卫星、几百颗卫星、数千颗卫星,警报性越来越大 |
| 9 | over the last decade. | 过去10年 |
| 10 | So when McDowell heard that a space company called Reflect Orbital | 当麦克道尔听说一个叫反射轨道的太空公司 |
| 11 | plans to launch a satellite to reflect the sun's light onto the night side of Earth, | 计划发射一颗卫星 以反射太阳的光芒 在地球的夜幕面, |
| 12 | he heaved a deep sigh. | 他深吸了一口气, |
| 13 | It's an insane project, says McDowell, who retired from Harvard this year and is now an | 麦克道威尔说,这是一个疯狂的项目,他今年从哈佛退休,现在是一个 |
| 14 | honorary professor at Durham University in England. | 英国达勒姆大学名誉教授. |
| 15 | There's a failure to understand that | 无法理解 |
| 16 | darkness is a good thing. | 黑暗是件好事 黑暗是件好事 |
| 17 | Reflect Orbital, based near Los Angeles, hopes its satellite | 洛杉矶附近的反射轨道 希望它的卫星 |
| 18 | and others like it someday offer, sunlight on demand, illuminating disaster areas for | 以及其它类似的东西 有一天,阳光照耀着需求 照亮灾区 |
| 19 | search and rescue efforts, lighting up nighttime events and festivals and allowing solar farms | 开展搜索和救援工作,点亮夜间活动和节日,并允许太阳能农场 |
| 20 | to run all hours of the day. | 整天跑来跑去 |
| 21 | We believe that exploring how new technologies can help the | 我们认为,探索新技术如何有助于 |
| 22 | world forgo fossil fuels is a responsible application of the scientific process, | 世界放弃化石燃料是科学过程的负责任应用, |
| 23 | Christopher Buscombe, a spokesperson for Reflect Orbital, wrote in an email to Science News. | 反射轨道的发言人克里斯托弗·布斯科姆(Christopher Buscombe)在一封给科学新闻的电子邮件中写道. |
| 24 | We will continue to work closely with scientific partners who share this belief. | 我们将继续与赞同这一信念的科学伙伴密切合作。 |
| 25 | But many space observers and dark-sky enthusiasts are in an uproar. | 但是许多太空观察家和黑暗的天空爱好者都陷入了一片混乱之中. |
| 26 | The consequences to astronomy | 对天文学的影响 |
| 27 | could be catastrophic, they say, and the reflected light could threaten human health and safety | 他们说,这可能会是灾难性的,反射光会威胁到人类健康和安全 |
| 28 | and disrupt wildlife. | 和破坏野生动物。 |
| 29 | In March, the American Astronomical Society petitioned the Federal | 3月,美国天文学会向联邦 |
| 30 | Communications Commission to deny Reflect Orbital's request to operate the test satellite. | 通信委员会拒绝反映轨道运行试验卫星的请求. |
| 31 | When the FCC granted approval in July, non-profit organizations including Dark Sky International | 当公平竞争委员会于7月批准时,包括黑暗天空国际在内的非营利组织 |
| 32 | asked the agency to reverse its decision. | 要求该机构推翻其决定。 |
| 33 | The response to Reflect Orbital reflects growing | 对反射轨道的反应反映 |
| 34 | concerns about the crowding of space more generally. | 更普遍地担心空间拥挤。 |
| 35 | The number of active satellites | 活动卫星的数目 |
| 36 | orbiting Earth has ballooned from 2,000 in 2018 to over 16,000 today, McDowell says. | 环绕地球运行的气球从2018年的2000个升到今天的16000个以上,麦克道尔表示. |
| 37 | Many more are expected to launch in the years ahead. | 预计今后几年还将推出更多的项目。 |
| 38 | This traffic jam, along with the proliferation | 交通堵塞,再加上扩散 |
| 39 | of space junk from dead satellites and discarded rocket stages, has space scientists worried about | 太空科学家担心 |
| 40 | collisions that could wipe out GPS navigation and other essential tools. | 能够消灭全球定位系统导航和其他必要工具的碰撞。 |
| 41 | The satellites are | 这些卫星是 |
| 42 | also a problem for astronomers, interrupting observations by leaving streaks on telescope | 对天文学家来说也是个问题,通过在望远镜上留下痕迹来干扰观测 |
| 43 | images. | 图像。 |
| 44 | But there's not much scientists can do to appeal the launches, says international | 但是,国际科学家们没有多少办法来吸引发射。 |
