《经济学人》：人工智能与中国工人
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:06 | AI and Chinese workers, the humanoid condition, China's drive to dominate AI poses a big | AI和中国工人,人文条件, 中国支配AI的动力 带来了一个巨大的 |
| 0:16 | risk to the world's largest workforce. | 给世界上最大的劳动力带来风险。 |
| 0:20 | Li Dajou paced back and forth on a set resembling a chief executive's office as he rehearsed | 李达珠在排练时 前后步履如故 |
| 0:28 | in Zhengzhou, a city in central China that has become a hub for microdramas. | 郑州,中国中部的一座城市,已成为微戏剧的中心. |
| 0:35 | The serialised minute-long shows have taken over phone screens across the country. | 连续播放的短片 已经覆盖了全国各地的电话屏幕。 |
| 0:42 | One in two people watch them. | 两人中一人看. |
| 0:44 | In 2025, microdramas grew into a 100 billion yuan, that's 15 billion dollar business, | 2025年,微剧成长为1000亿人民币,即150亿美元的业务, |
| 0:53 | having created some 700,000 jobs and perhaps 1.3 million indirect ones, | 创造了大约70万个就业机会,也许还有130万个间接就业机会, |
| 1:00 | a rare bright spot of dynamism in China's sputtering economy. | 这是中国经济蓬勃发展的罕见亮点. |
| 1:06 | The booming industry had given Mr Li, a 32-year-old former traffic cop, | 兴旺的行业给了李先生 一个32岁的前交通警察 |
展开字幕全文（255 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | AI and Chinese workers, the humanoid condition, China's drive to dominate AI poses a big | AI和中国工人,人文条件, 中国支配AI的动力 带来了一个巨大的 |
| 2 | risk to the world's largest workforce. | 给世界上最大的劳动力带来风险。 |
| 3 | Li Dajou paced back and forth on a set resembling a chief executive's office as he rehearsed | 李达珠在排练时 前后步履如故 |
| 4 | in Zhengzhou, a city in central China that has become a hub for microdramas. | 郑州,中国中部的一座城市,已成为微戏剧的中心. |
| 5 | The serialised minute-long shows have taken over phone screens across the country. | 连续播放的短片 已经覆盖了全国各地的电话屏幕。 |
| 6 | One in two people watch them. | 两人中一人看. |
| 7 | In 2025, microdramas grew into a 100 billion yuan, that's 15 billion dollar business, | 2025年,微剧成长为1000亿人民币,即150亿美元的业务, |
| 8 | having created some 700,000 jobs and perhaps 1.3 million indirect ones, | 创造了大约70万个就业机会,也许还有130万个间接就业机会, |
| 9 | a rare bright spot of dynamism in China's sputtering economy. | 这是中国经济蓬勃发展的罕见亮点. |
| 10 | The booming industry had given Mr Li, a 32-year-old former traffic cop, | 兴旺的行业给了李先生 一个32岁的前交通警察 |
| 11 | a chance to try something new. | 一个尝试新事物的机会。 |
| 12 | He had been busy studying 8 to 15 fantastical scripts each month. | 他每月忙于研究8到15个奇幻剧本。 |
| 13 | Then in February, ByteDance, a tech giant, launched Seedance 2.0, | 随后在2月,技术巨头ByteDance推出了"种子2.0", |
| 14 | an artificial intelligence model that can make impressively realistic videos. | 一个人工智能模型 可以制作令人印象深刻的现实视频。 |
| 15 | It quickly upended the business. | 它迅速提升了业务。 |
| 16 | Series now take days to produce instead of weeks and are up to 90% cheaper. | 目前系列生产需要几天时间,而不是几周时间,而且价格低到90%。 |
| 17 | The bill is mostly tokens instead of humans. | 法案主要是象征而不是人类. |
| 18 | Mr Li's daily salary fell by half and gigs dried up. | 李先生的日薪下降了一半,演出也干完了. |
| 19 | Many of his colleagues switched to selling insurance, setting up vendor stores, | 他的许多同事转而卖保险, 设立销售商店, |
| 20 | delivering takeaway food or picking up passengers. | 送外卖食品或接乘客。 |
| 21 | Advanced technology can improve people's quality of life, he says. | 他说,先进技术可以提高人们的生活质量。 |
| 22 | But for our industry, right now, it's doing more harm than good. | 但是对我们的产业来说,现在,它所做的伤害比好还多. |
