6-24 正在烤干欧洲的极端热浪，只是个开始? | BBC全
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:00 | Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC. | 欢迎来到英国广播公司的全球新闻播客。 |
| 0:02 | I'm Celia Hatton and today I'm joined by our climate | 我是西莉亚・哈顿 今天我加入我们的气候 |
| 0:05 | editor, Justin Rolad. | 编辑:贾斯汀·罗拉德. |
| 0:07 | We need his analysis because today much of Western Europe is currently baking | 我们需要他的分析 因为今天西欧大部分地区都在烘焙 |
| 0:11 | in a heat wave with temperatures significantly higher than average for this time of year. | 温度大大高于平均水平的热浪 |
| 0:17 | Justin, can you put this into context for us? | 贾斯汀,你能把 这件事情的背景给我们? |
| 0:19 | I've mentioned that we're facing an intense heat wave | 我提到,我们正面临激烈的热浪 |
| 0:22 | in Europe right now, but is this really the first of what's to come? | 在欧洲,现在, 但这是真正的第一个未来? |
| 0:27 | It is, yeah. | 没错 |
| 0:28 | So obviously we've always had heat waves. | 显然,我们总是有热浪。 |
展开字幕全文（190 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC. | 欢迎来到英国广播公司的全球新闻播客。 |
| 2 | I'm Celia Hatton and today I'm joined by our climate | 我是西莉亚・哈顿 今天我加入我们的气候 |
| 3 | editor, Justin Rolad. | 编辑:贾斯汀·罗拉德. |
| 4 | We need his analysis because today much of Western Europe is currently baking | 我们需要他的分析 因为今天西欧大部分地区都在烘焙 |
| 5 | in a heat wave with temperatures significantly higher than average for this time of year. | 温度大大高于平均水平的热浪 |
| 6 | Justin, can you put this into context for us? | 贾斯汀,你能把 这件事情的背景给我们? |
| 7 | I've mentioned that we're facing an intense heat wave | 我提到,我们正面临激烈的热浪 |
| 8 | in Europe right now, but is this really the first of what's to come? | 在欧洲,现在, 但这是真正的第一个未来? |
| 9 | It is, yeah. | 没错 |
| 10 | So obviously we've always had heat waves. | 显然,我们总是有热浪。 |
| 11 | Heat waves in Europe typically involve | 欧洲的热浪通常涉及: |
| 12 | high pressure systems that kind of press down, keeping the hot weather in place. | 高压系统 那种压下, 保持热天气。 |
| 13 | They often draw | 他们经常画画 |
| 14 | in in Europe, weather up from Africa, so hot air up from Africa, maybe from the West, and then they | 在欧洲,天气从非洲升起, 所以热空气从非洲升起, 也许从西方,然后他们 |
| 15 | deliver clear skies, so you get a lot of sunshine and a lot of humidity, so a lot of heat. | 提供晴朗的天空, 所以你得到很多阳光 和很多湿度, 所以很多热量。 |
| 16 | So we've | 所以,我们已经 |
| 17 | always had those weather patterns, we've always had those heat waves. | 总是有那些天气规律, 我们总是有那些热浪。 |
| 18 | What happens in a warming | 升温时会发生什么 |
| 19 | world is that those heat waves are now a bit hotter and they last a bit longer and they happen | 热浪越热 持续的时间越长 就会发生 |
| 20 | a bit more frequently. | 更频繁一点 |
| 21 | So what we're seeing is the extremes getting more dramatic, not just a little | 因此,我们看到的是极端 越来越戏剧化,不只是一点点 |
| 22 | bit more dramatic. | 有点戏剧化。 |
| 23 | The world's worn by like 1.3, 1.4 degrees Celsius, but out at the extremes, | 世界已经磨损了1.3,1.4摄氏度, 但是在极端, |
| 24 | that change in temperature pushes the extremes out even further. | 温度的变化会把极端推得更远 |
| 25 | So significantly hotter at the | 这么热 |
| 26 | moment here in the UK. | 就在英国 |
| 27 | We are about between 10 and 12 degrees Celsius hotter than we would normally | 我们比平常热十到十二摄氏度 |
| 28 | expect to be in June, and for a temperate country that is a huge margin. | 对于一个温带国家来说, |
| 29 | Okay, so you've taken us | 好,你带我们走了 |
| 30 | through what we're seeing at this point in time, but I know you've been speaking to the weather | 通过我们现在所看到的,但我知道你一直在谈论天气 |
