《经济学人》狗只跟主人打哈欠，却不跟同类？狼的基因实验揭开驯
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剧集目录
| 集 | 标题 | 时长 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | 《经济学人》狗只跟主人打哈欠，却不跟同类？狼的基因实验揭开驯 | 5:18 |
P1 · 《经济学人》狗只跟主人打哈欠，却不跟同类？狼的基因实验揭开驯化真相 [C1] p01 原声 (P1)
![《经济学人》狗只跟主人打哈欠，却不跟同类？狼的基因实验揭开驯化真相 [C1] p01 原声 (P1)](https://1zimu.com/subtitle/imgs/20261108/b0fxduwpfwfzcdh1wz68hwt8_1794180408441.jpg)
字幕摘录
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 0:07 | Animal Behaviour Pack Mentality | 动物行为包 |
| 0:12 | Why dogs cut yawns from their owners, but not other dogs? | 狗为什么从主人那里割打哈欠? |
| 0:17 | Yawning is contagious and not only among humans. | 尤宁有传染性,不仅限于人类. |
| 0:22 | The mimicry has been seen in chimpanzees, | 模仿者在黑猩猩中出现过 |
| 0:24 | elephants, pigs, wolves and even, allegedly, parrots. | 大象,猪,狼 甚至,据称,鹦鹉。 |
| 0:30 | Its purpose, however, remains unclear. | 但是,其目的仍然不明确。 |
| 0:33 | Many suspect it is a form of behavioural mirroring that helps animals strengthen | 很多人怀疑这是一种行为镜像 帮助动物加强 |
| 0:38 | social bonds and enhance group cohesion. | 社会纽带和增强群体凝聚力。 |
| 0:41 | In chimpanzees, for example, contagious yawning | 比如说在黑猩猩中,传染性打哈欠 |
| 0:45 | is more common among individuals who know one another. | 在彼此认识的个人中更为常见。 |
展开字幕全文（69 条）
| 序号 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Animal Behaviour Pack Mentality | 动物行为包 |
| 2 | Why dogs cut yawns from their owners, but not other dogs? | 狗为什么从主人那里割打哈欠? |
| 3 | Yawning is contagious and not only among humans. | 尤宁有传染性,不仅限于人类. |
| 4 | The mimicry has been seen in chimpanzees, | 模仿者在黑猩猩中出现过 |
| 5 | elephants, pigs, wolves and even, allegedly, parrots. | 大象,猪,狼 甚至,据称,鹦鹉。 |
| 6 | Its purpose, however, remains unclear. | 但是,其目的仍然不明确。 |
| 7 | Many suspect it is a form of behavioural mirroring that helps animals strengthen | 很多人怀疑这是一种行为镜像 帮助动物加强 |
| 8 | social bonds and enhance group cohesion. | 社会纽带和增强群体凝聚力。 |
| 9 | In chimpanzees, for example, contagious yawning | 比如说在黑猩猩中,传染性打哈欠 |
| 10 | is more common among individuals who know one another. | 在彼此认识的个人中更为常见。 |
| 11 | Dogs yawn, too, but though these | 狗也打哈欠,虽然这些 |
| 12 | wolf-descended canids often do so after their owners, yawning after other dogs is rare. | 狼斑犬常在主人之后这样做,打其他狗之后的打哈欠是很罕见的. |
| 13 | It therefore looks likely that, as part of the evolutionary process which created | 因此,似乎有可能,作为形成 " 发展 " 进程的一部分, |
| 14 | man's best friend, the bond-forming role of yawning has been transferred from one species | 男人最好的朋友,打哈欠的结缔角色 已经从一个物种转移 |
| 15 | to another. | 到另一个。 |
| 16 | Federica Amici of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig | 莱比锡马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的费德里卡·阿米西 |
| 17 | and Paolo Ciucchi of La Sapienza University in Rome teamed up to investigate, by comparing | 罗马拉萨皮安扎大学的保罗·齐奥奇通过比较调查 |
| 18 | yawning behaviour of pure-bred wolves with that of wolf crossbreeds carrying dog DNA. | 纯种狼和带狗DNA的狼十字架行为 |
| 19 | Domestication is probably central to the story. | 驯化可能是故事的核心. |
| 20 | Researchers suspect that over the course of | 研究人员怀疑,在调查过程中, |
| 21 | 30,000 to 40,000 years, living with and being bred by people, dogs have developed traits which | 3万到4万年 与人生活在一起 由人培养 狗发展了特质 |
| 22 | made them more aware of human behaviours. | 让他们更了解人类的行为。 |
| 23 | Along the way, this process seems to have diminished | 沿途,这一进程似乎有所减弱。 |
| 24 | their awareness of their own kind, too. | 他们的意识也一样 |
| 25 | But that raises the question of what happens when dog genes | 但是这引起了狗基因发生什么的问题 |
| 26 | migrate into wolves. | 迁移到狼。 |
| 27 | Doctors Amici and Ciucchi and a group of their colleagues headed to wilderness | 阿米西医生和秋千医生 他们的一群同事前往荒野 |
