刘瑜 x MIT哲学教授：人生中场的哲学课，如何面对遗憾、错

刘瑜 x MIT哲学教授：人生中场的哲学课，如何面对遗憾、错过与无法重来？

发布于 2026-05-27 · 时长 1:37:50

字幕摘录

时间	英文	中文
0:04	We're just delighted and honored, as always, to be collaborating with Lingxi Li and her	和李玲茜和她合作我们很高兴和荣幸
0:11	team at the Princeton University Press China Office, always bringing us exciting books	普林斯顿大学出版社中国办公室的团队总是给我们带来令人兴奋的书
0:16	and authors and commentators for our conversations, elevated conversations.	以及作者和评论家我们的对话,高调的对话。
0:25	I was especially excited about today's conversation on midlife, which I'm certainly encountering	我对今天中年的谈话感到特别兴奋,我肯定遇到了
0:33	and my children, when they saw that in my bedside, they were like, Mom, what's happening?	我的孩子,当他们看到我的床边, 他们喜欢,妈妈,发生了什么事?
0:40	But in any case, I don't think I could have invited better people to discuss on the Dr.	但无论如何,我认为我不能邀请更好的人讨论博士。
0:47	Giren Satya and Professor Liu from Tsinghua University, both people I very much respect.	吉伦·萨特雅和清华大学的刘教授,都是我非常尊敬的人.
0:54	And Professor Liu, even though we haven't known one another for that long a time, you're	刘教授虽然我们很久没见面了
1:00	just the warmest and wisest person I've met.	只是我见过最温暖最聪明的人
1:04	And I just can't wait to dive into this discussion and intellectual feast that I know	我迫不及待想潜入这场讨论和知识盛宴我知道

展开字幕全文（1217 条）

序号	英文	中文
1	We're just delighted and honored, as always, to be collaborating with Lingxi Li and her	和李玲茜和她合作我们很高兴和荣幸
2	team at the Princeton University Press China Office, always bringing us exciting books	普林斯顿大学出版社中国办公室的团队总是给我们带来令人兴奋的书
3	and authors and commentators for our conversations, elevated conversations.	以及作者和评论家我们的对话,高调的对话。
4	I was especially excited about today's conversation on midlife, which I'm certainly encountering	我对今天中年的谈话感到特别兴奋,我肯定遇到了
5	and my children, when they saw that in my bedside, they were like, Mom, what's happening?	我的孩子,当他们看到我的床边, 他们喜欢,妈妈,发生了什么事?
6	But in any case, I don't think I could have invited better people to discuss on the Dr.	但无论如何,我认为我不能邀请更好的人讨论博士。
7	Giren Satya and Professor Liu from Tsinghua University, both people I very much respect.	吉伦·萨特雅和清华大学的刘教授,都是我非常尊敬的人.
8	And Professor Liu, even though we haven't known one another for that long a time, you're	刘教授虽然我们很久没见面了
9	just the warmest and wisest person I've met.	只是我见过最温暖最聪明的人
10	And I just can't wait to dive into this discussion and intellectual feast that I know	我迫不及待想潜入这场讨论和知识盛宴我知道
11	Lingxi Li will so brilliantly lead.	凌希李将如此辉煌的引领.
12	Also want to thank the Yale YCB team for always being, you know, very efficient and very,	也想感谢耶鲁YCB团队总是,你知道,非常高效,非常,
13	you know, just diligent with hosting an event almost every single day or every other day.	你知道,只是勤奋地主持一个活动几乎每一天或每一天。
14	So with that very brief hello and introduction, I'd like to turn this over to Lingxi.	所以,在非常简短的问候和介绍之后,我想把这个交给凌希.
15	Thank you so much.	非常感谢
16	Thank you, Carol, for this very passionate greeting.	谢谢你,卡罗尔,非常热情的问候。
17	Yeah, thank you for your time.	是的,谢谢你的时间。
18	Yeah, I know you have the obligation this evening.	是的,我知道你有义务今晚。
19	Yeah, OK, great.	是啊,好吧,伟大的。
20	I think our live streaming has started already and we have a lot of scanning audience.	我想我们的现场直播已经开始了我们有很多观众
21	So good evening, everyone online.	晚上好,大家在线
22	我是Lingxi Li,POP中国办事处总经理.
23	Thanks all the online audience for joining the Princeton Yale Ideas series.	感谢所有在线观众加入普林斯顿耶鲁思想系列.
24	This is the official name of the book talk, the speaker series.	这是书谈的正式名称,演讲者系列.
25	And I think this is an initiative featuring world leading scholars and their influential	我认为这是一个倡议以世界著名学者和他们的影响力
26	books aiming to foster ideas exchange between China and the West on topics of global relevance.	旨在推动中西方就全球相关议题交流思想的书籍。
27	So and so just now, Carol has introduced the the Yale Center in Beijing, which is the Yale	刚才,卡罗尔介绍北京的耶鲁中心,即耶鲁
28	University's only university wide center outside of the U.S.	大学是美国以外唯一的大学宽中心.
29	and representing 40 schools and also Princeton University China Office is the first.	并代表40所学校和普林斯顿大学中国办事处是第一个。
30	And so far, the only American university press has an office in China dedicated to the	目前为止,美国唯一的大学出版社在中国设有一个办公室,致力于
31	two way exchange, finding and publishing the best Chinese scholars for global audience	为全球观众寻找和出版最佳中国学者
32	and bringing our English language works into China to foster global learnings.	并把我们的英语作品带到中国,以促进全球学习。
33	I think I'm very happy today today to introduce two honorable guests to feature a very	今天我很高兴介绍两位贵宾
34	important POP book, Midlife, a philosophy guide.	重要的POP书,中年,哲学指南.
35	And firstly, I would like to introduce the author of the book, Professor Kiran Sedia,	首先,我想介绍这本书的作者基兰·塞迪亚教授
36	who is the professor of philosophy at MIT.	他是麻省理工学院哲学教授。
37	And Professor Sedia, his primary research area, including ethics, philosophy of mind, and	塞迪亚教授,他的主要研究领域, 包括伦理,思想哲学,
38	with a particular focus on action theory, virtual ethics and ethical knowledge.	特别注重行动理论、虚拟伦理和伦理知识。
39	His published works include Life is Hard, Practical Knowledge, Reasons Without Rationalism	他出版的作品包括"生活是艰难的","实用的知识","没有理性的理性".
40	and Knowing Right from Wrong.	且从迷误中知道正道。
41	And our honorable discussant today is Professor Liu Yu from Tsinghua University.	今天我们尊敬的讨论者是清华大学的刘瑜教授。
42	I don't need to introduce Professor Liu Yu that much because he's so influential in China	刘玉教授在中国很有影响力,我不用介绍他
43	with his research included the comparative democratization, political thought and culture	他的研究包括比较民主化、政治思想和文化
44	and her most recent books are The Day After, Progress and Lessons of a New Democracy and	她最近的著作是《新民主的后天、进步和教训》和《新民主主义的后天》。
45	The Art of the Possible, 30 Lectures on Comparative Politics.	《可能的艺术》,关于比较政治的30个讲座。
46	I think beyond academia, Professor Liu is also an accomplished writer and poet who has	我认为,除了学术界之外,刘教授也是一位成就卓著的作家和诗人,他拥有
47	reflect deeply on end of life, life regrets and personal growth.	深刻反思生命的终结、生命的遗憾和个人成长。
48	So her writing.	所以她写作。
49	So I think this is the best the best pairs I can think of today.	所以,我认为这是我今天能想到的最好的一对。
50	So as the publisher, I want to give a very brief introduction of the books, The In Midlife,	所以作为出版商我想简短地介绍一下这些书《中年》
51	A Philosophy Guide.	哲学指南.
52	Professor Sedia tackles the universal struggles of adulthood.	塞迪亚教授致力于成人的普遍斗争。
53	It help us reconcile with our missed opportunities, let go of past regrets and come into terms	它帮助我们与我们失去的机会和解, 放下过去的遗憾,并达成条件
54	with the uncertainty of aging and morality.	与老化和道德的不确定性。
55	It teaches us how to embarrass life's imperfection, live fully in the present and navigate	它教我们如何让人生的不完美难堪, 完全生活在现在和导航
56	midlife confusion with calm and clarity.	中年迷惑平静和清晰。
57	So though it begins from the experience of the midlife, the book is not only right for	虽然从中年的经历开始这本书不仅适合
58	mid aged audience, instead it use the midlife moment to explore a situation then all of	中年观众,而是用中年时光来探索当时的情况
59	us may face.	我们可能会面对。
60	So this book and the talk might speak to a very broad audience beyond the middle age	所以这本书和谈话可能会对中年以后的广大观众说
61	readers.	读者。
62	So lastly, a little of the house rule today.	最后一点是今天的家规
63	So Professor Sedia will speak for about 30 to 40 minutes to offer the key insights of	因此,塞迪亚教授将发言约30至40分钟,提出关键见解:
64	the book and Professor Liu, you will comment and share her perspective for about 15 to	这本书和刘教授, 你将评论和分享她的观点, 大约15到
65	20 minutes.	20分钟
66	And those who watching the live stream on the video accounts can leave your questions	而那些在视频账户上观看直播流的人可以留下你的问题
67	in the comment box and we will select questions and forward them to Professor Sedia and	在评论框中,我们将选择问题,并将它们转交塞迪亚教授和
68	Professor Liu for answers and last.	刘教授答及最后.
69	So then I would give the floor to Professor Sedia to begin his sharing.	因此,我请塞迪亚教授开始分享。
70	Thank you so much.	非常感谢
71	It's a pleasure and an honor to be here.	于此欢喜恭敬.
72	Thank you for the invitation.	谢谢你的邀请
73	Thank you to Liu Yu for agreeing to be part of this conversation.	感谢刘玉同意参与这次谈话.
74	I appreciate it.	谢谢
75	So I'm going to start with the opposite of click bait.	因此,我要从点击诱饵的反面开始。
76	How did I come to write a book about midlife?	我怎么来写一本关于中年的书的?
77	The answer will not surprise you.	答案不会令你惊讶。
78	It comes out of my own experience of something like crisis around middle age.	这来自我对中年危机的经验
79	And really, I think I experienced to many of us experience many midlife crises.	实际上,我想我经历过很多中年危机。
80	There's the sense of the grinding necessity of work, all the things that have to be done,	有工作需要的磨碎感所有必须做的事
81	the narrowing of options.	缩小选择范围。
82	There's the experience of regret, mistakes, misfortunes, failures in the past that we	过去有后悔、错误、不幸、失败的经历
83	have to come to terms with.	必须要接受
84	And there's mortality looming in the middle distance as the tyranny of projects and	死亡在中间的距离中隐含着...
85	everything that we have to complete day after day in our lives.	所有我们日复一日地要完成的一切
86	Now, I began to experience this early.	现在,我开始经历这么早。
87	I was about 35.	我当时大概35岁
88	I was a precocious midlife crisis experiencer.	我是一个早熟的中年危机体验者。
89	And naturally, I turned to friends for advice and mostly they just made fun of me because	自然,我转而向朋友寻求建议他们大多只是取笑我,因为
90	the midlife crisis is an embarrassing thing to go through.	中年危机是一件尴尬的事
91	And I appreciated that.	我很感激这一点。
92	I mean, that was that was a certain kind of consolation.	我是说,那是某种安慰
93	But it did leave me without much guidance.	但它确实让我没有多少指导。
94	I had the standard menu of solutions.	我有标准的解决方案菜单。
95	You know, I could quit my job.	你知道,我可以辞掉我的工作。
96	I could have an extramarital affair or I could write a naval gazing book about the	我可以有婚外情或者我可以写一本海军观赏书
97	midlife crisis.	中年危机。
98	And thankfully, my wife advised me that writing a book about it was the	幸好我妻子建议我写一本书
99	best idea.	最好点子
100	So that's what I did.	所以我就这么做了
101	And I am grateful to her for that advice.	我很感激她的建议。
102	What did I learn in thinking about this topic and writing a book about it?	我在思考这个话题和写一本书时学到了什么?
103	I mean, have I solved the midlife crisis?	我的意思是,我已经解决了中年危机?
104	I think I've made some progress that I wanted to share with readers.	我想我已经取得了一些进展,我想与读者分享.
105	And in this brief talk, I can't tell you everything that's in the book, but I'll tell	在这简短的谈话中,我不能告诉你书里的一切但我会告诉你
106	you a bit about the history of the idea of a midlife crisis, where philosophy fits in	你有点关于中年危机的历史哲学适合其中
107	and introduce two lines of thought from the book that I think are particularly resonant.	并介绍两条思路从书我认为特别共鸣。
108	So the midlife crisis is a very unusual cultural trope in that, unlike most	因此,中年危机是一个非常不寻常的文化颤抖, 与大多数
109	cliches that disappear, whose history disappears into the distant past, it has a	陈词滥调的消失,其历史消失在遥远的过去,
110	definite history and a definite point of origin.	确切的历史和确切的起源点。
111	So in 1965, this guy, Elliott Jacques, a Canadian psychoanalyst, wrote an essay	1965年,加拿大心理分析家艾略特·雅克写了一篇论文
112	called Death and the Midlife Crisis.	"死亡与中年危机"
113	And here's the key idea.	这是关键点子
114	Up till now, he said, life has seemed an endless upward slope with nothing but the	他说,直到现在,生活似乎是一个无穷无尽的上坡
115	distant horizon in view.	远处的视野。
116	Now, suddenly, I seem to have reached the crest of the hill and there, stretching	现在,突然,我似乎已经到达山峰在那里,伸展
117	ahead, is the downward slope with the end of the road in sight.	前面是路末的下坡
118	Far enough away, it's true, but there is death observably present at the end.	距离足够远,这是真的, 但死亡明显存在在结尾。
119	And that sort of idea of midlife as a period of crisis is something he explores in	那种将中年作为危机时期的想法就是他探索的
120	this essay, partly with his psychoanalytic patients, partly by looking at the history	这篇论文,部分与他的心理分析病人,部分通过看历史
121	of creative artists who have creative crises of one sort or another around the age	创作艺术家,在年龄左右有这种或那种创意危机
122	of 37, he thinks.	他以为37岁,
123	Now, that idea of the midlife crisis really came of age in the 1970s in the U.S.	20世纪70年代, 中年危机的构想在美国已经到了时代。
124	with this book, Passages by Gail Sheehy, that popularized the idea of midlife as a	这本书是Gail Sheehy的《路经》宣传了中年作为
125	time of transition and crisis.	过渡时期和危机时期。
126	This book was a popular book, but it was published at the same time as works by	这本书虽然很受欢迎,但与作品同时出版的还有:
127	academics, like Daniel Levinson at Yale wrote a book called Seasons of a Man's Life,	学者,如耶鲁大学的丹尼尔·莱文森(Daniel Levinson)写了一本名为"人类生活季刊"的书,
128	Roger Gould at UCLA wrote a book called Transformations.	加州大学洛杉矶分校的罗杰·古尔德(Roger Gould)写了一本名为"转型"的书.
129	And what followed was several decades of research on the midlife crisis.	接下来是几十年关于中年危机的研究。
130	So the short history looks something like this.	所以短史看起来是这样的。
131	There was a period of reaction to the idea of a midlife crisis.	对中年危机的构想有一段时间的反应.
132	In 1989, the MacArthur Foundation set up a research project on midlife development that	1989年,麦克阿瑟基金会建立了一个关于中年发育的研究项目。
133	由社会学家Orville Gilbert Brim管理,他发表了关于
134	midlife experience in the United States in 1995.	1995年在美国的中年经历.
135	This is a very wide ranging study with about 7000 subjects.	这是一个非常广泛的研究,有大约7000个学科.
136	And the reports that came out of that study in the early 2000s were very deflationary.	而2000年代初期该研究产生的报告非常通货紧缩.
137	They suggested that midlife really wasn't a time of crisis in particular.	他们认为中年真的不是危机时期
138	There was then a backlash to the backlash.	之后出现了反弹.
139	And here is there's much dispute in the social science about this.	社会科学中有很多关于这个的争议。
140	But if you wanted to get to get a picture of the orthodox view of life	但如果你想拍下人生中正统的观点
141	satisfaction over time, over aging, it is reflected in graphs like this that come from	随着时间的流逝,随着年龄的老化,它反映在这样的图表中。
142	economists who work on happiness.	从事幸福工作的经济学家.