| 31 | authorities here in the UK to get a forecast of what we could be seeing decades from now. | 英国当局要预测 几十年后我们会看到什么 |
| 32 | Can you | 你能吗? |
| 33 | take us through what they told you? | 带我们通过他们告诉你的? |
| 34 | Yeah, so they did a really interesting experiment. | 是的,所以他们做了一个非常有趣的实验。 |
| 35 | They looked | 他们看 |
| 36 | back at a really kind of celebrated heat wave that was here in the UK back in 1976, so 50 years ago, | 回到1976年在英国的热浪中 50年前 |
| 37 | and they threw forward, they said if we got that kind of heat wave, look at the weather patterns, | 他们往前扔,他们说 如果我们有那种热浪, 看看天气模式, |
| 38 | put it into the computers, if we got that kind of heat wave in the kind of warmed world, the climate | 把它放到电脑里, 如果我们有那种热浪 在温暖的世界, 气候 |
| 39 | changed world of 2056, what would it look like? | 改变2056年的世界, 它会是什么样子? |
| 40 | And here is the forecast. | 下面是预测。 |
| 41 | So they're saying | 所以他们说 |
| 42 | temperatures in England could peak at 45 degrees Celsius, 41 degrees in Wales, 38 degrees in Scotland, | 英国的气温可能达到45摄氏度,威尔士41摄氏度,苏格兰38摄氏度, |
| 43 | 30 degrees in Northern Ireland. | 30°在北爱尔兰. |
| 44 | And that frankly sounds like a weather forecast from a different | 老实说,这听起来像天气预报 从不同的 |
| 45 | continent, maybe from Africa or Asia, but that is the UK Met offices, the kind of reservoir of expertise | 大陆,也许来自非洲或亚洲, 但这是英国的Met办事处, 那种专门知识库 |
| 46 | about meteorology here in the UK. | 关于气象学 在英国。 |
| 47 | It's their best guess at a forecast for the UK in just 30 years time. | 这是他们在30年时间里 对英国预测的最佳猜测 |
| 48 | So is that taking a heat wave that might occur naturally? | 那么,这是一个热浪 可能自然发生? |
| 49 | We'd always see a heat wave once in a | 我们总是看到热浪一次 |
| 50 | while anyway, and then you layer climate change conditions on top of that. | 然后把气候变化条件加到上面 |
| 51 | Is that what that forecast is? | 这就是预测吗? |
| 52 | Well, there's two things. | 有两件事 |
| 53 | One, yes, the heat wave sits on top of a, it occurs in a warming world, | 一,是的,热浪坐在一个顶端, 它发生在一个变暖的世界, |
| 54 | and therefore is naturally hotter. | 自然会更热 |
| 55 | But we're also expecting to see more heat waves, more of these kind of, | 但我们也期待看到更多的热浪, 更多的这种, |
| 56 | you know, the weather patterns that cause heat waves and see them last for longer. | 你知道,导致热浪的天气规律 并看到它们持续更长的时间。 |
| 57 | So the extremes | 所以,极端 |
| 58 | are really pushed out. | 他们真的被赶出去。 |
| 59 | So we see much more extreme heat in a warming world. | 因此,我们看到在变暖的世界中,更极端的热量。 |
| 60 | You mentioned one noted | 你提到过一个音符 |
| 61 | heat wave in 1976. | 1976年热浪. |
| 62 | I want to take us a little bit forward in time to 2003. | 我想在2003年的时间内 带我们前进一点 |
| 63 | That was a heat wave that | 这是一个热浪, |
| 64 | took place across Western Europe, and it led to thousands of deaths. | 发生在西欧各地,导致数千人死亡。 |
| 65 | Can you take us through what | 你能带我们通过什么 |
| 66 | happened in that heat wave and what we learned from that moment? | 在那场热浪中发生的事 以及我们从那一刻学到什么? |
| 67 | So that was another European | 所以那是另一个欧洲人 |
| 68 | heat wave. | 热浪。 |
| 69 | I mean, comparable to this, I suspect temperature is probably a little lower than we're | 我的意思是,与之相比,我怀疑 温度可能比我们低一点 |
| 70 | expecting even this week, but caused the death or is estimated to have caused the death or played a | 甚至是本周,但造成死亡 或估计造成死亡 或演奏 |
| 71 | role in the death of 70,000 people. | 在70,000人的死亡中扮演的角色。 |
| 72 | So huge death toll here in Europe and a really kind of | 如此巨大的死亡人数 在欧洲这里 和真正的类型 |
