8-5 为何25个州就“强迫劳动”关税问题起诉特朗普政府 |
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC. | 欢迎来到英国广播公司的全球新闻播客。 |
| 0:02 | I'm Jonette Jalil. | 我是乔内特・贾利尔。 |
| 0:03 | And today we're joined by our North America correspondent, Anthony Thurka. | 今天我们有北美记者安东尼·图尔卡 |
| 0:08 | And Anthony, we're talking about President Trump's latest tariffs and the pushback against them. | 安东尼,我们说的是特朗普总统的最新关税 以及对他们的反弹 |
| 0:13 | Twenty five US states have filed a lawsuit to try to block them. | 美国25个州提出诉讼试图阻止它们. |
| 0:17 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 0:18 | Well, they are alleging that these new tariffs are arbitrary and capricious, that they were imposed without reason, | 他们声称这些新关税是任意和反复无常的,是毫无理由地强加的, |
| 0:26 | and that's a legal jargon for essentially accusing this administration of finding some way, any way to put new tariffs on foreign imports to replace the ones that they had instituted last year. | 这是一个法律术语 基本上指责政府 找到某种方法, 任何方式对外国进口品征收新的关税 以取代他们去年实行的关税。 |
| 0:39 | They got struck down by the Supreme Court and another round of tariffs that expired because there was a limit on them. | 他们被最高法院和另一轮到期的关税击落,因为有限度。 |
| 0:45 | So they are accusing this federal government of abusing, misinterpreting existing law in order to impose tariffs on 59 countries and the European Union. | 因此,他们指责联邦政府滥用、曲解现行法律,对59个国家和欧洲联盟征收关税。 |
展开字幕全文（93 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC. | 欢迎来到英国广播公司的全球新闻播客。 |
| 2 | I'm Jonette Jalil. | 我是乔内特・贾利尔。 |
| 3 | And today we're joined by our North America correspondent, Anthony Thurka. | 今天我们有北美记者安东尼·图尔卡 |
| 4 | And Anthony, we're talking about President Trump's latest tariffs and the pushback against them. | 安东尼,我们说的是特朗普总统的最新关税 以及对他们的反弹 |
| 5 | Twenty five US states have filed a lawsuit to try to block them. | 美国25个州提出诉讼试图阻止它们. |
| 6 | Why? | 为什么? |
| 7 | Well, they are alleging that these new tariffs are arbitrary and capricious, that they were imposed without reason, | 他们声称这些新关税是任意和反复无常的,是毫无理由地强加的, |
| 8 | and that's a legal jargon for essentially accusing this administration of finding some way, any way to put new tariffs on foreign imports to replace the ones that they had instituted last year. | 这是一个法律术语 基本上指责政府 找到某种方法, 任何方式对外国进口品征收新的关税 以取代他们去年实行的关税。 |
| 9 | They got struck down by the Supreme Court and another round of tariffs that expired because there was a limit on them. | 他们被最高法院和另一轮到期的关税击落,因为有限度。 |
| 10 | So they are accusing this federal government of abusing, misinterpreting existing law in order to impose tariffs on 59 countries and the European Union. | 因此,他们指责联邦政府滥用、曲解现行法律,对59个国家和欧洲联盟征收关税。 |
| 11 | They say there's no ground for that. | 众说无上正法. |
| 12 | They didn't do enough time to research it because the justification the administration is using is that all of these countries, including the UK and the European Union and China and Japan and South Korea, | 他们没有做足够的时间来研究,因为政府使用的理由是,所有这些国家,包括英国和欧洲联盟以及中国、日本和韩国, |
| 13 | they all didn't do enough to stop forced labor imports, imports that were derived from forced labor. | 他们都做得不够 来阻止强制劳工的进口 强制劳工的进口 |
| 14 | They said that there was weak justification for this. | 他们说,这样做的理由不足。 |
| 15 | Of course, the administration counters that they did all the proper fact finding. | 当然,行政当局反驳说,他们做了所有正确的事实调查。 |
| 16 | This is well within their authority and these tariffs are going to be here to stay. | 这完全属于他们的权限范围,这些关税将留在这儿。 |