| 45 | 旧金山大学环境律师Dana Zartner. | |
| 46 | Space satellite deployments are | 空间卫星的部署 |
| 47 | governed, sometimes loosely, by a patchwork of domestic regulations and international treaties. | 由一系列国内条例和国际条约来管理,有时是松散的。 |
| 48 | The law has not caught up to the reality of what is happening, Zartner says. | 扎特纳说,法律没有赶上现实。 |
| 49 | The Reflect Orbital | 反射轨道 |
| 50 | launch, expected this year, could change that. | 预计今年发射会改变这种情况。 |
| 51 | The satellite's unique brightness and the risks | 卫星独特的亮度和风险 |
| 52 | it may bring could mark an inflection point in the way we regulate the night sky. | 它可能会给我们调节夜空的方式 留下一个裂痕 |
| 53 | The project | 项目 |
| 54 | amplifies the issue to the point where it's impossible to ignore, says astronomer Stephen | 天文学家史蒂芬说,将问题扩大至无法忽视的地步 |
| 55 | Humel of the McDonald Observatory in West Texas. | 西德克萨斯州麦当劳天文台的休梅尔. |
| 56 | Space law's roots are planted in the Cold War. | 空间法的根源植根于冷战时期. |
| 57 | Some of the earliest international treaties about activities in outer space | 最早的一些关于外层空间活动的国际条约 |
| 58 | grew from agreements banning nuclear tests high in the atmosphere. | 禁止在大气层高空进行核试验的协定使这种协定发展壮大。 |
| 59 | People were saying, let's not nuke the sky please, says Christian van Eyck, an expert in | 人们说,让我们不要核 天空请,说克里斯蒂安范艾克,一名专家 |
| 60 | international space law at Newcastle University in England. | 国际空间法,英国纽卡斯尔大学。 |
| 61 | Over 100 nations have signed the | 100多个国家已经签署了 |
| 62 | Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which declares space the province of all mankind. | 1967年《外空条约》宣布空间为全人类的空间。 |
| 63 | No nation can occupy | 任何国家都不能占领 |
| 64 | or claim sovereignty over any portion of outer space it says, and space must be used for peaceful | 或声称对它所说的外层空间的任何部分拥有主权,空间必须用于和平目的。 |
| 65 | purposes and be kept clear of harmful contamination. | 避免有害污染。 |
| 66 | Four other international treaties have dealt with | 其他四项国际条约涉及: |
| 67 | issues such as the registration of space objects and the liability they might cause. | 空间物体的登记及其可能造成的赔偿责任等问题。 |
| 68 | But such | 但是这样 |
| 69 | treaties are voluntary and it's difficult to enforce compliance. | 条约是自愿的,很难强制遵守。 |
| 70 | Nobody can make a state do | 没有人可以让一个州做 |
| 71 | any of these things, Zartner says. | 扎特纳说这些东西 |
| 72 | You cannot throw a state in jail. | 你不能把国家扔进监狱 |
| 73 | Individual countries | 个别国家 |
| 74 | have their own regulations about what goes into space and how. | 拥有他们自己的规则 进入空间和如何。 |
| 75 | In the United States, | 在美国, |
| 76 | the Federal Aviation Administration oversees rocket launches and re-entries, but the FCC | 联邦航空管理局负责监督火箭的发射和重新进入,但公平竞争委员会 |
| 77 | oversees licensing of commercial satellites that communicate with Earth and it has become | 监督与地球通信的商业卫星的许可证发放,并已成为 |
| 78 | the de facto gatekeeper for satellite approval. | 事实上的守门员 卫星批准。 |
| 79 | The FCC has traditionally been required to consider | 传统上要求公平竞争委员会考虑 |
| 80 | whether applications serve the public interest, but it has not generally considered factors such | 申请是否符合公共利益,但一般没有考虑这样的因素。 |
| 81 | as light pollution. | 作为轻度污染。 |
| 82 | The explosion in satellites in low Earth orbit between about 102,000 kilometers | 低地球轨道卫星在约102,000公里之间的爆炸 |
| 83 | in altitude has exposed gaps in the system, says astronomer Samantha Lawler of the University of | 天文学家萨曼莎·劳勒说, |