| 73 | could have real kind of health consequences, even in Europe, which obviously is relatively speaking, | 即使在欧洲 也会产生真正的健康后果 很明显 相对而言 |
| 74 | you know, cooler than other parts of the world, shall we say. | 你知道,比世界其他地方更酷,应该说。 |
| 75 | So that was a real kind of warning. | 所以,这是一个真正的警告。 |
| 76 | And we should be quite careful about these figures for heat deaths, because, you know, if you're a | 我们应该非常小心这些热死亡的数字, 因为,你知道,如果你是一个 |
| 77 | doctor and somebody dies of a heart attack on a hot day, what caused the death? | 医生和某人在炎热的一天死于心脏病 是什么导致死亡的? |
| 78 | Well, you're the | 好吧,你是一个 |
| 79 | doctor, you say the heart attack caused the death. | 医生 你说是心脏病引起的 |
| 80 | You don't necessarily say, oh, by the way, it was | 你不一定说,哦,顺便说一句,这是 |
| 81 | 35 degrees Celsius when it happens. | 发生时35摄氏度. |
| 82 | So there's a suspicion that actually the role of heat is | 所以有人怀疑 热的作用其实是 |
| 83 | probably much greater in death on really hot days than is recorded, because there isn't really a | 可能比记录的要多得多 因为真的没有 |
| 84 | mechanism for capturing the role that it plays in ill health. | (c) 建立机制,以掌握其在健康状况不佳时所发挥的作用。 |
| 85 | But even with that, you know, | 但即使这样,你知道, |
| 86 | possible death toll of 70,000, that was a real wake up call, wasn't it? | 可能死亡人数7万, 这真是唤醒,不是吗? |
| 87 | What measures did | 采取了哪些措施 |
| 88 | governments put in place starting at that time? | 政府从那时开始就已经到位了? |
| 89 | How are governments across Europe trying to | 欧洲各国政府如何努力 |
| 90 | counter the effects of heat waves? | 对抗热浪的影响? |
| 91 | Well, it's a patchwork and lots of campaigners would say | 嗯,这是一个补丁 和很多竞选者会说 |
| 92 | it is really inadequate to the demands of the kind of weather that we're seeing. | 它确实不足以满足我们所看到的气候需求。 |
| 93 | Now, we get a lot | 现在,我们得到了很多 |
| 94 | more alerts. | 更多的警报。 |
| 95 | So, you know, mesh offices around the world issue alerts much more often, recognizing | 所以,你知道,全球的网络办事处 发布更多的警报,认识到 |
| 96 | that, you know, forewarned is, it means people are better prepared for the things that are coming. | 你知道,预先警告过, 这意味着人们对即将到来的事情有更好的准备。 |
| 97 | I think, you know, there's much more publicity about how to deal with the heat. | 我想,你知道, 有更多的宣传 如何应付热。 |
| 98 | They need to | 他们需要 |
| 99 | close your curtains and windows on hot days, have a fan at night, hydrate, all of that stuff | 在炎热的日子关上窗帘和窗户 晚上有扇扇子,水合水,所有的东西 |
| 100 | is much more recognized. | 更被承认。 |
| 101 | And there is a recognition that the design of cities needs to change. | 人们认识到,城市的设计需要改变。 |
| 102 | And | 还有 |
| 103 | you do begin to see in some European cities, a real effort to put more green spaces in there, | 你确实开始看到一些欧洲城市, 一个真正的努力 在那里放置更多的绿色空间, |
| 104 | which have a real cooling effect, that kind of thing, beginning to sort of recognize that | 具有真正的冷却效果, 那种东西, 开始有点认识到 |
| 105 | architecture needs to be changed. | 架构需要改变。 |
| 106 | But you only have to go to a kind of, you know, new build area | 但你只需要去一个新的建筑区 |
| 107 | of London, for example, and you see these, you know, tower blocks that have been built with glass | 比如说,在伦敦,你可以看到这些,你知道的, 塔的块 已经用玻璃建造 |
| 108 | windows, they often don't have through breezes, and they become incredibly hot. | 窗户,它们往往没有微风, 它们变得非常热。 |
| 109 | So, and there | 所以,这里 |
| 110 | aren't actually very good rules on, you know, the heat limits that should be imposed that should be | 其实不是很好的规则, 你知道,应该施加的热限,应该是 |
| 111 | set for, for homes when they're built. | 用来建房子 |