143	So David Blansflower at Dartmouth College, Andrew Oswald at Warwick in the UK, studied	因此,达特茅斯学院的大卫·布兰斯花(David Blansflower),英国沃里克的安德鲁·奥斯瓦尔德(Andrew Oswald),学习
144	the relationship of happiness or life satisfaction over age for men and women and	男女在成年后幸福或生活满足的关系
145	around the world.	环绕世界.
146	And what they discovered was that it takes the form of a gently curving	他们发现的是一种轻轻的曲折
147	youth.	年轻人。
148	So it starts high in youth, bottoms out in middle age, and then goes up again in	因此,它开始高在青春,底层出在中年,然后再次上升
149	later life.	后世时.
150	And the curve is fairly gentle.	曲线相当温和。
151	But the gap between, say, the average at 20 and the average at 50 is roughly equivalent	但平均20岁和平均50岁之间的差距大致相当
152	to the dip in life satisfaction you'd associate with losing your job or getting a divorce.	与失去工作或离婚有关
153	So it's a gentle curve, but it is significant.	所以它是一个温和的曲线,但它是重要的。
154	And so although it may not be a crisis, there is some reason to think of midlife as an	所以虽然可能不是危机,但有理由认为中年是一种
155	especially challenging period.	尤其具有挑战性的时期。
156	As I said, this shows up for both men and women.	如我所说,男女皆有现相.
157	It shows up around the world.	其出现于世.
158	It's not just a first world phenomenon.	这不仅仅是第一个世界的现象。
159	And the economists who study this have done various kinds of regression analysis and so	而研究这个问题的经济学家们做了各种回归分析
160	on to try and pull out factors like parenthood.	尝试和拉出因素像父母。
161	And it seems robust in that it's not just a function of, say, dealing with children if	这似乎很有力,因为它不仅仅是一个职能,比如说,处理儿童,如果
162	you're a parent in middle age.	你是中年的家长
163	Philosophers have been largely absent from what has been an interdisciplinary	哲学家们基本上没有参加过跨学科的
164	conversation about midlife, despite the fact that philosophers have been thinking about	尽管哲学家们一直在思考
165	the question of how to live for 2500 years.	如何活2500年的问题。
166	And I don't think this is entirely an accident.	我并不认为这是个意外。
167	There is a tendency for moral philosophers, at least in the Western traditions, to frame	道德哲学家有一种倾向,至少在西方传统中,
168	their big questions about life, either in a forward looking way.	他们的大问题关于生活, 无论是向前看的方式。
169	What should I do?	我该怎么办?
170	What are my moral obligations?	我的道德义务是什么?
171	Sort of looking to the future or in a holistic way.	那种展望未来或以整体的方式。
172	What is a good human life?	人类的美好生活是什么?
173	Kind of question we ask about the whole of human life from a perspective outside it.	我们从外界的角度来问整个人类生活的问题。
174	And the predicament of midlife is neither of those.	而中年的困境也不是那样的。
175	The predicament of midlife, and really, this is, as I'll emphasize, a predicament we're	中年的困境,其实,正如我要强调的, 这是我们的困境
176	all in, is being in the middle.	都在里面,正处在中间。
177	We don't just have the future.	我们不只是有未来。
178	We have our pasts to deal with.	我们有过去要处理的
179	And we can't really think about the whole of our lives because part of our lives is	我们不能真正思考我们的整个生活,因为我们的一部分生活是
180	fixed.	已经修好了
181	It's something we can no longer change.	这是我们不能再改变的东西。
182	We have to simply come to terms with it.	我们必须简单地理解这一点。
183	There's a lot of future to deal with, but not a whole life's work.	将来要处理很多事,但不是一生的工作.
184	And I think it's in this in the midst period and the kind of questions it raises that we	我认为这是在这个时期和它提出的问题,我们
185	face problems about missing out and regret and mortality.	面临失踪、后悔和死亡的问题。
186	And I think those are problems ultimately not just for the middle aged like me, but	我认为,这些问题最终不仅仅是我这样的中年老人的问题,
187	for anyone who's coping with the irreversibility of time, with the fact that we live life	面对时间的不可逆转面对我们生活的事实
188	from within and that we have a past we must deal with and a limited future that is	从内部出发,我们有一个过去,我们必须处理,一个有限的未来,那就是
189	constrained by that past.	受过去束缚
190	Can philosophy help us to deal with this?	哲学能帮助我们处理吗?
191	I think the answer is yes, it can.	我认为答案是肯定的,它可以。
192	And my book attempts to give partial answers to some of these many midlife crises.	我的书试图对许多中年危机给出部分答案。
193	In a way, it engages in the form of abstract cognitive therapy.	在某种程度上,它以抽象认知疗法的形式参与.
194	So where a cognitive therapist might try to unpack your false beliefs about your	所以,一个认知治疗师可能试图解开你虚假的信念关于你的
195	relationship with your mother, I try to unpack misconceptions or misunderstandings of	我试图解开错误或误解
196	what a good life looks like or how to live that are quite pervasive.	一个美好的生活是什么样子如何过着很普遍的生活
197	And by uncovering those misconceptions, change our relationship to our own lives.	通过揭开这些误解改变我们与自己生活的关系
198	Here, I'm rejoining a tradition on which philosophy is in a way continuous with self	在这里,我重新加入一个传统哲学在某种意义上与自我是连续的
199	health.	卫生。
200	A lot of contemporary philosophers in the US and in the UK have a kind of	美国和英国许多当代哲学家
201	embarrassed relationship to the idea of self-help.	与自救思想的关系尴尬.
202	There's been a resurgence of interest in stoicism in recent years as a kind of self-help	近些年来,人们重新对斯图主义感兴趣,认为这是一种自助
203	tradition.	传统。
204	And I think that's important, but I think it has a tendency to look	我认为这是重要的, 但我认为它有一个倾向看
205	backwards, to say there was some past in which great philosophers had life advice	倒着说,有些过去伟大的哲学家有人生建议
206	for us.	为了我们
207	And part of what I wanted to do in this book was suggest that it's not just	我想在这本书中做的一部分是暗示这不仅仅是
208	past philosophers, but contemporary philosophy that has a lot of ideas that	过去的哲学家,但当代哲学有很多想法
209	philosophers may not have applied to the practical issues of daily living, but that	哲学家可能没有适用于日常生活的实际问题,但
210	can be applied to them.	可以适用于它们。
211	So what I wrote was a kind of cerebral self-help book that has roughly eleven and a	所以我写了一本脑自救书大约有11本
212	half ideas for managing midlife, but coming to terms with the past, the present and the	半个管理中年的想法, 但与过去,现在和
213	future.	未来
214	There is a chapter on facing death, which is one of the things we may think	有一章关于面对死亡, 这是我们可能认为的事情之一
215	about in midlife.	大约在中年。
216	I'm not going to talk about that now.	我现在不谈那个
217	It's too depressing, but I think about some of the ways in which philosophy might or	这太压抑了但我想了一些哲学可能或
218	might not offer consolations for mortality.	可能不会为死亡提供安慰。
219	What I'm going to talk about today are ways in which philosophical thinking about how	我今天要谈的是如何用哲学来思考
220	to live can help us come to terms with the difficulties of the present.	生活可以帮助我们解决目前的困难。
221	And I'm going to start with the past.	而从过去起.
222	So as life goes on, our possibilities narrow, our options become constrained, past	所以随着生命的继续,我们的可能性缩小, 我们的选择变得有限,过去
223	decisions create limits and leave a mark on how our lives can go.	决策造成了限制,给我们的生活留下了印记。
224	Even if our lives go relatively well, we're going to have to confront the fact that by	即使我们的生活进展得比较好,我们也必须面对这样一个事实:
225	midlife, we know there are all kinds of lives we will never live.	中年,我们知道有各种各样的生命我们永远不会生活。
226	We can call this the problem of missing out.	我们可以把这叫做失踪问题
227	The idea that midlife is a time to just concede that there are things you'll never	认为中年是承认有些事情你永远不会
228	do.	说吧
229	There are lives you will never live.	有些生命你永远不会活着。
230	So for me, that that involved looking back and thinking, yeah, it's not that I'm	所以对我来说,那涉及回顾和思考, 是的,我不是
231	unhappy to be a philosopher.	做哲学家很不高兴
232	It's in many ways a wonderful way of life.	在许多方面,这是一种美妙的生活方式.
233	But there were things I wanted to do that now I recognize are just not going to	但有些事情我想做,现在我意识到只是不会
234	happen.	发生。
235	When I was a kid, I wanted to be a poet.	幼年时,想成为诗人.
236	I don't think I'm going to be a poet, certainly not the kind of poet I dreamed of	我不认为我会成为一个诗人, 肯定不是那种我梦想的诗人
237	then in the remainder of my life.	然后在我的余生中,
238	My dad wanted me to be a doctor, a physician, and I conceivably could drop	我爸爸希望我成为医生,医生而我可以想象到会掉下去
239	everything and go to med school, but I'm not going to.	所有东西都去医学院但我不会去的
240	How can philosophy help us understand those kinds of losses in our lives?	哲学如何帮助我们理解我们生活中的这些损失?
241	I think it can do so by helping by contracting sort of two kinds of decisions we	我认为它可以这样做,通过帮助通过签订排序两种决定我们
242	make and two kinds of value.	制造和两种价值。
243	So here's one kind of decision you might make involves what philosophers call	所以,你可能会做出一个决定涉及到哲学家所谓的
244	commensurable values.	相应值.
245	So if I say to you, do you want fifty dollars or a hundred dollars?	所以如果我告诉你,你想要50美元还是100美元?
246	I suspect you'll say, I'll take the hundred dollars and you will not be	我想你会说,我拿一百块,你不会
247	tortured by regret at the fact that you didn't get the fifty like the hundred is	很遗憾你没有得到50块像100块
248	just all of that and more.	这一切和更多。
249	But most decisions we face are not like that.	但我们面对的大多数决定都不是这样。
250	If I say you want to listen to a talk or go to a concert, you might be pretty	如果我说你想听话或去看音乐会,你可能很漂亮
251	confident you want to listen to the talk.	自信你想听话
252	But that won't compensate for missing out on the concert because the values there	但这并不能弥补音乐会的错过因为那里的价值
253	are, as philosophers say, incommensurable.	如哲学家所说,是不可容忍的。
254	There's a kind of pluralism about value we have to deal with.	对于我们必须处理的价值,有一种多元化.
255	That's what underlies the phenomenon of missing out in midlife.	这就是中年缺失现象的根源.
256	And I think thinking of it in terms of value pluralism helps us to reframe	我想从价值多元主义的角度来思考它有助于我们重新塑造
257	what's going on in a way that makes it less regrettable.	正在发生什么的方式使它更不遗憾。
258	Here's a way to think about it.	以此观想.
259	That experience of missing out at midlife is really the inevitable consequence of	中年失学的体验确实是无法避免的后果
260	something good, something we shouldn't wish away the fact that there are so many	有些东西是好的,有些东西我们不应该希望消失的事实,有这么多
261	different kinds of things worth wanting.	各种各样的东西值得期待。
262	Ask yourself, what would my life have to be like to avoid the problem of missing	问问你自己,我的生活会是什么样子以避免失踪的问题
263	out?	出来?
264	There's really only one way you could do that.	你只有一个办法
265	You have to either impoverish the world or your own responses to the world so	你要么使世界陷入贫困要么你自己对世界的反应如此
266	you're not capable of appreciating this diversity of goods that the world has to	你无法欣赏世界所必须的多样化商品
267	offer.	提议。
268	And on reflection, that really isn't a desirable way to live.	想想看,这真的不是理想的生活方式。
269	Plato talks about this in a version of this in the Philebus.	柏拉图在菲勒布斯的一个版本中谈到了这一点.
270	He says, you know, if all you cared about was pleasure, you would not live a human	他说,你知道,如果你只关心快乐, 你就不会活在人类的生活中
271	life but the life of a mollusk or one of those creatures and shells that lives in	但软体动物或生活在其中的生物和贝壳的生命
272	the sea.	临Τ
273	The phenomenon of missing out is an inevitable side effect of something we	失踪是不可避免的副作用
274	should welcome and celebrate, namely that we are capable of appreciating a diversity	应该欢迎和庆祝,即我们能够欣赏多样性
275	of goods in the world and that the world offers us that diversity.	以及世界为我们提供这种多样性。
276	OK, well, that's fine if what you're dealing with is a basically OK life and you're	好吧,好吧,如果你处理的基本上是一个OK的生活而你是
277	just noticing that there are lots of other good lives out there.	只是注意到外面还有很多其他的美好生活
278	What about the kinds of frustration, the kinds of regret that are not inevitable?	那种挫折感,那种后悔不是不可避免的呢?
279	So what about looking back at things that are mistakes or misfortunes or failures,	那么回顾那些错误或不幸或失败的东西,
280	things that you really shouldn't have done or you shouldn't have suffered or that really	那些你不该做的事或者你不该受苦的事
281	just did not turn out as they should?	只是没有结果他们应该吗?
282	That is a harder case.	这是一个更困难的情况。
283	Here's a quote from Richard Ford's novel, The Sportswriters.	以下是理查德·福特的小说"体育作家"的引文.
284	He says, for now, let me say only this.	他说,现在,让我只说这个。
285	If sports writing teaches you anything and there is much truth to it as well as plenty	如果体育写作教给你什么, 有很多真理和丰富的
286	of lies, it's that for your life to be worth anything, you must sooner or later face the	谎言,这是你的生活值得任何东西, 你迟早要面对
287	possibility of terrible, searing regret that you must also manage to avoid it or your	可能令人深为遗憾,你还必须设法避免,或者你
288	life will be ruined.	生命会毁灭的
289	So great.	真不错
290	Thank you for the advice, narrator of The Sportswriters.	谢谢你的建议体育作家的旁白
291	The advice is just, well, don't screw up because if you do, it's too late.	忠告只是,好了,不要搞砸了因为如果你这样做,为时已晚。
292	There's nothing you can do about it.	无所不至.
293	But it really isn't too late.	但还不算太晚
294	There's an often misquoted line by William Faulkner, the past is never dead.	威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)经常引用错误的台词,过去从未死过.
295	It's not even past.	乃至未过.
296	And what he's thinking about there is not time travel, but the possibility of a kind	他所想的不是时间旅行而是某种可能性
297	of retrospective shift in how we think about the past and the kind of retrospective	我们如何思考过去和回顾
298	affirmation.	证实。
299	Now, that can happen when things turn out better than they expected.	现在,当事情变得比预期的好的时候, 事情就会这样。
300	But even when they don't, we can rationally reorient ourselves to past events.	但即使没有,我们也能合理地调整方向,适应过去的事件.
301	We can change how we feel about mistakes that cannot be changed.	我们可以改变我们对无法改变的错误的感受。
302	So I'm going to start with a simple case and then generalize the case.	所以我先从一个简单的案子开始然后概括一下这个案子
303	I want to start with is one that has been important in philosophy, but also, I think,	首先我想说在哲学中很重要的一点, 但是,我想,
304	familiar to a lot of people, which is thinking about mistakes that lie in the history of	很多人很熟悉,他们正在思考历史上的错误
305	the conception and now the existence of people you love.	现在还有你所爱的人的存在
306	So philosopher Derek Parfit talks about a case he calls the temporary condition.	所以哲学家德里克·帕菲特谈到一个他称之为暂时条件的案件.
307	So he imagines someone who has temporarily a medical condition, which means that if they	所以他想象一个暂时有病的人, 这意味着如果他们
308	conceive now, their child will be born with a serious but not life destroying disability,	设想一下,他们的孩子将出生严重但不会毁灭生命的残疾,
309	maybe recurrent migraines.	也许经常出现偏头痛
310	And he says, well, in that situation, you should probably wait till this temporary	他说,在这种情况下,你也许应该等到这个暂时的
311	condition has gone away before you conceive a child.	在你生孩子之前,病情已经消失
312	But the interesting thing for us is if you don't wait, if you go ahead and conceive a	但对我们来说,有趣的是,如果你不等待,如果你去并设想一个
313	child and your child has recurrent migraines, you look back at that decision with a kind	孩子和孩子经常偏头痛, 你以某种方式回顾一下这个决定
314	of complicated ambivalence.	复杂的矛盾。
315	It was a mistake.	这是一个错误。
316	You should have waited.	你应该等的
317	But it's very hard now to unambiguously regret that decision because the life of your	但是现在很难毫不含糊地后悔这个决定因为你的生命
318	child depends on it.	孩子要靠这个
319	So you can do this for yourself.	这样你就能为自己着想了
320	If you're a parent, you can just think through the lapses and adversities in your life that	如果你是父母,你可以从生活中的失误和逆境思考
321	lie in the history of your child's conception, ones that if you hadn't made those mistakes,	躺在你孩子的怀孕史上如果你没有犯这些错误
322	you hadn't suffered those misfortunes, you wouldn't have had sex.	你没有遭受这些不幸, 你就不会做爱。
323	You wouldn't have conceived a child when you did.	你就不会生孩子了
324	You wouldn't have had this child.	你不会有这个孩子。
325	Your child wouldn't exist.	你的孩子不会存在。
326	And ask yourself, which of those mistakes or misfortunes do I accept as the price of	问问你自己我接受哪些错误或不幸作为代价
327	her existence?	她的存在?