| 84 | Regina in Saskatchewan, Canada. | 瑞金娜在加拿大萨斯喀彻温 |
| 85 | That's because current approval processes look at launches one | 那是因为目前的批准程序 是看发射的 |
| 86 | by one without addressing what thousands of satellites mean in aggregate. | 而不讨论数以千计的卫星的总数。 |
| 87 | There are some | 有几个 |
| 88 | serious loopholes, Lawler says. | 劳勒说,严重漏洞。 |
| 89 | To reduce the impact to science, companies like SpaceX have | 为了减少对科学的影响 SpaceX等公司 |
| 90 | worked with astronomers to dim the appearance of their commercial satellites by changing their | 与天文学家合作,通过改变其商业卫星的外观来淡化其商业卫星的外观。 |
| 91 | orbits or painting the satellites black, for example. | 例如,轨道或将卫星漆成黑色。 |
| 92 | But there are still problems. | 但还有问题。 |
| 93 | Astronomer | 天文学家 |
| 94 | Meredith Rawls likens existing satellites to bugs on the windshield. | Meredith Rawls将现有的卫星比作挡风玻璃上的虫子. |
| 95 | She and colleagues have spent | 她和同事花了很多时间 |
| 96 | years preparing the new Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile to cope with the light streaks left by | 智利新的Vera C. Rubin天文台的筹备年 |
| 97 | overhead satellites. | 高层卫星。 |
| 98 | Those streaks can mess with searches for transiting exoplanets, the mysterious | 寻找外行星,神秘的 |
| 99 | sources of gravitational waves, objects in and beyond the distant Kuiper belt and asteroids that | 引力波源、遥远的Kuiper带和小行星内外的物体 |
| 100 | could cross paths with Earth. | 可以和地球交叉 |
| 101 | Satellites in low Earth orbit, including SpaceX's Starlink constellations, | 低地球轨道上的卫星,包括SpaceX的星链星座, |
| 102 | are mainly visible just before sunrise and after sunset. | 主要是在日出之前和日落之后 |
| 103 | That's prime time for many types of | 这是很多类型的黄金时间 |
| 104 | astronomical observations. | 天文观测. |
| 105 | One of the most frustrating parts about it is you won't know | 其中一个最令人沮丧的部分是 你不会知道 |
| 106 | what you didn't discover, says Rawls, of the University of Washington in Seattle. | 罗尔斯说,你没有发现 西雅图华盛顿大学的事 |
| 107 | We can't | 我们不能 |
| 108 | know what we didn't see. | 知道我们没看到什么 |
| 109 | The space community is also alarmed by the growing potential for | 空间界还感到震惊的是: |
| 110 | orbiting objects to crash into each other, hurtling space junk toward Earth or creating | * 轨道上物体相撞,使太空垃圾走向地球或产生 |
| 111 | an unnavigable debris field around the planet. | 环绕地球的无法导航的碎片场 |
| 112 | Most commercial satellites have thrusters to | 大多数商业卫星都有推进器 |
| 113 | avoid such collisions. | 避免这种碰撞。 |
| 114 | But the proliferation of objects means those satellites are engaging | 但物体的扩散 意味着这些卫星正在参与 |
| 115 | thrusters frequently, sometimes weekly. | 推进器经常,有时每周。 |
| 116 | Scientists wonder what will happen when they fail. | 科学家想知道失败后会发生什么. |
| 117 | And there | 还有 |
| 118 | is a growing concern about the potentially hazardous residue such satellites could leave | 这种卫星可能留下的危险残留物越来越令人担忧。 |
| 119 | in the atmosphere when they de-orbit. | 在大气层中,当它们脱离轨道。 |
| 120 | We are now using space as a species at an unprecedented level, | 我们现在以前所未有的水平将太空作为物种, |
| 121 | McDowell says. | 麦克道尔说. |
| 122 | A lot of effects that were previously trivial are now no longer trivial. | 以前微不足道的许多影响现在不再是微不足道的。 |
| 123 | Space scientists, amateur astronomers, indigenous peoples and many others are mourning the night | 太空科学家,业余天文学家,原住民和许多其他人在哀悼夜晚 |
