与诺奖得主穆纳辛格面对面：人工智能如何守护我们的星球？

发布于 2025-11-07 · 时长 1:24:33

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	OK, while we're waiting for Professor Mohan to come,	好吧,当我们等待莫汉教授来,
0:08	I just wanted to have a show of hands.	我只是想举手
0:10	How many of you know what is the idea	你们有多少人知道是什么想法
0:13	of sustainable development?	可持续发展?
0:17	You know what it is?	你知道这是什么吗?
0:18	OK, I'm going to have a show of hands.	好,我要举手
0:20	How many of you heard about sustainable development	有多少人听说过可持续发展
0:23	when it was first brought up in 1987, in the 1980s?	1987年第一次被提起的时候在1980年代?
0:29	Many of you maybe was not even born, OK?	你们很多人可能还没出生,好吗?
0:32	So how many actually heard of it in 1987	1987年有多少人听说过

展开字幕全文（1531 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	OK, while we're waiting for Professor Mohan to come,	好吧,当我们等待莫汉教授来,
2	I just wanted to have a show of hands.	我只是想举手
3	How many of you know what is the idea	你们有多少人知道是什么想法
4	of sustainable development?	可持续发展?
5	You know what it is?	你知道这是什么吗?
6	OK, I'm going to have a show of hands.	好,我要举手
7	How many of you heard about sustainable development	有多少人听说过可持续发展
8	when it was first brought up in 1987, in the 1980s?	1987年第一次被提起的时候在1980年代?
9	Many of you maybe was not even born, OK?	你们很多人可能还没出生,好吗?
10	So how many actually heard of it in 1987	1987年有多少人听说过
11	when it was first introduced to the world?	当它第一次被介绍到世界?
12	No?	是吗?
13	Maybe OK, one, two.	也许可以,一,二。
14	How many of you heard of it in the 1990s, 1992,	在1990年代,1992年,你们有多少人听说过它,
15	when it was actually formalized at the UN, Rio in 1992?	当1992年在里约联合国正式成立时?
16	So in the early 1990s, when did you	在1990年代初期,你什么时候
17	hear of the idea of sustainable development?	了解可持续发展的想法吗?
18	OK, we've got one.	好吧,我们有一个。
19	When did you actually hear the term sustainable development	你什么时候真正听到可持续发展这个词的?
20	in the late 1990s, 1990s, 2000?	20世纪90年代末,90年代,2000年代?
21	When did you hear this term sustainable development?	你什么时候听到可持续发展这个词的?
22	All right.	好吧,我们走。
23	When did you actually hear about sustainable development	你什么时候真正听到关于可持续发展的
24	in year 2000 to 2010?	2000年到2010年?
25	We're talking about 15 years ago.	我们谈的是15年前的事
26	No?	是吗?
27	OK, a few.	好吧,几个。
28	When did you actually hear sustainable development	你什么时候真正听到可持续发展的声音的?
29	2010 to 2020?	2010年到2020年吗?
30	We're talking about maybe, yeah, maybe about 10 years ago.	我们说的是,也许,是的,也许大约10年前。
31	OK, so now we're getting about a quarter of the group.	好了,现在我们得到了大约四分之一的团体。
32	How many of you heard of the word sustainable development	有多少人听说过可持续发展这个词
33	at SDG goals in the last five years?	过去五年在SDG的比赛中?
34	OK, so we have a few.	好吧,所以我们有一些。
35	All right, and then how many of you	好吧,然后你们有多少人
36	have heard of the 中国的这个生态文明,	听说了吗?
37	this idea of 生态文明?	这个想法?
38	We'll just say, do you know what is 生态文明?	我们只是说,你知道什么是... ?
39	Yes?	是吗?
40	OK, so just show hands.	好,举起手来
41	So yeah, I think, oh, come on, guys.	所以,我想,哦,来吧,伙计们。
42	Surely most of you have heard of 生态文明, I hope.	我希望你们中的大部分人都听说过。
43	All right.	好吧,我们走。
44	Oh, OK, oh, great.	哦,好吧,哦,伟大的。
45	All right, so with that, I'm extremely honored.	好吧,因此,我非常荣幸。
46	Where's Professor Mohan?	莫汉教授呢?
47	I saw him poke his head over.	我看见他戳他的头。
48	All right, please welcome Professor Mohan.	好的,请欢迎莫汉教授
49	So he is a pioneer.	所以他是一个先驱。
50	He is the forefather, well, the creator	他是先父创造者
51	of the site, the concept of sustainable development.	可持续发展的概念。
52	And of course, today, the topic, before I just	当然,今天,这个话题,在我刚刚
53	have a technical thing, can we turn on the webinar?	有技术问题,我们能打开网络吗?
54	Do we have the, just, yeah, sorry.	我们有,只是,是的,对不起。
55	It's on, OK, great.	开着呢好极了
56	So just, OK, bringing together what I think	所以,只是,OK,把我想的集合起来
57	is an extremely important topic, which	这是一个极为重要的议题,
58	is about harnessing AI for sustainable development	关于利用AI促进可持续发展
59	and Earth eco-civilization, China and US.	与地球生态文明,中国和美国.
60	What a topic to talk about.	何等为论.
61	我们很荣幸有Mohan Manasinghe教授
62	with us tonight to talk about this.	今晚跟我们谈谈这个
63	I just wanted to say welcome to the group here.	我只是想对这里的小组表示欢迎。
64	I think we have almost 100 people here tonight.	我想今晚这里有将近100人
65	Thank you for coming tonight.	谢谢你今晚能来
66	And online, we have actually registered over 40, 50 members.	在线上,我们注册了超过40,50个成员。
67	And some of them, I know they woke up at 4 in the morning.	我知道他们早上四点醒来
68	This is California time.	这是加州时间。
69	It's US-Europe time.	美欧时间到了.
70	It's not a very convenient time.	时不甚方便.
71	所以只要用30秒就只能说我是April Sandohoo。
72	I am the chair of the Yale International Alliance.	我是耶鲁国际联盟的主席。
73	We are servicing the entire Yale alumni community	我们为耶鲁的校友服务
74	around the world.	环绕世界.
75	And our goal is to bridge all sectors of the world	我们的目标是把世界各部门都连接起来
76	for a better world.	建立一个更美好的世界。
77	And this series is called Human-Centered AI	这个系列叫做以人为中心的AI
78	for the Global Citizen.	全球公民。
79	And today, the focus is about sustainable development.	今天,重点是可持续发展。
80	And of course, here we have Professor Mohan.	当然,这里有莫汉教授
81	And I'm going to ask you to, I hope	我希望我要请你
82	it's comfortable for you to sit.	你坐着很舒服
83	OK, so all right.	好吧,所以没关系。
84	And so it's going to be about, I believe,	所以,这将是关于,我相信,
85	maybe 20 minutes of presentation.	也许20分钟的演示。
86	And then afterwards, oh, 14 minutes.	然后,哦,14分钟。
87	Yay.	赞
88	Yes, we have an hour and a half.	是的,我们有一个半小时。
89	So we have 14 minutes presentation	所以我们有14分钟的介绍
90	from Professor Mohan.	从教授莫汉。
91	And afterwards, of course, there's	之后,当然,有
92	an opportunity for question and answer,	有机会问答,
93	including to you guys out there in the virtual world.	包括你们在虚拟世界。
94	Just to say at the end, this will	只是说最后,这个会
95	be recorded as a recording distributed in China	记录为在中国境内分发的记录
96	and also on YouTube in the rest of the world.	也出现在世界其他地方的YouTube上.
97	OK, so with that, I'm going to introduce Mohan.	好,这样我介绍莫汉
98	Oh, well, let me, again, myself.	哦,好吧,让我,再次,我自己。
99	I am a Yale-y.	我是耶鲁人
100	All right, let's have a show of hands.	好吧,让我们举手。
101	Who knows what Bulldog, Bow Wow is?	谁知道什么是斗牛犬?
102	Who went to Yale here, from a show of hands?	是谁从举手到耶鲁的?
103	Come on, you guys, Yale-ies.	来吧,你们这些家伙,耶鲁。
104	Who are the Yale-ies here?	谁是耶鲁人?
105	One, two, three?	一、二、三吗?
106	No way, there's only three Yale-ies here?	不可能,这里只有三个耶鲁?
107	No other people are.	没有其他人是。
108	OK, well, welcome, all of you guys.	好的,欢迎你们大家
109	We're all friends here at the Yale Center Beijing.	我们都是北京耶鲁中心的朋友
110	Thank you very much for the team here	谢谢你的团队
111	to host a wonderful gathering for us.	为我们举办一个美妙的聚会
112	So I'm a Yale-y.	所以我是耶鲁人
113	I went to Yale in the last century.	上世纪就读于耶鲁大学.
114	I was an electrical engineer major.	我是电机工程师
115	And even Professor Mohan, he was a teaching professor	连莫汉教授也是教授
116	at Yale at the School of Forestry in the early 2000.	2000年初在耶鲁大学林业学院学习。
117	So of course, thank you for coming to a Yale event.	当然,谢谢你来参加耶鲁大学的活动
118	And I'm just going to quickly, OK, off the top of my head,	我只是要快速,OK, 从我的头顶,
119	I'll try to remember.	我会试着记住的
120	So Professor Mohan is a Nobel laureate	所以莫汉教授是诺贝尔奖得主
121	of the Nobel Peace Prize.	诺贝尔和平奖获得者。
122	And he had co-shared the Peace Prize with Al Gore,	他和戈尔共同分享了和平奖
123	our former, not our, but the former US Vice President Al	我们的前任,不是我们的, 但前美国副总统艾尔
124	Gore.	戈尔
125	And he was the vice president of IPCC,	他是警监会的副主席
126	which is the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change.	政府间气候变化问题小组。
127	And he is right now, he is also a recipient	他现在也是收受者
128	of the Blue Planet Prize, arguably even more valuable	蓝星球奖, 可以说更有价值的
129	than the Nobel laureate, an author of 120 books,	比诺贝尔奖得主、120本书的作者,
130	written over 400 articles.	写了400多篇文章。
131	He is a senior advisor for the Sri Lanka government,	他是斯里兰卡政府的高级顾问,
132	and recently had won for a city in Portugal a Green Energy	最近赢得了葡萄牙一个城市的绿色能源
133	Prize for being a sustainable city.	获得可持续城市奖.
134	So I think what's so valuable is that Professor Mohan comes	所以我觉得莫汉教授来了很有价值
135	with extremely deep academic background,	有着极其深厚的学术背景,
136	but also demonstrating actual implementation of what it	但也证明它的实际执行情况
137	actually means of sustainable development, which of course	可持续发展的实际手段,当然
138	certainly means now using everything we can use for it,	肯定意味着现在利用一切手段
139	including AI.	包括大赦国际。
140	So with that, I'm going to hand over the mic to you.	因此,我要把麦克风交给你。
141	Yes?	是吗?
142	OK, thank you.	好的谢谢
143	Thank you very much, April, for that very generous	非常感谢,四月,非常慷慨
144	introduction.	导言。
145	Of course, it's my privilege and pleasure to address you.	当然,我很荣幸和高兴地向您讲话。
146	I must say that I enjoyed the period I had at Yale,	我必须说,我享受我在耶鲁度过的时光,
147	although it was short as visiting professor.	虽然做客座教授很短
148	I'm sorry, my other family have not been associated with Yale.	抱歉,我另一个家庭和耶鲁没有关系
149	In fact, my daughter went to Harvard,	事实上,我女儿上过哈佛
150	and my granddaughter is at Stanford.	我的孙女在斯坦福
151	So I apologize, because Yale is a very good school.	所以,我道歉,因为耶鲁是一个非常好的学校。
152	Anyway, let me start with a few words in Chinese.	总之,让我先用中文讲几句.
153	í ō ō ō ǒ ǒ OK OK OK OK OK OK OK í ?