| 23 | China has made an all-out push in AI, | 中方在AI中全力推开, |
| 24 | under the conviction that in its competition with America and the rest of the world, | 坚信在与美国和世界其他国家的竞争中 |
| 25 | dominance of the technology is an almost existential necessity. | 技术的主导地位几乎是一种存在的必要性。 |
| 26 | The Communist Party also sees a clear long-term need for AI | 共产党也认为显然长期需要AI |
| 27 | to mitigate eventual labour shortages in a fast-aging society. | 缓解快速老龄化社会中最终出现的劳动力短缺。 |
| 28 | To meet that future, China is aggressively pursuing AI integration, | 为了迎接这一未来,中国大力推行AI一体化, |
| 29 | especially in the form of embodied AI, | 特别是体现为大赦国际的形式, |
| 30 | bringing AI models into the physical world through robots and cars. | 通过机器人和汽车将AI模型带入物理世界. |
| 31 | China's leaders envision an era to come of human-machine collaboration. | 中国领导人设想一个人类机器合作的时代。 |
| 32 | But the Party is increasingly concerned about how AI will displace workers. | 但党越来越担心AI会如何驱赶工人. |
| 33 | Advances in AI threaten both office jobs and blue-collar ones | AI的进步既威胁到办公室工作,也威胁到蓝领工作 |
| 34 | that have been the fallback for millions who have been laid off or paid less in recent years. | 近些年来,数百万人被解雇或工资减少,而后退。 |
| 35 | In a system which lacks a strong safety net. | 在一个缺乏强大安全网的系统中. |
| 36 | And as demonstrated by the stunningly rapid disruption of micro-dramas, | 正如微型戏剧惊人的快速干扰所证明的那样, |
| 37 | AI has the power to erase jobs in a keystroke. | AI有权力去除键盘中的工作. |
| 38 | This transformation involves both job creation and job destruction. | 这种转变涉及创造就业和破坏工作。 |
| 39 | Yet the two effects are asymmetrical, | 然而这两种效果是不对称的, |
| 40 | with job displacement often preceding and surpassing job creation. | 往往在创造就业之前和之后就被转移工作。 |
| 41 | Cai Fang, a prominent economist at a top state think tank, | 蔡芳,顶级国家智库的著名经济学家 |
| 42 | writes in a new book on the labour impact of AI. | 在一本关于大赦国际对劳工的影响的新书中写作。 |
| 43 | The government's task is made harder by a bleak macroeconomic picture, | 政府的任务由于宏观经济的黯淡而变得更加艰巨, |
| 44 | potentially widening the gulf between China's have-bots and have-nots. | 有可能扩大中国富人和穷人之间的鸿沟。 |
| 45 | Some Chinese workers are already labouring alongside the technology that will replace them. | 一些中国工人已经在与替代他们的技术一起劳动。 |
| 46 | Consider Jia Fuen-Chi. | 考虑一下贾福en. |
| 47 | For decades he clutched the wheel as he drove coal and bulk cargo across China. | 几十年来,他一直在中国各地运输煤炭和散装货物。 |
| 48 | His back achy and his eyes sore after long stretches on the road. | 他的背痛和眼睛在路上长时间伸展后疼痛。 |
| 49 | Now the 44-year-old has to move only when merging onto highways | 现在,44岁的老人 只有在合并到高速公路上才能搬家 |
| 50 | or driving short stretches on urban roads. | 或驾驶短路 在城市道路。 |
| 51 | That is because his lorry is equipped with advanced driver assistance technology | 这是因为他的卡车配备了先进的司机辅助技术 |
| 52 | that can nearly drive by itself. | 这几乎可以自己驱动。 |
| 53 | China's rules still require a human in the driver's seat with his hands touching the wheel. | 中国规则仍要求人手摸着车轮坐在驾驶座上. |
| 54 | On a recent Monday morning he picked up your correspondent at a rest stop in Suzhou | 上周一早上 他在苏州的休息站接了你的记者 |
| 55 | before his last leg to Shanghai. | 在他最后一腿去上海之前 |
| 56 | For most of his career he sat beside another human driver to take turns at the wheel. | 在他的职业生涯的大部分时间里,他坐在另一个人类司机的旁边,轮流坐在车轮上. |
| 57 | Now he listens to martial arts novels and video calls his nine-year-old | 现在他听了武侠小说 和视频称他九岁 |
