7-28 欧洲的野火危机 | BBC全球新闻播客

发布于 2026-07-28 · 时长 9:29

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:00	Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC.	欢迎来到英国广播公司的全球新闻播客。
0:02	I'm Uncle Desai.	我是德赛叔叔
0:03	Today, I'm joined by our climate editor, Justin Rola.	今天,我加入了我们的气候编辑,贾斯汀·罗拉。
0:06	Justin, it's always great to have you on.	贾斯汀,有你来真好
0:08	But we are talking about something which is quite concerning.	但是,我们是在谈论一些相当有关的事情。
0:12	The wildfires which are spreading across Europe.	遍布欧洲的野火
0:15	Just describe the scope of them and how vast they are.	只要描述一下它们的范围,以及它们有多大。
0:17	Uncle, these are really big fires.	叔叔,这真是大火
0:19	So the Spanish authorities say these fires are six times bigger	西班牙当局说这些火灾是六倍大
0:24	than the fires they experienced last year, typically across the whole of the fire	比去年他们所经历的火灾, 通常在整个大火中

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序号	英文	中文
1	Welcome to the Global News podcast from the BBC.	欢迎来到英国广播公司的全球新闻播客。
2	I'm Uncle Desai.	我是德赛叔叔
3	Today, I'm joined by our climate editor, Justin Rola.	今天,我加入了我们的气候编辑,贾斯汀·罗拉。
4	Justin, it's always great to have you on.	贾斯汀,有你来真好
5	But we are talking about something which is quite concerning.	但是,我们是在谈论一些相当有关的事情。
6	The wildfires which are spreading across Europe.	遍布欧洲的野火
7	Just describe the scope of them and how vast they are.	只要描述一下它们的范围,以及它们有多大。
8	Uncle, these are really big fires.	叔叔,这真是大火
9	So the Spanish authorities say these fires are six times bigger	西班牙当局说这些火灾是六倍大
10	than the fires they experienced last year, typically across the whole of the fire	比去年他们所经历的火灾, 通常在整个大火中
11	season, which starts in June, ends about the end of September.	季节从6月开始,到9月底结束。
12	Across the whole of the fire season, on average, Spain would see 100,000 hectares	在整个火灾季节,西班牙平均有10万公顷土地
13	burnt.	烧焦了
14	They've already had 130,000 hectares burnt.	他们已经烧了13万公顷
15	So these are already bigger than the annual average.	所以这些已经比年平均值大。
16	And in France, similarly, this is way bigger than they've seen before.	在法国,类似地,这比他们以前看到的要大得多。
17	Started earlier, burning more extensively and also, you know, burning a lot	更早开始,烧得更广,而且,你知道,烧得很多
18	hotter than they expect these fires to burn.	比他们预期的火烧得更热
19	And the Spanish Prime Minister, Pedro Sanchez, has talked about this being a	西班牙总理佩德罗·桑切斯谈到,
20	climate emergency.	气候紧急情况。
21	Just I mean, how big an emergency is this?	我是说,这有多紧急?
22	Because it feels every time there is a spread of wildfire, it becomes more	因为每当野火蔓延时感觉会更强烈
23	and more dangerous.	更危险
24	Well, the emergency comes because climate change, as we know, is making summers	紧急情况的到来是因为我们知道气候变化正在让夏天
25	and springs hotter and drier and obviously high temperatures	更热、更干燥、更高的温度
26	and low rainfall create the conditions that allow these fires to	低降雨量创造了条件,使这些火灾得以