154	Old friend for 50 years.	老朋友五十年了,你还不知道吗?
155	So xièxiè, thank you for inviting me.	所以Xixiè,谢谢你邀请我。
156	It's my privilege and pleasure.	这是我的荣幸和荣幸
157	I believe we share one planet, so we must unite	我相信我们共享一个星球所以我们必须团结起来
158	to save it and ourselves.	来拯救我们自己
159	OK, so let's talk about this particular topic.	好吧,我们来谈谈这个话题
160	So I'll speak more about sustainable development first,	所以我首先要多谈可持续发展
161	because I saw the show of hands.	因为我看到举手。
162	We need to understand this concept a little better.	我们需要更好地理解这一概念。
163	So there are many issues that threaten human well-being.	因此,有许多问题威胁着人类的福祉。
164	For example, we have poverty and inequality.	例如,我们有贫穷和不平等。
165	There are like 2 billion people still who are poor.	仍有大约20亿人贫穷。
166	Resource shortages all the time in various parts of the world,	世界各地资源一直短缺,
167	energy, water, food.	能源、水、食物
168	Financial collapse, stock markets	金融崩溃,股票市场
169	collapsing from time to time, so supply chains.	时不时的崩溃,所以供应链。
170	Conflicts are going on.	冲突正在发生。
171	Weak leadership, we'll talk about that a little bit later.	领导不力,待会再谈.
172	But last one, the climate change is the ultimate threat	最后一点,气候变化是终极威胁
173	multiplier, because it makes all the other problems worse.	倍数,因为它使所有其他问题都更糟。
174	Now, these problems we'll see are synergistic in the sense	现在,这些问题,我们会看到协同意义
175	that they make each other worse.	他们使彼此变得更糟。
176	But our responses as a human race, 8 billion people,	但我们作为一个人类的反应 80亿人
177	very uncoordinated.	非常不协调
178	So we must push leaders to take more decisive action.	因此,我们必须推动领导人采取更果断的行动。
179	And I found that people at the middle level,	我发现中间层的人
180	leaders at the middle level, like mayors of cities,	中层领导人,像城市市长,
181	CEOs of companies, and so on, are a lot more	公司的首席执行官,等等, 更多
182	responsive and effective.	反应迅速和有效。
183	National leaders find it very hard to deliver.	国家领导人感到很难兑现。
184	But those at the middle level are delivering,	但那些中层的人正在实现,
185	and we'll talk about that.	我们再谈这个
186	So here are some of the problems,	所以这里有一些问题,
187	just to tell you poverty and hunger.	只是为了告诉你贫穷与饥饿
188	Almost 700 million people still hungry in the world.	世界上仍有近7亿人挨饿。
189	China is an exception.	中国是例外。
190	You raised 900 million people out of poverty	你使9亿人摆脱了贫困
191	in just three decades.	三十年来
192	Phenomenal, right?	现象,对不对?
193	These, at the bottom, you're going,	这些,在底部,你要去,
194	seeing here the planetary boundaries.	看这里的行星边界
195	Yeah, yeah, okay.	是啊,是啊,没关系。
196	There are nine key resources.	有9个关键资源。
197	Of these, six are exceeded.	其中,超过6项.
198	In other words, we are overusing six of those resources,	换句话说,我们过度使用其中的6项资源,
199	and there are two which are particularly dangerous,	有两种是特别危险的,
200	and that is the biodiversity,	这就是生物多样性,
201	and the other one is the climate,	另一面是气候,
202	both of which are way out of control.	两者都失控了
203	Now, resources.	现在,资源。
204	There is a concept called ecological footprint of humanity,	有一个叫做人类生态足迹的概念
205	which is the total resources we need to support human life.	这是我们支持人类生命所需要的全部资源。
206	In around 2010, we needed about one and a half planets	2010年左右,我们需要一个半个星球
207	to support us sustainably, okay?	持续支持我们,好吗?
208	If we continue on the present path, we won't go back.	如果我们继续走现在的道路,我们就不会回去了.
209	Okay, we will need two planets,	好吧,我们需要两个星球,
210	and we don't have two planets, we just have one.	我们没有两颗行星,只有一颗行星
211	So we are overusing our resources very, very badly.	因此,我们过度使用我们的资源非常非常严重。
212	Who is consuming?	谁在消费?
213	85% of the resources are consumed	85%的资源被消耗
214	by the top 20 percentile of the world's population.	以占世界人口20%的最高值计算。
215	That is 60 times more than the poorest percentile, okay?	比最贫穷的百分位数多60倍,好吗?
216	And if you look at the bottom,	如果你看着底部,
217	1% of the rich own more than the other,	1%的富人拥有的比其他人多
218	99% of the world's population.	占世界人口的99%.
219	And equally scandalous statistic,	和同样丑恶的统计数据,
220	global military expenditures are in excess	全球军事支出超过
221	of two trillion dollars,	2万亿美元,
222	but aid for the poor is less than one-tenth.	但是,对穷人的援助不足十分之一。
223	So we are spending 10 times more to destroy	所以我们要花十倍时间去破坏
224	than we are to save people.	而不是为了救人
225	So it's really a sad state of affairs.	因此,这真的是一个可悲的状况。
226	If you put those facts together,	如果你把这些事实集中起来
227	you will see what you read at the bottom,	你将看见你在底部所诵读的经典,
228	that the rich on the planet are using	地球上的富人正在利用
229	more than one planet worth.	不止一个星球
230	So because of that, we have now 75 years	因此,我们现在已有75年了
231	of unmet goals and broken promises.	目标没有实现,承诺没有兑现。
232	Basically, world leaders meeting on a big stage,	基本上,世界领导人在一个大舞台上开会,
233	having a photo op, and making promises, never delivering.	有照片行动, 并做出承诺,从来没有兑现。
234	In 1947, there was the UN Universal Declaration	1947年,《联合国世界宣言》
235	of Human Rights.	增进和保护人权小组委员会
236	It's a very fine document.	这是一个非常好的文件。
237	Two years after I was born, right?	我出生两年了,对吧?
238	So I'm old.	故老'.
239	2015, 17 sustainable development goals,	2015年,17项可持续发展目标,
240	which I saw you raising your hands.	我看见你举起手来
241	You've heard about it.	汝等闻已.
242	Every one of those goals was in the original document,	所有这些目标都在原始文件中,
243	75 years ago or more, right?	75年前或更早,对不对?
244	So we haven't made much progress.	所以我们没有取得多大进展。
245	When I remind world leaders at conferences about this,	当我在会议上提醒世界领导人
246	I'm not very popular, but that is true.	我不太受欢迎,但这是真的。
247	Now, climate change.	现在,气候变化。
248	Three important facts.	三大事实.
249	I worked, as April mentioned,	我的工作,正如四月提到,
250	for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.	政府间气候变化问题小组的报告。
251	The first fact is, it is proven, okay?	第一个事实是,这是证明,好吗?
252	It's not fake news.	这不是假新闻。
253	Tens of thousands of scientists have worked on this	数以万计的科学家在研究这个
254	for three decades now.	三十年来
255	The second, so it is human emissions of carbon dioxide	第二,这就是人类的二氧化碳排放
256	that is causing these changes.	这导致了这些变化。
257	The second one is what we call climate injustice.	第二个是所谓的气候不公正。
258	Why is that?	为什么?
259	Because it's the rich who have put the gases up there,	因为是有钱人把气体放上去的
260	but the impacts will be mostly on the poor, okay?	但影响将主要穷人,好吗?
261	But the hopeful sign is the third point,	但希望的标志是第三点
262	which is if we follow the path of sustainable development,	如果我们走可持续发展的道路,
263	which I will explain to you in a minute,	我将在一分钟内向你们解释,
264	that is the best way to deal with climate change, okay?	这是处理气候变化的最佳办法,好吗?
265	All as an integrated solution, okay?	所有作为一个综合解决方案,好吗?
266	Now, in 1992,	现在,1992年,
267	I proposed a framework called Sustainomics	我提出一个框架,叫做"维持学"
268	and a framework of balanced, inclusive green growth.	以及平衡、包容性绿色增长的框架。
269	By the way, I did not invent sustainable development myself.	顺便说一句,我本人并没有发明可持续发展。
270	That was a bit of hyperbole, April.	有点夸张,艾波莉
271	Thank you very much, I'm flattered.	非常感谢,我受宠若惊
272	There are many, many colleagues,	有很多,许多同事,
273	many others who have worked with me,	很多曾经和我一起工作过的人
274	and we all share, in a sense, the credit for that.	从某种意义上说,我们都拥有这个荣誉。
275	But there are many wonderful scientists	但有很多优秀的科学家
276	who have worked with me on that.	和我合作过的人
277	So I will tell you about this.	所以我会告诉你这一点。
278	This was in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro,	这是1992年在里约热内卢举行的地球问题首脑会议,
279	before some of you were even born, I think.	我想在你们中有些人出生之前
280	But it has been around for more than 30 years,	但它已经绕了30多年
281	and it is the way we can implement	这也是我们可以执行的方法
282	the sustainable development goals, okay?	可持续发展目标,好吗?
283	Oh, okay.	哦,还好。
284	The first thing, a core concept of this	首先,这个核心概念
285	is called the sustainable development triangle.	被称为可持续发展三角。
286	And what we need to do is to harmonize this and to balance.	我们需要做的是协调这一点和平衡。
287	So there are three elements.	所以有三个要素。
288	If you want to raise the poor out of poverty,	如果你想让穷人摆脱贫困
289	you need economic prosperity.	你需要经济繁荣
290	Sustainability does not mean being poor, right?	可持续性并不意味着贫穷,对不对?
291	While you're getting rich,	你发财的时候
292	you have to protect the environment.	你必须保护环境。
293	Don't destroy the environment, which we have been doing.	不要破坏环境,我们一直在这样做。
294	And the third part is you have to be inclusive,	第三部分是你必须包容,
295	empower people, make sure that the benefits are	增强人们的权能,确保惠益
296	shared equitably.	公平地分享。
297	That is the essence of this triangle.	这就是这个三角形的精髓。
298	And the links between the vertices are also important,	椎间的联系也很重要,
299	as we can see in the next.	如我们所见
300	It is also linked to peace,	这也与和平有关,
301	and I'll tell you about that in a little while.	我一会儿再告诉你
302	But if you think of economy as prosperity,	但如果你把经济看作繁荣
303	society, people, and planet as environment,	人类和地球作为环境
304	the three Ps are linked to the fourth P, okay?	三个P和第四个P有关,好吗?
305	One cannot go without the other.	一个不能离开另一个。
306	So this is extremely important to keep in mind.	因此,铭记这一点极为重要。
307	The other fact is the 17 sustainable development goals,	另一个事实是17项可持续发展目标,
308	which I also helped to create,	我也帮助创造了它,
309	are really an unpacked version of the triangle.	是一个三角形的无包装版本。
310	But in a sense, the triangle is easier to remember	但从某种意义上来说,三角形更容易记住
311	in our minds.	在我们的思想中。
312	We can't remember 17 goals, right?	我们记不起17个进球,对吧?
313	But the 17 goals are there.	但17个目标都在那里。
314	Here are the 17 goals.	这是17个目标。
315	I mean, we don't have to go through all of them.	我的意思是,我们不需要通过所有它们。
316	They have poverty and energy and all of those things,	他们有贫穷和精力和所有这些东西,
317	hunger, health, and so on.	饥饿、健康等。
318	Couple of things to remember here.	这里有些事要记住
319	I think it's kind of a last chance for humanity,	我觉得这是人类最后的机会
320	because this is a way we can come out	因为这样我们才能出来
321	of the deep problems we have,	我们的深层问题,
322	because this is a very universal and complete approach.	因为这是一个非常普遍和完整的方法。
323	SDGs并不是一个 cookie-cutter 的方法。
324	Each country will have their own priorities,	每个国家都有自己的优先事项,
325	so we choose, right?	所以,我们选择,对不对?
326	China has a different priority from the US	中国与美国有不同的优先次序
327	or from Sri Lanka, where I come from.	或来自斯里兰卡,我来自那里。
328	But I will also show you that China,	但我也会告诉你,中国,
329	what is known as the BRICS,	被称为金砖国家,
330	which is Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa,	巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非
331	and the Global South are the countries	以及全球南方国家
332	that will lead the way, okay?	那会带路,好吗?
333	I'll show you that,	我会告诉你,
334	and not necessarily the Western countries.	不一定是西方国家
335	There are three kinds of assets associated with the triangle.	与三角形相关的资产有三种.
336	You have what is called built capital.	你拥有所谓的建设资本。
337	This building, the roads, the bridges,	这座建筑,道路,桥梁,
338	all the other things you use to produce and so on.	其它你用来生产的东西等等。
339	That is economic capital.	这是经济资本。
340	Natural capital, air, land, and water, okay?	自然资本,空气,土地和水,好吗?
341	We need that.	我们需要这个
342	And the third one is something called social capital,	第三个是社会资本
343	which is extremely important,	这是非常重要的,
344	and we'll talk about this a little bit.	我们再谈这个
345	It is ignored and undervalued.	它被忽略和低估。
346	It's the glue that binds society together.	正是胶水将社会凝结在一起.
347	These are the culture, the values,	这些是文化,价值,
348	and all the other things that make us a community, okay?	和所有其他的东西使我们成为一个社区,好吗?
349	So social capital is equally important	所以社会资本同样重要
350	to the other two types.	其他两种类型。
351	Just to give you an example,	只是想举个例子
352	in 2004, again, a long time ago,	在2004年,同样,很久以前,
353	there was a famous tsunami,	有一场著名的海啸,
354	which was the most destructive act of nature	这是大自然中最具破坏性的行为
355	in recent human history.	在近代人类历史上
356	We compared two,	我们比较了两个
357	in Sri Lanka, 35,000 people died.	在斯里兰卡,35 000人死亡。
358	So one in 500 people died.	因此,每500人中有一人死亡。
359	Can you imagine?	你能想象吗?
360	Every family was affected, right?	每个家庭都受到影响,对吧?
361	The per capita income was only $1,000,	人均收入只有1 000美元,
362	so relatively poor country.	相当贫穷的国家
363	Everybody said this country will collapse, okay?	大家都说这个国家会崩溃的好吗?
364	But we survived, and I was there.	但我们活下来了,我在那里。
365	It's social capital that helped us	是社会资本帮了我们
366	because the government was totally paralyzed, right?	因为政府完全瘫痪了对吧?