328	Those are aspects of the past that you can't simply regret, even though	这些都是过去的一些方面,你不能仅仅后悔,尽管
329	at the time you maybe should have not done those things or should have deplored those	那时你也许不该做那些事情或者应该对那些
330	events.	事件。
331	OK, what kind of advice can we get from this is the suggestion?	好吧,我们能从这个建议得到什么样的建议?
332	Well, when you make a mistake, quickly conceive another child and that will somehow, you	好吧,当你犯了一个错误, 很快地怀上另一个孩子, 不知怎么的,你
333	know, redeem the past.	赎回过去
334	That is not the advice I'm giving, partly because the phenomenon here is essentially	这不是我的建议部分是因为这里的现象
335	retrospective and partly because I don't think it's specific to children.	追溯性,部分是因为我不认为它是针对儿童的.
336	I think it generalizes to other aspects of our lives.	我认为它概括到我们生活的其他方面。
337	This is the key idea.	这是关键的想法。
338	So here's a passage from Virginia Woolf, who is comparing her	这是维吉尼亚·伍尔夫的一段话他比较了她
339	life with that of her sister, Vanessa Bell, and thinking about the fact that she, Virginia	和她的妹妹Vanessa Bell一起生活并且想到她弗吉尼亚
340	Woolf, does not have children.	伍尔夫,没有孩子。
341	We came back from Rodmell yesterday, and I'm in one of my moods, as the nurses used to	我们昨天从罗德梅尔回来, 我有一个心情,像护士一样
342	call it today.	今唤作么.
343	And what is it and why?	它是什么和为什么?
344	A desire for children, I suppose, Vanessa's life.	对孩子的渴望,我想,凡妮莎的生命。
345	That's what she calls her sister Vanessa, for the sense of flowers breaking all around	她就是这么叫她的妹妹Vanessa的因为花朵到处乱花的感觉
346	me involuntarily.	我非自愿的。
347	Years and years ago, after a little affair, I said to myself, never	多年以前,经过一段小恋情, 我对自己说,从来没有
348	pretend that the things you haven't got are not worth having.	假装你没有的东西不值得拥有。
349	Good advice, I think.	不错的建议,我想。
350	At least it often comes back to me.	至少它经常回到我身边
351	Never pretend that children, for instance, can be replaced by other things.	永远不要假装儿童可以被其他东西取代。
352	And then a few years later, she reflects again after her novel Orlando is published.	然后几年后,她在小说"奥兰多"出版后再次反思.
353	Orlando is recognized for the masterpiece that it is.	奥兰多因其杰作而获得认可.
354	The Times does not mention Vanessa's pictures, yet she said last night, I spent a long time	"泰晤士报"没有提到凡妮莎的照片但她昨晚说我花了很长时间
355	over one of them.	超过其中之一。
356	But I think to myself, so I have something instead of children and	但我想自己, 所以我有东西代替孩子,
357	fall comparing our lives.	掉下来比较我们的生活。
358	I note my own withdrawal from those desires, my absorption in what I call inaccurately	我注意到我自己从这些欲望中退出,我的吸收,我所说的不准确
359	ideas, this vision.	这个想法
360	So can art and creativity play the same kind of	艺术和创造力也一样
361	role as an object of attachment that children play, allowing us to mute or modify	作为儿童所扮演的依恋对象,让我们能够轻声或修改
362	regret about the past?	后悔过去?
363	And if so, what else can play that role and how?	如果是这样,还有什么可以发挥这种作用的?
364	The philosopher Robert Adams suggests that this is a completely general feature of our	哲学家罗伯特·亚当斯认为这完全是我们
365	attachment to the particulars of our existing lives.	关注我们目前生活的细节。
366	So he says, what we're attached to in ourselves is not just our bare metaphysical	所以他说,我们所依附的不仅仅是我们裸体的物理
367	identity, but also projects, friendships and at least some of the most important	包括项目、友谊和至少一些最重要的
368	features of our personal history and character.	我们个人历史和性格的特点
369	If our lives are good, we have the same sort of reason to be glad we have had them	如果我们的生活是好的, 我们有同样的理由高兴我们有他们
370	rather than lives that would have been even better, but are too thoroughly different	而不是生活本来会更好, 但太完全不同
371	as we have to be like that we exist and not better and happier people instead of us.	因为我们必须像那样存在而不是更好更幸福的人
372	So I think there's something deep there, but also something puzzling.	所以我觉得那里有些很深, 但也有些令人困惑。
373	How can we make sense of it?	我们怎么解释呢?
374	It's one thing to point to the existence of your child as a reason to affirm some bad	以你孩子的存在为理由来证实一些坏事
375	decision without which it wouldn't have happened.	没有它就不会发生的决定。
376	And we also point to the existence of actual activities in our lives or actual	我们还指出,我们生活中存在实际活动或实际活动。
377	relationships as reasons to affirm bad decisions or bad events.	关系是肯定坏决定或坏事件的理由。
378	If so, how can we make that?	如果是,我们如何做到这一点?
379	How can that be rational?	这怎么可能是理性的?
380	But how can it be rational to prefer what you acknowledge is a worse life than some	但更喜欢你承认的生活怎么会比别人更糟糕
381	alternative life you could have lived in a life that would have been better, but too	你本可以过上更好的生活
382	thoroughly different as Adams puts it.	亚当斯说的完全不同
383	Here's what I think is going on.	我想是这样的
384	I think there's a key difference between thinking that something would be good and	我认为,有一个关键区别是认为东西会是好的和
385	knowing what makes it good, between knowing that there are reasons to want something,	知道是什么让它好, 从知道有理由想要的东西,
386	another life maybe, and knowing exactly what they are.	另一种可能的生活, 并确切地知道他们是什么。
387	I think what we can place against the nebulous fact that our lives could have been	我想我们可以用什么来抵挡模糊的事实,我们的生活可能是
388	better are all the concrete specific ways in which our actual lives are, if flawed,	如果生活有缺陷,那么更好的是所有具体的具体方式。
389	if imperfect, at least somewhat.	如果不完美,至少有点。
390	So, you know, maybe I should have been what my dad would call a real doctor, a	所以,你知道,也许我应该是我爸会称为真正的医生,一个
391	physician, but I have only a schematic sense of what that would have been like.	医生,但我只有一种图解感本来会是什么样子。
392	And I know incomparably more about the details of life as a teacher of philosophy.	作为哲学的老师,我对生活的细节有不相称的了解。
393	And we live in details, not abstractions.	我们生活在细节而不是抽象中。
394	We respond much more strongly to the facts that make something good in all their	我们更强烈地回应事实使所有的东西
395	specificities than to the featureless, generic fact that something else, maybe	与无特征的、一般的事实相比,其他的,也许
396	some other life, would have been better.	其他的生活,会更好。
397	And if that's rational, then it is rational to be glad you made a choice that you	如果这是理性的, 那么,这是理性的,
398	still believe is a worse choice.	还是相信是更糟糕的选择
399	What we're seeing here is that there's a kind of mistake in stepping back, in	我们所看到的是, 这是一种错误后退,在
400	abstracting from the details of your life that make it good, to ask what you	从你的生活细节中抽象出来, 使它好, 问你什么
401	should want in the abstract.	应该是抽象的。
402	There's a kind of error we fall into in looking at our lives in a detached and	一种错误,我们掉进在看我们的生活在分离和
403	theoretical way, and that we abandon a rational source of affirmation of our	理论方法,我们放弃了理性的肯定来源
404	imperfect lives, mainly the specific ways in which they're good.	不完美的生活,主要是他们表现良好的具体方式.
405	We should zoom in on that and let the specifics count against the grand or two	我们应该放大这个,让细节数到一两
406	of lives unlived.	生命没有生命
407	Now, I'm not saying that will deal with every kind of regret.	现在,我不是说,那会处理各种后悔。
408	It's a way to mute or qualify the regret we might feel about mistakes in our	这是一种消音或限定我们可能感到的遗憾在我们的错误
409	lives, misfortunes in our lives, things that we've been through that we wish we	生活,我们生活中的不幸, 我们经历过的东西,我们希望
410	hadn't been through.	还没有通过。
411	And it has its limits, but it is a tool that we have available to us.	它有其局限性,但它是我们可以利用的工具。
412	And I think we neglect it at our peril.	我认为我们忽略了它对我们的危险。
413	OK, I'm going to turn finally to the present and to what was really the core	好,我终于要转向现在以及真正的核心
414	of my midlife crisis, which was partly about regret and lost opportunities.	我的中年危机, 这部分是关于遗憾和失去的机会。
415	But really, I think what I was struggling with and what some of you may be	但是,真的,我想我挣扎着什么和你们中可能的一些
416	struggling with is the shape of everyday life.	挣扎是日常生活的形态
417	So I was in a very fortunate position.	我当时很幸运
418	I had outward success.	我有外向的成功。
419	I jumped the hurdles of the academic career track.	我跳过了学术生涯的障碍
420	I had a Ph.D., I had a job, I had tenure, I had a promotion.	我有博士学位,有工作,有任期,有晋升.
421	And at that point, I stepped back to back and wondered, well, what now?	那时,我回到后面,想,现在怎么办?
422	What next?	接下来呢?
423	I thought, well, I'll finish whatever paper I'm working on and I'll try to get	我想,好吧,我会完成任何我的工作论文,我会尝试得到
424	it published and then I guess I'll just write another and then I'll finish	出版之后,我想我会再写一个然后完成
425	teaching this class and these students will graduate and they'll move on and	教这个班,这些学生会毕业他们会继续,
426	then I'll teach some more students.	然后我会教更多的学生。
427	I was in a kind of academic groundhog days, repeating the same thing was over	我在一个学术土拨鼠的日子, 重复同样的事情结束了
428	again, and I thought, well, these things are worth doing.	再说一遍,我想,这些事情是值得的。
429	It wasn't that I thought it was pointless, but there was a kind of hollowness	并不是我认为这是毫无意义的, 但有一种空洞
430	or emptiness at the heart of it.	或以虚空为中心.
431	It's not just work.	这不仅仅是工作。
432	You can have the same experience in personal life, a sense that, you know,	你可以有同样的经历个人生活,一种感觉,你知道,
433	you've had the first kiss or you've had your first girlfriend or you've lost	你第一次接吻或者第一个女朋友或者你输了
434	your virginity or you got married or you had kids and those landmarks are now	你的贞操或者你结婚了或者你有孩子那些地标现在
435	over and now what?	现在呢?
436	The future looms empty again.	未来又渐渐虚空.
437	A favorite comedian, Stuart Lee calls this quote, the sheer interminable	一个最喜欢的喜剧演员,斯图尔特·李称这个引言, 纯粹是永恒的
438	human joy of it all.	人类的快乐
439	And I think that's a great phrase because it's not about not seeing the value in	我认为这是一个伟大的短语因为它不是关于不看到价值英寸
440	what you're doing.	汝作么生会.
441	It's finding a hollowness in the repetition of projects throughout your life.	它发现一个空洞的重复项目在你的一生。
442	Now, if anything is a, can feel like a first world problem, this is it, but	现在,如果什么是,可以感觉像第一个世界问题, 这就是它,但
443	actually I think the problem I was dealing with is really a deep philosophical	其实我觉得我处理的问题真的是个深刻的哲学问题
444	puzzle about desire and fulfillment and about living a meaningful life.	关于欲望和满足的谜题关于过有意义的生活
445	It's about a way in which we can experience a crisis, even when we're doing	这是关于一个方法我们可以经历一个危机, 即使我们这样做
446	things that matter.	重要的东西。
447	Life can feel like a succession of projects, each one completed and then	生活可以感觉连续的项目, 每个完成,然后
448	left behind.	留下来
449	You ask yourself, well, what does it all add up to in the end?	你问自己,嗯,这一切加起来最终是什么?
450	They seem worthwhile, teaching a class, taking my kids to schools, they, but	他们似乎值得,教一个班, 带我的孩子去学校,他们,但
451	there's something hollow in this endless pursuit of one thing after another.	在无休止的追逐中有些空洞的东西
452	The paradox is that repeated success can feel like failure.	悖论是,反复的成功可以感到失败.
453	What has gone wrong?	出什么问题了?
454	Like any paradox, I think this one calls for philosophical treatment.	与任何悖论一样,我认为这个需要哲学的处理.
455	And in thinking about it, I turned to the German philosopher, Arthur	在思考的时候,我转向了德国哲学家亚瑟
456	Schopenhauer, who's born in Danzig.	施本豪尔,生于但泽.
457	It's now Gdansk, Poland in 1788.	现为1788年波兰格但斯克.
458	He was the son of a merchant and a popular novelist.	他是商人和流行小说家的儿子.
459	And, uh, he had an interesting formative life.	他的成长生活很有趣
460	He agreed to run the family business.	他同意经营家族企业.
461	She didn't really want to do as a condition of going on a European tour	她不想做一个条件去欧洲巡演
462	with his parents turned out to be a preposterously unfortunate decision.	与他的父母证明是一个荒谬的不幸的决定。
463	So he, he witnessed execute public executions in London was horrified.	因此,他目睹了伦敦公开处决被吓坏了.
464	He saw public prisons in France.	他看到了法国的公共监狱.
465	He witnessed the wretchedness of human life.	他目睹了人类生命的悲惨
466	It was like the Buddha's formative encounter with sickness, old age, pain,	就像菩萨的成长遭遇疾病、年老、痛苦
467	and death, the worst family vacation you can imagine after his father's suicide.	和死亡, 最糟糕的家庭假期你可以想象在他的父亲自杀后。
468	He quit the family business, finally earned his doctorate.	他辞去了家族生意,最终获得了博士学位.
469	Um, it was called the fourfold route to the principle of sufficient reason.	嗯,它被称为四倍路线到充分理由的原则。
470	It was dismissed by his mother, Johanna as unreadable.	它被他的母亲约翰娜(Johanna)辞退为不可读.
471	She said it was a book written for pharmacists that no one would read.	她说这是一本给药剂师写的书没人会看
472	He went to Berlin, got a job as a lecturer, scheduled his lectures against those of	他去了柏林,找到一份讲师的工作, 安排他的演讲对抗那些
473	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who was the most popular philosopher of the time.	格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔是当时最受欢迎的哲学家.