| 112 | So we're a long way behind, you know, we've got, we've got a | 所以我们落后了很久,你知道的,我们得到了,我们得到了一个 |
| 113 | huge backlog, essentially, over the last 20, 30 years, we've got loads of those kinds of housing. | 在过去的20,30年里, 我们拥有大量这类住房。 |
| 114 | And that really struggle, people really struggle in the heat, because those places get so hot. | 真正的挣扎,人们真的在热中挣扎, 因为这些地方变得如此热。 |
| 115 | There is an effort beginning to be an effort to kind of recognize that support is needed for | 已经开始努力承认需要支助,以便 |
| 116 | people, particularly if they live in, you know, in small flats with lots of glass that they need | 人们,特别是如果他们住, 你知道,在小公寓 与许多玻璃 他们需要 |
| 117 | places they can go that they can cool down. | 他们可以去的地方 他们可以冷静下来。 |
| 118 | I mean, how much urgency are you seeing in | 我的意思是,你看到有多紧急 |
| 119 | these conversations? | 这些谈话? |
| 120 | I mean, you use the word begin a lot that the governments are beginning | 我的意思是,你用这个词开始 很多政府开始 |
| 121 | to understand and recognize that this needs to be done. | 理解和认识到需要这样做。 |
| 122 | In the conversations that you're hearing, | 在你听到的谈话中 |
| 123 | is that really, is it being seen as an emergency measure that needs to be enacted? | 这是真的吗? 它是否被视为一项需要颁布的紧急措施? |
| 124 | There's a lot of pressure from campaigners. | 竞选者的压力很大. |
| 125 | And like I say, there are lots of countries have | 就像我说的,有很多国家有 |
| 126 | bodies like the Climate Change Committee advising governments, the governments don't have to take | 气候变化委员会等机构建议政府,政府不必采取 |
| 127 | the advice. | 咨询。 |
| 128 | And what we're seeing is year after year, we've got another report coming out tomorrow | 而我们看到的是年复一年, 我们得到了另一个报告明天出来 |
| 129 | year after year, they're saying, you know, what you're doing isn't adequate, you need to do more. | 年复一年,他们说, 你知道,你做什么是不充分的, 你需要做更多的。 |
| 130 | And I mean, we've talked about heat in homes, but you're gonna look at heat on infrastructure. | 我的意思是,我们已经谈论了 在家里的热量, 但你会看到热 在基础设施。 |
| 131 | So, | 这么说 |
| 132 | for example, the railway network here in the UK often breaks down in hot weather, the | 例如,英国这里的铁路网 经常在炎热的天气中崩溃 |
| 133 | rails expand and the trails, trains can't run on them. | 铁路拓宽,小道,列车无法在其中运行. |
| 134 | So there are all sorts of other infrastructure | 所以还有其他各种基础设施 |
| 135 | needs attention as well. | 也需要注意。 |
| 136 | And you know, there is a recognition that the government here and across | 你知道,人们承认政府在这里和整个 |
| 137 | Europe, across the world, isn't adequately recognizing the changes that need to happen. | 欧洲,在全世界, 没有充分认识到需要发生的变化。 |
| 138 | This is long term, large scale, long term expenditure, where the benefit isn't entirely | 这是长期,大规模,长期支出, 在那里福利不是完全的 |
| 139 | clear. | ⊿拜肈 |
| 140 | On a hot day ago, it would be great if we had air conditioning. | 在热的一天前, 如果我们有空调,这将是伟大的。 |
| 141 | When it cools down, | 当它冷却下来, |
| 142 | you know, there's much less pressure on the government. | 政府的压力要小得多 |
| 143 | So it's quite easy to | 所以这很容易 |
| 144 | dodge the kind of long term spending commitments that this involves. | 逃避这种长期支出承诺。 |
| 145 | Countries like India are routinely recording much higher temperatures, up to 50 degrees | 印度这样的国家 通常记录的温度要高得多, 最高50度 |
| 146 | Celsius. | 摄氏度。 |
| 147 | I know India is a country that you know well, Justin, I mean, how much worse can it get? | 我知道印度是一个你很熟悉的国家,贾斯汀,我的意思是,它能有多糟糕? |
| 148 | I mean, one of the key factors in all of this is actually, yes, the heat is really important, | 我的意思是,所有这一切的关键因素之一 实际上,是的,热 真的很重要, |