367	For months, for two, three months.	几个月,两三个月。
368	Just ordinary people who went out on the beaches.	只是普通人在海滩上出海
369	There were dead bodies all over.	到处都是尸体
370	They collected them.	他们收集了它们。
371	They helped the people who were homeless,	他们帮助那些无家可归的人,
372	whose homes had been washed away.	他们的家被冲走了。
373	It was just coming together of people,	它只是聚在一起的人,
374	which was remarkable,	这是了不起的,
375	and that is because there was social capital.	这是因为有社会资本。
376	Now, immediately after, in 2005,	现在,紧接着2005年,
377	there was a hurricane in the United States	美国发生飓风
378	called Hurricane Katrina.	飓风卡特里娜。
379	If you read the story on that,	如果你读了这个故事
380	what happened is in this rich society	发生在这个富裕的社会
381	where almost 2,000 people died, which is a tragedy,	近2000人死亡,这是一场悲剧,
382	but it's a very small part of the population.	但它是一个非常小的人口部分。
383	But that city fell apart.	但那个城市却崩溃了
384	There was rape, looting, all of this.	有强奸,抢劫,这一切。
385	They had to bring in the National Guard to restore order.	他们不得不带进国民警卫队恢复秩序。
386	So the social capital just wasn't there.	所以,社会资本只是没有。
387	What this means is that social capital	这意味着社会资本
388	does not belong to the rich or the poor.	不属于富人或穷人。
389	It just happens in a country or not, okay?	它只是发生在一个国家或不发生,好吗?
390	So it's a very important aspect,	所以这是一个非常重要的方面,
391	and we should never lose it through conflict and fighting.	我们不应该因为冲突和战斗而失去它。
392	Okay, the second core concept is also extremely important.	好吧,第二个核心概念也是极其重要的。
393	It's for you and I.	这是给你和我。
394	If you think of sustainable development	如果你想到可持续发展
395	as a mountain peak which is covered with clouds,	象一座山峰,上面布满云彩,
396	you have to climb the mountain,	你必须爬山
397	which is basically we can't see the top,	基本上我们看不到顶部,
398	but we are very patient.	但我们很耐心
399	We take one step at a time,	我们一步一步走
400	and eventually we reach the peak, right?	最终我们到达顶峰对吧?
401	So what it means is you should be empowered.	也就是说你应该被赋予权力
402	You don't say, okay, this is a big thing.	你不说,好吧,这是件大事。
403	My prime minister, my president,	我的首相,我的总统
404	somebody will tell us what to do.	有人会告诉我们该怎么做。
405	No, David, you can do it, right?	不,大卫,你可以做到这一点,对不对?
406	One step at a time when you leave this room,	当你离开这个房间时一步一步
407	you switch off the light.	你关掉灯
408	You can turn off a tap.	你可以关掉水龙头
409	You can plant a tree.	可以种树.
410	Maybe you can eat less meat.	也许你可以少吃点肉
411	Many things you can do.	很多事情你可以做。
412	And you can do it not only at the individual level,	你不仅可以在个人层面做到这一点,
413	you can do it within your company,	你可以在你的公司内做到这一点,
414	within your community, within your campus,	在你的社区, 在你的校园,
415	any one of those things.	任何一样的东西。
416	Here in the corporate sector,	在公司部门
417	you have a special name for it,	你有一个特别的名字,
418	corporate social responsibility,	企业社会责任,
419	also ESG and so on, various names.	还有ESG等,各种名称.
420	But some companies are serious.	但有些公司很认真
421	Other companies are doing what we call the green wash,	其他公司正在做我们所说的绿色洗涤,
422	okay, where she's kind of faking it.	好吧,她是那种假装它。
423	But I believe that business	但我相信那个生意
424	is a very important part of the solution, okay?	解决方案很重要,好吗?
425	It's not necessarily only part of the problem.	这不一定只是问题的一部分.
426	That core concept is in our own minds, okay?	这个核心概念在我们心里,好吗?
427	We have to replace in particular unsustainable values	我们必须特别取代不可持续的价值观。
428	and unethical values.	和不道德的价值观。
429	This is where I'll talk a little bit more about that.	我在这里会多谈一点
430	We have to think in terms of multiple disciplines.	我们必须从多个学科的角度来思考.
431	It's not a question of medicine or law	这不是医学或法律的问题
432	or engineering or whatever.	或工程学或什么的。
433	It's all of the above.	皆如上说.
434	We have to apply all of those	我们必须应用所有这些
435	with transdisciplinary skills, right?	有跨专业技能,对不对?
436	We have to think in terms of global scales,	我们必须从全球范围来考虑,
437	not just our neighborhood.	不只是我们的邻居
438	We have to think in terms of years, decades,	我们必须从岁月、几十年的角度思考
439	sometimes centuries, not just tomorrow.	有时是几个世纪, 不只是明天。
440	And we have to work with many stakeholders.	我们必须与许多利益相关者合作。
441	We'll talk about that also, not just ourselves.	我们还会谈这个的不只是我们自己
442	So the first thing of course is the unsustainable values,	因此,第一件事当然是不可持续的价值,
443	which is very important, especially among the youth.	这一点非常重要,特别是在青年中。
444	We'll see in a minute.	我们一会儿再看
445	Part of the problem is that we have	问题的一部分是,我们有
446	a unsustainable triangle at the present time.	目前是一个不可持续的三角形。
447	The world is, in my view,	在我看来,这个世界
448	and sorry, I sound like a preacher.	抱歉我听起来像个传教士
449	We are running on values like greed, selfishness.	我们在追求贪婪、自私等价值观。
450	If you remember that famous movie	如果你记得那部著名电影
451	where a man called Gecko said greed is good, right?	一个叫盖科的人说贪婪是好的对吧?
452	So corruption, violence,	所以腐败,暴力,
453	these are the values that are more dominant, right?	这些是更占主导地位的价值观,对吧?
454	So what has happened?	发生了什么事?
455	That has led to, sorry, oops,	这导致了,对不起,ops,
456	that has led to a model of economic male development.	这导致了一种男性经济发展模式。
457	It's not development, it's male development, why?	这不是发展,而是男性的发展,为什么?
458	Because everything is based on debt.	因为一切都建立在债务之上。
459	There is extremes of overconsumption by the rich	富人过度消费是极端的
460	and there's shattering poverty at the other end.	而另一端的贫困正在崩溃
461	Just imagine, you see, our grandparents, we are fortunate,	想象一下我们的祖父母我们很幸运
462	they saved a lot, okay?	他们救了很多,好吗?
463	They planted trees, they did so many things,	他们种树, 他们做了很多事情,
464	and we benefited from it.	我们从中获益。
465	But in our generation, we have learned something else.	但在我们这一代,我们学到了其他东西。
466	We have learned that it is easier to borrow than to save.	我们了解到,借款比储蓄容易。
467	So we are borrowing, credit card, this, that, and the other.	所以我们是借款,信用卡,这个,那个,以及另一个。
468	But we are borrowing from the future generations.	但我们是在向后代借款。
469	US, currently $37 trillion and still rising.	美国,目前为37万亿美元,仍在上升。
470	Who is going to pay that debt?	谁来还债?
471	So that is a tragic situation	所以,这是一个悲惨的情况
472	and that has created also environmental debt	也造成了环境债务
473	because, as I said, we are using up our ecological resources	因为,正如我所说,我们正在耗尽我们的生态资源
474	so there's a lot of pollution, including climate change,	所以有很多污染包括气候变化
475	resource degradation, and so on and so forth.	资源退化,等等。
476	And remember, the cycle is closed.	记住,循环是关闭的。
477	The fewer resources there are,	资源越少,
478	the more people fight over them.	更多的人为了他们而战。
479	All this talk about countries' virtuous motives,	所有这些谈论国家的良性动机,
480	saying, oh, the human rights and so many things,	说,哦,人权和这么多的事情,
481	we are intervening to save these people, it's all rubbish.	我们为了救这些人而介入这都是垃圾
482	All the wars are fought on natural resources.	所有战争都是在自然资源上进行的。
483	Invariably, to take over somebody's land,	为了占领别人的土地
484	to take over somebody's oil, to take over somebody's water,	接管别人的石油接管别人的水
485	it's all on resources, okay?	这一切都是资源,好吗?
486	So it's driven by greed,	故为贪欲所驱.
487	and therefore the sustainable development space	可持续发展空间
488	is shrinking all the time, okay?	一直在缩小,好吗?
489	It's called the unsustainable triangle.	这被称为不可持续的三角形.
490	We have to change it, starting with unethical values,	我们必须改变它, 从不道德的价值观开始,
491	starting with the very young people.	从年轻人开始
492	Then, I talked to about many disciplines.	然后,我谈了很多学科。
493	I don't have to tell you	我不必告诉你
494	that sustainable development issues are many, okay?	可持续发展问题很多,好吗?
495	The disciplines all the way from philosophy to law,	从哲学到法律
496	economics, medicine, engineering, natural science,	经济学、医学、工程学、自然科学
497	all of those disciplines are needed, okay?	所有这些学科都是需要的,好吗?
498	This is not an easy ask.	这不是一个简单的问题。
499	When I did my PhD a very long time ago,	很久以前我做博士的时候
500	my supervisor said, at the end of the day,	我的主管说,最后,
501	you have to show us that you are	你必须告诉我们你是
502	at the cutting edge of this topic.	处于这个话题的前沿
503	Okay, it was a topic in physics.	好吧,这是一个物理主题。
504	Then, I will give you your PhD.	那我给你博士学位
505	My students today, I tell them the same thing,	今天我的学生,我告诉他们同样的事情,
506	but more.	更难说
507	I say you have to also know	我说你也要知道
508	a little bit about the other subjects.	略论其他科目.
509	It's a tough ask.	难问.
510	They have to be experts in their subject,	他们必须是专家他们的主题,
511	but they have to know also a little bit	但他们也必须知道一点
512	about the other disciplines.	关于其他学科。
513	Okay, you can't go with tunnel vision.	好吧,你不能走隧道的视线。
514	That's how the world has changed.	世间如是变化.
515	This one is the stakeholder triangle	这个是利益攸关的三角形
516	because increasingly, governments are less and less capable	因为政府的能力越来越弱
517	to deal with all these complex problems.	处理所有这些复杂问题。
518	So, we have to have civil society, you and I,	所以,我们必须有公民社会,你和我,
519	as well as business, pushing governments sometimes	以及企业,有时推动政府
520	to do the right thing.	来做正确的事情。
521	We have to work with them.	我们必须与他们合作。
522	Otherwise, the problems won't be solved,	否则问题就解决不了了
523	jumping two at a time.	一次跳两个
524	Right.	对
525	Fourth one is very simple.	第四件很简单
526	It simply says implement, implement, implement	它只是说执行,执行,执行
527	because I have also proposed many theories	因为我也提出了许多理论
528	which are lying on the shelf, okay, gathering dust.	他们躺在货架上收集灰尘
529	So, it's very important to implement and do things	所以,执行和做事情是非常重要的
530	and be very active.	并且非常活跃。
531	Just learning from history,	刚刚学习历史,
532	there have been many, many history civilizations	曾经有许多历史文明
533	which have lasted millennia, thousands of years.	已经持续了几千年,数千年。
534	The Han civilization, Chinese, the ones in India,	汉族文明,中国人,印度人
535	Mesopotamia, Roman Empire, and so on.	美索不达米亚,罗马帝国等.
536	Why did they decline?	为什么他们拒绝?
537	There were two main reasons.	有两个主要原因。
538	One is overconsumption of resources, okay?	一是过度消耗资源,好吗?
539	They became so rich and so big that they had overconsumed,	他们变得如此富有如此庞大他们过度消费,
540	mainly agricultural resources.	主要为农业资源.
541	So, they were separating from the planet,	因此,他们从地球分离出来,
542	which we are doing now, right?	我们现在在做什么,对不对?
543	The second one is socioeconomic division	第二个是社会经济分裂
544	because inequalities, the rulers became very rich	因为不平等,统治者变得非常富有
545	and there were a huge number of poor people	那里有很多穷人
546	which caused revolutions.	这导致了革命。
547	So, the second one is separation from people.	因此,第二个是脱离人.
548	So, those two separations which are still with us	那两段离别还和我们在一起
549	are very important factors to keep in mind.	这些都是需要记住的非常重要的因素。
550	Now, we talk about this balanced inclusive green growth.	现在,我们谈谈这种平衡的包容性绿色增长。
551	This is a path to sustainable development.	这是实现可持续发展的途径。
552	See, the triangle is a static concept.	看,三角形是一个静态的概念.
553	This is a path.	这是一条道路。
554	And I will tell you why this path was devised	我会告诉你为什么这条路被设计出来
555	because 1992, we had this Rio Earth Summit	因为1992年,我们举行了里约地球峰会
556	and there were a number of important agreements	还有一些重要的协议
557	among countries.	(a) 国家间的技术合作。
558	There was something called Agenda 21.	曾有"21世纪议程"之称.
559	There was a UN Framework Convention on Climate Change	有《联合国气候变化框架公约》
560	which is still operating and so on and so forth.	仍然在运作,等等。
561	So, there was a lot of euphoria.	所以,有很多的喜悦。
562	I mean, I was much younger at the time.	我当时还年轻得多
563	We all thought, oh, all our problems are solved.	我们都认为我们的问题都解决了
564	But really, it was only on paper.	但实际上,它只是纸上。
565	There were a lot of hidden issues.	有很多隐藏的问题
566	The three issues, it was very difficult.	这三个问题非常困难。
567	They have the triangle to harmonize the three	他们有三角形来协调三个
568	is extremely difficult.	很难
569	It's not easy, right?	这不容易,对不对?
570	I don't know how many of you have done physics,	我不知道你们有多少人做过物理研究
571	but there is a problem which I learned	但有一个问题,我学到
572	as an undergraduate called the three-body problem,	作为本科生所谓的三体问题,
573	which is that in Newtonian physics,	在牛顿物理学中
574	if you have two bodies, you can calculate exactly	如果你有两具尸体你可以精确计算
575	how the orbits go.	如何轨道去。
576	If you bring in a third body, it's chaos.	若带入第三身是乱.
577	You cannot calculate exactly.	你无法准确计算。
578	It's like having a happy couple,	这就像一个快乐的夫妇,
579	but if a third part, another lover comes in,	但是如果第三段,另一个情人来了,
580	oh, it's totally chaotic, right?	哦,这是完全混乱的,对不对?