| 124 | sky as it has existed for millennia. | 天空已经存在了几千年 |
| 125 | Or soon will be. | 或将不久. |
| 126 | This represents far more than mere loss | 这远远不只是损失 |
| 127 | of environment, wrote astronomers Aparna Venkatesan of the University of San Francisco and John | 圣弗朗西斯科大学和约翰大学的 Aparna Venkatesan 的天文学家 |
| 128 | Farentine, co-founder of the Center for Space Environmentalism, in 2023 in Science. | 法伦廷,空间环境主义中心联合创始人,2023年获科学奖. |
| 129 | We are witnessing loss of heritage, place-based language, identity, storytelling, millennia-old | 我们目睹了遗产、语言、身份、故事、千年历史的丧失 |
| 130 | sky traditions and our ability to conduct traditional practices grounded in the ecological | 天空传统和我们开展基于生态的传统做法的能力 |
| 131 | integrity of what we call, home. | 我们称之为正直的家 |
| 132 | The pair proposed a term for, sky grief, noctalgia. | 两人提出了"天上悲伤,鼻涕虫"的术语. |
| 133 | That grief could grow as companies put ever more satellites into space. | 随着公司将更多的卫星送入太空,这种悲痛可能会增加。 |
| 134 | 仅SpaceX计划 | |
| 135 | launch one million as part of orbiting data centers starting in late 2027. | 2027年末启动100万作为轨道数据中心的一部分. |
| 136 | Other companies | 其他公司 |
| 137 | and countries, including China's space agency, plan to launch hundreds of thousands more. | 以及包括中国航天局在内的各国计划再发射数十万枚. |
| 138 | Even if not all of them get off the ground, the number of fake stars in a dark night sky | 即使不是所有人都离开地面, 假星的数量在一个黑暗的夜晚天空中 |
| 139 | could rival the number of visible real ones by 2030, McDowell says. | McDowell说,到2030年,可以比得上可见的真人数量。 |
| 140 | Reflect orbital satellite | 反射轨道卫星 |
| 141 | named Arundel-1 is an 18 by 18 meter sheet of reflective material that will fold up for launch | 命名为Arundel-1 是18米长的反射材料 将叠叠发射 |
| 142 | and unfurl in space. | 并在太空中展开。 |
| 143 | Motors will maneuver it to bounce light in any direction the company desires. | 汽车将操纵它 弹射光向任何方向 公司希望。 |
| 144 | It will orbit 600 to 650 kilometers high, a popular altitude for commercial satellites. | 它将在600至650公里高的轨道上运行,这是商业卫星的流行高度。 |
| 145 | Arundel-1 will be able to shine light on a spot about five kilometers wide, | 阿伦德尔一号可以在大约5公里宽的地方照亮光芒, |
| 146 | making it as bright as if a full moon were overhead. | 让它像满月一样明亮 |
| 147 | The mirror will move at about 7.5 | 镜子会在7.5左右移动 |
| 148 | kilometers per second, meaning it will illuminate the same spot on the ground for four minutes | 每秒一公里,意味着它会在地面上照亮同一地点4分钟 |
| 149 | before disappearing over the horizon. | 在地平线上消失之前 |
| 150 | Our first demonstration mission will enable | 我们的首次示范任务将促成 |
| 151 | Reflect Orbital to test the operation of a commercially built spacecraft and deployable | 反映轨道以测试商用航天器和可部署航天器的运行 |
| 152 | reflector, including the built-in safeguards governing precisely how, where, and when the | 具体如何、在何处和何时 |
| 153 | Buscombe告诉科学新闻。 | |
| 154 | The mission will provide real-world data that | 任务将提供真实世界的数据 |
| 155 | shapes the design of future satellites, the markets we serve, how we engage communities, | 塑造未来卫星的设计,我们所服务的市场,我们如何让社区参与, |
| 156 | and the operational practices we put in place. | 以及我们实施的业务做法。 |
| 157 | We expect this to be the first of several test | 我们期望这是第一次测试 |
| 158 | missions. | 任务。 |
| 159 | This isn't the first time such a scheme has been proposed or even attempted. | 这不是第一次有人提议甚至尝试这样的计划. |