| 58 | who marvels at the self-driving lorry. | 他对自驾卡车感到惊讶。 |
| 59 | His job is more comfortable, if lonelier. | 他的工作更舒适,如果孤独。 |
| 60 | If the lorry masters getting on highways, then it is all set, he says. | 如果卡车主上高速,那么一切都好了,他说。 |
| 61 | But humans will still be needed, he argues, rattling off common problems. | 但他认为,人类仍需要解决共同的问题。 |
| 62 | Flat tyres, leaky air pipes, sudden engine death, navigating around road accidents. | 平轮胎,漏气气管,发动机突然死亡,绕行道路事故. |
| 63 | By the time lorries go driverless he thinks he will be retired. | 等卡车没车了 他以为他退休了 |
| 64 | Drivers often retire by 50 or 55 in China where they tend to go longer distances with less rest. | 在中国,驾驶员往往50或55人退休,他们往往走较长的路,休息时间较少。 |
| 65 | Mr Jia is one of 38 million lorry drivers who transport more than 70% of the country's freight. | 贾先生是三千八百万卡车司机之一,运送全国70%以上的货运. |
| 66 | They are aging and few young people want to replace them. | 他们已经老化,很少有年轻人想取代他们。 |
| 67 | Julian Ma, founder of Incepcio Technology, pitches his Driver Assistance Tech, | 英塞普西奥科技的创始人朱利安·马(Julian Ma) 投球他的驾驶员援助技术, |
| 68 | found in most of China's autonomous lorries, as the solution for preventing a labour shortage | 在中国大部分的自主卡车里 都发现是解决劳动力短缺的办法 |
| 69 | from derailing the logistics sector while reducing accidents and saving fuel. | 在减少事故和节省燃料的同时使物流部门脱轨。 |
| 70 | Some American states already permit autonomous lorries to run without human drivers | 有些美国州已经允许自主的卡车在无人驾驶的情况下运行 |
| 71 | but fewer clock miles there. | 但这里的时钟里程不多了 |
| 72 | It is in China where the rubber hits the road. | 这是在中国,橡胶在路上。 |
| 73 | Incepcio has installed 7,000 systems and expects more than 10,000 by this year's end. | Incepcio已经安装了7000个系统,预计到今年底将超过10,000个. |
| 74 | One big logistics firm says 1,000 of its 8,000 lorries are equipped with Incepcio's technology | 一家大型物流公司说8000辆卡车中有1000辆 配备了Incepcio的技术 |
| 75 | and all its future lorry purchases would be. | 未来所有的货车都会买到 |
| 76 | The tech allows for 30% fewer drivers and saves 3-4% in transport costs, | 该技术允许减少30%的司机,并节省3-4%的运输成本, |
| 77 | an executive tells The Economist. | 一位执行官告诉《经济学家》 |
| 78 | That is even before regulators allow lorries to operate without humans. | 甚至在监管者允许卡车在没有人类的情况下运作之前。 |
| 79 | In July, JD.com, one of China's biggest e-commerce groups, | 7月,作为中国最大的电子商务集团之一的JD.com, |
| 80 | launched a 31km long fully autonomous lorry delivery route on the outskirts of Beijing. | 北京市郊开通31公里长全自主货车送货通道. |
| 81 | The pilot permits the lorry to drive itself without human hands on the wheel, | 驾驶员允许货车自己开动 而不用人手在车轮上 |
| 82 | so long as a safety driver sits on board. | 只要安全驾驶员坐在船上 |
| 83 | 这是JD董事长Leo Chang Dong的最新举动 | |
| 84 | to automate his vast delivery empire. | 将他庞大的送货帝国自动化 |
| 85 | In October, he vowed to buy 3 million robots, 1 million unmanned vehicles | 10月,他发誓要买300万机器人,100万无人驾驶车辆 |
| 86 | and 100,000 drones over the next five years. | 以及未来五年的10万无人机 |
| 87 | Sooner or later there simply won't be a need for delivery couriers, | 早晚都不需要送货的 |
| 88 | he said at an event in June, but we don't want to see our 700,000 brothers go hungry. | 他在六月的一次活动中说, 但我们不想看到我们的70万兄弟挨饿。 |
| 89 | American bosses are wont to predict an AI jobs apocalypse, | 美国老板会预测人工智能的出现 |
| 90 | but their Chinese counterparts usually avoid the subject for fear of angering the government. | 但他们的中国同行通常会因为害怕惹怒政府而避避这个话题. |