581	So, we had to solve that problem.	所以,我们必须解决这个问题。
582	Now, what do you have here?	你这里有什么?
583	If you plot environmental risk,	如果你策划环境风险,
584	let's say greenhouse gas emissions per capita vertically,	假设温室气体的人均垂直排放量,
585	development level per capita income horizontally.	横向人均收入水平。
586	So, if you're a poor country, you're at point A,	所以,如果你是一个贫穷的国家, 你在A点,
587	which means that you are low emissions,	也就是说,你的排放量很低,
588	but also you're not very rich.	但你也不是很有钱
589	If you're a rich country, you're at C,	如果你是一个富裕的国家, 你在C,
590	which means you are high GDP per capita,	也就是说你人均国内生产总值很高
591	but you are emitting above the safe limit,	但你们所排放的,确是超过安全限度的。
592	which we know.	我们知道
593	Most countries are in the middle, right?	大多数国家都处于中间,对吧?
594	对,B
595	So, this was the kind of, the triangle is not working here.	所以,这是那种,三角形在这里不起作用。
596	Okay, it's not harmonized.	好吧,这是不协调的。
597	Now, how did we move forward?	现在,我们如何前进?
598	The first thing we did is we said,	我们做的第一件事就是说,
599	okay, if we can't do three at a time, let's take two.	好吧,如果我们不能一次做三个, 让我们采取两个。
600	So, this post-1992 approach was to go with economy	因此,1992年后的方针是与经济
601	and environment, just two.	以及环境,只有两个。
602	And how did we do that?	我们怎么做到的?
603	This is called the win-win solution or green growth.	这被称为双赢解决方案或绿色增长.
604	What does it mean?	这是什么意思?
605	If you find a way to reduce resource consumption,	如果你找到减少资源消耗的方法
606	let's say energy conservation or something like this,	比如说节能之类的
607	then what happens?	然后会发生什么?
608	Less emissions, so you have, it's better for the environment,	减少排放,所以你有, 这对环境更好,
609	but also higher profits,	但利润更高,
610	because you don't have to spend so much on energy,	因为你不用花那么多精力
611	so your profits go up.	所以,你的利润上升。
612	That's a win-win solution.	这是双赢的解决办法。
613	That is called green growth.	这就是所谓的绿色增长。
614	And now, but the important thing to remember	现在,但重要的是要记住
615	is that there are two different parts involved.	涉及两个不同的部分。
616	From the top, the rich countries that are up here,	从顶部,富裕国家在这里,
617	they have to come down.	他们必须下来。
618	And we have the technologies to do that.	我们有技术可以做到这一点。
619	They do not have to give up a comfortable lifestyle.	他们不必放弃舒适的生活方式。
620	So, being sustainable does not mean being poor.	因此,可持续并不意味着贫穷。
621	For the countries in the middle,	对于中间的国家,
622	it's a very different path.	这是一个非常不同的路径。
623	They don't follow the wasteful path of the rich	他们不走富人浪费的路
624	over the last 200 years.	过去200年
625	They find something called the green growth tunnel,	他们找到一个叫绿色增长隧道的东西
626	again using modern technologies.	重新使用现代技术。
627	And AI and digital technology is part of that.	人工智能和数字技术也是其中的一部分。
628	So that is the solution we found	这就是我们找到的解决办法
629	more than almost 30 years ago.	将近30多年前
630	And then the third part of the solution is this,	然后,解决方案的第三部分是,
631	that we bring in social.	我们带来了社交。
632	So we find pro-poor inclusive parts	因此,我们发现扶贫的包容性部分
633	so that the three sides of the triangle,	使三角形的三边,
634	the three elements are complete.	这三个要素是完整的。
635	And we did that.	我们做到了。
636	那是B -I
637	which harmonizes the full triangle.	它协调了整个三角形。
638	Now let's talk about some examples.	现在让我们谈谈一些例子。
639	You see, if you look at food consumption and food security	你看,如果你看粮食消费和粮食安全
640	in the affluent, in Western countries,	在富裕的西方国家,
641	there's a lot of food waste.	食物浪费很多
642	In the U.S. some time ago, maybe 10 years ago,	不久前,在美国,也许十年前,
643	50% of the food that came into the house was thrown away.	进屋的50%的食物被扔掉.
644	Now I think it's a little bit better	现在我觉得好多了
645	because people are more hard up,	因为人们更辛苦,
646	but there's a lot of food waste.	但食物浪费很多
647	So these are the people at the top.	所以这些是顶端的人。
648	This is the European family.	这是欧洲家庭。
649	I mean, they can do with less packaging and less waste.	我的意思是,他们可以做少包装和浪费。
650	Still maintain the same life.	仍然保持同样的生活。
651	We are not asking them to be hungry.	我们不是要他们挨饿。
652	So that is what coming down from the top you can see, right?	所以,这就是从顶部下来你可以看到,对不对?
653	Food for a week for the poor family in the Sahel region.	为萨赫勒地区的贫困家庭提供为期一周的食物。
654	That is an entirely different story.	这是一个完全不同的故事。
655	You can't go to a starving person and say,	你不能去一个饥饿的人说,
656	by the way, there's not enough food.	顺便说一句,食物不足
657	You have to tighten your belt.	你得系紧腰带
658	No, you allow them to increase their consumption,	不你允许他们增加消费
659	but on the tunnel, okay?	但是在隧道,好吗?
660	Not to go up the wasteful part.	不要去上浪费的部分。
661	So that's a different part of the curve.	所以这是曲线的另一部分。
662	It's different strokes for different folks, so to speak.	对于不同的人来说,这是不同的中风,所以可以说.
663	And there are so many things.	还有很多事情
664	我创立了一个叫Susteno Musica的组织
665	是Facebook之类的东西
666	This was in 2012,	这是在2012年,
667	which was 20 years after the 1992 summit.	在1992年首脑会议之后的20年里
668	There was another Rio summit, which was called Rio Plus 20.	另有一次里约峰会,名为里约加20.
669	And at some stage we got tired of listening	在某个阶段我们厌倦了听
670	to world leaders again making promises.	对世界领导人再次作出承诺。
671	Everybody went to the beach.	每个人都去了海滩。
672	There's a group of musicians.	有乐师群.
673	We just said we will create the music of sustainability.	我们刚才说,我们将创造可持续性的音乐。
674	And the theory is this.	理论是这样的。
675	You appeal to the heart, not necessarily to the brain.	你对心脏有吸引力, 不一定对大脑。
676	Because this kind of speech reaches, what?	因为这种演讲会达到什么程度?
677	0.0001% of the world's population.	占世界人口的0.0001%.
678	But if you go to a musical array or something like this,	但是,如果你去一个音乐阵列或类似的东西,
679	there are millions of people.	有数百万人。
680	So through this process, we are trying to reach,	因此,通过这一进程,我们正在试图达到:
681	take the message of sustainability	接受可持续性的信息
682	using social media and so on.	使用社交媒体等.
683	And of course, now with the producers and industry,	当然,现在与生产商和业界,
684	I go and talk to CEOs, boards of multinationals.	我去跟CEO谈谈跨国公司的董事会
685	These are some of the biggest,	这些是最大的
686	these are these super multinationals.	这些是超级跨国公司。
687	BASF is for chemicals, supermarkets, oil and gas,	BASF用于化工,超市,石油和天然气,
688	plantations, biotech mining.	种植园,生物技术开采.
689	Even two companies in China.	乃至中国两家公司.
690	You can see Huawei and JA Solar.	你可以看到华伟和JA太阳。
691	So what is the three key points?	三个关键点是什么?
692	One is all of these leaders of these companies	其中一个就是这些公司的领导者
693	agreed that sustainability and so on	同意可持续性等
694	and something called triple bottom line	和三重底线
695	is the wave of the future, okay?	未来的浪潮,好吗?
696	Resource efficiency they love.	他们喜欢的资源效率。
697	I told you it's win-win for them.	我告诉你,这是双赢他们。
698	They use save-on resources, you increase your profits.	他们用节省的资源, 你增加你的利润。
699	Great way to start.	不错的开始方式。
700	But we agreed ethical values.	但我们同意道德价值观。
701	And this is why I work in China with PRME,	这就是为什么我在中国与PRME合作,
702	which is the UN organization,	这是联合国组织,
703	which is trying to introduce ethical values	试图引入道德价值观
704	into business schools.	进入商学院。
705	There's a whole group of business schools in China.	中国一整批商学院.
706	And it's very hard,	这很难,
707	but I think you have to start with children, okay?	但我认为你必须从孩子开始,好吗?
708	But it's worth if you can get there.	但是如果你能到那里,这是值得的。
709	That's the long term.	即是长远.
710	Just a very quick example.	只是一个非常简单的例子。
711	What are the methods?	这些方法是什么?
712	I mean, these all sound very fancy,	我的意思是,这些声音非常花哨,
713	but I'll tell you that we actually do it.	但我会告诉你我们真的做到了。
714	I give this kind of advice.	我给这种建议。
715	Now in Sri Lanka, we are famous for our tea, right?	现在在斯里兰卡我们的茶很出名对吧?
716	So I gave some advice to the tea industry.	所以我给了茶业一些建议.
717	That is, we did something called life cycle analysis.	也就是说,我们做了一些叫做生命周期分析。
718	Some of you may know this.	你们有些人可能知道这个
719	We analyze a product from the start to the end.	我们从头到尾分析一种产品。
720	Now for tea, it is raw material production	现在茶是原料生产
721	is planting the tea, all that.	是种茶,所有这一切。
722	Then you have manufacturing that there's a factory,	然后你制造了一个工厂
723	and then you have transportation,	然后你有交通工具,
724	then you have retail, you put it in a shop,	然后你有零售, 你把它放在商店,
725	then the consumer buys it,	然后消费者购买它,
726	and then you have the disposal, right?	然后你有处置,对不对?
727	Now in this chain, if you analyze the data,	现在在这个链中,如果你分析数据,
728	you can see this is analysis just for carbon dioxide,	你可以看到,这只是分析二氧化碳,
729	just for one emit.	就为了一个
730	Where is the most emissions happening?	排放最多的是哪里?
731	And you can see it's in the retail.	你可以看到它在零售。
732	The reason is why?	为什么?
733	Because of the packaging.	因为包装。
734	A little tea bag has a lot of cellophane	一个小茶袋有很多大提琴
735	and all to make it pretty,	为了让它漂亮,
736	and that is a huge use of carbon.	这是碳的大量使用。
737	So we told the producers,	我们告诉制片人
738	and a lot of tea producers now have much less packaging.	现在许多茶叶生产商的包装要少得多。
739	So this is called hotspot analysis,	这就是所谓的热点分析,
740	and it's win-win,	这是双赢的
741	because they are reducing their energy use,	因为他们正在减少能源的使用,
742	they are reducing their emissions,	他们正在减少排放,
743	and they are reducing their costs at the same time.	他们同时也在降低成本。
744	That's a win-win outcome.	这是双赢的结果。
745	Doing a very basic analysis.	做一个非常基本的分析。
746	There are computer programs and so on that do it,	有电脑程序等等,
747	and some of my staff are very adept	我的一些手下很聪明
748	at this kind of analysis.	在这种分析。
749	Now just a slightly different one.	现在只是有点不同
750	This is orange juice that is produced in Brazil	这是巴西生产的橙汁
751	and taken to UK in huge container ships.	乘着巨大的集装箱船去英国
752	There, the hotspot, the most amount of emissions	那里,热点,排放量最多
753	is in the transport,	在运输,
754	because you have to take it across the sea.	因为你必须把它带过大海
755	So by improving the efficiency of transport,	因此通过提高运输效率,
756	you can reduce the carbon footprint	你可以减少碳足迹
757	of the orange juice that is drunk in England, okay?	在英国喝的橙汁,好吗?
758	And here's the third part.	则此三段.
759	Just milk, I'll show you this.	牛奶,我给你看这个
760	In the UK, when we did analysis of farms,	在英国,当我们分析农场时,
761	76% of emissions happened in the farm.	76%的排放量发生在农场。
762	So you have to educate the farmers first.	所以你得先教育农民
763	If you tell them, don't do this, you do that,	如果你告诉他们,不要这样做,你这样做,
764	you can bring down the emissions.	你可以减少排放。
765	So these are all win-win solutions.	所以这些都是双赢的解决办法。
766	And eventually you have sustainable consumers	最终你有可持续的消费者
767	and you have sustainable producers.	你拥有可持续的生产者。
768	The problem here is, of course,	这里的问题是,当然,
769	many consumers come to me and say,	很多消费者来找我说
770	where are the products that are sustainable?	可持续产品在哪里?