474	It was like scheduling a TV pilot against the Superbowl.	这就像安排一个电视飞行员对抗超级碗。
475	Like no one came.	像没有人来。
476	It was really only very late in life that Schopenhauer achieved a measure of fame.	生前只有很晚舍本豪尔才有名声
477	Now hearing about Schopenhauer's life, you might think, well, it's no surprise that	现在听到Schopenhauer的生平, 你可能会认为, 嗯,这并不奇怪,
478	he was suspicious of desire, the idea of aiming for what you want.	他对欲望有怀疑想要达到目的的想法
479	He experienced so much frustration, but his position is alarmingly bleak.	他经历了这么多的挫折,但他的立场令人吃惊地暗淡。
480	It's not that his desires or our desires are too often frustrated, but actually	并不是他的欲望或我们的欲望经常被挫败而是实际上
481	that it's just as bad to get what you want.	得到你想要的也一样糟糕
482	He thinks desire is in a certain way futile.	他认为欲望在某种程度上是徒劳的.
483	So here's his dilemma.	这就是他的困境。
484	He says the basis of all willing is need, lack, and hence pain.	他说所有意愿的基础都是需要、缺乏和痛苦。
485	And by its very nature and origin, the animal is therefore destined to pain.	根据其性质和起源,动物因此注定会痛苦。
486	If on the other hand, it lacks objects of willing because it is at once deprived	如果相反,它缺乏自愿的对象,因为它一时被剥夺
487	of them again, by too easy a satisfaction, a fearful emptiness and boredom come over it.	在他们中间,又以太容易的满足,恐怖的空虚和厌倦,降临他们。
488	In other words, its being in its existence become an intolerable burden for it.	换言之,它的存在成为它无法容忍的负担。
489	Hence it swings like a pendulum to and fro between pain and boredom.	因此,它挥动像一个倒数与疼痛和无聊之间。
490	And these two are in fact, its ultimate constituents.	事实上,这两个是其最终的成分。
491	Now you might think, okay, that's a little bit of an overstatement.	现在,你可能会认为, 好吧, 这是一个有点多报。
492	I mean, you know, you complete your goals.	我的意思是,你知道, 你完成你的目标。
493	You just pick new ones.	你只是选新的
494	You're not going to run out.	你不会耗尽的
495	And the pursuit of what you want isn't pure agony, but I think he was	追求你想要的并不是纯粹的痛苦, 但我认为他是
496	really onto something here.	真正在这里的东西。
497	He's pointing to the internal defects of what I call the project driven life.	他指的是我所谓的工程驱动生命的内部缺陷
498	Here's the worry.	这是担心。
499	If you are pursuing a goal, satisfaction is always deferred to the future.	如果你追求一个目标,满足总是被推迟到未来。
500	You're not there yet.	你还没到
501	You don't have what you want.	汝无所求.
502	So it's frustrating or the moment you have it, well, that's done.	所以,它令人沮丧或者当你有它的时候, 好了,结束了。
503	It's archived in the past.	存档于过去.
504	Even worse, your pursuit of a, of a goal is in a way self subversive.	更糟糕的是,你追求一个目标是一种自我颠覆的方式。
505	There's a source of meaning in your life.	尔时世尊有情之源.
506	And what you're doing by pursuing that goal is extinguishing it.	你追求这个目标所做的就是消灭它。
507	It's like you're, if you were to make friends with someone just for	这就像你,如果你要交朋友与某人只是为了
508	the sake of saying goodbye, it doesn't make sense.	为了说再见,这是没有道理的。
509	对Schopenhauer来说就是这样
510	That's the human condition.	这就是人类的状况。
511	There's no way to avoid that self subversion in the structure of human activity.	在人类活动的结构中无法避免这种自我颠覆.
512	但重要的是, Schopenhauer 错了。
513	There are two kinds of activity that we can distinguish using, using	有两种活动我们可以区分使用,使用
514	terminology drawn from linguistics.	来自语言学的术语。
515	I call these telic activities from the Greek word telos or end or goal and	我称之为这些电话活动来自希腊语的"telos"或 "结束或目标"
516	a telic activities, which don't aim at a goal.	电话活动,它不是针对一个目标。
517	Aristotle actually draws the same distinction using different terminology.	亚里士多德实际上用不同的术语来作出同样的区分.
518	He distinguishes kinesis, uh, which is telical goal-directed and	他区分动脉瘤,呃,这是电话目标定向和
519	energeia, which is a telic, um, or not completable.	engelgeia,这是一个电话,嗯,或不完全。
520	He says, this is a telic activity.	他说,这是一个电话活动。
521	If you're learning something you've not at the same time learned that's in the	如果你正在学习一些你还没有同时学到的,这是在
522	future, but there are also activities like seeing at the same time one is	未来,但也有一些活动比如同时看到一个
523	seeing and has seen is understanding and has understood is thinking and has thought.	观察和观察是理解,理解是思考和思考。
524	So what's the contrast here?	那么这里的对比是什么?
525	The idea is if you've got a telic activity or project, you're	想法是,如果你有一个电话活动或项目,你是
526	aiming at a terminal state.	瞄准终端状态
527	You're engaging in an activity that can be completed.	你正在从事一项可以完成的活动。
528	Might be getting married, might be writing a book, might be getting a job.	可能要结婚可能要写书可能要找到工作
529	With those kinds of activities, satisfaction is always in the future or	由于这些活动,满足总是在将来,或者
530	the past, and what you're doing is trying to extinguish them.	过去,你正在做的是试图消灭他们。
531	If that is how your life is oriented, if you have a kind of telic orientation,	如果这就是你生活的方向如果你有某种心灵感应
532	if you're excessively invested in projects, I think like me at midlife,	如果你在项目上投资过大, 我想像我在中年,
533	you'll start to experience the sense of hollowness because the present is always	你会开始体验空虚的感觉因为现在总是
534	in a certain way empty and self-undermining.	以某种方式空虚和自我破坏。
535	It is a common mistake we can fall into in that project-driven mindset.	这是我们在项目驱动的心态中可能遇到的一个共同错误。
536	Which is to recognize that there's something wrong with our lives and to	也就是承认我们的生活有问题
537	think, well, it must be that I've picked the wrong activities and then switch to	想想看一定是我选错了活动然后转投
538	others, you know, that's one reason, a bad reason to quit your job, leave your	其他人,你知道,这就是一个原因, 一个坏的原因辞掉你的工作,离开你的
539	wife and, you know, have an extramarital affair.	老婆,还有婚外情
540	There might be good reasons to do those things, but the fact that you're engaged	也许有很好的理由做这些事但事实上你订婚了
541	in projects that have this telic goal-directed structure is not one of them.	在有这种目标导向结构的项目中,不是其中之一。
542	But not all activities are like that.	但并非所有的活动都是这样的。
543	This is what Schopenhauer missed.	这是舍本豪尔错过的。
544	Atelic activities don't aim at terminal states.	食药活动不针对终端状态.
545	They can't be completed.	他们不能完成。
546	I mean, you'll stop doing them at some point, but you can't finish them.	我的意思是,你会停止做一段时间, 但你不能完成它们。
547	So examples of that might be parenting.	可能就是养育子女的例子
548	You don't finish parenting.	你没有完成养育。
549	It's an ongoing activity.	这是一个持续的活动。
550	At some point you're going to stop, but you don't complete it.	你总有一天会停下来,但是你没有完成它。
551	Or instead of writing a book, consider the activity of doing philosophy,	或者不写一本书,考虑做哲学的活动,
552	thinking philosophically, or whatever your job is.	思考哲学,或不管你的工作是什么。
553	Almost certainly at work, there are projects you undertake, and then there's	几乎肯定在工作中,有你的项目,然后
554	some atelic, non-goal-directed threads that runs through all those projects.	一些非目标线条贯穿所有这些项目
555	It is an activity you don't complete, but continually engage in.	这是一种你没有完成的活动, 但继续从事。
556	And part of what's striking about atelic activities, this is what Aristotle is	亚里士多德就是这么回事
557	pointing to in the quote on the slide, is that as well as being uncompletable,	在幻灯片的引文中指出,那不仅是不能完成的,
558	they don't bring the sense of frustration that satisfaction is always in the	他们不会带来挫折感满足总是在
559	future or in the past, because they're realized in the present as much as they	未来或过去, 因为他们在现在和现在一样
560	ever can be realized.	永远可以实现。
561	If what you value is parenting, and you're parenting, you have what you value	如果你珍视的是养育,而你是养育, 你有你珍视
562	right now.	现在
563	Same with listening to philosophy.	跟听哲学一样
564	What you value is listening to a philosopher talk about the midlife.	你珍视的是听一个哲学家关于中年的演讲。
565	You've got exactly what you want right now.	你现在得到了你想要的
566	Don't worry, though.	不过别担心
567	This talk is about to end.	这个话题即将结束。
568	It is atelic activity.	这是食肉动物活动。
569	It's a project.	这是一个项目。
570	It's going to reach its climax.	将达其高潮.
571	I think that the solution to one kind of midlife crisis is to invest more	我认为解决一种中年危机的办法就是投资更多
572	fully in the process of what you're doing in atelic activities.	完全在你的饮食活动过程中
573	For me, that meant going back to the magic of thinking about philosophical	对我来说,这意味着回到思考哲学的魔法
574	questions, teaching students, learning with them, not for the sake of producing	问题, 教学生, 与他们学习, 不是为了生产
575	another article I could publish or getting them to graduate, but for its own	另一篇文章我可以发表或让他们毕业, 但为了自己的
576	sake, valuing that ongoing activity in itself.	因此,要重视这一持续活动本身。
577	I don't think it's easy to make this transition.	我认为这种过渡并不容易.
578	I think there are all kinds of obstacles, both internal, psychological,	我认为有各种各样的障碍, 无论是内部,心理,
579	and external, to shifting from this atelic project-directed mindset to a	外在的,从这种以项目为导向的思想转变到
580	more atelic one.	多吃一点
581	You can ask me about that in Q&A.	你可以问我在QQA。
582	Nor do I think we should give up on projects.	我认为我们也不应放弃项目。
583	I mean, some of our goals really matter, and it is important to achieve them.	我的意思是,我们的一些目标真的很重要,实现这些目标是重要的。
584	It's just that we shouldn't value them exclusively, failing to see the value in	只是我们不应该只看重他们看不到他们的价值
585	the ongoing activities.	正在开展的活动。
586	We should meditate on the value of the process, a value that isn't exhausted by	我们应该思考一下这个过程的价值这个价值并没有被
587	engagement or deferred to the future, but realized here and now.	接触或推迟到未来, 但在这里和现在实现。
588	And to appreciate that value is to fill this emptiness or void in the pursuit of	欣赏这一价值就是在追求
589	goals by living in the halo of the present.	生活在现在的光环里
590	Okay.	摆
591	I'll stop there.	我会停在那里。
592	Thank you so much for listening.	谢谢你的聆听
593	And I'm really excited to hear what Liu Yu has to say and to have a discussion	我真的很兴奋听到刘玉要说的话和讨论一下
594	and answer your questions if I can.	并回答你的问题如果我能。
595	Thank you very much, Professor Sedius.	非常感谢,塞迪斯教授
596	I think this is a very high-level summary of the books and the key insight from the	我认为这是一本非常高层次的书摘要以及从美国
597	books.	书
598	And I would very much, because I read some of the Professor Liu Yu's books as	我非常愿意,因为我读了一些刘玉教授的书
599	well, I see there are some resonates and I hope to listen from the Professor Liu Yu	嗯,我看到了一些共鸣我希望听刘友教授的话
600	and your comments and also your reflection of the learning.	还有你对学习的反思
601	Okay.	摆
602	First of all, I want to thank you, Carol, for inviting me to this talk event.	首先,我要感谢你,卡罗尔, 邀请我参加这次谈话活动。
603	Also, thank Lin Xi for hosting this talk.	另外,感谢林习主持这次谈话.
604	I rarely actually participate in this kind of book talk, but I accepted this	我很少真正参加这种书谈但我接受了
605	invitation, first of all, because the warm invitation from Carol, who I find a very	首先,因为卡罗尔的热情邀请我发现他非常
606	difficult to refuse, but also I find the topic of the book very interesting, not	很难拒绝但我也觉得这本书的主题很有趣,不是
607	only because I, at my age, I'm probably about the same age or close to Professor	是因为我这个年纪可能跟教授差不多大
608	Sedius age, really interested in this topic, but also I'm curious about how a	赛迪乌斯时代,对这个话题非常感兴趣,但我也好奇如何
609	philosopher talks about this kind of everyday topics, because as Professor Satya	哲学家谈论这种日常话题因为作为萨特雅教授
610	also mentioned, not only in America, actually in China as well, philosophers tend to	不仅在美国在中国哲学家也倾向于
611	talk about very obscure topics with very convoluted language.	谈论非常模糊的话题语言非常曲折。
612	So it's almost like if a philosopher writes something easy for ordinary people to	所以,这几乎就像一个哲学家写的东西对于普通人容易
613	understand, then this political philosopher, this philosopher is a failure, right?	这个哲学家是个失败者,对吧?
614	So this kind of mentality.	所以这种心态。
615	So I'm really curious about how he philosophies the whole topic about middle	所以我很想知道他是如何把整个话题中间
616	life.	活着
617	And with this curiosity, I read the book and I enjoyed it very much.	带着这种好奇心,我读了这本书,我很喜欢这本书。
618	I think it has many wonderful insights.	我认为它有许多精彩的见解。
619	At many moments of the reading, I really wish the author is right in front of me so	在阅读的许多时刻,我真的希望作者就在我面前
620	we can talk about the point I find stimulating.	我们可以谈谈我认为刺激的要点。
621	In general, I think I have two takeaways from this book.	总而言之,我想我有两个外卖这本书。
622	One is, I think Professor Satya tries to do two things in the book.	首先,我想萨特雅教授想在书里做两件事
623	First is to articulate what midlife crisis really is, because although people of my	首先要阐明中年危机的真面目因为尽管我的人
624	age, we all suffer more or less midlife crisis.	年龄,我们都多少遭受中年危机。
625	But when you really think about it and ask yourself, what does midlife crisis	但当你真正思考,问自己, 什么是中年危机
626	exactly mean?	确切的说?
627	You may just spit out a few keywords like stress, pressure and time	你可能只是吐出一些关键词比如压力,压力和时间
628	and worsening health and the boredom with repetition of everyday life without really	健康恶化厌倦日常生活的重复
629	connecting these dots into a landscape of midlife crisis, which is exactly what	把这些点连接到中年危机的地貌中这恰恰是
630	Professor Satya has done in the book.	萨特雅教授在书中写了
631	He basically, you know, organized the midlife crisis into five themes.	他基本上,你知道,把中年危机组织成五个主题。
632	So when I read the book, it's like he's like a magician, you know, keep pulling the	所以当我读了这本书, 它就像他像一个魔术师,你知道,继续拉
633	scarves out of his sleeve and then the scarves gets longer and longer and more and more	他的袖子上留下了伤疤然后伤疤就越来越长了
634	colorful.	有色无色.
635	Eventually, you have these five boxes in front of you with clear labels and	最后,你面前有这五个盒子上面有清晰的标签和
636	everything inside is tidily organized.	里面的一切都是精心组织的
637	So for us as readers, it's like after being short sighted for a long time, you are	因此,对于我们作为读者来说, 它就像在短视很久之后,你是
638	put on glasses.	戴上眼镜
639	So you see the texture and the details of midlife crisis.	所以你可以看到中年危机的纹理和细节。
640	And I think that's admirable because it just puts names to those nameless feelings.	我认为这是令人钦佩的,因为它只是把名字给那些无名的感情。
641	And I think, you know, when you really think about it, this is exactly what a philosopher	我想,你知道,当你真正考虑它, 这恰恰是一个哲学家
642	is about, because some of the audience might know that my husband is a political	因为有些观众可能知道我丈夫是个政治人物
643	philosopher.	哲学家.
644	That's why just now when I mentioned philosopher, I just keep saying	这就是为什么刚才当我提到哲学家, 我只是一直说
645	political philosopher, because that's what he does.	政治哲学家,因为他就是这么做的.
646	It's probably exactly because that's his job.	这可能是因为那是他的工作。
647	So anyway, his writing is not nearly as interesting as yours.	所以不管怎样,他的写作几乎不像你的那么有趣。
648	So sometimes I just ask him, I just wonder what is the value of philosophy when the	所以有时我问他我只是想知道当哲学
649	territory of philosophy is very much stolen by all kinds of humanities and social	哲学领域被各种人文和社会
650	science, right?	科学,对不对?