27	to burn and burn extensively.	燃烧和大量燃烧。
28	But it's also combined, actually, interestingly, with the quite wet winter.	但它也结合,实际上,有趣的是, 与相当湿润的冬天。
29	Now, that isn't necessarily a climate issue because rainfall varies	这不一定是气候问题因为降雨量不同
30	quite dramatically year to year.	年复一年,非常引人注目。
31	But the wet winter allowed lots of vegetation to grow.	但湿润的冬天使得许多植被得以生长.
32	Then when we had a dry, very dry spring, very dry summer, the vegetation	然后当我们有一个干燥,非常干燥的春季,非常干燥的夏季,植被
33	dries out.	干干净净。
34	You've got loads of fuel, loads of tinder.	你有一堆燃料,还有一堆铁器
35	So when a spark comes and lights a fire, there's much more fuel to burn.	所以,当一个火花来点燃一个火的时候, 更多的燃料可以燃烧。
36	And that's why we're seeing such hot fires with these extraordinary	这也是为什么我们看到如此热火与这些非凡的
37	一种气象现象, 这些烟火 cumulanibus云,
38	these fire driven thunder clouds that are rising above some of the fires,	这些火驱使的雷云正在上升在一些火上,
39	literally creating their own weather.	从字面上创造了自己的天气。
40	So they draw in huge amounts of air as the plume of smoke rises	所以随着烟雾的升起,它们会吸引大量的空气
41	into the high atmosphere.	进入高空大气
42	So create these unpredictable winds, often dramatic downdrafts,	所以创造出这些无法预测的风, 常常是戏剧性的下水,
43	which can change the direction of the fire, fan the flames,	它可以改变火的方向,
44	but also lightning, which can spark even new blazes.	还有闪电,它甚至可以点燃新的火焰。
45	And then sometimes, you know, it can be beneficial.	有时候,你知道,它可能是有益的。
46	You get some rain.	你得到一些雨水。
47	But often the fire is so hot, the rain actually evaporates	但往往火这么热,雨会蒸发
48	before it hits the ground.	在它落到地上之前,
49	So really kind of we're seeing some really unusual, really dramatic things.	因此,我们真的看到了一些非常不寻常,非常戏剧性的东西。
50	These are the kind of things that you typically see in, you know,	这些是你通常看到的
51	in wildfires in Canada or in America, those huge wildfires.	在加拿大或美国野火中那些巨大的野火
52	You get over there and you see these kind of these these these	你去那边,你看到这些东西
53	thunder clouds formed by the cloud, the fire, very unusual in in Europe.	雷云由云,火形成,在欧洲非常不寻常.
54	And again, an indication just of how exceptional this fire season is.	再一次地,表明这个火灾季节是多么的不寻常。
55	And something else I've heard you talk a lot about as well,	还有件事我听到你也说了很多
56	the accumulated vegetation and the abandoned land,	积聚的植被和荒芜的土地,
57	which can also provide fuel to these fires.	也可以为这些火灾提供燃料。
58	Yeah, it's really interesting.	是啊,这真的很有趣。
59	You know, Spain and France both have seen this kind of exodus from rural areas	你知道,西班牙和法国都看到这种外流从农村地区
60	as your agricultural techniques have changed and the jobs have drawn people in.	由于你的农业技术已经改变工作吸引了人们。
61	So as older people die, they've been leaving the countryside.	所以随着老年人的死亡,他们一直在离开农村.
62	And that means there's a lot of a kind of abandoned land, as you say.	这说明有很多废弃的土地,就像你说的。
63	And often that grows, turns to scrub and scrub, which, as I say,	并经常生长, 转向洗涤和洗涤, 正如我所说的,
64	can dry out quite easily, then becomes tinder, becomes fuel for fires.	很容易干燥,然后变成钢铁,成为火灾的燃料。
65	So another reason it's kind of the management of our landscapes,	所以,另一个原因,它是某种管理我们的景观,
66	you know, that needs to be addressed if we're going to begin to tackle	如果我们要着手解决
67	that, cutting fire breaks in exactly those kind of conditions, which,	在那种情况下火会断裂
68	you know, dry scrub one spark and, you know, you can have a huge configuration.	你知道,干洗一个火花而且,你知道,你可以有一个巨大的配置。
69	I guess, Justin, what can we do now	我猜,贾斯汀,我们现在能做什么?
70	to help prevent these fires becoming a regular occurrence going forward?	* 帮助防止这些火灾成为经常发生的情况?