771	Everything I see is very wasteful.	我看到的一切都是浪费
772	Advertising, they tell you,	广告,他们告诉你,
773	buy a bigger toothpaste tube, not a small one.	买一个更大的牙膏管,不是小的。
774	It's just producers are telling me something different.	只是制片人告诉我不同的东西
775	They're saying, where are the consumers?	他们说消费者在哪里?
776	I made a sustainable product, nobody's buying it.	我做了一个可持续的产品, 没有人买它。
777	So you have to create a cycle.	所以你必须创造循环。
778	And eventually this cycle will spread through society	最终这个循环会传播到社会
779	and you get a sustainable society.	你得到一个可持续的社会。
780	Everybody has to work at it.	每个人都得努力
781	Now, I've noticed that for traditional markets	我注意到对于传统市场来说
782	like organic markets and all that,	像有机市场等等,
783	old people like me go for that with a reusable bag.	像我这样的老人会用一个可重用的袋子来买这个
784	Youth going for online markets.	青年走向在线市场.
785	So you have to have online products that are sustainable	因此,你必须有在线产品是可持续的
786	and you have to have proper labeling,	你必须有正确的标签,
787	equal labeling and so on.	等标签等等。
788	But this is also a way to move forward.	但是,这也是向前迈进的一种方式。
789	Now, AI, digital technology.	现在,AI,数字技术。
790	Like any other revolutionary technology,	和其他革命技术一样
791	it has gains as well as risks.	它既有收益也有风险。
792	I mean, these slides, I'll make them available to you	我的意思是,这些幻灯片,我会提供给你
793	so that you can look at it in greater detail	以便你更详细地审视
794	because I'm running through it	因为我正在经历
795	because of the time constraint.	因为时间限制。
796	First, economic gains, very clear.	第一,经济收益,非常清楚。
797	You have more productivity, more growth,	你有更大的生产力,更多的成长,
798	more variety of goods and services and so on, okay?	更多种类的商品和服务等等,好吗?
799	But there is a widening gap between rich and poor.	但是,贫富之间的差距正在扩大。
800	Okay, it's called the digital divide.	好吧,这就是所谓的数字鸿沟。
801	Of course, the rich people and their kids	当然,有钱人和他们的孩子
802	have more access to these.	有更多机会使用这些工具。
803	Greater risk of macroeconomic instability.	宏观经济不稳定的风险更大。
804	A lot of the problems with international markets	国际市场的许多问题
805	is that they are controlled now by AIs and other things.	他们现在被人工智能和其它东西控制
806	The moment the market hits a certain point,	当市场达到某一点时,
807	the AI triggers and trillions of dollars	人工智能触发器和数万亿美元
808	are pulled out of the stock market overnight.	连夜退出股票市场
809	It's not like the old days	跟以前不一样
810	where you had traders doing this.	你让商人做这个
811	It's done instantaneously.	即时修行.
812	So this is very destabilizing	所以,这是非常不稳定的
813	and nobody knows how to manage this.	没人知道怎么处理这件事
814	And of course, more competition and risk for firms,	当然,更多的竞争和风险对于公司,
815	also for people, even for students.	也为人,甚至为学生.
816	If you don't know how to use AI properly,	如果你不知道如何正确使用AI,
817	you won't get as good a grade as your neighbor.	你不会像你邻居一样好
818	Environmental gains, more efficient production.	环境收益,提高生产效率.
819	Of course, you save on resources, okay?	当然,你节省的资源,好吗?
820	Look at digital technology and transport.	央视数字科技与交通.
821	Instead of going, instead of coming all the way here to China,	而不是远道而来中国
822	which I love doing,	我喜欢做这些
823	I could have given you this lecture from my home in Sri Lanka,	我本可以在斯里兰卡的家给你讲课
824	which is much warmer, by the way.	顺便说一句,它更温暖。
825	But I am happy to be here anyway.	但我还是很高兴能来
826	But it's resource saving, right?	但这是节约资源,对不对?
827	Digital technology.	数字技术.
828	Improved technology for pollution management, certainly.	当然,污染管理技术也得到了改进。
829	And AI improves all of that.	AI改进了这一切。
830	Environmental risks, okay.	环境风险,好吧。
831	This is an old problem	这是一个老问题
832	that every time you have an improvement in efficiency,	每当你提高效率的时候,
833	consumption goes up at the same time.	消费同时增加。
834	So there is no reduction in resource use	所以资源使用量没有减少
835	because it's more efficient,	因为它更有效率,
836	more people start buying and using it.	更多的人开始购买和使用它。
837	So there is an effect of scale,	所以有规模效应,
838	which then there's hardware,	然后是硬件,
839	there's the problem of e-waste.	还有电子垃圾的问题
840	People use a phone, couple of years, they throw it away.	人们用电话,几年后就扔掉了
841	Where does it go?	它会去哪儿?
842	Same thing with computers, other things.	电脑和其他东西都一样
843	It's a huge problem.	这是一个巨大的问题。
844	And the last, there's a huge increase in energy demand	最后,能源需求大增
845	from servers and other things,	从服务器和其他东西,
846	particularly for large language models used in AI.	特别是大赦国际使用的大型语言模型。
847	Okay, so these are creating environmental problems.	好吧,所以这些正在造成环境问题。
848	Social, more employment and income,	社会、就业和收入增加;
849	especially jobs and so on.	特别是工作之类的
850	But an increased participation and empowerment	但增加参与和增强权能
851	because social media have actually empowered	因为社交媒体实际上赋予了
852	a lot of people who are otherwise marginalized.	很多人都被边缘化了
853	And of course, greater access to information,	当然,更多的信息获取,
854	also misinformation.	还有错误信息。
855	Okay, be aware.	好吧,记住。
856	So the social risk, there is exclusion also possible	所以社会风险也有可能被排除在外
857	that only the rich have access to this.	只有富人才能接触到这个
858	Digital technology and AI can be used	可使用数字技术和AI
859	for destructive purposes, okay?	为了破坏目的,好吗?
860	AI now is increasingly used for weapons platforms	AI现在越来越多地用于武器平台
861	and other things,	其他东西,
862	which is unforeseen before, was unforeseen.	这之前是没有预料到的之前是没有预料到的
863	And it also is not too good for indigenous knowledge	这对土著知识也不好
864	because what is happening is what was before	因为现在发生的事情就是以前
865	with traditional communities.	与传统社区。
866	That knowledge is getting lost because it's not codified.	这种知识因为没有编纂而逐渐消失.
867	It is not stored on computers.	它不储存在计算机上。
868	That is a sad thing.	这是一件可悲的事。
869	We must, even languages are disappearing.	我们必须,甚至语言都在消失。
870	Right, now, this is also application of AI	现在,这也是应用AI
871	and digital technology.	和数字技术。
872	The best way to go now is in cities, okay?	现在最好的办法是在城市,好吗?
873	Because the world of urban population is growing very fast.	因为城市人口的世界增长非常快.
874	There is increasing damage,	损害越来越大
875	economic, social and environmental.	经济、社会和环境。
876	There's a whole list of things there.	那里有一大堆东西
877	I won't go through that.	我不会去经历。
878	So there is an advantage to focus on cities.	所以关注城市是有好处的。
879	Cities are easier to manage than countries, right?	城市比国家更容易管理,对吧?
880	So why?	为什么?
881	Because the mayors and CEOs,	因为市长和首席执行官
882	they are closer to their people	他们离自己的人民更近
883	rather than a president or prime minister.	而不是总统或总理。
884	So they can promise, they can deliver, right?	这样他们就可以保证, 他们可以交付,对不对?
885	If they are good.	如果他们是好的。
886	They concentrate people and pollution in smaller areas	它们把人和污染集中在较小的地区
887	so change can happen faster, good change.	所以改变可以更快地发生,好的改变.
888	And returns are very visible.	且归来甚可见.
889	In other words, enable smart management	换句话说,实现智能管理
890	of say energy, transport,	能源,运输,
891	so you don't have traffic jams and so on,	所以你没有堵车等等,
892	other things, and water and so on.	其他东西,和水等等。
893	Waste.	废物
894	So all of these benefits,	所以所有这些好处,
895	digital platforms support efficient resource use,	数字平台支持有效利用资源,
896	livable green spaces, smart power grids,	宜居绿地智能电网
897	green smart transport and so on and so forth, right?	绿色的智能交通等等,对不对?
898	Yeah, I'll skip this part because basically,	是的,我会跳过这个部分因为基本上,
899	again emphasizing that you have	再次强调你已
900	smart, sustainable systems which are entirely based	完全基于智能、可持续的系统
901	or dependent on digital and AI-based platforms.	或依赖基于数字和AI的平台。
902	This will help us start to jumpstart the SDG revolution, okay?	这将帮助我们开始跳跃启动SDG革命,好吗?
903	Now, just as an example of a national level,	现在,作为国家一级的例子,
904	in 2019, I wrote a report for the president of Sri Lanka.	2019年,我为斯里兰卡总统写了一份报告.
905	We had an expert committee	我们有一个专家委员会
906	and these are all the topics we covered.	这些是我们讨论的所有议题。
907	I just showed you that we looked at every aspect,	我只是告诉你,我们看每一个方面,
908	agriculture, education, energy, health, all that,	农业、教育、能源、卫生等等
909	and many cross-cutting issues.	以及许多贯穿各领域的问题。
910	We asked what is it to be a citizen of this country, okay?	我们问为什么是这个国家的公民,好吗?
911	What about harmony among people?	人与人之间的和谐呢?
912	We asked young people to write a chapter.	我们请年轻人写一章。
913	What is the youth perspective?	青年的观点是什么?
914	Which is very different from my perspective.	这和我的观点完全不同
915	So all of these things we looked at	所以所有这些东西,我们看
916	because sustainability is a very comprehensive topic, right?	因为可持续性是一个非常全面的主题,对吧?
917	And this is just to show you that it has been done	这只是为了向大家展示它已经完成了
918	for a country as well, okay?	为了一个国家,好吗?
919	Now, China, a whole region of China,	现在,中国,整个中国地区,
920	I take the Yangtze Delta,	我走长江三角洲
921	240 million people in 4% of the land area of China,	中国土地面积的4%为2.4亿人,
922	major cities, mega cities, okay,	大城市,巨型城市,好吗,
923	of Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and so on,	上海,南京,杭州,苏州等地,
924	generates 25% of the GDP.	占国内生产总值的25%。
925	That is more than the GDP of Japan,	这超过了日本的GDP,
926	more than the GDP of Germany, right?	比德国的GDP还多,对吧?
927	In the past 100 years,	在过去的100年里,
928	it showed completely the transition	它完全显示了过渡
929	of balanced inclusive green growth,	平衡的包容性绿色增长,
930	the sustainable development transition.	可持续发展过渡。
931	How?	怎么会?
932	Before 1950, it was subsistence agriculture, okay?	1950年以前,是自给农业,好吗?
933	So low pollution, but very low income, right?	污染程度很低,但收入很低,对吧?
934	1950 to 2000, more intensive agriculture	1950年至2000年,加强农业
935	and heavy industrialization.	和沉重的工业化。
936	But there was prosperity, but the pollution levels,	但那里很繁荣但污染水平
937	everything, the environmental indicators went down.	一切,环境指标下降。
938	But after 2000, again, because of government policies	但是在2000年之后又是因为政府的政策
939	and so on, the prosperity kept going up,	繁荣不断,
940	socioeconomic gains,	社会经济收益,
941	but the ecological indicators also started picking up.	但生态指数也开始上升
942	So that is balanced inclusive green growth.	因此,这就是平衡的包容性绿色增长。
943	And I'll show you just one graph which describes this.	我给你们看一个图表来描述这一点。
944	On the left side is that theoretical graph I showed you,	左边是我给你看的理论图
945	okay, you have the tunnel, the green tunnel,	好吧,你有隧道,绿色隧道,
946	and avoiding the western part.	和避开西部。
947	Now, if you look at what we measured in the delta,	现在,如果你看看我们在三角洲测量,
948	on the right-hand side, it's exactly that.	右手边的就是这个
949	Up to 2000, it went sharply up	到2000年,它急剧上升
950	and then it started flattening.	然后它开始扁平。
951	So they are following the tunnel.	所以他们沿着隧道走
952	This is quite remarkable to see this.	这是相当惊人的看到这一点。
953	All the environmental indicators have now balanced	所有环境指标现已实现平衡。
954	or started going down.	或者开始下降。
955	Why?	为什么?
956	Because you have very low carbon technologies,	因为你的碳技术非常低
957	EVs,锂电池,
958	all of those things are concentrated in this area.	所有这些事情都集中在这个领域。
959	It's a very interesting example.	这是一个非常有趣的例子。
960	The other example is a small city, okay?	另一个例子是一个小城市,好吗?
961	So this is really that part of the curve	这真的是曲线的一部分
962	from the top that goes down	从上而下
963	because it's a European country, it's more advanced.	因为它是一个欧洲国家, 它更先进。
964	But what happened?	但发生了什么事?
965	I have been advising the mayor of this place for 12 years	我向这里的市长建议了12年
966	and for 12 years, they have really worked hard.	12年来,他们一直努力工作。
967	And after 12 years,	过了12年
968	they were named the European Green Capital	他们被命名为欧洲绿色首都
969	for 2026, sustainability.	2026年,可持续性。
970	And they are going against London, Paris, big cities.	他们要去对抗伦敦,巴黎,大城市。
971	This is only 200,000 people.	这里只有20万人
972	But the European Council, the people who give the award,	但欧洲理事会颁奖的人
973	the judges recognize that this small place	法官们承认这个小地方
974	has done a remarkable thing	已经做了一件了不起的事
975	bringing the pollution levels and everything down.	把污染水平和一切降低
976	So that's another good example.	这是另一个很好的例子。
977	Now, I have to tell you about Earth eco-civilization.	现在,我要告诉你地球生态文明。
978	See, because China is known as a civilizational state,	因为中国是文明国家
979	you have millennia, 4, 5, 1,000 years of history.	你有千年,4,5,1000年的历史。
980	Sri Lanka has 3,000 years of history.	斯里兰卡有3000年的历史.
981	So civilizational states, 20 years ago,	所以20年前的文明国家
982	you won't even know who this is,	你甚至不知道这是谁,
983	but Dr. Jiang Xingcheng,	但是江兴城博士
984	who was a former education minister,	他曾是教育部长,
985	he ran something called the Guiyang Forum.	他经营着贵阳论坛
986	You look it up some years ago.	你几年前查过了
987	We used to have very interesting discussions	我们曾经有过非常有趣的讨论
988	and he asked me,	他问我,
989	how do we bring in this civilization concept?	我们如何引进这种文明概念?