| 91 | Mr. Leo took pains to note that he intends to keep his brothers | Leo先生很痛苦地注意到他打算留住他的兄弟们 |
| 92 | employed by training them in robot maintenance, he has partnerships with 124 schools. | 他和124所学校建立了合作关系。 |
| 93 | We'll turn blue collar workers into white collar ones, | 我们把蓝领工人变成白领工人 |
| 94 | letting them sit in an office instead of braving the wind and rain. | 让他们坐在办公室里 而不是吹风吹雨 |
| 95 | But even the retail juggernaut will not need that many technicians. | 但即使是零售商 Juggernaut 也不需要那么多技术人员。 |
| 96 | It is easy to imagine the jobs AI destroys, but harder to imagine the ones it creates. | 很容易想象AI破坏的工作,但更难想象它创造的工作。 |
| 97 | Shan Jiangguang, JD's chief economist, points to China's $2 trillion e-commerce industry | JD首席经济学家山江光指出中国2万亿电子商务产业 |
| 98 | as an example of how technological advances can give rise to new sectors | 作为技术进步如何产生新部门的例子 |
| 99 | and previously unimaginable roles. | 以及以前无法想象的角色 |
| 100 | JD's workforce, 180,000 strong when he joined eight years ago, | JD的劳动力,18万强 当他加入八年前, |
| 101 | has quintupled to 930,000, Mr. Shan says. | 山先生说,已经增加到93万 |
| 102 | That growth has come while more of their 3,600 warehouses became highly automated | 3 600多家仓库高度自动化 |
| 103 | and while their operations increasingly integrated AI, from AI live streamers, | 并且他们的业务日益融合AI, 从AI的现场流媒体, |
| 104 | which hawk products, replacing humans who did the same, to last mile delivery bots. | 那些鹰产品,替代那些同样做的人类, 以最后一英里的快递。 |
| 105 | As JD ventures further into services, which already include car repair and home cleaning, | 随着JD进一步投入服务,包括汽车修理和家庭清洁, |
| 106 | couriers will be able to train for such workers, elderly and medical care, Mr. Shan says. | 山先生说,信使将能够培训这些工人、老年人和医疗。 |
| 107 | His optimistic vision dovetails with the government's goal of improving workers' skills | 他乐观的愿景与政府提高工人技能的目标相吻合。 |
| 108 | and expanding services, crucial for boosting both employment and domestic demand. | 扩大服务,对促进就业和国内需求都至关重要。 |
| 109 | With a rapidly ageing and shrinking workforce, | 随着劳动力迅速老龄化和萎缩, |
| 110 | China is betting on AI adoption and robots to maintain industrial strength. | 中国打赌人工智能收养和机器人维持工业实力. |
| 111 | But getting the timing right will be hard. | 但是把时机安排好会很难 |
| 112 | Robots are an obvious long-term solution. | 机器人是一个明显的长期解决方案. |
| 113 | By 2050, China's working age population will have shrunk by 25%. | 到2050年,中国劳动适龄人口将缩减25%. |
| 114 | By 2100, its population of 1.4 billion will have fallen by more than half, the UN reckons. | 联合国估计,到2100年,其14亿人口将减少一半以上。 |
| 115 | In the short run though, rolling out robots may cause a lot of pain. | 不过短期内,推出机器人可能会造成很多痛苦. |
| 116 | In Shenzhen, a southern metropolis, both techno-optimism and resignation are palpable. | 在深圳,一个南方的大都会,无论是技术乐观还是辞职都是显而易见的. |
| 117 | Makers and suppliers of humanoid robots there have ambitions to become a robot valley. | 人造机器人的制造者和供应商 都有成为机器人谷的野心 |
| 118 | Technicians test robotic lawnmowers. | 技术员测试机器人草坪。 |
| 119 | Human cleaners catch the spots missed by autonomous floor sweepers. | 人类清洁工捕捉到自动扫地机错过的斑点. |
| 120 | A worker named Lei, sitting atop a sweeper, | 有个叫雷的工人坐在扫荡机上 |
| 121 | says his robo-colleagues may be thwarted now by leaves and stones, | 说他的同僚们 可能会被树叶和石头所挫败 |
| 122 | but inevitably they will replace humans. | 但是他们不可避免地会取代人类 |