| 160 | In the 1960s, NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense ran a study called Project ABLE | 20世纪60年代,美国国家航空航天局和美国国防部开展了一项研究,名为 " ABLE项目 " 。 |
| 161 | to determine the feasibility of putting a 600-meter-wide mirror into a geosynchronous orbit | 确定将一个600米宽的镜像送入地球同步轨道的可行性 |
| 162 | 36,000 kilometers above Earth. | 地球海拔3.6万公里. |
| 163 | One of the motivations was to light the sky over Vietnam | 一个动机就是在越南上空点亮天空 |
| 164 | to aid combat. | 帮助战斗。 |
| 165 | They say history doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme, says Lisa Ruth Rand, | 传说历史不会重演 但确实有韵律 Lisa Ruth Rand说 |
| 166 | a California-based space historian who is writing a book about waste in Earth's orbit. | 一个位于加利福尼亚的空间历史学家,正在写一本关于地球轨道上的废物的书。 |
| 167 | Practicalities and cost meant the mirror never got off the ground. | 实用性和成本意味着镜子从未脱落。 |
| 168 | But in 1993, | 不过在1993年 |
| 169 | the Russian space agency deployed a 20-meter space mirror that swept a spot of light across | 俄罗斯航天局部署了一个20米长的太空镜 横扫着一个光点 |
| 170 | Europe. | 欧洲。 |
| 171 | The project sought to show the feasibility of lighting up Siberia during long winter nights. | 该项目试图显示在漫长的冬季夜晚点燃西伯利亚的可行性。 |
| 172 | Though the beam was mostly blocked by clouds, astronauts aboard the Mir space station filmed | 虽然光束大部分被云层挡住了,但和平号空间站上的宇航员拍摄到了 |
| 173 | the event. | 那个事件 |
| 174 | Reflect Orbital says its spotlight will be fully controllable and can be turned off | 反射轨道说它的聚光灯可以完全控制 并且可以关闭 |
| 175 | in an instant by tilting the mirror away from Earth. | 瞬间通过把镜子从地球向外倾斜 |
| 176 | Outside the beam, the light will look | 在梁外,灯光会照耀 |
| 177 | like just another star, according to Buscombe, and it shouldn't shine on places where no one | 根据布斯科贝的说法,它不应该照亮无人的地方 |
| 178 | ordered it. | 点了 |
| 179 | Space scientists aren't so sure. | 太空科学家不太确定 |
| 180 | As light travels from space to the ground, | 随着光从太空飞到地面 |
| 181 | it scatters off molecules in the atmosphere, says astrophysicist Gaspar Bakos of Princeton | 普林斯顿的天体物理学家加斯帕尔·巴科斯说,它散开大气中的分子 |
| 182 | University. | 大学. |
| 183 | That is why the sky is blue, why we see the clouds, he says. | 这就是为什么天空是蓝色的, 为什么我们看到云,他说。 |
| 184 | Bakos and colleagues | 巴克斯和同事 |
| 185 | ran computer simulations of the light from a Reflect Orbital satellite overhead under | 从反射轨道卫星上对光进行计算机模拟 |
| 186 | various conditions. | 各种条件 |
| 187 | Between scattering in the atmosphere and reflections from the ground, | 在大气中散射和地面反射之间 |
| 188 | Arendelle 1's beam could appear as a hazy chimney on the horizon from as far as 14 km away, | Arendelle 1的光束 可以作为烟囱出现在地平线上 从14公里远的地方 |
| 189 | the team reported in a paper posted in August on Archive.org. | 调查组在8月份张贴在Archive.org上的一篇论文中作了报告。 |
| 190 | Only one satellite is cleared for | 只有一颗卫星被清除 |
| 191 | operations, Reflect Orbital and the FCC note, but critics worry that there's nothing in the licensing | 运行,反射轨道 和FCC注, 但批评者担心 许可证中没有任何 |
| 192 | logic that would stand in the way of more. | 这会妨碍更多的逻辑。 |
| 193 | If the test is successful, Reflect Orbital says it | 如果测试成功 反射轨道说 |
| 194 | wants to launch 5,000 mirrors by 2030 and 50,000 by 2035. | 希望在2030年前发射5000个镜像,到2035年发射50000个镜像. |
| 195 | They would be larger, about 54 meters | 它们会更大,大约54米 |
| 196 | across. | 横过. |
| 197 | Light from such a mirror could brighten the night sky to as much as four full moons. | 如此一面镜子发出的光能使夜空亮到四颗满月. |