990	So I said, well, let's think of eco-civilization.	所以我说,让我们来想想生态文明。
991	What does this mean?	这是什么意思?
992	Eco is economic, but also ecological.	生态是经济的,但也是生态的.
993	So you have an economy and environment.	所以,你有一个经济和环境。
994	Civilization is society.	文明是社会.
995	So you have the three, eco-civilization, right?	所以,你有三个,生态文明,对不对?
996	And we call it Earth eco-civilization	我们称之为地球生态文明
997	because Earth has a nice mother Earth.	因为地球有一个好母亲地球。
998	That was there.	碞ê
999	So now this is being resuscitated,	所以,现在这个正在恢复,
1000	but people have misunderstood.	但人们误会了
1001	They say, oh, this Earth, this eco-civilization,	他们说,哦,这个地球, 这个生态文明,
1002	is it different from sustainable development?	这是否与可持续发展不同?
1003	I said, that's an old story.	我说,这是一个老故事。
1004	20 years ago, we solved that, okay?	20年前,我们解决了,好吗?
1005	It's the same thing, don't get confused.	事同,别迷惑.
1006	Okay, and this is the way the diagram I have showed to them,	好吧,这就是我向他们展示的方式,
1007	which is that the triangle is for cities	也就是三角形是给城市的
1008	and smaller communities and so on.	以及较小的社区等等。
1009	But Earth, eco-civilization is for the whole planet.	但地球,生态文明是面向整个地球的.
1010	It's on a bigger scale.	规模较大.
1011	But it's the same thing, it's the same concept.	但是,这是同样的事情,也是同一个概念.
1012	We don't have to get confused, right?	我们不必搞混对吧?
1013	But it is more a Chinese concept than anything else,	但这个概念比其他任何概念都要重要
1014	but it means the same thing.	但意思是一样的
1015	Sorry, right.	对不起,没错。
1016	Now, very quickly, I'll finish up by talking about	现在,非常快,我会说完
1017	why I think Asia and the BRICS,	为什么我认为亚洲和金砖国家,
1018	Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa,	巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非、
1019	will lead the way.	会带路的
1020	I think because we are more in tune	我觉得是因为我们更合拍
1021	with the economy, society, and environment,	经济、社会和环境,
1022	there are more infrastructure-oriented,	更注重基础设施,
1023	I mean, for example, the Belt and Road Initiative,	比如说带子和公路计划
1024	multi-trillion dollar, unprecedented in human history.	万亿元,人类历史上史无前例.
1025	So it is being driven much more from,	因此,它被驱动更多从,
1026	if you look on the right,	如果你看右边,
1027	this is the economic center of gravity of the planet.	这是地球重力的经济中心
1028	In 0 AD, it was somewhere in Asia,	在公元0年,它在亚洲的某个地方,
1029	because at that time, we had India, China,	因为当时,我们有印度,中国,
1030	they were still very prominent.	他们仍然非常突出。
1031	By 1950, it moved somewhere between Europe	到1950年,它移到了欧洲之间
1032	and North America.	还有北美
1033	Why?	为什么?
1034	Because the West became rich,	因为西方变得富有
1035	and I have put the reason,	我已经把原因,
1036	one of the main reasons is resource flow from the colonies.	其中一个主要原因是来自殖民地的资源流.
1037	An Indian author, who is somebody I know,	一位印度作家,我认识他
1038	calculated that just from India alone,	计算出仅仅来自印度,
1039	the amount of resources that were extracted by the UK,	英国提取的资源数量,
1040	the Britain, was $47 trillion,	英国,47万亿美元,
1041	and this is a long time ago.	这是很久以前的事了
1042	That is 15 times the GDP of UK.	这是英国国内生产总值的15倍。
1043	So the development, of course,	因此,发展,当然,
1044	there were smart people in the West,	西方有聪明人
1045	but the resource flows helped.	但资源流动有所帮助。
1046	When you are rich, the best innovators,	当你们富足的时候,是最优秀的发明家,
1047	the best creators, the best artists,	最好的创造者,最好的艺术家,
1048	everybody comes to your city.	每个人都来你的城市。
1049	That's what happened.	师便打曰.
1050	Now, after 1950, look where it has gone.	1950年后,看看它去了哪里
1051	It's going back into Asia,	它会回到亚洲
1052	because you have Japan, China, India, all these countries,	因为你有日本,中国,印度, 所有这些国家,
1053	and that is not because of colonialism,	这不是因为殖民主义,
1054	it is because of development.	这是因为发展。
1055	We are doing it with our own effort.	我们正在以我们自己的努力这样做。
1056	It's very important to keep in mind.	务须持戒.
1057	This is a very important lesson,	这是一个非常重要的教训,
1058	and I'll show you one more visual,	我会再给你们看一眼
1059	which kind of cements this.	什么样的水泥这个。
1060	Sorry, oops, yeah.	对不起,OOS,是啊。
1061	This is from the SCO summit.	这是来自上合组织峰会。
1062	This is a great optic.	这是一个伟大的光学。
1063	This is Asia in practice, okay?	这是亚洲的实践,好吗?
1064	Three leaders, and they are working in cooperation.	三位领导人正在开展合作。
1065	This is very important, and we'll move on from there.	这很重要,我们从此继续前进。
1066	You see that China already,	你看中国已经,
1067	in purchasing power parity terms,	按购买力平价计算
1068	which is a special measurement,	这是一种特别的衡量方法,
1069	GDP of China exceeds the US.	中国GDP超过美国.
1070	In nominal terms, it will exceed the US very soon,	从名义上来说,它很快就会超过美国,
1071	in a few more years,	再过几年
1072	because China is still growing much faster than the US, right?	因为中国的增长速度仍然比美国快,对吧?
1073	Look at growth.	观增长.
1074	2023, 70% of global growth came from this region.	2023年,全球增长的70%来自这一地区.
1075	India and China, more than 50% of global growth,	印度和中国,全球增长的50%以上,
1076	not from the Western countries, right?	不是来自西方国家,对不对?
1077	Trading.	交易。
1078	In the year 2000, if you looked at US,	在2000年,如果你看看美国,
1079	it was the biggest trading partner	是最大的贸易伙伴
1080	of all the blue countries at the top,	所有蓝色国家中最顶尖的,
1081	almost the entire world.	几乎是整个世界
1082	By 2020, the biggest trading partner of most countries,	到2020年,大多数国家的最大贸易伙伴,
1083	red, Jumbo, okay, you can see.	红色的,Jumbo,好吧,你可以看到。
1084	So it's changing.	故曰变化.
1085	And the trade balance also,	而贸易平衡,
1086	always now favoring China more than the US, right?	现在总比美国更喜欢中国对吧?
1087	Right.	对
1088	Here's the underlying reason.	根本原因如下
1089	You look at STEM graduates,	你看看STEM毕业生,
1090	science, technology, engineering, mathematics, okay?	科学,技术,工程,数学,好吗?
1091	China has millions every year.	中国每年有数百万人。
1092	So is India.	印度也是如此。
1093	US, half a million.	美国50万
1094	It's quite big, but not as big as China and India.	它相当大,但并不像中国和印度那么大.
1095	So that is one of the reasons why they cannot catch up, okay?	所以这就是他们不能赶上的原因之一,好吗?
1096	Okay, let's see.	好吧,让我看看。
1097	Okay, I just tell you that the global South,	好吧,我只是告诉你, 全球南方,
1098	which is all the other countries,	这是所有其他国家,
1099	are more sympathetic to BRICS	更同情金砖国家
1100	than they are to the West at the moment, okay?	比他们现在的西方,好吗?
1101	If you look at, these are UN votes.	你看,这些都是联合国选票。
1102	In all of these, 95%, 85% of the world's population,	在所有这些,95%,85%的世界人口,
1103	if you look at, these are UN votes.	你看,这些都是联合国选票。
1104	all the votes have gone usually not with the West.	所有选票都投给西方了
1105	So the Global South has, because they	因此,全球南方有,因为他们
1106	want peaceful trade and prosperity,	想要和平的贸易和繁荣,
1107	they want sustainable development,	他们希望可持续发展,
1108	because they have a lot of poor people.	因为他们有很多穷人。
1109	They're not interested in wars.	他们对战争不感兴趣.
1110	They're not interested in punitive economic sanctions	他们对惩罚性经济制裁不感兴趣
1111	or any other things.	或其他东西。
1112	And therefore, I think there is poor leadership by the West,	因此,我认为西方的领导力很差,
1113	and particularly because NATO is viewed	特别是因为人们看待北约
1114	as a military bloc, which is very intrusive.	作为一个军事集团,这是非常侵入性的。
1115	If you look all the way from Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan,	如果你从韩国、越南、阿富汗一看
1116	Iraq, name it, none of them, China or any of those countries,	伊拉克,说它,没有它们, 中国或任何这些国家,
1117	have been, it's always the West.	一直以来,它总是西方。
1118	And I mean, I speak from the Global South,	我的意思是,我从全球南方说话,
1119	and I'm telling you that this is 85% of the global population.	我告诉你,这是全球人口的85%。
1120	That is the bottom block.	这是最底层的街区。
1121	US and Europe, up to in the 21st, in the 20th century,	美国和欧洲,直到21,20世纪,
1122	especially after the Second World War, they led the world.	特别是在第二次世界大战之后,他们领导着世界。
1123	And the leaders, basically, were very almost arrogant.	领导者们基本上几乎是傲慢的。
1124	I mean, Obama said, US is an exceptional country.	我的意思是,奥巴马说,美国是一个例外的国家。
1125	We can do whatever we want, right?	我们可以做我们想要的,对不对?
1126	Borrell, EU chief diplomat, said something very undiplomatic.	欧盟首席外交官Borrell说了一些非常不直接的话。
1127	He said, Europe is a garden.	他说欧洲是个花园
1128	The rest of the world is a jungle.	后世为丛林.
1129	Sorry, we are not animals.	对不起,我们不是动物。
1130	Yeah, yeah, we are building a better garden.	是啊,是啊,我们正在建造一个更好的花园。
1131	That's what I would tell him.	这就是我要告诉他的。
1132	So this is the state of affairs.	这就是现在的状况
1133	Now it's changing.	现在它正在改变。
1134	Why?	为什么?
1135	As I said, the economic power of BRICS plus	正如我所说金砖国家的经济力量
1136	is more than the G7, right?	不只是G7,对吧?