651	And he never gave me a satisfactory answer.	他从来没有给我一个满意的答案。
652	But after reading the book, I think I got it.	但读完这本书后我想我明白了
653	And I think, you know, philosophy is very much about clarifying what's blurry and	我想,你知道,哲学是非常关于澄清什么是模糊和
654	organized what's chaotic.	组织什么是混乱。
655	And as I said, you know, put names to those nameless	正如我说的,你知道, 把名字给那些无名的
656	feelings.	感觉
657	And I think, you know, that's what the book has done.	我想,你知道,这就是这本书所做的。
658	And I think the articulation itself is therapeutic, you know, as anyone who has	我认为表达本身是治疗性的,你知道的, 任何人谁有
659	written, you know, who has the habit of writing diaries, they probably realize	写,你知道,谁的习惯写日记,他们可能意识到
660	this, although writing diaries never really solves any problems.	这虽然写日记从来没有真正解决任何问题。
661	But, you know, just by elaborating the problem, just by, you know, just kind of	但是,你知道,只是通过阐述问题, 只是,你知道,只是那种
662	bringing out what's on your heart itself, it can it can cure.	拿出你的心脏本身, 它可以治愈。
663	So I think that's one takeaway of mine from the book.	所以我想这是我从书里取出来的
664	The other is that it's actually personally, I think it's more challenging and also	另一个是,它实际上是个人的, 我认为它更具有挑战性和
665	more risky for a philosopher is the book doesn't only describes the problems of	对哲学家来说风险更大这本书不仅描述了
666	mid-lives, but also tries to provide us ropes to climb out of the hole.	中生代,但也试图为我们提供绳索来爬出洞.
667	And so it's a book.	故为书.
668	So the book is not only about describing problems, it's also a	所以这本书不仅仅是描述问题,它也是一个
669	book of prescription.	处方书。
670	It's a handbook to offer some mental exercise routines, you	这是一本手册提供一些精神运动的常规,你
671	know, for ordinary people like me, you know, who never really, you know, sort	你知道,对于像我这样的普通人, 你知道,谁从来没有真正, 你知道,排序
672	about this problem that frequently we tend to think about mid-life crisis as	我们常常认为中年危机是
673	something inevitable, as something we have to get used to, because for most	不可避免的事情,作为一些我们必须习惯的东西, 因为大多数
674	people, the way you solve a problem is not really overcome it, it's just you get	人们,你解决问题的方式是不是真的克服它, 它只是你得到
675	used to it.	习惯了
676	So for us, we are just waiting for a wait out our mid-life, right, as you	所以对我们来说,我们只是在等待我们的中年,正确的,像你
677	showed the curve in the graph that, you know, maybe wait till we are 60 and then, you	显示图中的曲线,你知道, 也许等到我们60, 然后,你
678	know, everything will be fine.	一切都会好起来的
679	But then the book basically tells us that, no, you	但书基本上告诉我们,不,你
680	don't have to wait, you don't have to suffer that much, you know, maybe the book	不用等了,不用受那么多苦,也许书
681	can't solve all your problems, but there are things you can do, there are actions	无法解决你所有的问题但有些事情你可以做有行动
682	you can take.	你可以带走
683	So I want to repeat what Professor Satya just now said, because he	所以我想重复萨特雅教授刚才说的话,因为他
684	actually talked about some principles you can use to solve your mid-life crisis.	事实上,我们谈论了一些可以用来解决中年危机的原则。
685	Of course, in the book, he described them in more details.	当然,在书中,他更详细地描述了他们.
686	So I think that's the	所以,我想这是
687	one last thing I want to say is I like the Chinese title of the book better than the	最后我想说的是,我更喜欢这本书的中文标题
688	English title.	英文标题.
689	I don't know if Professor Satya knows this.	我不知道萨特雅教授是否知道这一点.
690	The English name is	英语名称是
691	mid-life, right?	中年对吧?
692	So I don't know if saying so is offensive or not.	所以我不知道这么说是不是冒犯你
693	The English title	英文标题
694	mid-life is kind of bland, right?	中年是种bland,对不对?
695	It's probably deliberately so.	也许是故意的
696	So I don't know.	故不识.
697	But the Chinese name is very interesting.	但中国名字非常有趣.
698	It is starting over wouldn't be better than	开局不会比
699	now.	现在
700	I think this Chinese title summarizes the book in a very concise and nice way.	我认为这个中文标题以非常简洁和优美的方式概括了这本书.
701	So, by the way, I actually, when Kara introduced the book to me, I didn't know	顺便说一句,我其实,当卡拉向我介绍这本书时,我不知道
702	actually it has a Chinese translation.	实际上它有中文译本.
703	It's only here that the advertisement of this event	只有在这里,这个活动的广告
704	was put online.	被上线。
705	And then a friend of mine saw it.	然后我的一个朋友看到了它。
706	And then she contacted me through WeChat.	然后她通过WeChat联系了我
707	She said that, you know what, actually, I published the Chinese version.	她说,你知道,实际上,我出版了中文版。
708	And I was	我当时
709	really happily surprised because this is a very good friend of mine.	很高兴感到惊讶,因为这是我的一个好朋友。
710	One of my books	我的书之一
711	was also published by her, The Art of the Possible.	她还出版了《可能的艺术》。
712	So I'm glad to know that	所以我很高兴知道
713	we have sort of one more layer of connection there.	我们还有一层连接
714	So I encourage people who haven't	所以我鼓励那些没有
715	read the book, just pick up the book and start reading.	读书,只是拿起书,开始阅读。
716	And you might get some practical help	你可能会得到一些实际的帮助
717	from the book.	从书。
718	Even if you don't find all the suggestions useful for you, but at least you can	即使你觉得没有建议对你有用但至少你可以
719	get a sense that you're not lonely in your suffering.	感觉到你痛苦中并不孤独
720	Okay, that's my comments.	好吧,这是我的评论。
721	I think at this point, to push the conversation forward, I probably am obliged to ask a question.	我认为,为了推动对话,我可能不得不提出一个问题。
722	It's not that I necessarily agree with the point I will make, but I think it's a point	我不一定同意我的观点,但我觉得
723	where we can start the conversation.	在那里我们可以开始对话。
724	Just now Professor Satya also mentioned that actually the	刚才萨特雅教授也提到
725	core argument of his in the book is, I think it's the last chapter, right,	他书中的核心论点是, 我想这是最后一章,对吗,
726	last chapter, live in the present, escape from all this chattiness of projects.	最后一章, 活在现在, 逃避所有这些闲聊的项目。
727	Personally, I really like this point, but also I can imagine for many people,	个人而言,我真的很喜欢这一点, 但我也可以想象,很多人,
728	live in the present is something too luxurious, in the sense that for many people,	活在现世太奢侈了对很多人来说
729	the inability to live in the present is not a choice, it's a condition they're stuck with.	无法在现世生活不是选择,而是他们所坚持的条件.
730	Because for many middle-aged people, they're haunted by all kinds of emergencies.	因为对于许多中年人来说,他们受到各种紧急情况的困扰.
731	You have to pay the bills, you have to take care of your ear parents, you have to	你必须支付账单,你必须照顾你的耳朵父母,你必须
732	sell some product or finish some paper, you have to finish some project, otherwise you may lose	卖一些产品或完成一些纸张, 你必须完成一些项目, 否则你可能会输
733	your job or you get demoted or some disaster could happen.	要么被降职要么发生灾难
734	So if you're constantly put out of fire,	所以,如果你总是被扑灭火,
735	then it feels kind of luxury to talk about live in the present.	说到现在感觉有点奢侈
736	It's not like you don't want to,	这不是你不想,
737	it's just you can't.	只是你没办法
738	Again, as I said, I don't really necessarily agree with this point, but	再说一遍,正如我所说,我不一定同意这一点,但
739	I think for us, because we are both professors in quite prestigious universities, we are living	我认为,对我们来说,因为我们都是教授在相当有声望的大学,
740	quite honestly a sort of enviable life for many others.	老实说,对很多其他人来说生活相当令人羡慕
741	I think we have to think about	我想我们必须考虑
742	people don't really have the same luxury to make a choice between living in the present or not.	人们真的没有同样的奢侈做出选择在生活现在或不。
743	So I want to know what's your take on this question?	所以我想知道你对这个问题有什么看法?
744	This is a brilliant question.	这是一个很聪明的问题。
745	This is also my question actually.	这也是我的问题
746	Well, thank you so much.	非常感谢
747	Thank you so much for those incredibly generous comments.	非常感谢你的慷慨评论
748	I promise	我保证
749	I will get to your question.	我会回答你的问题。
750	I just want to say a couple of things about the comments as a whole	我只想说几句话关于整个评论
751	and then try to say something about it.	然后试着说点什么
752	I do think part of the value of philosophy is in its	我认为哲学的一部分价值在于
753	analytical clarity.	分析清晰度。
754	Like you, I find something therapeutic in just understanding a problem	跟你一样,我发现一些治疗方法来理解一个问题
755	more clearly.	更清楚一点
756	I do also in the book try to give prescriptions.	我也在书中尝试给药方。
757	And there is something a bit	有一点
758	nerve wracking about that in that there's always a question like, well, I want readers in a way to	总是有个问题我想让读者知道
759	argue philosophy is about sort of arguing back.	争辩哲学是那种反弹
760	You make these clarifications, you articulate a	你做这些澄清, 你阐明一个
761	problem.	问题。
762	And then I don't just tell you the answer.	然后,我不只是告诉你答案。
763	I'd make a case for it.	我会为此立案
764	And if you disagree,	如果你不同意的话
765	you can argue back.	你可以反驳。
766	And so a lot of the book I'm thinking, yeah, I hope this resonates.	所以我想了很多书,是的,我希望这能引起共鸣。
767	I hope this	我希望这样
768	persuasive, but I'd be just as happy if a reader objected in an articulate way to what I was saying,	说得有说服力,但如果有读者以明确的方式反对我说的话,我也会很高兴,
769	because then they're doing philosophy and they're grappling with the same kinds of problems.	因为他们在做哲学研究他们也在努力解决同样的问题
770	I do think there is a kind of tendency when you see the U-curve	我确实觉得有种倾向当你看到U曲线
771	graphic to think, well, I could try to grapple with this, but you know, I'll just wait it out.	想象一下,我可以试着解决,但你知道的,我会等待它出来。
772	Things are going to get better.	一切都会好起来的
773	I don't know what the social psychologists who studied the U-curve	我不知道研究U曲线的社会心理学家是谁
774	have got much less of a grip on the explanation.	更没有把握解释
775	Like, why does it have this shape?	为什么它有这种形状?
776	So	这么说
777	one speculative thing you might say is that maybe part of what happens in that kind of upswing in	你可能会说,一个推测是,也许发生的一部分在那种上升
778	later life is in fact a shift away from this more tealic project-directed orientation towards	后期生活事实上是转变从这个更茶叶项目导向
779	something more focused on the atelic in the present, because the part of your life where you're	更注重于现在的饮食因为人生中你所在的部分
780	trying to get a promotion and have kids, those milestones are behind you.	想要升职和生孩子这些里程碑都过去了
781	So I wonder if in a way	所以我想,如果在某种程度上
782	what I'm suggesting is to try to bring that kind of shift in orientation forward, and maybe even	我的建议是努力把方向的转变推向前进也许甚至
783	forward to the point that you're thinking about it in your youth and in preempting this kind of	在你的青春中思考并且先发制人
784	one form at least of midlife crisis.	一种至少是中年危机的形式
785	Finally, on the comments, thank you so much for telling me	最后,在评论上,非常感谢你告诉我
786	the Chinese title.	中文标题。
787	When people translate my book, I only speak one monolingual, so I have really no	当人们翻译我的书,我只说一种语言, 所以我真的没有
788	idea how creatively people have approached it, and I really do love that version.	我非常喜欢这个版本。
789	Okay, finally,	好吧,终于,
790	so living in the present is a kind of luxury.	所以现在的生活是一种奢侈。
791	I think there's really two phenomena here.	我认为这里确实有两个现象。
792	So one is,	所以,一个是,
793	I do think that even when you're doing things that are arduous, there's a difference in being	我确实认为,即使你做一些艰难的事情,
794	oriented towards them as just projects to complete and seeing value in the ongoing process.	目标只是把这些项目作为完成当前进程并看到其价值的项目。
795	So just	所以就这样
796	take one example of sort of a moderately arduous thing that many of us grapple with.	举个例子,我们许多人都在努力处理一件相当艰巨的事情。
797	An awful lot	一个可怕的地方
798	of parenting is chores.	养育子女是家务。
799	It's getting your kids to school, making breakfast, helping them with	让你的孩子上学,做早餐,帮助他们
800	their homework, dealing with their problems, and that can feel oppressive, but I do think there's	他们的功课, 处理他们的问题, 这可以感到压迫, 但我确实认为有
801	a real difference between approaching it with thinking, well, what really matters here is just	真正的区别在于用思考来接近它, 那么,真正重要的是在这里
802	checking off all these items on my to-do list and thinking, the point of all those items to	检查我的待办事项列表上的所有这些物品思考,所有这些物品的要点
803	being checked off is this ongoing relationship, the ongoing relationship of parenting, and that's	被取消的是这种持续的关系, 持续的养育关系,这就是
804	what I really value.	我真正珍惜的东西
805	And so in a way, as I'm doing all these annoying things, there is a kind of	所以从某种意义上说,当我做这些烦人的事情时, 有一种
806	thread connecting them all of atelic activity, non-project directed activity in which I can see	连接它们的所有阿特利活动,非项目定向活动,我可以看到
807	value.	数值。
808	And I think that reorientation can be carried over into other parts of life, but maybe	我认为方向调整可以延续到生活的其他部分,但也许
809	not all of them.	不是所有的人都这样
810	So there are cases where we're trying to complete projects and it's just very	因此,有一些案例,我们试图完成项目它只是非常
811	hard to see any value in the ongoing activity.	在进行中的活动中很难看到任何价值。
812	And I think that I just want to concede in a way that	我觉得我只是想承认
813	there are structural constraints, there are structural conditions that make this very difficult.	有结构性的制约,有结构性的条件使得这非常困难。
814	There's another distinction I draw in the book a little bit.	我在书里还有另外的区别
815	It's related to the atelic distinction,	这和食肉动物的区别有关
816	but it's a little bit different.	但有点不一样
817	It's between what I call ameliorative and existential value,	这是介于我所说的异能和存在价值之间
818	where ameliorative value is the value of solving a problem, where the problem is one you'd rather	解决一个问题的价值解决一个问题
819	not have to deal with, like putting out a fire at work or your kid has skinned their knee and	不必处理,比如在工作时灭火或者你的孩子剥了膝盖
820	you're helping them put on a band-aid and things go wrong and then you have to solve them.	你帮他们戴上带状眼镜事情就出问题了然后你就得解决
821	And	还有
822	there's real value in that.	这点很有价值
823	But if that's all you're doing in life, if all you're doing,	但是,如果这就是你在生活中所做的, 如果你所做的一切,
824	all you have space for in life is solving problems, like taking away negative things	生活中你只有空间解决问题, 像带走负面的东西
825	and making life not negative, you are in a situation where it's very hard to see the	和让生活不是消极的, 你处于一个非常困难很难看到
826	positive value of being alive at all.	活着的价值
827	Life has to offer something better than that for it to be	生活必须提供更好的东西,为了它
828	worth living.	值得活着
829	And those better things are what I call activities with existential value.	这些更好的东西就是我所说的具有存在价值的活动。
830	That's	这是
831	a kind of value that doesn't come from solving a problem you'd rather not face or answering a	某种价值并不来自解决一个问题你宁愿面对或回答
832	regrettable need.	很遗憾
833	And I think part of what you're pointing to is, as well as the shift from	我认为你指的是以及从...
834	telical project-directed orientation to the atelical process-directed orientation,	电话项目导向向星际进程定向,
835	there's also the problem, does my life offer enough opportunities to do things that have	还有个问题我的生活是否提供了足够的机会做一些事情
836	existential value, that make life worth living in the first place?	生存价值, 使生活的价值摆在首位?
837	How much of my life is devoted	我一生的奉献
838	to just solving problems?	只是解决问题?