| 198 | Arranged in a chain, they would keep the lights on longer, because a new mirror would come into | 被捆绑起来 他们会把灯关得更长 因为新的镜子会进来 |
| 199 | view just as an old one sets. | 视之如旧 |
| 200 | It's quite a dance if you think about it, Hummel says. | 胡梅尔说,如果你想起来,那真是一曲舞曲 |
| 201 | A lot of things need to move very accurately in order to provide the levels of illumination | 很多东西需要非常精确的移动 以提供照明水平 |
| 202 | that they're claiming. | 他们声称。 |
| 203 | Within the beam, you'd see no stars. | 在梁内,你看不到星星 |
| 204 | The effect outside the beam would vary | 梁外的效果会有所不同 |
| 205 | depending on distance and existing levels of light pollution. | 视距离和现有轻度污染程度而定。 |
| 206 | In a dark area, one 54 meter satellite | 在黑暗地区,一颗54米的卫星 |
| 207 | would leave a concentrated glow that outshines the full moon from more than 30 km away, | 将留下一个集中的光芒,使满月从30多公里外闪过, |
| 208 | Bakos and colleagues calculate. | 巴科斯和同事计算。 |
| 209 | Even a person in an average suburb could see the beam from 20 km | 即使是普通郊区的人 也能从20公里外看到光束 |
| 210 | away, Bakos says. | 离开吧,巴科斯说。 |
| 211 | For astronomers, the beam would be disruptive from up to 100 km away. | 对于天文学家来说,光束会从100公里外产生干扰. |
| 212 | Barentine, who is based in Tucson, has seen renderings of the simulations. | 总部位于图森的巴伦廷看到了模拟的渲染. |
| 213 | The only word I can think of to describe what they look like is horrifying, he says. | 他说,我唯一能描述他们的样子的词是可怕的。 |
| 214 | If you are | 如果你是的话 |
| 215 | within a few kilometers of a beam, it looks like the mothership is landing. | 它看起来像母舰正在降落 |
| 216 | Meanwhile, the McDonald | 同时,麦当劳 |
| 217 | Observatory is preparing for Arendelle 1 by developing tools to track and avoid the satellite's | 观测台正在通过开发跟踪和避免卫星发射的工具为阿伦德尔1号做准备。 |
| 218 | path, Hummel says. | 路,汉梅尔说。 |
| 219 | Staff plan to pause telescope observing as needed. | 工作人员计划在必要时暂停望远镜观测。 |
| 220 | Seeing the beam through a | 透过一根横梁 |
| 221 | moderate-sized telescope could damage observers' eyes or harm research equipment, he and others | 中等尺寸望远镜可能损害观察者的眼睛或损害研究设备,他和其他人 |
| 222 | assert. | 坚持 |
| 223 | Reflect orbital counters that the risk of eye damage is extremely low and that even | 反射轨道计数器显示,眼损伤的风险极低,甚至 |
| 224 | intentionally tracking the satellite for 100 seconds through a 12-inch diameter telescope | 故意通过12英寸直径望远镜跟踪卫星100秒 |
| 225 | would stay within international eye safety limits. | 将保持在国际眼安全限度内。 |
| 226 | The company's planned fleet could change the | 公司计划的机队可以改变 |
| 227 | night sky dramatically, adding several hundred objects as bright as Venus by 2035, Munich-based | 夜空惊人,到2035年增加数百个和金星一样亮的物体,慕尼黑 |
| 228 | astronomer Olivier Anneau of the European Southern Observatory reported in August in Astronomy and | 欧洲南方天文台的天文学家奥利维尔·安妮乌于8月在天文学和天文学研究所作了报告。 |
| 229 | Astrophysics. | 天体物理学报. |
| 230 | Because of light scattering, the full fleet could make the night sky three or four | 由于光散射 整个舰队可以使夜空三四 |
| 231 | times as bright as it already is, anywhere within a few hundred kilometers of the beam, Anneau | 在距离梁面几百公里的任何地方 安妮欧 |
| 232 | concludes. | 结束 |
| 233 | That would make skies at even the darkest sites appear more like those in the | 那会让最黑暗地点的天空 更像那些 |
| 234 | suburbs. | 郊区。 |
| 235 | Reflect orbital disputes those findings as well as Bako's. | 反映轨道纠纷 这些发现以及巴科。 |