1137	More countries are joining, OK?	更多国家加入,好吗?
1138	Contrary to what Mr. Trump says, he	与特朗普先生所说的相反,他
1139	says BRICS is falling apart.	说金砖国家正在瓦解
1140	It's not true at all.	终不真实.
1141	It's stronger than ever.	坚固无常.
1142	This is called a multipolar world, OK,	这叫做多极世界,OK,
1143	in which you have BRICS and the Global South.	包括金砖国家和全球南方
1144	We are interested in a peaceful trade.	我们对和平贸易感兴趣。
1145	And ASEAN is joining.	东盟正在加入。
1146	And all of these groups are joining, OK, for trade.	所有这些团体都加入了贸易。
1147	Of course, there is a little bit of economic domination.	当然,也有一点经济支配.
1148	The richer countries dominate.	富国占主导地位。
1149	But at least it is not military intervention, OK?	但至少这不是军事干预,好吗?
1150	That is not.	这不是。
1151	On the other side, you have still the Western countries,	另一方面,你还有西方国家
1152	which in my view, personally, clinging to their privilege.	在我看来,我个人坚持他们的特权。
1153	And they have to learn to live in a multipolar world.	他们必须学会生活在一个多极世界。
1154	It's very hard, OK, after having ruled, so-called, the world.	这是非常困难的,OK, 已经统治了,所谓的世界。
1155	It's been hard to give up.	已而难弃.
1156	But they have to learn, because otherwise we	但他们必须学习,因为除非我们
1157	will face nuclear World War III.	将面临第三次核战争。
1158	And we don't want that.	我们不希望这样
1159	We want everybody to survive.	我们希望每个人都能活下去。
1160	We want the young people to survive	我们要让年轻人活下来
1161	and to have many more generations.	并拥有更多世代。
1162	So that peace bridge that I have shown at the bottom is very important.	因此,我在底部展示的和平桥梁非常重要。
1163	I think groups like this, this webinar, for example,	我认为像这样的团体, 这个webinar,例如,
1164	you're reaching out to people in the United States.	你在联系美国的人
1165	We have to build the bridge, keep the dialogue going,	我们必须搭桥,继续对话,
1166	not call each other names.	不互相称呼。
1167	Some of this information you would not get in the mainstream media	有些信息你不会在主流媒体得到
1168	in the US, I'm afraid.	恐怕在美国
1169	Because they have a different lens perspective on China.	因为他们对中国的看法不同
1170	And this kind of interaction is extremely important to bridge that gap.	这种互动对于弥合这一差距极为重要。
1171	I did an interview with a lady called Zane Asher.	我采访了一个叫Zane Asher的女士
1172	I don't think this will play here, because it's not OK.	我觉得这不行因为不行
1173	Zane Asher是CNN国际的主持人.
1174	She interviewed me in Miami.	她在迈阿密采访了我
1175	And I told her exactly what I told you.	我告诉她我告诉你的
1176	I can't show you the clip, because it doesn't play.	我不能给你看片段,因为它不播放。
1177	But basically, what it means is that the global South	但基本上,这意味着全球南方
1178	is leaning much more towards the BRICS.	更倾向于金砖国家
1179	And the Western countries, particularly the US,	而西方国家,尤其是美国,
1180	has to learn to accept that.	必须学会接受这一点。
1181	And she was very nice.	她人很好,她很亲切
1182	And the audience was a little shocked.	观众也有点震惊.
1183	It's a US audience.	是美国观众
1184	But afterwards, they came and told me, you told us very nicely	但后来,他们来了,告诉我, 你告诉我们非常好
1185	and very politely, so thank you.	非常礼貌,所以谢谢你。
1186	The fact that we're seeing the world order, I guess,	我们正看到世界秩序
1187	recalibrate itself in a way, in a certain sense.	以某种方式,在某种意义上,自我调整.
1188	I mean, I gave one small example about several members of the Biden	我的意思是,我举了一个小例子关于几个拜登成员
1189	administration visiting Africa in such a short space of time.	在这么短的时间内访问非洲。
1190	Obviously, they're competing with Russia and China.	显然,他们与俄罗斯和中国竞争.
1191	Sergey Lavrov has been to Africa.	谢尔盖・拉夫罗夫去过非洲
1192	I've lost count of how many times in the past few months.	我数不清过去几个月有多少次了
1193	What are the implications and the opportunities in a world where	在这样一个世界上,影响和机会是什么?
1194	it is multipolar and there are multiple spheres of influence,	它是多极的,有多个势力范围,
1195	not just one or two?	不只是一两个?
1196	I think the multipolar world looks more attractive	我觉得多极世界看起来更吸引人
1197	to the global South now.	现在全球南方。
1198	I mean, I cannot speak for the entire global South.	我的意思是,我不能代表整个全球南方。
1199	It's not a monolithic entity.	非单体体.
1200	Yes.	对
1201	But the reason is that the existing world order, which	但原因是现有的世界秩序,
1202	has been more, since the Second World War, more	自第二次世界大战以来,情况更为严重
1203	unipolar kind of, but Western-led certainly,	单极的,但以西方为首
1204	is not doing too well.	情况不妙
1205	There's lots of conflicts, the economies are under threat,	有很多冲突经济受到威胁
1206	poverty is still persistent, and so on.	贫困依然存在,等等。
1207	The multipolar world, particularly	特别是多极世界
1208	the emergence of the BRICS countries,	金砖国家的崛起,
1209	gives the global South more hope.	给全球南方带来更多的希望。
1210	And that's why countries of the global South want to join this.	这也是全球南方国家想要加入的原因。
1211	This is more on trade, cultural exchange,	这更多的是贸易,文化交流,
1212	peaceful economic ties, and so on.	和平的经济联系等等。
1213	I think they're a little tired of 500 or more years	我认为他们有点累500年或更久
1214	of colonial interventions, and these memories	殖民干预和这些记忆
1215	are still there in the countries of the global South	在全球南方国家,
1216	and other sort of aggressive interventions,	以及其他形式的攻击性干预,
1217	and they want a more balanced world order.	他们想要一个更平衡的世界秩序。
1218	Now, there are a lot of opportunities	现在,有很多机会
1219	with digital technologies and other new methods	数字技术和其他新方法
1220	which both have a risk, but also have great promise,	二者皆有风险,亦有大愿;
1221	and will allow the global South to have a level playing field.	并且将使全球南方有一个公平的竞争环境。
1222	They will be equal and respected,	他们将获得平等与尊重,
1223	have their dignity and self-respect restored.	恢复他们的尊严和自尊。
1224	Just a quick thing.	只是一个快的事。
1225	There are two major human extinction rates.	人类主要有两种灭绝率.
1226	One is nuclear world war II, the other one is climate change.	一个是第二次核世界战争,另一个是气候变化。
1227	Now, on the left side, you see global military expenditures.	现在,在左边,你可以看到全球的军事开支。
1228	Who is the biggest spender?	谁是最大的支出者?
1229	On the right-hand side, you have climate action.	在右侧,你有气候行动。
1230	Who is spending most on global clean energy?	谁是全球清洁能源支出最多的?
1231	Sorry, China, by far, okay?	对不起,中国,到目前为止,好吗?
1232	So this is just a quick example of that.	所以,这只是一个简单的例子。
1233	There is a trend towards de-dollarization,	有去元化的趋势,
1234	partly because the US has weaponized the dollar.	部分原因是美国将美元武器化。
1235	By trying to exclude countries from the dollar system,	通过试图将国家排除在美元体系之外,
1236	they are encouraging them to use their own currencies, okay?	他们鼓励他们使用自己的货币,好吗?
1237	So this is a kind of shooting yourself,	所以,这是一种射击你自己,
1238	not necessarily in the foot, but it may be in the head, okay?	不一定在脚部,但它可能是在头部,好吗?
1239	And Belt and Road Initiative.	和带和公路倡议。
1240	Sri Lanka is part of it.	斯里兰卡是其中的一部分。
1241	You can see that blue line,	你可以看到那条蓝线,
1242	it's called the Maritime Silk Route,	叫做海上丝绸之路
1243	and Sri Lanka has two ports.	斯里兰卡有两个港口。
1244	It's part of the Belt and Road Initiative, right?	这是带子和道路倡议的一部分,对不对?
1245	Now, I'll just go to climate change	现在,我只是去气候变化
1246	and tell you why it is important to take climate change	告诉你为什么必须面对气候变化
1247	together with all the other problems we have, right?	还有其他问题,对吧?
1248	I told you this before.	我跟你说过的
1249	We'll skip this because we're running out of time,	我们会跳过这个,因为我们的时间不多了,
1250	and this is an important point.	这一点很重要。
1251	If you look at the whole economy like this	如果你这样看整个经济
1252	and climate change at the end,	和气候变化,
1253	this is what most decision-makers see, right?	这是大多数决策者看到的,对不对?
1254	They don't quite see how this is related.	他们不太明白这有什么关系
1255	But in Sri Lanka, for example,	但在斯里兰卡,
1256	one way I got the ear of the decision-maker	一种方法,我得到了决策者的耳朵
1257	was with, I went to the Minister of Agriculture,	我去找农业部长
1258	and I said, do you know that because of climate change,	我说,你知道,由于气候变化,
1259	in 25 years, the rice harvest will go down by 40%,	25年后,大米收成将下降40%
1260	and then his eyes opened.	然后他睁开了眼睛。
1261	He said, ah, then we must take care of climate change.	他说,啊,那么我们必须照顾气候变化。
1262	So this is the whole point.	这就是重点所在。
1263	Climate action is one of 17 sustainable development goals,	气候行动是17个可持续发展目标之一,
1264	but it must be integrated with everything else	但它必须融入一切
1265	in order to succeed.	为了成功
1266	And that is the most important lesson from the IPCC	这是气专委最重要的教训
1267	The other one is climate justice, basically,	另一个是气候公正,基本上,
1268	which I will tell you,	我将告诉你,
1269	that I still feel strongly that it is the rich countries	我仍然强烈地认为,是富国
1270	who have to make the most effort on mitigation,	必须在缓解方面作出最大努力,
1271	which is reducing emissions.	这是在减少排放。
1272	The poor countries have to focus much more on adaptation	穷国必须更加注重适应
1273	because their poor people are going to suffer much,	因为他们的穷人将遭受许多苦难,
1274	much more, especially in Africa, okay?	更多,特别是在非洲,好吗?
1275	And we have introduced legislation	我们提出立法
1276	into the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change,	《联合国气候变化框架公约》,
1277	the last three meetings,	过去三次会议,
1278	where we have introduced something called	在那里,我们引入了所谓的
1279	the Loss and Damage Fund,	损失和损害基金,
1280	where poor countries who are suffering from climate change	遭受气候变化影响的穷国
1281	can go to the fund and take money out,	可以去基金拿钱出来,
1282	because this is called the polluter pays principle,	因为这叫做污染者付费原则,
1283	that if the rich countries are polluted,	如果富国受到污染,
1284	they must put money into the fund.	他们必须把钱投入基金。
1285	The poor countries who are suffering	遭受苦难的穷国
1286	can withdraw money from the fund.	可以从基金中提取资金。
1287	Only very little is put in there at the moment	现在只放很少
1288	because rich countries are a bit stingy,	因为富国有点吝啬,
1289	but the principle is established, polluter pays, right?	但原则已经确立,污染者付费,对不对?
1290	Okay, just a very quick number calculation.	好吧,只是一个非常快速的数字计算。
1291	If we assume that every person on the planet	如果我们假设地球上的每一个人
1292	has an equal right to emit, right?	有平等的权利发射,对不对?
1293	Then from 1850, if you do a calculation of emissions,	从1850年起,如果你计算出排放量,
1294	you will see that the Western countries	你会看到西方国家
1295	have emitted much more.	已经释放了更多。
1296	The developing countries much less,	在发展中国家,
1297	and actually China also less,	其实中国也少了一点
1298	because China has become a big emitter	因为中国已经成为一个大排放国
1299	only very, very recently.	最近才开始的
1300	Now, I did a quick calculation and said,	现在,我做了一个快速计算说,
1301	how much of excess has the West emitted	西方释放了多少过剩
1302	compared to the poor countries?	是否与穷国相比?
1303	And the value of that is 40 to 45 trillion dollars	价值40到45万亿美元
1304	worth of emissions that the West owes us as a debt	西方欠我们的排放量
1305	because they have emitted more than their share	因为他们所捐献的,多于他们所捐献的。
1306	and we have emitted less.	而我们所排放的更少。
1307	So that is called a climate debt.	这就是所谓的气候债务。
1308	Now, every year you hear that all these countries	现在,你每年都听到所有这些国家
1309	are going bankrupt because they are poor and so on	因为他们穷得要破产了
1310	because they owe money to the banks.	因为他们欠银行钱
1311	How much is owed?	欠多少钱?
1312	Only 10 trillion dollars.	仅十万亿.
1313	So if the rich countries pay the poor countries	所以,如果富国支付穷国
1314	the environmental debt,	环境债务,
1315	we can easily repay the financial debt to the banks.	我们很容易偿还银行的金融债务
1316	The environmental debt that is owed to us just for climate	仅仅因为气候而欠我们的环境债务
1317	is worth four times what we owe the bankers in the West.	价值是西方银行家的四倍
1318	So this is part of climate injustice, okay?	所以这是气候不公正的一部分,好吗?
1319	These are all forgotten.	这些都是被遗忘的。
1320	But these numbers I have and I, okay.	但这些数字我和我有,好吧。
1321	This is an interview which I'll skip and we'll skip that.	这是面试,我会跳过,我们会跳过。
1322	And we have to watch out for potential surprises, okay?	我们必须注意潜在的惊喜,好吗?
1323	In spite of all this theorizing,	尽管这些理论,
1324	there is going to be social unrest, conflicts,	会有社会动荡,冲突,
1325	climate change is coming.	气候变化即将来临。
1326	We have environmental crises.	我们有环境危机。
1327	Did you imagine that COVID would happen	你有没有想过COVID会发生?
1328	before it, one year before?	一年前吗?
1329	No, nobody even thought about it, right?	没有,没有人想过,对不对?
1330	But these are around the corner.	但是这些都在拐角处
1331	We really don't know.	我们真的不知道。
1332	Economic crises and of course technological disruption	经济危机,当然还有技术破坏
1333	due to AI, robotics and all these things.	由于AI,机器人和所有这些东西。
1334	And I have campaigned for peace and nuclear disarmament	我为和平和核裁军而奋斗
1335	for more than 60 years since I was an undergraduate.	我本科毕业60多年了
1336	Nuclear World War III is the most harmful thing	第三次核战争是最有害的
1337	that can happen and we are closer to it	我们更接近它
1338	than ever before, okay?	从来没有,好吗?