| 123 | Just look, he says, at the robo-taxes already operating in Shenzhen and other cities across China. | 他说,只要看看已经在深圳和中国其他城市营业的轮船税。 |
| 124 | But he, like many Chinese blue-collar workers, is more pragmatic than fearful. | 但是,他和许多中国蓝领工人一样,更加务实,而不是害怕. |
| 125 | With technology, you can't say things will stay the same forever, | 有了技术,你不能说事情会永远不变 |
| 126 | says Lingying Huo, a 45-year-old courier who is used to seeing unmanned delivery | 一个45岁的送货人 经常看到无人送货 |
| 127 | vehicles and drones around town. | 汽车和无人机在城镇周围。 |
| 128 | Replacement is normal. | 替换是正常的。 |
| 129 | Are robots ready to replace humans? | 机器人准备好替换人类了吗? |
| 130 | In 2024, China installed almost 300,000 industrial robots, | 2024年,中国安装了近30万个工业机器人, |
| 131 | more than half the world's total that year. | 当年占世界总数的一半以上。 |
| 132 | And increased its stock to two million, double what it was in 2021. | 并将其库存增加到200万,是2021年的两倍. |
| 133 | Traditional robots have already replaced factory workers, | 传统机器人已经取代了工厂工人 |
| 134 | but they struggle with more complex tasks, for instance carving out bad | 但是他们要面对更复杂的任务 比如刻出坏的 |
| 135 | bits from potatoes on a conveyor belt when the tubers vary in shape. | 当块茎形状各异时,来自运输带上的土豆的位点。 |
| 136 | Humanoid robots, or simply humanoids, can learn to feel different textures, | 人造机器人,或者简单的人造机器人,可以学会感受不同的纹理, |
| 137 | sizes and pressures and determine the right amount of force to hold something | 大小和压力,确定持有某物的适当武力量 |
| 138 | without breaking or dropping it. | 没有打破或放弃它。 |
| 139 | For all the hype around humanoids, few yet work on actual factory floors. | 人类身上的杂音 很少有人在工厂地板上工作 |
| 140 | Leaders want to achieve scale soon. | 领导人希望尽快实现规模。 |
| 141 | In June, they asked local governments and state-owned enterprises | 六月,他们问地方政府和国有企业 |
| 142 | for their plans to make 10,000 humanoids do real work by the year's end. | 他们计划到年底使一万块人造物真正发挥作用。 |
| 143 | Morgan Stanley, a bank, reckons that China's humanoid sales will reach | 摩尔根 斯坦利,一家银行, 估计中国人造产品销售量会达到 |
| 144 | 50,000 units and $2 billion this year and will increase to $446,015 billion in 2030. | 今年5万套,20亿元,2030年将增加到4460.15亿元. |
| 145 | Humanoids are becoming more promising employees. | 人造人越来越有前途。 |
| 146 | Zhao Jichao of UBTech, a maker of humanoids, | UBTech的赵智超 人造人 |
| 147 | predicts a market breakthrough next year, with more industrial customers | 预测明年的市场突破 更多的工业客户 |
| 148 | moving from small orders to hundreds each. | 从小命令到数百个 |
| 149 | They want a return on their investment within two years, | 他们想要两年内的投资回报 |
| 150 | which he says is doable with humanoids priced under 300,000 yuan, that's $44,000. | 他说人造物的价格在30万元人民币以下 也就是4万4千元 |
| 151 | As production scales, robots are going to become only more cost-effective | 随着生产规模的扩大,机器人将变得更具成本效益 |
| 152 | compared with humans, he says. | 他说,与人类相比, |
| 153 | Jeremy Li of Paxini, 一个人造人, 计算汽车工业巨头如BYD | |
| 154 | and SAIC as investors and customers, | 作为投资者和客户, |
| 155 | says bosses see humanoids as more efficient and less likely to slack off. | 老板认为人造物更有效率 更不可能松懈 |
| 156 | Humans, though, will still be needed to train humanoids. | 然而,仍然需要人类来训练人体。 |
| 157 | When you order a robot cleaner in China, it arrives with two humans. | 当在中国订购机器人清洁器时,它会和两个人类一起到达. |
| 158 | A robot trainer and a competent cleaner. | 一个机器人教练和一个称职的清洁工. |