| 28 | enclosures in the mountains of Germany and Italy to investigate. | 在德国和意大利的山区调查 |
| 29 | There they observed 20 captive | 他们在那里看到20名俘虏 |
| 30 | pure-bred wolves and 13 captive canids that were the result of wolves and dogs crossbreeding in | 纯种狼和13只被俘的狗 狼和狗在其中交织 |
| 31 | wild for two or three generations. | 野生两三代。 |
| 32 | The animals were in small packs of eight and twelve among | 动物们分成八组和十二组 |
| 33 | the pure breeds and three, four and six for the crossbreeds. | 纯种与三,四,六为十字种. |
| 34 | Each wolf was closely observed for | 每个狼都被严密观察 |
| 35 | twenty-two fifteen-minute sessions. | 22场15分钟的比赛 |
| 36 | Yawns were studiously noted, as was the behaviour of other | 对Yawns的录音和对他人的行为也予以注意。 |
| 37 | animals in the enclosure. | 动物在封存。 |
| 38 | The researchers' findings, as reported in Animal Cognition, | 研究人员的研究结果,如动物认知报告, |
| 39 | were striking. | 令人惊讶。 |
| 40 | When pure-bred wolves witnessed a yawn, there was a 41% chance they followed | 当纯种的狼看到打哈欠时, 他们有41%的机会跟着 |
| 41 | suit within two minutes. | 两分钟内穿西装 |
| 42 | Such copy-catting was seen only 24% of the time in the crossbreeds, | 这种抄袭在十字架上只看到24%的时间, |
| 43 | supporting the idea that dogs' shift to copying human yawns, rather than those of their own kind, | 支持狗们转而模仿 人类的哈欠,而不是同类的, |
| 44 | is indeed a genetically evolved phenomenon. | 确实是一种基因演变的现象。 |
| 45 | Doctors Amici and Ciucchi also tested what made | 阿米西医生和秋千医生也测试了 |
| 46 | an individual likely to trigger a contagious yawn. | 可能引发传染性打哈欠的人 |
| 47 | Intriguingly, holding positions of power | 有趣的是,担任有权力的职位 |
| 48 | within a pack did not matter. | 在一个包里并不重要。 |
| 49 | What did was how well connected an animal was. | 动物之间联系很好 |
| 50 | The wolves most | 狼最厉害 |
| 51 | likely to get others' yawning were the socialites of the pack, those who spent time with the widest | 很可能得到别人的打哈欠 是群的社会阶层, 那些花的时间最宽广 |
| 52 | variety of packmates among both the pure-breds and crossbreeds. | 纯种人和跨种人之间有各种各样的混血儿。 |
| 53 | The strength of the relationship | 关系的力量 |
| 54 | between yawner and yawn observer was also found to have no effect in triggering a follow-up yawn. | yawner和yawn观察者之间也被发现对触发后续的hawn没有影响. |
| 55 | That is surprising because in primates, such as chimpanzees and bonobos, the strength of a social | 令人惊讶的是,在灵长类动物中,如黑猩猩和黑猩猩, 一个社会的力量 |
| 56 | bond, for example being close friends or family, is a crucial factor in determining whether one | 例如,作为亲密朋友或家人的债券,是决定一个人是否与家人有密切关系的关键因素。 |
| 57 | yawn follows another. | y蛤帝 |
| 58 | The loss of the contagious yawn in wild populations as a result of interbreeding | 在野生人群中失去传染性打哈欠 |
| 59 | between dogs and wolves may seem trifling, but with her conservationists hat on, Dr Amici worries | 狗和狼之间 可能看起来很苦恼 但带着她的保护者帽子 阿米西博士担心 |
| 60 | that it might end up having adverse consequences. | 可能会带来不良后果 |
| 61 | A range of other subtle behavioral changes | 一系列其他微妙的行为变化 |
| 62 | associated with domestication, as yet unspotted by researchers, may well be migrating into wild | 与驯化相关的研究者尚未发现的,很可能正在向野外迁移。 |
| 63 | wolf populations. | 狼群 狼群 狼群 狼群 |
| 64 | This in turn could easily create a cascade of profound ecological repercussions, | 这反过来又很容易造成一系列深刻的生态影响, |
| 65 | indeed if dog DNA ends up disrupting important elements of wolf biology, such as pack cohesion | 如果狗的DNA最终会破坏狼生物学中的重要元素,比如群聚 |
| 66 | or coordination during hunts, it will ultimately impact the wolves' ability to produce offspring | 或者在狩猎过程中协调 最终会影响狼的繁殖能力 |
| 67 | which survive and reproduce themselves. | 它们生存和繁殖。 |
| 68 | Wolves are one of the most social species on the planet, | 狼是地球上社会上最伟大的物种之一 |
| 69 | it could prove fatal if they were to tire of one another's company. | 如果让对方公司厌倦了 可能会致命的 |
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