| 17 | But the Trump administration's critics would say, how can you do fact finding for what, 60 or so countries in a matter of weeks? | 但特朗普政府的批评者会说,你怎么能在几周内找到60个左右的国家? |
| 18 | Yeah, that is going to be what this case is about. | 是的,这就是这个案子的目的 |
| 19 | It's not about whether the Trump administration has this authority. | 这不是川普政府是否拥有这一权力的问题. |
| 20 | They imposed similar tariffs on China under Section 301 of this 1974 Trade Act earlier in Donald Trump's term, and those were upheld by the court. | 他们根据唐纳德·特朗普任期早些时候的1974年"贸易法"第301条,对中国征收了类似的关税,法院维持了这些关税. |
| 21 | So there is grounds, unlike that first Supreme Court case, the first legal challenge, which was really pushing the boundaries. | 因此,有根据, 不同于第一个最高法院案件, 第一个法律质疑, 这才是真正推动边界。 |
| 22 | There is grounds for using this tariff action against countries that do rely on forced labor. | 有理由对依赖强迫劳动的国家采取这种关税行动。 |
| 23 | The question is going to be, is there enough evidence for all of these countries, 59 countries in the EU, | 问题是,是否有足够的证据 证明所有这些国家,59个欧盟国家, |
| 24 | and be able to find all of that evidence just in a matter of a couple of months? | 在几个月内就能找到所有的证据? |
| 25 | What the states are alleging is that there was no time for that. | 各州声称,没有时间这样做。 |
| 26 | And if you look at the tariffs, they match pretty closely what Trump had been trying to do under other laws. | 如果你看看关税, 他们非常接近 川普一直在试图做的 根据其他法律。 |
| 27 | So this is just an example of picking up everything they had before that the court struck down and finding a way around it and new justification. | 所以,这只是一个例子, 取出他们之前的一切 之前,法院打倒 并找到一个方法绕过它 和新的理由。 |
| 28 | And it's not just the states that are suing. | 不仅仅是州 起诉。 |
| 29 | There are also small businesses bringing cases against the Trump administration. | 也有小企业起诉特朗普政府. |
| 30 | Right. | 对 |
| 31 | And the small businesses, some of them are the same small businesses, importers of foreign goods that are sold here in the United States, | 而小企业,有些是相同的小企业, 进口外国商品 在美国销售, |
| 32 | are the same ones that brought the first lawsuit, the successful lawsuit against Trump. | 也正是他们提出第一起诉讼 成功起诉特朗普 |
| 33 | They could certainly draw a line to the direct impact. | 它们当然可以划出一条直接的影响线。 |
| 34 | They're the ones having to pay the tariffs. | 他们必须支付关税。 |
| 35 | They're the ones who are having to raise prices. | 他们是那些必须提高价格的人。 |
| 36 | They're the ones who probably see consumer demand for their products go down because of these tariffs. | 他们可能看到消费者对其产品的需求由于这些关税而下降。 |
| 37 | It's a slightly more complicated legal reasoning for states bringing these lawsuits. | 对于提出这些诉讼的各州来说,这是一个略为复杂的法律推理. |
| 38 | Although what the states will argue is that they also buy imported products. | 虽然各州会争辩的是,他们也购买进口产品. |
| 39 | They also have state agencies that rely on imported products. | 他们还设有依赖进口产品的国家机构。 |
| 40 | They also rely on income generated revenue, tax revenue coming from these companies within their territory that are paying the tariffs. | 他们还依赖创收收入,这些税收来自在其境内支付关税的公司。 |
| 41 | And if the businesses in their states aren't doing as well, then they don't get as much revenue. | 如果他们各州的企业做得不好,那么他们就得不到那么多的收入. |
| 42 | And that was an argument that the Supreme Court supported. | 这是最高法院支持的论点。 |
| 43 | It allowed them to proceed with their lawsuits the first time around. | 这使得他们得以第一次提起诉讼。 |
| 44 | So I guess it worked once. | 所以,我想它工作过一次。 |
| 45 | It'll work again for the states. | 会复为诸州所通. |