| 159 | At Paxini's sprawling factory in Tianjin, 500 sensor-wearing humans perform tasks needed | 在天津的Paxini铺设工厂, 五百个装有感应器的人类完成需要的任务 |
| 160 | in car plants, hospitals and supermarkets, creating training data for humanoids. | 在汽车厂、医院和超市,为人造人创造培训数据。 |
| 161 | Though fewer workers are needed to monitor delivery drones and robo-taxes | 虽然监测无人机和轮机的运送需要较少的工人 |
| 162 | as they progress, Mr Li says there is so little real world data | 李先生说,随着他们的进展, 真实世界的数据很少 |
| 163 | that trainers will be needed for the next decade or two. | 未来十两年需要培训人员。 |
| 164 | Even as firms say humanoids will liberate humans from dangerous and repetitive work, | 即使公司说人造物会让人类 摆脱危险和重复的工作, |
| 165 | the human jobs they are creating are not fun. | 他们创造的人类工作不好玩 |
| 166 | Daoxin Yue, a 25-year-old university graduate in Shenzhen, | 大oxin 岳,深圳25岁大学毕业生,,. |
| 167 | has been applying for jobs since November. | 从11月起就一直在申请工作。 |
| 168 | A former barista, she applied for one job filling coffee machines for gimmicky robo baristas. | 她曾经是一名女律师,她申请了一份工作,为Gimmiky robo baristas装咖啡机。 |
| 169 | During an interview for a robot training job, she found folding clothes for 30 minutes so boring | 在接受机器人训练时 她发现折叠的衣服长达30分钟 |
| 170 | that she could not imagine doing it day after day. | 她无法想象日复一日地这样做 |
| 171 | She relies on support from her parents, bitter melon farmers, | 她依靠父母的支持 苦瓜农 |
| 172 | to pay rent while she keeps looking for work. | 在她不断找工作的时候付房租 |
| 173 | At streetlights, she watches robo-taxes turn corners, hoping they will make a mistake | 在街灯下,她看着轮船税转弯 希望他们能犯错 |
| 174 | and prove that they cannot replace another driver. | 并证明他们不能替代另一个司机。 |
| 175 | But they drive well. | 但他们开得很好 |
| 176 | As in other countries, young workers are expected to be among the hardest hit by AI. | 与其他国家一样,年轻工人预计将是大赦国际打击最重者之一。 |
| 177 | In China, their prospects are especially grim. | 在中国,它们的前景尤其严峻。 |
| 178 | Five years into a property crisis, the economy is still grappling with lower wage growth | 五年后发生财产危机,经济仍然面临较低的工资增长。 |
| 179 | and stubbornly high youth unemployment. | 青年失业率居高不下。 |
| 180 | In this year's second quarter, China missed its target for economic growth. | 今年第二季度,中国错过了经济增长的目标。 |
| 181 | In July, for the first time in decades, it did not set an urban job creation target | 在7月,它几十年来第一次没有设定城市创造就业的目标 |
| 182 | in its five-year plan. | 在其五年计划中。 |
| 183 | There is significant pressure on employment and household income growth | 就业和家庭收入增长受到很大压力 |
| 184 | and shortcomings in livelihood support, the Human Resources Ministry said, | 人力资源部指出, |
| 185 | citing AI as one challenge. | 将大赦国际列为一项挑战。 |
| 186 | For years, the Communist Party planned for an economy | 多年来,共产党计划经济 |
| 187 | oriented towards tech advancement and adoption. | 面向技术进步和收养。 |
| 188 | As its companies push to the frontier, it now worries about AI disrupting social stability. | 随着其公司推向边境,它现在担心AI会破坏社会稳定. |
| 189 | One major challenge is calibrating the degree of intervention. | 一个重大挑战是调整干预的程度。 |
| 190 | The government is very cautious because it wants to assuage anxious workers | 政府很谨慎 因为它想安抚焦虑的工人 |
| 191 | but not stifle innovation, says one policy adviser in Beijing. | 但不会扼杀创新, |
| 192 | The party can look to its huge public sector where job security is sacrosanct for ballast. | 该党可以指望其庞大的公共部门,那里的工作保障是神圣的压舱物。 |
| 193 | But private firms, too, face pressure to protect workers. | 但私人企业也面临着保护工人的压力. |
