《经济学人》从“努力即有回报”到“怀旧性剥夺”：生活水平危机
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剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 《经济学人》从“努力即有回报”到“怀旧性剥夺”：生活水平危机 | 8:01 |
P1 · 《经济学人》从“努力即有回报”到“怀旧性剥夺”：生活水平危机的真相 [B2] p01 原声 (P1)
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字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:02 | Finance and Economics | 财政和经济 |
| 0:06 | Economic growth | 经济增长 |
| 0:08 | Standard of living crisis | 生活水平危机 |
| 0:11 | What happens when GDP per person no longer grows like it used to? | 当人均GDP不再像过去那样增长时会怎样呢? |
| 0:17 | An unfortunate club of countries is gaining new members. | 一个不幸的国家俱乐部正在获得新成员。 |
| 0:20 | China, the world's second biggest economic power, and Russia, the most belligerent one, have joined. | 世界上第二大经济强国中国,最敌对的俄罗斯也加入. |
| 0:26 | So have Germany, a far richer big economy, | 德国也是,一个更富裕的大经济体, |
| 0:29 | and Brazil, which may soon export more farm products than America. | 巴西和巴西可能很快会比美国出口更多的农产品。 |
| 0:34 | Some 3.3 billion people, or more than 2 in 5 humans, | 大约33亿人口, 5个人类中超过2个 |
| 0:39 | now live in places where GDP per person grew half as fast or less in the decade to 2024 than in the previous 10 years. | 现在,在2024年的十年中,人均国内生产总值增长快于或低于前10年。 |
展开字幕全文（84 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Finance and Economics | 财政和经济 |
| 2 | Economic growth | 经济增长 |
| 3 | Standard of living crisis | 生活水平危机 |
| 4 | What happens when GDP per person no longer grows like it used to? | 当人均GDP不再像过去那样增长时会怎样呢? |
| 5 | An unfortunate club of countries is gaining new members. | 一个不幸的国家俱乐部正在获得新成员。 |
| 6 | China, the world's second biggest economic power, and Russia, the most belligerent one, have joined. | 世界上第二大经济强国中国,最敌对的俄罗斯也加入. |
| 7 | So have Germany, a far richer big economy, | 德国也是,一个更富裕的大经济体, |
| 8 | and Brazil, which may soon export more farm products than America. | 巴西和巴西可能很快会比美国出口更多的农产品。 |
| 9 | Some 3.3 billion people, or more than 2 in 5 humans, | 大约33亿人口, 5个人类中超过2个 |
| 10 | now live in places where GDP per person grew half as fast or less in the decade to 2024 than in the previous 10 years. | 现在,在2024年的十年中,人均国内生产总值增长快于或低于前10年。 |
| 11 | In 2014, the figure was 1.1 billion, or fewer than 1 in 6 people. | 2014年,这一数字为11亿,即每6人中不到1人。 |
| 12 | Over 730 million are experiencing outright decline in economists' favourite gauge of living standards. | 超过7.3亿的经济学家最喜爱的生活水平标准正在急剧下降。 |
| 13 | Some places continue to grow richer. | 有些地方继续变得更加富裕。 |
| 14 | The average resident of these lucky locales saw their real income grow by 38% between 2014 and 2024. | 2014年至2024年间,这些幸运的当地居民的平均实际收入增长了38%。 |
| 15 | Nearly half of that was thanks to the improving lot of 1.5 billion Indians, | 其中近一半是由于15亿印第安人的改善, |
| 16 | whose economy is catching up with well-off places as birth rates fall. | 其经济随着出生率的下降而赶上富裕地区。 |
| 17 | America, which continues to outperform the rest of the rich world, has pushed up the average for high-income countries. | 美国的表现继续超过富裕世界的其他国家,使高收入国家的平均水平上升。 |
| 18 | But the number of countries and territories in the low-or-no growth club has risen from 68 in 2014 to 80 in 2024. | 但低或无增长俱乐部的国家和地区数量从2014年的68个增加到2024年的80个. |
| 19 | They range from rich Canada to the dirt-poor Democratic Republic of Congo. | 它们从富有的加拿大到贫瘠的刚果民主共和国。 |
| 20 | Their problems, from demography to economic mismanagement, all face some of the same risks. | 他们的问题,从人口学到经济管理不善,都面临着同样的风险。 |
| 21 | A stagnating standard of living, let alone a declining one, undermines the assumption, | 生活水平停滞不前,更不要说下降,破坏了这一假设, |
| 22 | which has for decades dictated how people approach work and politics, that they will be better off than their parents. | 几十年来,这决定了人们如何对待工作和政治,使他们比父母好。 |