839	And I do think that midlife is the point in life at which that is	我认为中年是生命中
840	most likely to afflict us.	很可能会伤害我们
841	We have kids with problems to deal with, we have aging parents,	我们的孩子有问题处理, 我们有老父母,
842	and we have to somehow find space in our lives for existential value.	我们必须在生活中找到存在价值的空间
843	And as you say, I just want to	正如你说的我只想
844	that is partly a structural and social economic problem.	这在一定程度上是一个结构和社会经济问题。
845	There has to be an economic and social	必须有一个经济和社会的
846	system in which people have space to do things that they don't need to do.	人们有空间做他们不需要做的事
847	And you can't	你无法
848	individually just sort of spontaneously solve that particular problem.	单独解决这个特殊问题
849	I want to have some	我想来点
850	follow-up comments on that because I actually, when I raised that question, I was imagining	后续评论,因为我实际上, 当我提出这个问题, 我想象
851	I was someone who is not as fortunate as us.	我是一个没有我们那么幸运的人。
852	But actually, when I raised that question,	但实际上,当我提出这个问题时,
853	I also responded as another person or as the true me.	我也以另一个人或真实的我作为回应.
854	And I was thinking, actually,	我在想,实际上,
855	living in the present is not as costly as many think, because as you just now mentioned,	活在现世并不象许多人认为的那么昂贵,因为正如你刚才提到的,
856	living in the present is not about switching things you do, it's just about switching attitude	活在现在不是换东西而是换态度
857	of doing the same thing.	做同样的事情。
858	So, I particularly like, you know, you brought up the concept of	所以,我特别喜欢,你知道, 你提出的概念
859	mindfulness to this chapter.	念念此章时.
860	And I think, you know, this in Chinese is called this mindfulness	我想,在中文里,这个叫做这种自觉
861	actually, I think it's very important and very precious in today's lives, because what's	事实上,我觉得这在今天的生活中是非常重要的,非常珍贵,因为什么是
862	What I find problematic is people, for example, when you're eating something, you're not really enjoying the food.	我发现问题在于人们, 比如当你吃东西的时候, 你并没有真正享受食物。
863	You are actually just looking at your cell phone and then carried away by all these endless videos.	其实你只是看着你的手机然后被这些无尽的视频带走了
864	And then when you are with your parents, you're not really there with your parents.	然后当你和父母在一起, 你不是真的与父母在一起。
865	You are thinking about some kind of work duties you are involved in.	你在考虑你参与的工作
866	Or when you are working in your office, then you are not really there.	或者当你在你的办公室工作时, 那么你不是真的在那里。
867	You are actually thinking about the movies you want to watch that night.	你真的在想那晚你想看的电影
868	So I think mindfulness is the opposite of all this.	所以,我认为注意与这一切相反。
869	It basically says when you are eating, you are truly enjoying the food, appreciate the food.	它基本上说当你在吃, 你真正享受的食物, 欣赏的食物。
870	When you are there with your parents, you are truly there with your heart and your mind with them.	当你和父母在一起时,你和他们的心和思想确实在那里。
871	And when you are working, you are truly working.	当你在工作的时候,你确实在工作。
872	So I think that's, at least in my understanding, that's living in the moment.	所以,我认为,至少据我的理解, 这是活在此刻。
873	That's living in the present.	即现世中.
874	So it's not like you have to be a successful person.	因此,你不必是一个成功的人。
875	You have to be an accomplished person to live in the present.	得成就众生现世.
876	It's just when you even do very little things, when you do very seemingly trivial things in your office.	只是当你做一些小事, 当你在办公室里做一些看似微不足道的事情。
877	So I think a response to my own question.	所以我想对我自己的问题作出答复。
878	No, I love that.	不,我喜欢这样
879	No, I think that's exactly right.	不,我认为这是完全正确的。
880	And I think one thing where mindfulness comes in is that actually making that transition is not easy.	我认为,有一点需要注意的是, 实现这种转变并不容易。
881	So for me, intellectually thinking, my relationship to philosophy has been distorted by its professionalization.	因此,对我来说,在思想上,我与哲学的关系由于它的专业化而被扭曲了.
882	I'm now thinking about professional accomplishments, lines on my CD.	我现在想的是专业成就 CD上的台词
883	I'm not thinking about properly appreciating the value of being able to have philosophical conversations at all, like what's happening right now.	我根本没想过要正确理解能够进行哲学对话的价值就像现在发生的事情一样
884	But you could apply that to eating food, being with your friends, being with your parents.	但你可以用它来吃食物和朋友在一起和父母在一起
885	Intellectually recognizing that is one thing.	理智地认识到这一点是一回事。
886	Emotionally making the shift is another.	情感上的改变是另一回事
887	And one way in which I think mindfulness meditation as a practice can be helpful is in doing in sort of training yourself.	我认为冥想作为一种实践可以有所助益的一种方式是自我训练。
888	So there's lots of ways to look at what mindfulness meditation is doing for us.	有很多方法可以观察冥想对我们的作用。
889	At one extreme, there's just empirical evidence that doing mindfulness meditation is stress reducing, which is great.	在一个极端,只有经验性证据表明,做自觉冥想就是减压,这是伟大的.
890	On the other extreme, there's a kind of philosophical interpretation of mindfulness meditation as a kind of insight in the Buddhist tradition,	在另一个极端, 有一种哲学解释意念冥想作为一种洞察佛教传统,
891	where there's a kind of metaphysical picture behind that.	后面有一张元照片
892	Somewhere in the middle, there's the idea that I like, which is that mindfulness meditation is a way of practicing just being atelic,	在中间的某个地方, 有一个我喜欢的想法, 那就是, 注意冥想是一种练习的方式只是吃,
893	being in the present in a way that you appreciate listening to sounds, your body, breathing,	在现在的方式,你欣赏听声音,你的身体,呼吸,
894	things from which it's possible to draw a certain kind of pleasure if you can just attend to them.	如果你能照顾他们就能从中获得某种乐趣
895	And then the hope is, for me, that that shift is one that we can take into the rest of our lives, that it's not just something we do while we're meditating.	然后,希望,对我来说,这个转变是我们可以进入我们余生的转变, 不仅仅是我们在冥想的时候所做的。
896	It's that our relationship to other activities also becomes, in the way you're describing, mindful, more focused on the atelic, what's being realized right now in the present.	也就是我们与其他活动的关系, 也变得, 以你描述的方式, 注意,更专注于食物,
897	And yeah, I think it's true that that's not, it doesn't solve all your problems,	是的,我认为这是真的,不是, 它不能解决你的所有问题,
898	but it's not something that you need to have any particular, particularly luxurious life to do.	但这不是你需要有任何特殊, 特别是奢侈的生活做。
899	And it's something that you may not even need to change what you're doing.	你也许不需要改变你的行为
900	As you said, it may be that what you need to do is see the value in what you're doing differently.	如你所说,也许你需要做的是看到你在做不同的事情时的价值。
901	Brilliant.	聪明
902	And so before we open for the Q&A from the audience, I wonder if I could follow up with a question as the host.	因此,在我们向观众开放"QQA"之前,我想我是否可以作为主持人继续提问.
903	I know this is midlife, it not only speaks to the middle-aged audience,	我知道这是中年, 它不仅对中年观众说话,
904	because of the nature of the use of midlife to explore, such as the missed opportunities, regrets.	因为利用中年探索的性质,例如错过的机会,遗憾.
905	So I think it can speak to a younger generation or younger audience.	因此,我认为它可以对年轻一代或年轻观众说话。
906	So I hope to ask a question from their perspective is, as Professor Sadia mentioned in your speech, that we're living a project-driven life.	所以我希望从他们的角度来问一个问题, 正如萨迪亚教授在你的演讲中提到的, 我们生活在一个项目驱动的生活。
907	And as young people, they have a lot of projects, and so they are encouraged in their study or in their working to be more goal-oriented.	而作为年轻人,他们有很多项目,因此鼓励他们在学习或工作中更加面向目标.
908	So I wonder how the philosophy or your study can have recommendations for them on how to safeguard their personal space.	所以我想知道,哲学或你的研究如何给他们建议如何保护自己的空间。
909	I think that's really important.	我觉得这很重要
910	I mean, this in fact connects with the thing that you and I were just talking about,	我的意思是,这事实上连接的东西你和我刚刚谈论,
911	which is the question, how much do I have to change my life and how much do I have to change my orientation to my life?	问题是什么,我需要多少改变我的生活,我需要多少改变我的方向我的生活?
912	So I agree that my general picture is one in which, in youth, we're very project-driven, most of us.	所以我同意,我的总体情况是, 在青年时期, 我们非常受项目驱动, 大部分人。
913	We're encouraged to be.	我们很受鼓舞
914	And we're not yet having a crisis because it's pretty consuming.	而我们还没有发生危机,因为它相当消耗。
915	And it's when we get a moment to step back and ask, OK, what is all this about,	当我们有时间退后问,好吧,这是怎么回事,
916	that we're liable to have the crisis of realizing our orientation is too project-driven and we're not appreciating the present.	我们可能面临实现我们的方向的危机过于项目驱动我们并不欣赏现在
917	I think one, if I had advice for people, younger people sort of engaging in that project-driven mindset, being induced into it,	我想,如果我有建议给人们, 年轻人有某种参与项目驱动的心态, 被诱导到它,
918	it's to think preemptively about this telic-atelic distinction, to think about focusing on projects where the atelic counterpart,	而是先发制人地考虑这种心灵感应的区别考虑把注意力集中在那些胃肠对应物的项目上
919	the kind of ongoing activity is something you can value and to be mindful of that value from the beginning.	那种正在进行的活动是你们可以珍视的,并且从一开始就要记住这种价值。
920	And that doesn't necessarily mean being less ambitious or pursuing fewer projects or kicking back.	这并不一定意味着野心小, 或追求更少的项目或退缩。
921	It's really a change in your orientation to the projects you're engaging in.	这真的改变了你对所从事项目的方向。
922	So, you know, I choose philosophy as an example, because that's the one that's closest to hand for me.	所以,你知道,我选择哲学作为一个例子, 因为那是最适合我的一个。
923	But you could be highly productive as a philosopher writing lots of papers.	但你可以做一个写很多论文的哲学家很有成就
924	But if you there's one way of thinking about that is what really matters is to crank out all these papers.	但是如果你有一种想法那就是真正重要的是把这些文件都找出来
925	Another way of thinking about it is what matters is to be engaged with philosophy.	另一种思考方法就是与哲学接触.
926	And of course, you can't really be fully engaged with philosophy and appreciating its value if you're not writing papers or actually doing research.	当然,如果你不是在写论文,或者实际上在做研究, 你就不能完全参与哲学, 并欣赏哲学的价值。
927	So if I'm going to be fully engaged with the value of this ongoing activity, yeah, I'm going to have to write papers.	所以,如果我要充分参与这个持续活动的价值, 是的,我要去写论文。
928	I'm going to want to be productive.	欲成就众生.
929	But the being productive is a sort of secondary to the engagement in the ongoing activity.	但是,生产是参与目前活动的一种次要。
930	And I think it's harder with some jobs than with others.	我觉得有些工作比其他工作更难
931	But I think very often when we're engaged in a job or a work activity that we think is valuable, although we tend to focus on the projects,	但我认为当我们从事一项工作或一项工作活动时, 经常认为我们的工作或工作活动是有价值的, 虽然我们倾向于专注于项目,
932	we can find value in the sort of atelic thread that links all those projects together.	我们可以在将所有这些项目联系起来的线条中找到价值。
933	And I think the sooner we recognize that value and the more we grab onto it, in fact, don't lose touch with it,	我认为我们越早认识到这个价值, 越多抓住它, 事实上,不要失去与它的联系,
934	the more we're going to be insulated against the kind of crisis, the kind of existential woes that I experienced and that I think are built into this project driven mindset.	越是被隔绝于危机, 那种存在性的灾难,我经历的, 我认为是这个计划所驱动的思维。
935	OK, this is this is very inspiring.	好吧,这是非常鼓舞人心的。
936	So this is more like how we see the intrinsic value of those activities and also how to have a long term view and how to connect adults over the longer term.	因此,这更像是我们如何看待这些活动的内在价值,以及如何有一个长期的观点以及如何在较长的时间内将成年人联系起来。
937	Yes.	对
938	And I think and the intrinsic value of of the uncompletable threads that connects them all together.	我想,还有无法完成的线条的内在价值把它们连在一起。
939	So there's something of value in what you're doing, independent of all the things you complete.	所以,在你所做的事情中,有一些有价值的东西,独立于你完成的所有事情.
940	There's something about if there should be, hopefully, if your life is if you if you're lucky enough to find some meaningful work, it's not just the projects you complete are meaningful.	如果有的话,希望有的话, 如果你的生活是, 如果你够幸运找到一些有意义的工作, 那不仅仅是你完成的项目是有意义的。
941	But if you're working in advertising, there's a way there's there's this ongoing kind of communication and connection with people.	但是,如果你在广告领域工作, 有一种方法,有这种不断的交流和与人的联系。
942	Of course, you have to then complete each ad campaign.	当然,你必须完成每次广告宣传。
943	But there's value in if there's value in doing it.	但是,如果这样做有价值,则有价值。
944	There's a value in this ongoing atelic communicative project.	这个正在进行中的食用物质传播项目是有价值的.
945	And similarly, if you're working for a tech company, there's individual deadlines to get projects completed.	类似地,如果你在一家技术公司工作, 也有完成项目的个别期限。
946	But there's also creatively advancing the technologies with which we engage with the world.	但也有创造性地推进我们与世界接触的技术。
947	And that's an atelic activity.	这是一种食肉活动。
948	That's something that you're not going to you can't finish that.	这是你不会去的你无法完成。
949	That's just an ongoing thing.	这只是一个持续的事情。
950	And that's the value that you can cling to.	这就是你可以坚持的价值。
951	That is not going to be exhausted by checking off or too many deadlines.	这不会因检查或过多的最后期限而耗尽。
952	Yeah, the intrinsic value and also some of the invisible value over the longer term.	是的,内在价值以及一些无形价值长期。
953	OK, so I would I would open the floor for the questions so we can first pick up some questions from the Zoom meeting room.	好,我先请大家提问,以便我们先从Zoom会议室提一些问题。
954	So anyone you have questions for Professor Sadia and the Professor Liu is just raise your hands.	所以任何你对Sadia教授有疑问的人刘教授只是举手而已
955	And I think our technical host will unmute those who have the questions.	我认为,我们的技术主持人将揭开那些有问题的人的印象。
956	Yeah, can we unmute Qin Yuanzhang, please?	是的,我们能解开秦元章吗?
957	Thank you very much.	谢谢
958	Can you hear me OK?	你能听到我吗?
959	Yeah.	对
960	Thank you very much for the session.	非常感谢您的出席。
961	So I was studying anthropology in London.	所以我在伦敦研究人类学。
962	So my question kind of comes from my personal experience because I'm in my 20s.	所以我的问题来源于我个人的经验因为我20多岁了
963	And I think peers around me, we talk about quarter life crisis a lot.	我认为身边的同龄人, 我们经常谈论四分之一生活危机。
964	And I think the younger generations that I know, we a lot of us were also quite interested in mindfulness or even practicing consciousness or the word spirituality.	我认为,我所认识的年轻一代, 我们很多人也都非常关心警惕,甚至练习意识或精神这个词。
965	We're also being used quite often, I think, in London.	我想我们在伦敦也经常被利用
966	And I think a lot of the general principles sounds quite similar when you were when you were talking about mindfulness.	我认为很多一般原则听起来很相似当你在谈论注意的时候。
967	So I was just wondering, what makes this practice special for people who are in the stage of midlife?	所以我在想,为什么这种习俗对那些处于中年阶段的人来说是特别的?
968	And, you know, like, like, what are the differences between how we like we as the younger generations see mindfulness versus maybe potentially how people in their midlife stage would in would interact with this idea?	你知道,比如,我们年轻一代如何看待自觉性与处于中年期的人如何与这个想法互动有什么区别?