| 194 | US companies are very directly rewarded in their stock price for laying a bunch of people off | 美国公司在股票价格上 被直接奖励 |
| 195 | and saying that they did it because of AI. | 并说他们这样做是因为AI。 |
| 196 | But Chinese firms have the opposite incentives, | 但中国公司有相反的动机 |
| 197 | says Matt Sheehan of the Carnegie Endowment, a think tank. | 卡内基基金会的马特·谢汉 一个智囊团 |
| 198 | Dan Wang of Eurasia Group, a consultancy, recently met local officials who have pressed firms | 欧亚集团的Dan Wang,一名顾问,最近会见了一些地方官员,他们向公司施压 |
| 199 | to add new jobs to offset layoffs caused by automation. | 增加新的职位,以抵消自动化造成的裁员。 |
| 200 | Workers Daily, the mouthpiece of China's official trade union, | 工人日报 中国官方工会的口号 |
| 201 | criticised practices such as digitally cloning staff. | 批评数字克隆工作人员等做法。 |
| 202 | Chinese judges, who operate under party leadership, | 中国法官,在党的领导下运作, |
| 203 | have so far sided with workers in AI-related firings. | 迄今为止,在与AI有关的解雇中与工人站在一起。 |
| 204 | In Hangzhou, a leading industry hub for AI, a judge deemed it illegal for a fintech firm | 在杭州,AI的主要产业中心, 一位法官认为对一家金融科技公司来说是非法的 |
| 205 | to fire a tech worker, surname Zhou, on the basis of AI being able to perform his duties. | 在AI能够履行职责的基础上,解雇技术工作者周姓. |
| 206 | The 35-year-old was sacked after refusing to accept a demotion and pay cut. | 35岁者在拒绝接受降级和减薪后被解雇. |
| 207 | His case and others across China have been held up by the government as warnings to not use AI | 他和中国其他人的案件 被政府扣为警告不要使用AI |
| 208 | as an excuse for layoffs. | 作为解雇的借口。 |
| 209 | Chinese firms must first try to retrain and reassign workers before firing them for incompetence. | 中国企业必须首先尝试重新训练和重新指派工人,然后才以无能为由解雇他们. |
| 210 | The government also wants to educate and train people to realise its AI ambitions. | 政府也希望教育和培训人们实现AI的野心. |
| 211 | While young people struggle to find jobs, the country anticipates needing many millions more | 青年在努力寻找工作,但国家预计还需要数百万人。 |
| 212 | workers in skilled manufacturing and AI research, even with China already having more AI researchers | 技术制造和人工智能研究的工人,即使中国已有更多的人工智能研究人员 |
| 213 | than America, Britain and the EU combined. | 比美国,英国和欧盟加起来。 |
| 214 | Primary and secondary schools are incorporating AI lessons into their curricula. | 中小学正在将AI课程纳入其课程。 |
| 215 | Universities are funnelling students into thousands of new degree programmes | 大学让学生们学习数千个新学位课程 |
| 216 | in such fields as embodied intelligence and agricultural robotics, | 在包含智能和农业机器人等领域, |
| 217 | after cutting thousands of obsolete degrees, mostly in the arts and humanities. | 剪裁了几千个过时的学位之后, 大多在艺术和人文领域。 |
| 218 | The state is also subsidising retraining as well as promoting vocational education | 国家也在补贴再培训和促进职业教育。 |
| 219 | in areas like the low-altitude economy, including, say, flying taxes. | 在低空经济等地区, 包括,比如,飞行税。 |
| 220 | Many of those who fall through the cracks will find a threadbare safety net, | 很多掉进裂缝的人会找到一个安全网 |
| 221 | including meagre social security and minimal health insurance. | 包括微薄的社会保障和最低限度的健康保险。 |
| 222 | Zheng Gongcheng, head of the China Association of Social Security, warned the legislature | 中国社保协会会长郑贡诚警告立法机关 |
| 223 | last year that the more that AI and robots replace workers, the fewer wage earners there | 去年人工智能和机器人取代工人越多 那里的工薪阶层就越少 |
| 224 | will be left to pay into the welfare system to support those out of work. | 将留给福利系统,以支持失业人员。 |