| 23 | In countries where young adults who have grown up in the slowdown era are coming of age, | 在那些在减速时代长大的年轻成年人即将成年的国家, |
| 24 | it is already remaking society and rewriting the social contract. | 它已经在重新塑造社会并改写社会契约。 |
| 25 | In the rich world, the slowdown is often due to a combination of low productivity growth and high immigration. | 在富裕世界,减速往往是生产力增长低和移民人数多的综合结果。 |
| 26 | New arrivals may in time revitalise the economy, but any short-term boost to GDP is small. | 新来港定居人士可能及时振兴经济,但短期内对国内生产总值的任何刺激都很小。 |
| 27 | And because unproductive firms are less profitable, they pay less tax. | 而且由于非生产性企业利润较低,因此缴纳的税收也较少. |
| 28 | Where productivity growth is weak and migrants are welcome, thinner budgets are spread more thinly across more people. | 在生产力增长薄弱和移徙者受到欢迎的地方,较薄的预算在更多的人中间分配得更薄。 |
| 29 | The result is that individuals feel hard done by. | 其结果是,个人感到很难做到。 |
| 30 | German productivity barely budged in 2014 to 2024, while the country accepted migrants from places like Syria. | 德国生产力在2014年至2024年几乎没有萌芽,而该国接受来自叙利亚等地的移民. |
| 31 | The average German's real income rose by 0.6% a year. | 德国人的平均实际收入每年增长0.6%. |
| 32 | In the previous decade, the figure was 1.5%, the global financial crisis of 2007 to 2009, | 在过去十年中,这一数字为1.5%,即2007年至2009年的全球金融危机。 |
| 33 | and the near implosion of the Eurozone in the next few years notwithstanding. | 尽管欧元区在接下来的几年里几乎崩溃了 |
| 34 | In Canada, where population is outpacing GDP, unemployment rose by nearly a percentage point in 2024, | 加拿大的人口超过了国内生产总值,2024年失业率上升了近一个百分点。 |
| 35 | mostly because new arrivals were expanding the labour force. | 主要因为新来港定居的人正在扩大劳动力。 |
| 36 | Many resource-rich developing countries, meanwhile, have yet to recover from the end in 2014 of a spectacular commodities boom. | 与此同时,许多资源丰富的发展中国家尚未从2014年底的惊人商品繁荣中恢复过来。 |
| 37 | Income gains in export-led success stories such as Uruguay and Chile have since nearly ground to a halt. | 乌拉圭和智利等出口带动的成功事例的收入收益自此几乎停止。 |
| 38 | The average Latin American is barely richer than a decade ago. | 拉丁美洲平均比十年前更富有。 |
| 39 | South of the Sahel, people are 3.4% poorer. | 在萨赫勒以南,人民贫穷率为3.4%。 |
| 40 | GDP per person in Angola, which exports lots of oil and diamonds, has shrunk by a quarter. | 安哥拉的人均国内总产值减少了四分之一,安哥拉出口了大量石油和钻石。 |
| 41 | The fortunes of a few particularly populous emerging economies have deteriorated. | 一些人口特别众多的新兴经济体的财富已经恶化。 |
| 42 | In September 2006, the foreign ministers of Brazil, Russia, India and China | 2006年9月,巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国外交部长 |
| 43 | met for the first gathering of the BRICS group of fast-growing developing giants. | 召开金砖国家快速增长巨头集团首次集会. |
| 44 | Since then, only India has escaped the slowdown. | 此后,只有印度逃脱了减速. |
| 45 | Chinese GDP per person grew half as fast in 2014 to 2024 as it did in 2004 to 2014. | 2014年至2024年中国人均GDP增长快于2004年至2014年的一半. |
| 46 | The euphoria of manufacturing-led catch-up growth has given way to weak domestic demand. | 制造业带动的赶超增长的欣欣向荣,让位于国内需求疲软。 |
| 47 | In Russia, per person improvements are less than half what they used to be, | 在俄罗斯,每个人的改善 不到他们过去的一半, |
| 48 | despite a declining denominator because of a shrinking population. | 尽管人口减少导致分母下降。 |
| 49 | The consequences of these shifts will be profound. | 这些转变将产生深远的后果。 |
| 50 | Views on material progress shape who gets elected in places with elections, | 关于在选举地点当选的物质进展的看法, |
| 51 | as well as who works hard and how many children are born everywhere. | 以及谁努力工作 和有多少孩子出生在任何地方。 |
| 52 | In 2006, Benjamin Friedman of Harvard University argued that rising living standards | 2006年,哈佛大学的本杰明·弗里德曼认为生活水平不断提高. |
| 53 | fostered stable politics, meritocracy and other virtues. | 培养了稳定的政治、精英管理和其他美德。 |