1339	You won't believe it if you're reading the mainstream media	你读到主流媒体就不信了
1340	but it's, I am in touch with a lot of top scientists.	但我和很多顶尖科学家有联系
1341	It's very, very close, okay?	它非常,非常接近,好吗?
1342	Because some of the leaders in the world	因为世界上一些领导人
1343	are totally insane, okay?	完全疯了,好吗?
1344	I think, but I think together we can take steps	我想,但我想我们一起走
1345	towards sustainability by acting responsibly ourselves	以负责任的方式实现可持续性
1346	and putting pressure on our leaders to be more sane,	对我们的领导人施压让他们更加理智
1347	to have dialogue before they go to war, right?	在他们开战前进行对话对吧?
1348	And finally, my personal advice,	最后我个人的建议
1349	to harmonize yourself before you try to harmonize the Earth.	在你试图协调地球之前统一自己
1350	So you do your work but you also have fitness and health	所以,你做你的工作但你也有健身和健康
1351	so that you are healthy and save time for your family	让你健康,为家人节省时间
1352	and your friends and some quality time.	和你的朋友, 和一些优质的时间。
1353	That makes a sustainable person in my view.	在我看来,这让一个人是可持续的。
1354	So my optimistic final message,	因此,我乐观的最后信息,
1355	we have many bad, bad problems but we have the solutions.	我们有很多坏问题但我们有办法
1356	It's just that the leaders are lazy.	只是领导者懒惰.
1357	They just don't do it.	他们只是不这样做。
1358	We need to reform governance systems	我们需要改革治理制度
1359	and we have to mobilize particularly business	我们必须特别动员企业
1360	and civil society to push governments to do the right thing.	以及民间社会推动政府做正确的事情。
1361	I think together we can build	我想我们可以一起建设
1362	the 21st century eco-civilization	21世纪的生态文明
1363	if in this multipolar world.	如果在这个多极世界里
1364	This is an ancient saying from Sri Lanka.	这是来自斯里兰卡的古老说法。
1365	May the rains come in time, which is environment.	愿及时降雨,即环境。
1366	May the harvest be bountiful, the economy.	愿丰收之丰,经济之丰.
1367	May the people be happy and contented.	愿众生欢喜满足.
1368	May the king be righteous.	愿王为善.
1369	So in ancient times, this is written	所以在古代,这是写的
1370	in an old language called Pali.	一个叫Pali的老语言
1371	In ancient times, they knew about the triangle.	在古代,他们知道三角形.
1372	That's the triangle right there.	这就是三角形
1373	We're just trying to rediscover it today.	我们今天只是想重新发现它
1374	Or if you want to know more, please contact me.	或者,如果你想知道更多, 请联系我。
1375	I'm always open and you can get the information	我总是开放,你可以得到信息
1376	from April and her team.	从四月和她的团队。
1377	Thank you very much.	谢谢
1378	See you soon.	再见
1379	We're here in Beijing	我们到了北京
1380	and you guys are here as a special guest	你们是来做客的
1381	to Yale Center Beijing	北京耶鲁中心
1382	and I also from actually Yale Club Beijing.	我其实也是耶鲁俱乐部的北京人
1383	Helen's son is the president of Yale Club Beijing.	海伦的儿子是耶鲁俱乐部北京分会主席.
1384	She's not able to be here,	她不能在这里,
1385	but together we are creating this platform.	但是我们一起创建了这个平台。
1386	And I wanted to just read a comment from China.	我想读一下中国的评论。
1387	You finished with Pali with that blessing from Sri Lanka,	你用斯里兰卡的祝福和Pali谈完了
1388	but there's a very famous poem from China,	但中国有首很著名的诗
1389	from Zhuangzi, thousands of years ago.	从 Zhu子,数千年前.
1390	And what he basically has said is the idea,	他基本上说的是这个想法,
1391	I'm trying to get my,	我试图得到我的,
1392	is	这是
1393	天地并与我共生
1394	哎我的手机开不了
1395	万物以我唯一
1396	So the idea is actually,	所以这个想法其实是,
1397	and I actually want to translate literally	我其实想从字面上翻译
1398	because it's been poetic wise,	因为它很有诗意
1399	but it actually literally says	但它实际上字面上说
1400	the sky and the dirt and me are born together.	天空和泥土和我出生在一起。
1401	And which makes all of us,	这使得我们所有人,
1402	everything around us one.	我们身边的一切
1403	And this concept really ties to the earth, to the ground.	这个概念真的与地球,与地面联系在一起。
1404	And we guys are all on earth.	我们都在人间。
1405	This earth, so I love your term earth eco-civilization.	这个地球,所以我喜欢你的地球生态文明
1406	My question to you is,	我的问题是,
1407	how do you think we could,	你觉得我们怎么能...
1408	how can we use the earth	我们如何利用地球
1409	and to tie together and bring some sense to the world?	并联结在一起给世界带来一些感觉?
1410	How can we change?	我们怎样才能改变?
1411	We are all humans, we are all earth, on earth.	我们都是人类,我们都是地球,在地球上。
1412	What is your advice for us to become closer	你有什么建议让我们更亲近
1413	rather than further apart?	而不是进一步分开?
1414	Actually, practically speaking,	实际上,实际上,
1415	I go back to the city concept	我回到城市的概念
1416	because we have to focus on smaller communities.	因为我们必须专注于较小的社区。
1417	You cannot green a whole country suddenly.	你突然不能把整个国家绿掉
1418	Maybe China, a huge region like Yangtze,	也许中国,像长江这样巨大的地区
1419	but it took 100 years.	但花了100年时间
1420	And it took me 12 years or more for one city.	一个城市花了我12年或更长的时间
1421	So if you create the green spaces and the livable areas,	所以,如果你创造绿色空间和可生活区域,
1422	and then if you have good community leaders	如果你有良好的社区领袖
1423	and city mayors who can explain this to the people,	和能向民众解释此事的市长,
1424	once you do it in one or two cities,	一旦你在一个或两个城市做,
1425	people from other cities come and say,	来自其他城市的人会说
1426	hey, how come they've done this here	嘿,他们为什么在这里这样做
1427	and I can't do it in mine?	我无法在我的?
1428	So we have to spread that culture.	所以我们必须传播这种文化。
1429	So my answer is, I'm very practical	所以我的答案是我很实际
1430	because I have an engineering background.	因为我有工程背景
1431	You have a more holistic approach.	你有一个更全面的方法。
1432	You talk about mother earth and all that.	你说的是大地之母
1433	Yes, that underpinning has to be there	是的,这个基础必须存在
1434	and it comes from the cultural civilization part.	它来自文化文明的部分。
1435	But then we have to untap it.	但我们得把它解开
1436	We have to tell people exactly what we have to do.	我们必须告诉大家我们该做什么
1437	Also work with farmers, which I think the Zigen Fund does,	和农民一起工作我认为齐根基金做的,
1438	and that is right spirit.	这是正确的精神。
1439	So focus on communities, whether they are urban or rural,	因此,关注社区,无论是城市还是农村,
1440	but to bring in the modern technology,	但为了引进现代技术
1441	I think digital technology can help.	我认为数字技术可以帮助。
1442	Although it may seem a little not quite	虽然看起来有点不完全
1443	with the earth concept, but you're helping mother earth.	与地球的概念, 但你帮助母地球。
1444	You see, that's the whole point.	你看这就是重点
1445	You're using it as a tool.	你用它作为工具。
1446	Great, yeah, thank you.	很好,谢谢
1447	And I think city and we just talked about	我想城市和我们只是谈论
1448	maybe even going down to the villages,	也许甚至下到村庄,
1449	which is the Zigen Fund,	即济源基金,
1450	which is our work in rural development.	这是我们在农村发展方面的工作。
1451	My second question is, you've talked about technology.	我的第二个问题是,你已经谈到技术。
1452	The US approach, the China approach	美国的做法,中国的做法
1453	is very much about fast scaling,	非常喜欢快速缩放,
1454	strong government involvement,	政府强有力的参与,
1455	tying to country and national goals.	与国家和国家目标挂钩。
1456	The US, because we're talking about China and US,	美国,因为我们在谈论中国和美国,
1457	the US is much about innovation, creativity,	美国很重视创新和创造力
1458	startups, strong university.	初创者,强大学.
1459	How do you think we could use these different strengths	你觉得我们如何利用这些不同的优势
1460	to create more dialogue rather than silo approaches?	* 创造更多的对话而不是孤立的办法?
1461	Well, look, I'm from the global south,	我来自全球南部
1462	so I have a particular view.	所以我有特别的看法
1463	And as an economist, I can tell you that	作为经济学家我可以告诉你
1464	the capitalist approach,	资本主义方针,
1465	which is mainly in the US,	主要在美国,
1466	but also in Western Europe,	在西欧,
1467	has reached about the limit of its progress	进展已达到极限
1468	because it did create lots of wealth	因为它创造了许多财富,
1469	and innovation and other things.	创新和其他东西。
1470	Some of it was driven by colonialism and aggression.	其中一些是由殖民主义和侵略推动的。
1471	Let's be very clear about that.	让我们非常清楚这一点。
1472	But it was still innovative and so on.	但它仍然具有创新性,等等。
1473	But what we are seeing now particularly emerging in the US	但是,我们现在看到的在美国特别的新兴
1474	is the innovation and the creativity	是创新和创造力
1475	is making the rich richer and richer.	正在使富人更富、更富。
1476	It is not helping the real wages of workers	它无助于工人的实际工资
1477	have gone down.	已经下降。
1478	The gap between what CEOs are getting	首席执行官们之间差距
1479	and the ordinary person working in Wendy's	在温蒂的普通人
1480	or McDonald's is widening.	或者麦当劳正在扩大
1481	So the innovation is not serving the people.	因此,创新并不为人民服务。
1482	That is one of the danger signs I said	这是我说过的危险迹象之一
1483	about the decline of civilization.	关于文明的衰落。
1484	That we must be very careful.	我们必须非常小心。
1485	The other disturbing trend in the capitalist system	资本主义制度的另一个令人不安的趋势
1486	in its present form	现形式
1487	is the neglect of nature.	是对自然的忽视。
1488	I mean, there is a big school of thought	我的意思是,有一个大学校的思想
1489	including the government in the US	包括美国政府
1490	who do not believe in climate change.	他们不相信气候变化。
1491	I mean, to me, this is absurd.	我的意思是,对我来说,这是荒谬的。
1492	It is living in a fantasy world.	它生活在一个幻想的世界。
1493	So those are some of the handicaps	这些是一些障碍
1494	and that can be overcome, I think,	我认为,这一点是可以克服的,
1495	if they bring in a little bit more of the realism from China.	如果他们能从中国带来一点现实主义
1496	I think what Deng Xiaoping brought with him, the reforms,	我认为邓小平带来了什么改革,
1497	because he saw, I mean, the first time I came to China	因为他看到,我是说,我第一次来中国
1498	was in 1974.	当时是1974年。
1499	The Gang of Four, if you remember that, was still there, okay?	四人帮,如果你记得,还在那里,好吗?
1500	Lin Biao had just flown somewhere and crashed.	林彪刚刚飞到某处,坠毁.
1501	It's all in my mind, I mean.	这都是我的想法,我的意思。
1502	So I have seen the development of China.	所以我看到了中国的发展。
1503	You have also gone through transitions.	你也经历了过渡。
1504	US can do that too, okay?	我们也可以这样做,好吗?
1505	But I mean, I'm still waiting for it to happen,	但我还是等着它发生
1506	but it's not.	但事实并非如此。
1507	So we need that blend.	所以我们需要这种混合。
1508	Yeah, so on that, I want my final question from me	是的,所以,我要我的最后一个问题
1509	is I'm delighted to hear from the audience	我很高兴听到观众的声音
1510	that they're probably half are men and half are women	他们可能是一半是男人一半是女人
1511	and there's Siri, who's your wife.	还有Siri,她是你的妻子。
1512	What do you think is the role of women in this transition	你认为妇女在这一转变中的作用是什么?
1513	and what is your advice for women to take on	你对女人的建议是什么?
1514	what I believe the need for a stronger voice	我相信需要更强的声音
1515	in decision-making and what is your comment on that?	你对此有何评论?
1516	I would say, I mean, women are half the human race	我是说女人是人类的一半
1517	or even more.	或更远.
1518	The second point I often make to my wife	我经常对我妻子说的第二点
1519	is longevity-wise, women live longer than men.	女人比男人长寿
1520	So you must be more resilient.	所以,你必须更加有弹性。
1521	So you must take more of a leadership role.	因此,你必须发挥更多的领导作用。
1522	Closer to the Earth, I don't want to put down women	靠近地球,我不想让女人失望
1523	in a gender sense, but they are more family-oriented.	从性别意义上来说,它们更加面向家庭。
1524	They are closer to the children and whatever and so on.	他们更接近孩子们,什么的等等。
1525	So it's more a uniting force.	所以它更是一种团结的力量.
1526	And I think they are less likely to be aggressive	我认为他们不太可能有攻击性
1527	and go for wars and so on.	并去打仗等等。
1528	So they have to have a much bigger voice.	所以他们必须有一个更大的声音。
1529	And let me tell you, the first woman leader in the world	让我告诉你,世界上第一位女领袖
1530	was from Sri Lanka.	是斯里兰卡人
1531	It's Madam Srimavu Bandaranayake many, many years ago.	是很多年前的斯里马武·班达拉纳亚克夫人

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