| 225 | He suggested a new tax on robot-enabled productivity gains. | 他建议对机器人带动的生产力增益征收新税. |
| 226 | Luo Jiheng of Yuekai Securities, who has briefed Chinese leaders, floated taxing | 尤凯证券的罗继亨 曾向中国领导人汇报过 曾漂浮税 |
| 227 | the excess profits of AI firms. | AI公司的超额利润。 |
| 228 | Some economists and former officials want new subsidies like AI unemployment | 一些经济学家和前任官员想要像AI失业这样的新补贴. |
| 229 | insurance and cash handouts. | 保险和现金支付。 |
| 230 | The more disruptive a technological revolution or industrial transformation, | 技术革命或工业转型的破坏力越大 |
| 231 | the greater the intensity of creative destruction and the more inadequate | 创造性破坏的强度越大,破坏能力就越不足 |
| 232 | market mechanisms are in protecting workers' rights. | 市场机制是保护工人的权利。 |
| 233 | Mr Tsai, who previously held a vice-minister-level role, wrote in a June front page | 曾担任副部级职务的蔡先生在6月的首页上写道: |
| 234 | editorial in the Central Party School's paper. | 中央党校论文社论. |
| 235 | The constituency that might agitate for more goodies from the state is getting larger. | 可能激起州内更多善事的选区正在扩大。 |
| 236 | The number of flexible workers that make up China's vast gig economy – its food | 构成中国庞大的载货经济的灵活工人数量 — — 食品 |
| 237 | delivery and rideshare drivers, live streamers, factory day labourers and the like – will swell | 送货和骑车的司机、活人、工厂日工等, |
| 238 | to 320 million this year, up from 280 million in 2025 and double its size in 2019, estimates the | 从2025年的2.8亿增加到今年的3.2亿和2019年的两倍。 |
| 239 | China New Employment Forms Research Centre, a think tank. | 中国新就业表格研究中心,智库. |
| 240 | Firms and policymakers have taken modest steps to include more of them in the social | 企业和决策者采取了微薄的步骤,将更多的企业纳入社会 |
| 241 | security system, lest their precarity transform into unrest. | 安全系统,以免其不稳定性转变为动乱。 |
| 242 | AI could increase the pressure to do more. | 大赦国际可能增加做更多工作的压力。 |
| 243 | Still, no ambitious scheme seems likely any time soon. | 然而,似乎没有任何雄心勃勃的计划可以很快实现。 |
| 244 | The government guards its pennies when contemplating subsidies, and China's president | 在考虑补贴时政府会保护自己的钱 中国的总统 |
| 245 | has professed an aversion to welfareism. | 已经表示厌恶福利主义。 |
| 246 | As more robo-taxes take to the streets, rideshare drivers will have to scrape by. | 随着更多的杂货税上街, 骑车司机将不得不刮去。 |
| 247 | So will Mr Li, the actor, while his bosses flourish. | 演员李先生也会这样,而他的上司们也会兴旺起来. |
| 248 | In an office tower in Zhengzhou, Zheng Lei runs Mengcheng Media, a studio. | 郑州某办公塔内,郑雷经营孟中传媒,工作室. |
| 249 | AI-crafted micro-dramas, creativity beyond imagination, reads one slogan. | AI制作的微型戏剧,超出想象的创造力,解读了一个口号. |
| 250 | Mr Zheng used to have 10 crews shooting every day. | 郑先生以前每天有十名船员开枪 |
| 251 | Now, row after row of humans, called chokashou, literally card-drawers, an AI-era term that calls | 现在,排成一排的人类, 叫做Chokashou, 字面上的纸牌刷卡者, 一个AI时代的名词, |
| 252 | to mind randomly drawing cards and hoping for a good one, write prompts specifying, for instance, | 写出提示,例如, |
| 253 | a close-up of a character's furrowed brows, his expression full of gratitude and expectation. | 特写一个角色的毛发眉毛 充满感激和期待 |
| 254 | Software spits out seconds-long scenes that a chokashou tweaks and sequences. | 软件吐出几秒钟的场景 一个chokashou调和序列。 |
| 255 | There is not a cameraman, lighting crew, or actor in sight. | 没有摄影师、照明人员或演员在场。 |
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