| 54 | Slowdowns may have the opposite result, especially among those at an early stage of their economic life. | 减速可能会产生相反的结果,特别是在经济生活的早期阶段。 |
| 55 | One effect is nostalgia. | 一种效果是怀旧. |
| 56 | In 2025, Justin Jest of George Mason University and his co-authors polled 20,000 Europeans. | 2025年,乔治·梅森大学的贾斯汀·杰斯特(Justin Jest)和他的合著者对20000名欧洲人进行了调查. |
| 57 | At least two-fifths believed their generation was economically disadvantaged. | 至少有五分之二的人认为他们的一代在经济上处于不利地位。 |
| 58 | Only those in their fifties were more susceptible than 18 to 34-year-olds to this nostalgic deprivation. | 只有50岁以上的人才更容易遭受这种怀旧的剥夺。 |
| 59 | Similarly, a poll of Chinese-born roughly between 1995 and 2010 by Oliver Wyman, a consultancy, | 类似地,1995年到2010年间 由顾问Oliver Wyman对华生的民调, |
| 60 | found that 56% were worried about prospects for a better life. | 56%的人担心过上更好的生活。 |
| 61 | Earlier generations were more upbeat. | 前几代人更兴奋 |
| 62 | According to a survey by Pew Research in 2015, | 根据皮尤研究公司2015年的调查, |
| 63 | 70% of those born in the late 1980s felt positively about the economy. | 20世纪80年代后期出生的70%的人对经济有积极感。 |
| 64 | Nostalgia leads to disengagement. | 怀旧导致脱离接触。 |
| 65 | One poll of Russians aged 18 to 34 found that though most had a strong sense of national identity, | 对18至34岁的俄罗斯人进行的一次民意调查发现,尽管大多数俄罗斯人具有强烈的民族认同感, |
| 66 | only 5% would consider working for the government. | 只有5%的人会考虑为政府工作。 |
| 67 | A ten-yearly survey in China conducted by researchers from Stanford University | 斯坦福大学研究人员在中国进行的十年调查 |
| 68 | found that in 2023, only 28% of Chinese believed hard work was always rewarded, down from 62% in 2014. | 发现在2023年,只有28%的中国人认为辛勤劳动总是得到奖励,低于2014年的62%. |
| 69 | Ava Zhou, a 50-year-old mother in Beijing, says her son feels like there is no point in doing anything. | 北京50岁母亲艾娃·周(Ava Zhou)表示,她的儿子觉得做任何事是没有意义的. |
| 70 | He recently dropped out of university, where he was pursuing an engineering degree. | 他最近从大学退学,在那里他正在攻读工程学位。 |
| 71 | With unemployment among the urban young at 18% in July, little wonder. | 7月城市青年失业率为18%,这不足为奇。 |
| 72 | Lu Yao of Columbia University and Li Xiaoguang of Xi'an Xiaotong University | 哥伦比亚大学的陆姚和西安小通大学的李小广 |
| 73 | have found that roughly two-fifths of jobless 23- to 28-year-olds Chinese have university degrees. | 大约五分之二的无工作 23至28岁的中国人有大学学位 |
| 74 | In places that are not as repressive as China or revanchist Russia, | 在比不上中国或俄罗斯复仇主义的地方 |
| 75 | young people's professional apathy can go hand in hand with political aegyo. | 年轻人的职业冷漠与政治冷漠是相辅相成的。 |
| 76 | Mr Jest and his co-authors find that Western Europeans in the throes of nostalgic deprivation | Jest先生和他的共同作者发现,西欧人处于怀旧的贫困之中。 |
| 77 | are 55 percentage points more likely to vote for populists than those who report no such views. | 民粹主义者的投票率比没有报告这种观点的人高55个百分点。 |
| 78 | Research by Ruth Dassonville of KU Leuven at Belgian University shows that slowing growth can lead to volatile politics. | 比利时大学的KU Leuven的Ruth Dassonville的研究表明,增长放缓可能导致政治动荡. |
| 79 | Voters swing from left to right and back as they blame incumbents for things getting worse. | 选民从左到右摇摆 因为他们责怪现任者 事情越来越糟糕。 |
| 80 | Brazilians aged 16-34 helped elect Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a left-winger, as president in 2022. | 16-34岁的巴西人于2022年帮助选举左翼人士路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦为总统. |
| 81 | Amid stagnating living standards, they are likelier to back his right-wing rival in elections next month. | 在生活水平停滞不前的情况下,他们在下月的选举中比支持他的右翼对手要好。 |
| 82 | Instability is unlikely to promote growth, provoking more instability, and so on. | 不稳定不太可能促进增长,引发更多的不稳定,等等。 |
| 83 | In another 10 years' time, more places may face a similar vicious cycle. | 再过十年,更多的地方可能面临类似的恶性循环。 |
| 84 | 更多联合国视频访问www.un.org.uk |
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