969	If that makes sense.	如果这有道理。
970	That's a great question.	问曰.
971	Yeah.	对
972	Thank you very much.	谢谢
973	No, I I it's funny when I was first describing my midlife crisis to a friend and saying, you know, this is I'm having this sense that I'm just doing one thing after another.	不,我很好笑当我第一次向朋友描述我的中年危机说,你知道,这是我有这种感觉, 我只是做一个又一个的事情。
974	And there has to be something there's something hollow about that.	一定有些东西是空洞的
975	He responded by saying, I dealt with all that when I when I was 20.	他回答说,我20岁时处理过所有的事情。
976	Like, you're having a very late quarter life crisis, not an early midlife crisis.	就像,你有一个非常晚的季度生活危机, 不是早期的中年危机。
977	And I think there is a kind of common aspect to them.	我认为它们有一个共同的方面。
978	So I think some of the feature we've been focusing on, which is this shift from being project driven to process focused that I think it's quite likely that you'll become aware of that in midlife.	所以,我认为一些我们一直关注的特征, 即从项目驱动到进程驱动的转变, 我认为中年你很可能会意识到这一点。
979	But it sounds like you and your friends are aware of it much earlier.	但听起来你和你朋友早就知道了
980	And I don't think there's anything stopping you from becoming aware of it earlier.	我不认为有什么能阻止你提前意识到它。
981	In fact, you should.	事实上,你应该。
982	I mean, the sooner you think about this, the better, I think.	我的意思是,你越早想到这一点,我认为更好。
983	I think it's unfortunate if we only start worrying about this being too project driven when we've reached 40 and have been formed into a more project oriented person.	我认为,我们只是开始担心当我们达到40岁, 并且已经成为一个更注重项目的人时, 这个项目太受推动,这是很不幸的。
984	I think there's something better about the preemptive approach that you and your friends are taking to mindfulness.	我认为你和你的朋友要注意的先发制人的方法有更好的方法
985	I do think there are other aspects of the midlife crisis that you could experience earlier, but are are are different.	我认为中年危机的其他方面你可以早些经历, 但都是不同的。
986	I say there are many midlife crises.	我说有许多中年危机。
987	Some are about this phenomenon of living in the present.	有些人是关于这种生活在现在的现象。
988	But there's also regret about the past, the sense of missing out and options being constrained.	但也有对过去,缺失感和选择受到限制的遗憾.
989	There's the proximity of death.	死亡的近缘.
990	Those are things you can think about when you're 20.	那是你20岁时可以想到的事
991	But I think the pressure to cope with the fact that you've now had to choose and that your life has taken a shape that was one of the many shapes it could have taken.	但我认为,面对你现在不得不选择的这个事实,你的生活已经呈现出一个形状,这是它可能采取的许多形状之一.
992	It's not surprising, I think, that people worry about that and grapple with that much more when they're 40 than when they're 20.	我认为,人们担心这一点并不奇怪,当他们40岁时,比他们20岁时要努力得多。
993	And similarly with death, you know, I've been worried about death my whole life.	和死亡一样,你知道,我一直担心死亡我的整个生活。
994	But a lot of people really start to feel differently about it and face it in a more palpable way when they look at the fact that they've got three decades left.	但是,很多人真的开始对它有不同的感觉, 并以一种更明显的方式面对它, 当他们看到他们还有30年的时间。
995	And three decades is now a kind of unit of time that they can comprehend.	30年是他们能够理解的时间单位。
996	They know what it's like to be what a decade feels like when they're 40 or 50.	他们知道当他们40岁或50岁的时候十年是什么感觉
997	And I think when you're 20, you may have less of a sense of what it means that you have this many years if you're lucky before death.	我想当你20岁时, 你可能不太明白,如果你在死前很幸运的话, 你拥有这么多年意味着什么。
998	So I think there are other aspects of the midlife crisis that are not exclusive to being 45, but tend to be more salient then.	所以我认为,中年危机的其他方面并不仅限于45岁,而是往往更为突出。
999	But I do think you're right that this phenomenon of project versus process, it doesn't have to wait for midlife for you to grapple with it.	但我确实认为你说的对, 这个项目与过程的现象, 它不必等待中年你来对付它。
1000	Thank you.	谢谢
1001	Yeah.	对
1002	So we still have some floors and questions, time for the questions.	因此,我们仍然有一些发言和问题, 时间的问题。
1003	And another question from the Zoom, then if not, we will shift to the POP and YCB WeChat to collect the question from the online audience.	如果不是,我们将转向 POP 和 YCB WeChat 从在线观众那里收集问题。
1004	And actually, we have one question from our WeChat account is there's an audience who is right in his or her midlife crisis.	事实上,我们从 WeChat 的账户中有一个问题, 一个听众正处在中年危机中。
1005	So he or she want to ask the author, did completing the book help you conquer your midlife crisis or how does that help?	所以他(她)想问作者,完成这本书是否帮助你克服中年危机,或者这有什么帮助?
1006	That's a great question.	问曰.
1007	So the book is very much about there are books about changing careers or starting new relationships in midlife.	因此,这本书在很大程度上是关于中年改变职业或开始新关系的书籍.
1008	This is not one of them.	这不是其中之一。
1009	Right.	对
1010	It's not a kind of it's not in that sense of self helpful.	不是那种没有自我帮助的感觉
1011	It's about how to think about the midlife experience.	如何是中生处境界想.
1012	And a lot of it is about thinking differently and seeing through ways in which life can feel bad that actually you're misconceiving it.	很多事情是思考不同观察生活会觉得很糟, 你实际上在误解它。
1013	So thinking about missing out or regret or shifting from project to process are all ways of changing how you see and understand your life philosophically.	因此,思考错过或后悔,或从项目转向进程,都是从哲学上改变你看待和理解你生活的方式。
1014	They don't have a radical change.	他们没有根本的变化。
1015	So when I wrote the book, I thought, well, yeah, there's not going to be a radical change in my life.	所以当我写这本书的时候,我想,嗯,是的, 我的生活不会发生根本的变化。
1016	This is a book in which I reconcile myself to my current life and come to see it differently and go back to being a happy philosophy professor.	这本书是我和现在的生活协调起来的, 开始以不同的眼光看待它, 回到一个快乐的哲学教授。
1017	And that was what I expected.	这就是我所期望的。
1018	In fact, what happened when I wrote the book was more surprising to me, which was that having written this is the first book I wrote for a general audience rather than for fellow academics.	事实上,当我写这本书时,我更惊讶的是,我写了这本书,这是第一本我为一般读者写的书,而不是为其他学者写的。
1019	And having written a book for a general audience, I thought, well, that is something I want to do again.	写了一本给广大观众的书, 我想,嗯,这是我想再做一次。
1020	And so I'm going to have to change how my life is structured so that I have time to do this different kind of writing.	所以我必须改变我的生活结构这样我就可以有时间做这种不同的写作。
1021	So weirdly enough for me, it was surprising in that writing the book really forced a change in my life that I had not anticipated.	对我来说太奇怪了写这本书让我的生活发生了我没想到的改变
1022	And it also made me think that, you know, one way to think about the book is that's more sympathetic to.	这也让我觉得,你知道, 思考这本书的方法之一就是更同情。
1023	Yes, you need to change your life radically is to think, well, the book offers tactics for reframing what's going on in your life that diagnose misconceptions of value,	是的,你需要彻底改变你的生活是思考,嗯,这本书提供了战术来改变你生活中所发生的事情,
1024	ways in which you could be misunderstanding the value of your life.	你可能会误解你生命的价值
1025	If after seeing your life and differently, you still think, yeah, I'm not sure this is the right job for me.	如果看到你的生活和不同的,你仍然认为, 是的,我不知道这是适合我的工作。
1026	It wasn't just that I was conceiving it wrong.	不只是我想错了
1027	It's just not what I want to be doing or this isn't the right relationship for me.	这不是我想做的事或这是不正确的关系对我来说。
1028	I think the book leaves you in a position where you can think, yes, I need to make a change and make that change with more confidence,	我认为这本书让你处于一个可以思考的位置, 是的,我需要做出一个改变, 并以更大的信心来改变,
1029	knowing that you have really thought through the ways in which you might be misunderstanding the value of your life.	知道你已经真正思考通过的方式你可能误解你的生命价值。
1030	So, yeah, the answer is it did help me, but it helped me in a somewhat surprising way in that it led me to think, yeah, there are changes I really do need to make to what I'm actually doing in my life that I hadn't anticipated.	所以,是的,答案是,它确实帮助了我, 但它以某种令人惊讶的方式帮助了我, 它让我想到,是的,我确实需要做出一些改变, 改变我在我的生活中所做的,而我并没有预料到。
1031	And so before we are reading, we're compiling some other questions.	因此,在我们阅读之前,我们正在汇编一些其他的问题。
1032	So before that, I have a question.	所以在那之前我有个问题
1033	So maybe this is for both Professor Sedia and the Liu Yu.	也许这是给塞迪亚教授和刘羽的
1034	So I think midlife crisis, they have some universal features for different cultures, for different backgrounds.	所以,我认为中年危机, 他们有一些普遍性的特征不同的文化,不同的背景。
1035	And do you think there's also situational midlife crisis in different culture with different characteristics?	你觉得在不同的文化中还会有不同特征的中年危机吗?
1036	I would be very curious to hear from Liu Yu about her perspective on that.	我非常好奇地从刘裕那里听到她对此的看法.
1037	I mean, my sense was it would surprise me if it wasn't culturally variable.	我的意思是,我的感受是,如果它不是文化上的变异,我会感到惊讶。
1038	For a while, I thought, well, maybe this is going to turn out to be a distinctively Western thing.	有一阵子,我想,嗯, 也许这将会变成一个独特的西方事物。
1039	Like, it's going to turn out that there's something about the structure of social and economic life in the West that is leading people to have this kind of crisis.	比如说,西方的社会和经济生活结构将会导致人们发生这种危机。
1040	And the early research on it by people like Gail Sheehy was very much focused on the US, on the United States.	而盖尔·希希(Gail Sheehy)等人物对它的早期研究也非常专注于美国,美国.
1041	One thing that's surprising about the economists who've researched this is that they find this U-shape around the world.	有一点令人惊讶的是,经济学家们研究了这个问题, 他们在全世界发现了U形。
1042	So that at least suggests there's something more universal going on.	因此,至少这说明有一些更普遍的事情正在发生。
1043	Perhaps the most amazing thing they found was that when they studied great apes and asked zookeepers	也许最令人惊叹的是当他们研究大猩猩问动物园管理员
1044	and people who work with the great apes to report on their levels of happiness,	以及那些与大猩猩共事的人,
1045	there's evidence that there's also a U-curve in their happiness over the life cycle, which suggests something truly universal.	有证据表明,他们一生的幸福中也存在U曲线,这暗示了某种真正普遍的东西.
1046	But the answer is I have not really studied this anthropologically, so I don't really know.	但答案是,我还没有真正研究这个人类学, 所以我真的不知道。
1047	So one question for you, Yu, is how much of this resonates or feels different coming at this from someone who works on politics and society in China?	因此,一个问题,你,余,这是多少共鸣或感觉不同,从一个在中国从事政治和社会工作的人身上得到的?
1048	Personally, I think yes.	我个人认为是的
1049	Of course, there are some common features of midlife crisis across all kinds of countries and cultures.	当然,在各类国家和文化中都有中年危机的一些共同特征.
1050	But yes, I think midlife crisis can be culturally and structurally conditioned.	但是是的,我认为中年危机可以受到文化和结构条件的制约。
1051	I don't want to talk about the culture part because it's a little bit far away from my personal interest.	我不想谈文化部分,因为它离我个人兴趣有点远.
1052	I'm more interested in the structural condition of midlife crisis.	我对中年危机的结构条件更感兴趣.
1053	As I said just now with Professor Satya that me and him, we are both professors living a relatively successful life compared to the general public.	正如我刚才和萨特亚教授所说,我和他都是教授,他们的生活与大众相比是比较成功的。
1054	And sometimes when I watch Xiaohongshu or other social media videos,	有时当我看小红须或其他社交媒体视频时
1055	and I saw people who are really crushed by illness, poverty, debt, all these kinds of things.	我看见有人真正被疾病、贫穷、债务, 以及所有这些事情压垮。
1056	And I think some of this kind of crisis may be originated from their personal choice,	我认为这种危机可能源于他们个人的选择,
1057	but many of this kind of crisis actually come from structural conditions.	但许多这样的危机实际上是来自结构条件。
1058	So I think as a political scientist, when you really think about it, what's the function of government?	所以我想,作为一个政治学家,当你真正思考的时候,政府的作用是什么?
1059	The function of government is actually a cushion against all kinds of crises, including of course midlife crisis.	政府的职能实际上是防止各种危机的缓冲,当然包括中年危机。
1060	So when the government is not there to cushion all these crises, things get worse.	所以当政府不在那里缓冲这些危机时,情况就会恶化.
1061	So yes, I think there are a lot of crises that are not really existential, it's political, it's economic, it's socially originated.	所以是的,我认为有很多的危机并不是真正存在的,是政治性的,是经济性的,是社会性的。
1062	So I think probably I would say in China, maybe because our economy is not as developed as those Western countries,	所以我想也许我会说在中国, 也许因为我们的经济没有那些西方国家那么发达,
1063	or maybe because our political system is different.	也许是因为我们的政治制度不同
1064	So I think in China, the midlife crisis are probably more connected to this kind of political and economic reasons,	我想在中国,中年危机可能与这种政治和经济原因有关
1065	because the welfare state is not as developed, the social security network is not as developed.	由于福利国家没有那么发达,社会保障网络也没有那么发达.
1066	And so it also connects back to what I said about living in the present is a luxury for many these kind of ordinary people,	因此,它也连接回我所说的生活在现在的奢侈品对于很多这样的普通人,
1067	because it's just they are haunted by the future, by all this kind of urgent project.	因为他们只是被未来困扰着被这种紧急项目困扰着
1068	So that's my take on this.	所以这就是我的看法。
1069	I could not agree more with that actually.	我完全同意这一点。
1070	I think one thing about writing a self-help book is it can convey the impression that this is an individual problem,	我认为写一本自助书的一件事就是它能给人以这样的印象: 这是一个个人的问题,
1071	because the point of the self-help book is for you to help yourself.	因为"自助书"的重心在于帮助自己.
1072	So it focuses on the things that you can do that are not so structural.	因此,它专注于你能够做的并非如此结构性的事情。
1073	But I absolutely agree that the kind of structural political conditions are part of what create,	但我绝对同意这种结构性政治条件是创造出来的
1074	maybe not regret about mistakes, but the difficulty of living in the present,	也许对错误不后悔, 但很难生活在现在,
1075	the focus on a meditative activity, on constantly having to solve problems.	专注于冥想活动, 不断需要解决问题。
1076	And I don't know enough about sort of conditions in China to speak to them.	我对中国的状况还不太了解,
1077	But I think if you look at the US, there are kind of structural changes now that are making these problems worse.	但是,我认为如果你看看美国, 现在有一些结构的变化使这些问题变得更加糟糕。
1078	So I think shifting from an economic situation in which people have salaried jobs,	所以我想,从一个经济形势转变在人们有薪工作,
1079	in which they can find a profession in which they think this is a value.	他们可以找到一个职业他们认为这是一个价值。
1080	I can see the atelic value of what I'm doing to an economy in which more and more people are engaged in gig work.	我可以看到我所做的对一个越来越多的人从事工作的经济的价值。
1081	So they're doing they're just piecing together little activities.	所以他们只是拼凑一些小活动
1082	It's going to be very hard if what you're doing is piecing together little activities to make money,	如果你做的是拼凑一些小活动赚钱,那就很难了
1083	not to think, well, it's just one project after another.	不要想,嗯,这只是一个又一个的项目。
1084	It's going to be much, much harder to see the value of some atelic thread that hangs it all together.	要看到一些将它全部挂在一起的食用线条的价值, 将困难得多。
1085	And so I think that those structural conditions are something we would have to address to really find a solution	所以我认为这些结构条件是我们必须解决的才能真正找到解决办法
1086	to the kinds of crises I'm addressing, which really do go beyond self-help in that way.	我所处理的危机实在超出了自助的范围
1087	Thank you very much.	谢谢
1088	I want to add one note there.	我想在这里补充一个音符。
1089	There has been a lot of discussion about the universal basic income issue, particularly in developed countries.	特别是在发达国家,对普遍的基本收入问题进行了很多讨论。
1090	I think one reason that idea is good, of course, maybe it's not that practical for now, but maybe more practical in the future.	我认为一个原因这个想法是好的,当然, 也许它不是现在那么实际, 但也许将来更实际。
1091	But I think one reason I like this idea is actually it gives everybody some kind of sense of security	但我觉得我喜欢这个想法的一个原因就是它让每个人都有安全感
1092	so that everybody can explore themselves, discover themselves more freely.	让每个人都能探索自己更自由地发现自己
1093	And I think that's one thing I look forward to, that people can have more freedom to explore this kind of atelic activities.	我认为,这就是我所期望的一件事, 人们可以有更多的自由来探索这种食材活动。
1094	And so we have a question from, so those are WeChat accounts.	我们有一个问题,那就是 WeChat 账户。
1095	And this is a question from actually a professor in China.	这是来自中国一位教授的问题。
1096	This is a professor true stories.	这是一个教授真实的故事。
1097	How should a mid age person justify or adjust if they fail to recognize the value of their workplace and cannot cope with it on their own?	如果中年人没有认识到工作场所的价值,无法独自应付,他们应该如何解释或调整?