| 236 | It's not just astronomers who | 不只是天文学家 |
| 237 | are concerned. | 担心。 |
| 238 | Glints from rotating satellites could distract pilots or drivers. | 旋转卫星的胶片可以分散飞行员或驾驶员的注意力。 |
| 239 | Nighttime light | 夜间灯光 |
| 240 | can also disrupt circadian rhythms, the behavior of nocturnal animals, and migration patterns of | 也可以破坏循环的节奏, 夜行动物的行为, |
| 241 | birds and insects. | 鸟与虫. |
| 242 | 生物学家Brett Seymour说, | |
| 243 | the University of Texas at El Paso. | 德克萨斯大学埃尔帕索分校 |
| 244 | If it's a few days a year, is that going to have a big effect? | 如果一年要几天,那会有什么大影响吗? |
| 245 | Probably not. | 也许不是。 |
| 246 | But we don't know. | 但我们不知道。 |
| 247 | More troubling is the idea of permanently lighting up the night sky, | 更令人不安的是永远点亮夜空的想法, |
| 248 | which could alter critical ecosystem services, Seymour says. | Seymour说,这可能改变重要的生态系统服务。 |
| 249 | It's an existential crisis for me. | 对我来说是个生存危机 |
| 250 | Reflect Orbital says it will maintain strict exclusion zones for astronomy and sensitive | 反射轨道说它将保持严格的天文学禁区和敏感区 |
| 251 | environments, which the company is developing with the National Science Foundation. | 公司与国家科学基金会共同发展的环境。 |
| 252 | It plans | 计划 |
| 253 | to adjust the exclusion zones based on the satellite's actual brightness post-launch. | 根据卫星发射后的实际亮度调整禁区。 |
| 254 | We are committed to ongoing dialogue with scientists, astronomers, environmental researchers, | 我们承诺与科学家、天文学家、环境研究人员、 |
| 255 | Buscom告诉科学新闻, | |
| 256 | Previous efforts to block satellites have relied on arguments about orbital debris | 以往封锁卫星的努力依赖于关于轨道碎片的论点。 |
| 257 | and the environmental impact of light pollution. | 以及轻度污染对环境的影响。 |
| 258 | Dark Sky International, for instance, | 例如,黑暗天空国际 |
| 259 | 对FCC决定给予SpaceX第二代Starlink卫星许可证提出质疑 | |
| 260 | in 2023, arguing the agency should have required an environmental review. | 2023年,认为该机构应该要求进行环境审查. |
| 261 | Dark Sky lost. | 暗空失传. |
| 262 | Typically, | 通常情况下, |
| 263 | government-approved projects are subject to the National Environmental Policy Act, | 政府核准的项目须遵守《国家环境政策法》, |
| 264 | which requires environmental impact assessments. | 这需要环境影响评估。 |
| 265 | But since 1986, the FCC has said that most of its | 但自1986年以来,公平竞争委员会说,它的大部分 |
| 266 | activities are excluded from the act because space is outside of Earth's environment. | 由于空间处于地球环境之外,因此将活动排除在该法之外。 |
| 267 | The FCC's stance isn't likely to change. | FCC的立场不可能改变. |
| 268 | In 2025, President Trump directed federal agencies to | 2025年,特朗普总统指示联邦机构: |
| 269 | their environmental review processes to prioritize efficiency and certainty over any other objectives. | (c) 环境审查程序应优先考虑效率和确定性,而不是任何其他目标。 |
| 270 | Soon after, FCC Chairman Brendan Carr announced a plan to speed the satellite application process | 不久,FCC主席Brendan Carr宣布了一项加快卫星应用过程的计划. |
| 271 | by creating a licensing assembly line. | 通过创建许可证装配线。 |
| 272 | But if the FCC won't consider the environmental impact of | 但如果FCC不考虑 |
| 273 | satellite operations, critics ask, who will? | 批评者问,卫星操作将是谁? |
| 274 | It becomes this buck-passing thing, Barentine says. | 巴伦廷说,它变成了一个穿越大海的东西 |
| 275 | The FAA says we find nothing wrong with your launch, the FCC says we find nothing wrong | FAA说我们发现你的发射没有问题 FCC说我们发现没有问题 |
| 276 | with your radio communications, and there's nothing to check the environmental impacts. | 和你的无线电通信, 没有什么可以检查环境影响。 |