| 46 | But for people challenging these tariffs, they want to put forward more sympathetic characters, little companies, | 但是对于挑战这些关税的人来说, 他们想要提出更多的同情 人物,小公司, |
| 47 | little businesses, people struggling to make ends meet. | 小生意,人们挣扎着要赚钱 |
| 48 | And that's why you see these small businesses also being at the forefront of these lawsuits. | 这就是为什么你看到这些小企业也站在这些诉讼的前列。 |
| 49 | And critics of the Trump administration would say that it's ironic that it's talking about forced labor, | 而批评特朗普政府的人会说,它谈论强迫劳动是讽刺的, |
| 50 | because forced labor has long been an issue in the US itself. | 因为强迫劳动长期以来一直是美国本身的问题。 |
| 51 | Yeah, there are questions. | 是的,有问题。 |
| 52 | We've heard some countries accuse the United States of relying on prison labor because many of the major prisons in the United States do put their inmates to work. | 我们听到一些国家指责美国依靠监狱劳动,因为美国许多大监狱确实让囚犯工作. |
| 53 | Of course, the United States has close trading relations with China, although there have been tensions between the two countries. | 当然,美国与中国有着密切的贸易关系,尽管两国关系一直紧张. |
| 54 | The United States still imports a considerable amount of products from China. | 美国仍然从中国进口大量产品. |
| 55 | So you could easily see the same sorts of justifications that the United States is using to impose these tariffs on the 60 different trading partners to also apply to the United States itself. | 这样你就可以很容易地看到美国用来对60个不同的贸易伙伴征收这些关税的同样理由,以便也适用于美国本身。 |
| 56 | And that, I think, will also be a key part of the case that these tariffs are arbitrary and capricious. | 我认为,这也将成为这些关税是任意的和反复无常的。 |
| 57 | And how long will it take before there's a resolution to this lawsuit? | 要多久才能解决这个诉讼? |
| 58 | Well, we saw it take almost a year for the initial legal challenge to Donald Trump's first round of tariffs to make it all the way up to the Supreme Court and to be struck down by the Supreme Court. | 我们花了将近一年的时间 对唐纳德·特朗普的首轮关税 提出法律挑战 才能让最高法院驳回 |
| 59 | And in the meantime, those tariffs went into effect and they generated revenue, revenue that is now having to be returned to many of these businesses that paid the tariffs. | 在此期间,这些关税生效,它们创造了收入,这些收入现在必须退还给许多支付关税的企业。 |
| 60 | So I think we can't expect a quick resolution on this, particularly since this seems to be a little more of a gray area around this law. | 因此,我认为我们无法期望能够迅速解决这个问题,特别是因为这里似乎更像是围绕这项法律的灰色地带。 |
| 61 | There might be more need to find, get legal fact finding on whether the justification, whether it's justification to impose these tariffs. | 可能更需要找到, 获取法律上的事实发现 理由是否, 是否是实施这些关税的理由。 |
| 62 | So I wouldn't hold my breath for a quick resolution. | 所以我不会屏住呼吸 快速解决。 |
| 63 | I think we could see some lower courts start to weigh in, the trade courts start to weigh in in the next few months. | 我认为我们可以看到一些下级法院开始权衡,贸易法院在接下来的几个月里开始权衡. |
| 64 | But for it to reach a final resolution, and gosh, this probably will get back up to the Supreme Court again at some point, we may be looking at some time next year. | 但是为了达成最终的解决方案,天啊, 这可能会在某个时候再次回到最高法院, 我们也许在明年的某个时候。 |
| 65 | So, Anthony, taking a step back, what's the impact of these successive rounds of tariffs been on the US economy? | 那么,安东尼,退一步,这些连续几轮关税对美国经济有什么影响? |
| 66 | Well, I think if you look at economic studies, it has driven up prices for many products, | 嗯,我想如果你看看经济研究, 它已经驱动了很多产品的价格, |