| 149 | but also the level of humidity. | 还有湿度 |
| 150 | And the higher the humidity, the harder it is for our bodies | 湿度越高,我们的身体就越难 |
| 151 | to cool down. | 冷静下来。 |
| 152 | So I lived in Delhi, and typically in Delhi, towards the just before the monsoon, | 所以我住在德里 通常住在德里 就在季风之前 |
| 153 | so in kind of May, June, it would get very, very hot, like 48, 49 degrees Celsius, | 所以在五月,六月, 它会变得非常,非常热, 像48,49摄氏度, |
| 154 | but it would be quite dry and therefore physically quite manageable. | 但它会相当干燥, 因此在物理上相当可以管理。 |
| 155 | And I'll be | 我会 |
| 156 | honest, we had air conditioning in our home, which obviously made a massive difference, | 老实说,我们家里有空调, 这显然有很大的改变, |
| 157 | but it was kind of more manageable. | 但它是一种比较容易管理。 |
| 158 | Then when the monsoon broke and you had humidity, | 然后当季风破裂,你湿了, |
| 159 | it became much harder to handle. | 它变得很难处理。 |
| 160 | So one of the key factors is how much humidity we're getting in. | 关键因素之一是我们进入的湿度有多大。 |
| 161 | Humidity now is also a feature of the increasing heat we're getting, making it harder for our | 湿度也是我们越来越高的热量 使得我们更难 |
| 162 | bodies to handle the heat that we're seeing around the world. | 身体可以处理我们在世界各地看到的热量 |
| 163 | And just casting our thoughts far into the future. | 把我们的思想投向未来 |
| 164 | I mean, we've been seeing | 我的意思是,我们已经看到 |
| 165 | mass urbanisation over the last few decades, people actively leaving the countryside, | 在过去的几十年里,大规模城市化, 人们积极地离开农村, |
| 166 | moving into cities. | 迁入诸城. |
| 167 | Could we see a reverse of that? | 我们能倒过来吗? |
| 168 | Because cities will just become far | 因为城市会变得很远 |
| 169 | too hot to handle in the summertime. | 太热了,在夏天处理。 |
| 170 | I mean, you can see places in the world | 我的意思是,你可以看到世界的地方 |
| 171 | where that could be true. | 在那里,这可能是真实的。 |
| 172 | You look at somewhere like Dubai, and you think, really, is that really | 你看着像迪拜的某个地方, 你觉得,真的,这是真的 |
| 173 | a kind of suitable infrastructure built in that place? | 一种合适的基础设施 在那里建造? |
| 174 | There may be challenges in places like that. | 类似的地方可能存在挑战. |
| 175 | We've got to remember when we think about these things, cities are really efficient ways | 我们必须记住,当我们思考这些事情, 城市是非常有效的方法 |
| 176 | for human beings to live and interact and have proved real engines of kind of economic growth | 人类能够生活和互动,并证明是经济增长的真正引擎 |
| 177 | and kind of massively raised living standards and also have helped engender kind of have helped lead | 以及大量提高生活水平 也帮助创造了一种 帮助领导 |
| 178 | to smaller family sizes. | 家庭规模较小 |
| 179 | So there are all sorts of benefits of living in cities. | 故住城有种种利益. |
| 180 | It's relatively cheaper to provide infrastructure in cities. | 在城市提供基础设施相对便宜. |
| 181 | So there are benefits like that. | 所以有这样的好处。 |
| 182 | But | 不过 |
| 183 | yes, there is a huge legacy challenge as the entire world warms up where we need to make sure | 是的,有一个巨大的传统挑战 随着整个世界的温暖,我们需要确保 |
| 184 | our homes, schools, hospitals and other infrastructure is adequately prepared for | 我们的家园、学校、医院和其他基础设施已做好充分准备,以便 |
| 185 | the kind of temperatures we're going to see. | 那种温度,我们会看到。 |
| 186 | Thank you, Justin, our climate editor, | 谢谢你,贾斯汀,我们的气候编辑, |
| 187 | Justin Rolat. | 贾斯汀·罗拉特. |
| 188 | And if you want to hear more from the Global News podcast, | 如果你想听更多 从全球新闻播客, |
| 189 | click the link below. | 单击下面的链接。 |
| 190 | Thanks for watching. | 谢谢你的观看。 |
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