71	It feels as though local officials talk about forest management.	当地官员似乎谈论森林管理。
72	They talk about planting different types of trees.	他们谈论种植不同类型的树木.
73	What are some of the methods?	有哪些方法?
74	I guess we all need to think about now going forward.	我想我们都需要考虑下一步的工作。
75	Well, we've talked a bit about that fuel accumulating.	嗯,我们已经谈了一点关于燃料积累。
76	And, you know, these forest management methods that you're talking about	你所说的这些森林管理方法
77	often are about reducing that.	经常是减少。
78	And there are quite interesting things they can do, for example,	有相当有趣的事情他们可以做,例如,
79	putting big kind of grazing animals in there to eat it.	把大种类的放牧动物在那里吃它。
80	Goats, maybe cows, you know, back in the old days, you'd have oryx,	山羊,也许奶牛, 你知道,回到过去,你会有牡蛎,
81	these huge kind of buffaloes that would be in the, you know,	这些巨大的水牛将会在,你知道,
82	in the thousands of years ago in the forest.	数千年前的森林里
83	So maybe bringing some of those animals back to reduce the amount of scrub	所以也许能带回一些动物来减少擦拭量
84	and grasses and brush there is there.	草丛和刷子就在那里。
85	And also they're talking about control burns,	他们还在谈论控制灼伤,
86	something we do see in other forest areas, again, in in North America	我们在北美其他森林区看到的
87	and in Canada, you sometimes see that.	在加拿大,你有时会看到
88	So in kind of dry seasons when the but when the ground is quite wet,	所以在干燥季节当地面很湿的时候
89	so it's quite controllable, you can burn some of that bush brush away.	这样可以控制你可以把灌木刷烧掉
90	And that can, you know, means there's less fuel for the fires.	这可以,你知道,意味着火的燃料较少。
91	But it's something else rather more dramatic that they're talking about doing,	但是,这是其他更戏剧性的他们谈论做,
92	not just in Spain and France, but as far north as the UK	不仅在西班牙和法国而且在北边的英国
93	and into Scandinavia is cutting fire breaks against	而进入斯堪的纳维亚正在切断对火的突破
94	something you see quite commonly in places like Canada.	在加拿大这种地方你很常见
95	But big fire breaks, which means break the forest and allow an opportunity	但大火的爆发意味着森林的破坏并给机会
96	for the fire services to get in and kind of control the fire.	消防部门可以控制火灾
97	It doesn't immediately jump to the next trees.	它不会立即跳到下一个树上。
98	So that's something we may be seeing.	所以,这是我们可能看到的东西。
99	And that may really change the way that our natural environment looks.	这可能会真正改变我们自然环境的外观。
100	You know, the wild spaces, the natural parts that we've got	你知道,野外的空间, 我们拥有的自然部分
101	may have these rather brutal kind of lines cut through them	可能有这种残酷的线条穿过它们
102	in order to prevent, well, frankly, to prevent the whole lot	为了防止坦白地说为了防止所有事情发生
103	coming up in flames in the future, because as the climate continues to warm,	因为随着气候持续暖和
104	we can expect even drier summers and therefore, you know, even more kind of	我们甚至可以期待更干燥的夏天, 因此,你知道,更类型的
105	fire susceptible landscapes.	易燃风景.
106	Justin, with your experience and when you when you watch the coverage,	贾斯汀,有你的经验当你看报道,
107	what do you think we're missing?	你觉得我们错过了什么?
108	Well, what do you think sometimes we need to be more aware of?	你觉得我们有时需要多了解一些什么?
109	And sometimes it sort of goes under the radar.	有时它会像在雷达下。
110	Things which frustrate you that we maybe need to be talking about more or be aware of.	令你失望的事情,我们也许需要谈论更多或意识到。
111	Well, I have to say, when you look at the footage is so dramatic, you know,	好吧,我不得不说,当你看镜头是如此戏剧化,你知道,
112	it looks, you know, apocalyptic.	它看起来,你知道,启示录。
113	Yeah, it's quite terrifying.	是啊,这是相当可怕的。
114	It's terrifying.	这是可怕的。
115	And, you know, I think it should serve as a reminder to us all	而且,你知道,我认为它应该作为提醒我们所有人
116	of the kind of consequences of allowing climate change to continue	气候变化的后果
117	to drive temperatures up.	让温度上升
118	I think the other thing, sometimes people look at these things and think,	我觉得另外一件事, 有时人们看着这些东西,想,
119	well, that's an issue for Spain and France when they should really be thinking,	那对西班牙和法国来说是个问题当他们真的在想
120	how is that going to how is climate change going to change?	气候变化将如何改变?
121	You know, if you don't live in Spain and France, you live elsewhere,	如果你不住在西班牙和法国你住在别的地方
122	maybe in a more northerly latitude, thinking, well, this is something	也许在一个更北纬, 思考,嗯,这是东西
123	that could come our way.	这会来我们的方式。
124	And maybe we should be beginning to think about how we change the way	也许我们应该开始思考我们如何改变方式
125	we manage our landscapes to stop this happening when we get similarly	我们管理着我们的风景以阻止这种情况当我们得到相似
126	hot, dry springs and summers.	温,干泉和夏季。
127	Do you sense there will be more political will to do something about this	你觉得会有更多的政治意愿来做一些事情吗?
128	a lot quicker, be more proactive in terms of taking action	动作要快得多行动要更主动
129	and dealing with climate change?	对付气候变化?
130	Are the other leaders now going to have to now sit down together?	其他领导人现在必须坐在一起吗?
131	A lot of them, like you mentioned from countries	很多人,就像你从各国提到的那样
132	which may not be typically affected by wildfires,	通常不会受到野火的影响,
133	but everybody needs to now have a better consensus	但每个人都需要有一个更好的共识
134	in terms of how to tackle this going forward.	如何解决今后这个问题。
135	Well, we've often said that the way to tackle climate change	我们经常说应对气候变化的方法
136	is for countries to get together.	是各国聚在一起
137	You know, a few years back, there was pretty broad global consensus	你知道,几年前, 已经有相当广泛的全球共识
138	that climate change was an important issue to tackle collectively as a world community.	气候变化是作为国际社会集体处理的一个重要问题。
139	That has kind of evaporated a bit, partly driven by the president	这有点蒸发了部分是由总统推动的
140	of the United States, who's quite sceptical about climate change	美国对气候变化持怀疑态度