| 277 | The FCC did not respond on the record to requests for comment. | 公平竞争委员会没有正式答复征求意见的请求。 |
| 278 | Mirrors designed to send light to Earth might change the legal landscape, | 用来向地球传送光的镜子 可能会改变法律环境 |
| 279 | Barentine says. | 巴伦庭说. |
| 280 | If an individual gets hurt by looking at the mirror through a telescope, | 如果一个人通过望远镜看着镜子而受伤 |
| 281 | that individual could have the right to sue in court. | 个人可以有权向法院提起诉讼。 |
| 282 | That's not an ideal strategy for | 这不是一个理想的策略 |
| 283 | policymaking, he says, because we might actually have to wait for something to happen, for somebody | 他说,决策,因为我们可能 不得不等待事情的发生, 为某人 |
| 284 | to be injured. | 受伤。 |
| 285 | Scattered light also could count as a public nuisance depending on where it shines, | 散射光也可以算作公众的烦恼 取决于它在哪里发光, |
| 286 | Zartner says. | 扎特纳说. |
| 287 | If it spills over an international border, Reflect Orbital or even the United States | 如果溢出在国际边界、轨道或甚至美国上空 |
| 288 | could be liable for any harm done in another nation's territory. | 应对在另一国领土上造成的任何损害负责。 |
| 289 | Simply by being so visible, | 仅仅通过如此显眼, |
| 290 | Reflect Orbital's satellites could bring wider awareness of the concerns over space crowding. | 反射轨道卫星可以使人们更广泛地了解对空间拥挤的关切。 |
| 291 | Satellites up in the air are so intangible for most people, Zartner says. | Zartner说,空中的卫星对大多数人来说是无形的。 |
| 292 | For the law, | 对于法律, |
| 293 | you need something tangible, to get support, you need something that people can see and latch onto. | 你需要一些有形的东西, 获得支持, 你需要一些人们可以看到和锁定的东西。 |
| 294 | Zartner, Barentine and Venkatesan have outlined legal strategies to protect the darkness, | 扎特纳、巴伦廷和文卡泰桑 都提出了保护黑暗的法律策略 |
| 295 | drawing on individual rights, community rights and the rights of nature. | 利用个人权利、社区权利和自然权利。 |
| 296 | Though those efforts haven't succeeded to date, I don't believe that will be the case forever, | 虽然这些努力至今还没有成功,但我相信这种情况不会永远发生, |
| 297 | Venkatesan says. | 文殊师利说. |
| 298 | We have to keep trying. | 我们必须继续努力。 |
| 299 | What follows depends on how the public and | 接下来要取决于公众和 |
| 300 | policymakers respond. | 决策者对此作出回应。 |
| 301 | Could they be moved to action by sunbeams at night? | 晚上能被太阳束移动到行动吗? |
| 302 | Or are people already too | 或已经有人了 |
| 303 | acclimated to starless, satellite-filled skies? | 登上无星的卫星天空? |
| 304 | Spotting artificial objects in space has become | 在空间中观察人造物体已成为 |
| 305 | a pastime in its own right. | 消遣本身。 |
| 306 | What comes of this moment could determine what future generations | 这个时刻的到来 能够决定未来几代人 |
| 307 | experience when they look to the night sky. | 当他们仰望着夜空时体验 |
| 308 | In one possible future, there's a sense of awe for | 在一个可能的未来, 有一种敬畏感 |
| 309 | ancient celestial phenomena, their light traveling hundreds or thousands of light years. | 古代的天体,它们的光线 穿越了数百或数千光年 |
| 310 | In another, | 在另一个, |
| 311 | we may look up and applaud only the stuff we made and sent up ourselves. | 我们可能抬起头来只鼓掌 我们自己制作和发送的东西。 |
| 312 | That was, Big Space | 那是,大空间 |
| 313 | 镜像可以带来地球在需求之光和 Upend Our Night Sky, by Lisa Grossman,出版 | |
| 314 | 17 September 2026 by Science News. | 2026年9月17日 科学新闻网. |
| 315 | This audio article was produced using an AI voice. | 这篇录音文章是用AI的声音制作的. |
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