| 67 | to inflation because tariffs, these tariffs, the past ones have been passed along to consumers by and large. | 因为关税,这些关税,过去那些关税,基本上已经传给消费者。 |
| 68 | There was a certain period of time when prices didn't go up as much as economists predicted. | 有一段时间,价格并没有像经济学家预测的那样上涨. |
| 69 | But eventually that did start filtering down because companies whose margins are narrow can't keep swallowing the tariffs. | 但最终却开始过滤,因为边际狭窄的公司无法继续吞下关税。 |
| 70 | They have to start finding ways to make profits on their imports. | 他们必须开始设法从进口中获利。 |
| 71 | So you've seen you've seen some impact in prices. | 所以,你看到了一些 影响价格。 |
| 72 | You've also seen some push the Trump administration would argue for major foreign manufacturers trying to find new ways to produce products here in the United States. | 你们也看到了一些推波助澜的特朗普政府会争论,要求主要的外国制造商试图寻找新的方法在美国这里生产产品. |
| 73 | Donald Trump will regularly tout new auto manufacturing plants that are opening up, new manufacturing plants that are being built. | 唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)将定期对正在开放的新汽车制造厂,正在建设的新制造厂进行倾斜. |
| 74 | Of course, the timeline for such things is longer than just months. | 当然,这种事情的时限比仅仅几个月长。 |
| 75 | It takes a long time to stand up new manufacturing facilities in this country. | 建立这个国家的新制造设施需要很长时间。 |
| 76 | And so while Donald Trump has promised a rebirth of American manufacturing, we haven't seen that in the numbers yet. | 所以,虽然唐纳德·特朗普已经承诺美国制造业的重生,但我们还没有在数字中看到这一点. |
| 77 | Well, given all this, what's the likely impact going to be in the midterm elections in November? | 考虑到这一切,11月的中期选举将会产生什么影响? |
| 78 | Well, according to public opinion polls, Americans don't like tariffs. | 根据民意调查 美国人不喜欢关税 |
| 79 | They view it as harmful to the economy. | 他们认为这是对经济有害的。 |
| 80 | They see a direct link between tariffs and inflation and the higher prices at the grocery store and at the shopping centers. | 他们看到关税与通货膨胀之间的直接联系,以及杂货店和购物中心的价格上涨。 |
| 81 | And so if anything, it will be a political weight on Donald Trump. | 因此,如果有什么,这将是唐纳德·特朗普的政治重心. |
| 82 | His promise is that there are long term benefits to these things. | 他的承诺是,这些东西有长期的好处。 |
| 83 | American voters don't typically see things that way. | 美国选民一般不会这样看待事情. |
| 84 | They look for the immediate implications. | 他们寻找眼前的影响。 |
| 85 | And so it is yet another piece of economic news that is providing a strong headwind for this president. | 因此,这是又一个经济新闻,为这位总统提供了强大的头风。 |
| 86 | When you throw in the higher energy prices because of the Iran War, higher agriculture prices because of the trade disputes that Trump has had with China, | 当你因为伊朗战争而抛出更高的能源价格,由于川普与中国的贸易纠纷而使农业价格上升, |
| 87 | just the general trend of prices going up across this country, this is just one more piece of that. | 整个国家总的价格上升趋势, 这仅仅是其中的一部份。 |
| 88 | So it certainly doesn't help in the short term. | 因此,短期内这当然没有帮助. |
| 89 | If you listen to Trump, he will say that the benefits are just around the corner, but that American voters don't vote about what's just around the corner. | 如果你听特朗普的话,他会说好处就在拐角处,但美国选民不会对拐角处的事投任何票. |
| 90 | They vote about conditions on the ground when they go to the ballot box. | 他们去投票箱时会投票讨论当地的情况。 |
| 91 | Thanks, Anthony. | 谢谢 安东尼 |
| 92 | That was Anthony Zirka, our North America correspondent. | 那是安东尼·齐尔卡 我们的北美记者 |
| 93 | And if you'd like to hear more from the Global News Podcast, please click on the global news podcast. | 请点击全球新闻播客。 |
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