141	and the requirement to tackle it.	和解决它的要求。
142	So that's kind of weakened that global consensus.	所以这有点削弱了全球共识。
143	But, you know, it's interesting, isn't it?	但是,你知道,这是有趣的,不是吗?
144	You see the Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez saying	你看西班牙首相佩德罗·桑切斯说
145	this is evidence of a climate emergency.	这是气候紧急情况的证据。
146	And I think, you know, as we said, you look at the pictures,	我想,你知道,正如我们所说, 你看这些照片,
147	it certainly looks like a very dramatic emergency situation.	看上去非常紧急
148	And, you know, one hopes that for people who want action on climate change,	而且,你知道,人们希望,对于想要采取行动应对气候变化的人来说,
149	this will stimulate leaders to say this is something, you know,	这将激励领导人们说,这是一件事情,你知道,
150	I don't want to have to be explaining to my electorate	我不想向选民解释
151	why we didn't begin to tackle this issue sooner.	为何我们没有更早地解决这个问题。
152	So hopefully there will be an impetus to, you know,	所以希望有动力,你知道,
153	become more ambitious in tackling climate change.	在应对气候变化方面更加雄心勃勃。
154	And just finally, I guess, us as human beings, as a society,	最后,我想,我们人类,社会,
155	a world global society, well, what could we be doing more?	一个世界性的全球社会,那么,我们还能做些什么呢?
156	And what sort of conversations do we need to be having amongst ourselves,	我们之间需要什么样的对话,
157	even with our family members across the dinner table, perhaps?	甚至和家人一起过餐桌也许吧?
158	Well, it comes down to the requirement to ultimately tackle the source of climate change.	归根结底是最终解决气候变化根源的要求。
159	Greenhouse gas emissions, we need to reduce those.	我们需要减少温室气体排放。
160	I mean, the good news is that globally we appear to be reaching kind of peak CO2 emissions,	好消息是全球二氧化碳排放量似乎达到了顶峰
161	partly because machines and stuff are getting more efficient,	部分原因是机器和东西越来越有效率,
162	partly because we're using more renewable energy.	部分原因是我们正在使用更多的可再生能源。
163	That is good news.	这是好消息。
164	But remember that the carbon dioxide we put in the atmosphere stays there for hundreds,	但记住我们放入大气层的二氧化碳停留在那里达数百人
165	sometimes thousands of years.	有时候是几千年
166	So there's a stock of it up there.	所以上面有一堆东西
167	We've got to stop adding to that stock.	我们必须停止增加这种股票。
168	So it's OK.	所以没关系。
169	It's great that we're plateauing our emissions.	非常好,我们正在稳定排放。
170	But really, we need to drive them down more dramatically.	但是,真的,我们需要驱赶他们更显著。
171	So we should all be thinking about how we can kind of reduce our emissions,	所以我们都应该思考如何减少排放,
172	you know, maybe fly a bit less, use the car a bit less, public transport,	你知道,也许飞行少一点, 使用汽车少一点, 公共交通,
173	maybe eat a bit less meat, which is associated with methane,	也许少吃一点肉, 这与甲烷有关,
174	which is another greenhouse gas.	这是另一种温室气体。
175	So there are all those things, the familiar things, frankly,	所以有所有这些东西, 熟悉的东西,坦率地说,
176	that we can do that we should be concerned about.	我们可以做我们应该关心的事。
177	And the other thing, of course, is if you're worried about climate change,	还有一件事,当然, 如果你担心气候变化,
178	you know, articulate that concern, speak out about it,	你知道,表达这种关切, 说出来,
179	write to your, you know, your member of parliament,	写信给你,你知道,你的议员,
180	your local political representative and say, this is something I care about.	你的地方政治代表说,这是我关心的
181	And I want to know what you're doing about it.	且问汝作么生.
182	That will raise the priority in their mind and hopefully help them recognise	这会提高他们心中的优先地位希望能帮助他们认识到
183	this is a challenge that they should address and begin to begin to tackle.	这是一项挑战,他们应当予以应对,并开始着手应对。
184	So I think there's all ways that we can get involved	所以,我觉得有方方面面我们可以参与
185	in the kind of conversations we need to have with each other.	在那种我们需要与对方的对话。
186	Justin Rowlatt 我们的气候编辑
187	That's all from us for now.	这都是我们给的
188	If you want more content from the Global News podcast,	如果你想要更多的内容从全球新闻播客,
189	click on the link below.	点击下面的链接。
190	For now, thanks so much for your company and I'll see you.	现在,非常感谢你的陪伴,我会看到你。

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