1098	Can you repeat the question?	你能再说一遍吗?
1099	I haven't heard it clearly.	我没听清楚
1100	I think the question is how should a middle aged person adjust if they fail to recognize the value of their workplace and they cannot cope with it.	我认为问题是,如果中年人没有认识到工作场所的价值,他们无法应付,他们应该如何进行调整。
1101	Yeah, in here in China, and they cannot cope with it on their own.	是的,在中国,他们自己应付不了
1102	So they cannot recognize the value in their workplace and they cannot accept it.	因此,他们无法认识到工作场所的价值,也无法接受这种价值。
1103	They cannot cope with it on their own.	他们无法独自应付。
1104	So this is a true story from a professor in China.	所以这是中国一位教授的真实故事。
1105	I mean, I think that too much competition.	我觉得竞争太激烈了
1106	Yeah.	对
1107	I mean, one thing to say is that the idea of shifting from a focus on projects to the value of the process, if we'll solve your problem,	我的意思是,有一件事是说, 想法从关注项目转向进程的价值, 如果我们能解决你的问题,
1108	if you're engaged in an activity that you really can see value in, where you can see value in the process.	如果你从事某项活动, 你真的可以看到价值, 在那里你可以看到价值在这个过程中。
1109	One thing you might discover.	有件事你可能会发现
1110	And if you see that, then you'll realize, as I did, that there's a way of continuing in my current life that is more resistant to the sense of hollowness and emptiness that was troubling me.	如果你看到,然后你会意识到,像我一样, 在我目前的生活中,有一种方法, 更能抵抗空虚和空虚的感觉, 困扰着我。
1111	It is, of course, also possible that when you try to make this shift, when you do this reframing, you think you realize, no, I can't actually see that.	当然,也有可能当你尝试做这个转变, 当你做这个调整,你认为你意识到,不,我无法真正看到这一点。
1112	I've really thought through the difference between valuing near projects and valuing the process.	我真正思考了对近项目的评价与对过程的评价的区别.
1113	And actually the kind of work I'm engaged in, it just doesn't have the value I hoped it was going to have.	实际上我从事的工作并没有我所希望的那么重要
1114	And this goes back to the question about what I learned from the book.	这又回到我从书中学到了什么的问题。
1115	I mean, I think in that circumstance, I do think you've got a reason to make a change.	我的意思是,我认为在这种情况下, 我确实认为你有一个理由做出改变。
1116	I mean, sometimes just shifting your orientation to what you're doing will not make the problem go away.	我的意思是,有时只是把你的方向转向你在做什么不会使问题消失。
1117	And then what you've learned is, yeah, I really maybe should quit my job and find some other kind of thing to do.	然后,你学到的是,是的, 我真的应该辞掉我的工作并找到其他的事情做。
1118	And then, of course, yeah, that isn't always going to be easy.	然后,当然,是的, 这并不总是会是容易的。
1119	Changing jobs, careers, midlife can be very challenging.	改变工作,职业,中年可能非常具有挑战性.
1120	And so there are practical obstacles to that, which I don't attempt to solve in the book.	因此,有实际的障碍,我不试图在书中解决。
1121	But yeah, I don't want to deny that sometimes the effect of going through this kind of philosophical therapy is a kind of clarity.	但是,是的,我不想否认有时通过这种哲学疗法的效果是某种清晰。
1122	And as you were saying earlier, I think there's value in that kind of clarity and seeing your situation properly.	正如你刚才所说,我认为那种清晰度和正确看待你的处境是有价值的。
1123	But it may be that when you see your situation accurately, what you discover is, yeah, I need to make a change.	但也许当你准确地看到你的情况时你发现的,是的,我需要改变。
1124	And that is itself progress, even if it doesn't solve the problem.	这本身就是进步, 即使它不能解决问题。
1125	You now know what the problem is and what kind of parameters you have to work within.	你现在知道问题是什么是什么参数,你必须在其中工作。
1126	And Professor Liu Yu, because this is a true story from the Chinese academia, I guess.	刘教授余,因为这是中国学术界的真实故事,我想.
1127	My response is that if you are relatively young, maybe you can consider quitting the job.	我的反应是,如果你是相对年轻, 也许你可以考虑辞职。
1128	I mean, of course, I agree with Professor Satya that finding another job is not necessarily better.	当然,我同意萨特雅教授的观点找到另一份工作不一定更好
1129	You might be stuck with the same conditions, same situation.	你可能会被困在同一条件, 同样的情况。
1130	But if you have been in pain for a long time and you have tried many different ways to see the value of your work, but you can't find it.	但是,如果你已经痛苦了很长时间,并且你尝试了许多不同的方法来看待你作品的价值,但是你找不到它.
1131	And if you are relatively young, if you are below 40, you can consider to quit the job, to find another job.	如果你比较年轻,如果你在40岁以下,你可以考虑辞职,另找工作。
1132	It is possible.	这是可能的。
1133	But of course, if you are like me, over 50 and then it's probably too late for you to change the boat.	当然,如果你像我一样,50多岁... ...那么你换船可能为时已晚
1134	So in that situation, I think there's probably two things you can do.	所以在这种情况下,我想你可能可以做两件事。
1135	One is to expand your life beyond your work.	一是扩大你的生活超越你的工作。
1136	You can find some kind of hobbies.	你可以找到某种爱好
1137	You can focus more on your family life.	你可以更专注于你的家庭生活。
1138	You can do some charity work or you can do more readings and writings, you know, these kind of things.	你可以做一些慈善工作或者你可以做更多的读物和著作, 你知道,这类事情。
1139	And another thing is trying to dig some meaning out of your job.	还有一件事是想从你的工作里挖出一些意义
1140	I'm also a professor and of course, I understand that there are a lot of chores associated with being a professor.	我也是个教授,当然,我知道做教授有很多杂务。
1141	Probably the enjoyable part is like 30 percent or 40 percent.	也许享受的部分是30%或40%。
1142	And then the 60 or 70 percent is really just obligations.	60%或70%是义务。
1143	But then you still have this 40 or 30 percent, you know, enjoyable, you know, you know, you know, when you teach students, you know, try to really just engage with them.	但你仍然有40%或30%, 你知道,享受, 你知道,你知道,你知道, 当你教学生, 你知道,尝试真正与他们接触。
1144	And when you write, you know, you know, papers, you really just try to pick topics that is interesting for you.	当你写,你知道,你知道, 论文,你真的只是尝试选择一些你感兴趣的话题。
1145	And, you know, you know, try to, you know, have a conversation with the imaginary authors in front of you.	而且,你知道,你知道,尝试,你知道, 与想象中的作者在你们面前谈话。
1146	So I think I honestly I think, you know, compared to other careers, intellectual life is really a privilege.	所以我想,老实说,我认为,与其他职业相比, 智力生活确实是一种特权。
1147	You know, it's not if you are working in a bureaucracy, if you are in a work in a big corporation life, I think it's very it's probably harder for you to dig some meaning out of it because, you know, your life is, you know, there's very little space of in	你知道,如果你在官僚机构工作, 如果你在大公司里工作, 我认为你可能更难从中挖掘一些意义, 因为,你知道,你的生活,你知道,在这些工作中, 独立空间很小。
1148	But comparatively speaking, I think academic life, you know, is mostly composed by, you know, reading, writing, teaching, researching.	但相对地,我认为学术生活, 你知道, 主要由阅读,写作,教学,研究组成。
1149	And I think, you know, as long as I try, you know, I think it's possible for you to find ways to, you know, find meanings out of all these activities, because it's honestly, you know, how much you can enjoy a book.	我想,你知道,只要我尝试,你知道, 我认为你可以找到方法, 你知道,从所有这些活动中找到意义, 因为它是诚实的,你知道,你能享受多少书。
1150	It's not only decided by the book, it's also by decided by you as a reader, how creative, how imaginative you are as a reader, you know, so this kind of things.	不仅是书中决定的,也是你作为读者决定的,你作为读者的创造力,想象力如何,所以这种事情.
1151	Thank you very much.	谢谢
1152	And I think we're still having some other questions, but I think it's almost the time.	我想我们还有一些其他的问题, 但我认为现在差不多是时候了。
1153	We will take one last question, which I think is relevant to the previous one is, how do we if we don't, how should we look hard and find those continuous activities, such as the life passion that we enjoy?	我们最后要问一个问题, 我认为这个问题与前一个问题有关, 如果我们不这样做, 我们该如何努力寻找那些持续的活动, 比如我们喜欢的生活激情?
1154	Or how should we assign values in those mandate activities as we have to do?	或者,我们应当如何在这些授权活动中分配价值?
1155	How to assign meanings or values to those routines and mandate activities?	如何为这些例行活动和任务活动分配意义或价值?
1156	Yeah, I think that's a very large question.	是的,我认为这是一个非常大的问题。
1157	I think what you just said was very wise and I think was on the top, which is that that I don't think there's a simple recipe for finding value.	我认为你刚才所说的非常明智, 我认为是顶部, 即我不认为有一个简单的方法寻找价值。
1158	I can't say, well, your activities have value if they meet conditions one, two, three.	我不能说,嗯,你的活动有价值如果它们满足条件一,二,三。
1159	I think it really is a matter of looking at what you're doing and sort of articulating to yourself.	我认为这真的是一个问题看你在做什么并有点向自己阐述。
1160	Like, what are the activities I'm engaged in here and which of them can I sincerely find value?	比如,我在这里从事的活动是什么? 哪些活动能让我真正找到价值?
1161	And some of us will resonate with certain things and others not.	而我们中有些人会对某些事物产生共鸣,另一些则不会。
1162	But, you know, it I think just just that process of articulating what I'm doing.	但是,你知道的,我想只是这个过程阐明我在做什么。
1163	Like, what are the what makes up my academic life?	比如,什么是构成我的学术生活?
1164	There's teaching, there's reading, there's research.	有教,有读,有研究.
1165	Which of these can I still see value in and how can I make those central to what I'm doing?	我还能看出其中哪些价值如何使这些成为我工作的中心?
1166	That is the sort of the best advice I can give.	这是我能提供的最佳建议
1167	I don't think there's a recipe for doing it.	我不认为有食谱做它。
1168	I will say that having leisure and space to reflect, having time to reflect is really important here.	我要说,有闲暇和空间来思考,有时间思考,在这里是非常重要的。
1169	And this connects with structural issues.	这与结构问题有关。
1170	Like, if you're so busy, you don't have time to step back.	比如,如果你这么忙, 你没有时间退后。
1171	You'll struggle.	你会挣扎的
1172	So in a way, stepping that moment of stepping back in which you experience the crisis is a problem.	所以从某种意义上来说, 踏上你经历危机的后退时刻是一个问题。
1173	But it's also a gift to have to be able to have the space to to do philosophy in effect, to kind of think about your life philosophically.	但它也是一个礼物,必须能够有空间做哲学在实际上, 有点思考你的生活哲学。
1174	And having time to really reflect, to ask yourself, what exactly am I doing or where exactly is the value in it?	并且有时间真正思考, 问自己, 我到底在做什么, 确切的价值在哪里?
1175	And is it in work?	它在工作吗?
1176	Is it in my family?	在我家吗?
1177	Do I need to find another parts of my life?	我还需要找到我生命的另一部分吗?
1178	I think there's really no substitute for that.	我认为这真的没有替代品。
1179	I completely agree with Professor Satya's argument.	我完全同意Satya教授的论点。
1180	And I think, you know, this kind of question probably can really answered by the ones who raise the question.	我想,你知道, 这样的问题可能真的能由那些提出这个问题的人来回答。
1181	The reason of that is value, in my opinion, is not something objective.	我认为,其原因是价值不是客观的。
1182	You know, it's something you discover by yourself.	你知道,这是你发现的东西自己。
1183	You know, the same activity can have very, you know, different meanings, different values for different people.	你知道,同样的活动可以有非常,你知道的, 不同的含义,不同的价值观对于不同的人。
1184	You know, sometimes, you know, young people, my students, too, they, you know, they approach me, ask me, what do you think is the meaning of life?	你知道,有时,你知道,年轻人,我的学生,他们,你知道,他们接近我,问我,你认为生命的意义是什么?
1185	And I, you know, I said, you know, the answer is yourself, you know, because if you want make meaning out of life, you will have it.	而我,你知道,我说,你知道, 答案是你自己,你知道, 因为如果你想让生命的意义,你会有它。
1186	If you don't want, you know, then you don't have meaning out of your life.	如果你不想,你知道, 那么,你没有意义出你的生活。
1187	You know, it's your own decision.	你知道,这是你自己的决定。
1188	And, you know, sometimes I remember, you know, during the COVID years, when many people are stuck at home, don't really have much to do.	而且,你知道,有时我记得,你知道, 在COVID的年代, 当许多人被困在家里, 没有什么事情要做。
1189	You can't really hang out with your friends, your family, and you can't even go to office to, you know, see your colleagues.	你不能和你的朋友,家人混在一起,你甚至不能去办公室,去见同事.
1190	And I remember this one person who did this small, you know, sort of like game.	我记得这个人做了这个小小的, 你知道,有点像游戏。
1191	He just picked out all the thorns on strawberries.	他刚挑出草莓上所有的刺
1192	You know, you know, I don't know it's called thorns, you know, you know, every strawberry has probably like 100, you know, little thorns on the top of it, right, on the skin of the strawberries.	你知道,你知道,我不知道它叫棘, 你知道,你知道,每个草莓可能有100,你知道, 小棘在它的顶部,正确的, 在草莓的皮肤上。
1193	And they just pick out every one of them and then, you know, made some kind of artwork out of it.	他们只挑出每一个, 然后,你知道, 做了某种艺术品出来。
1194	You know, so so that's how interesting life can be.	这样的生活才有趣
1195	So what I mean is, you know, even you are equipped with nothing, you know, you have nobody around.	所以我的意思是,你知道, 即使你装备什么都没有,你知道, 你身边没有人。
1196	You can still make life interesting just out of a boring strawberry.	你仍然可以让生活有趣只是从一个无聊的草莓。
1197	You know, so so I think, you know, everybody can, you know, you know, make something out of, you know, strawberry and your life is a strawberry.	所以我想,你知道, 每个人都可以,你知道,你知道, 做一些东西出来,你知道,草莓和你的生活是草莓。
1198	So so I don't I don't believe that, you know, you know, this kind of fatalistic belief that we are stuck somewhere, we have nothing to do.	所以我不相信,你知道,你知道, 这种宿命论的信念, 我们被困在某个地方, 我们没有什么可做的。
1199	And I think even in Nazi camps where, you know, the Jews are stuck, we we still see some movies and some novels and memoirs about how people, you know, make meaning out of that kind of life.	我认为即使在纳粹集中营里, 犹太人被困住了, 我们依然看到一些电影,一些小说和回忆录关于人们是如何,你知道, 使这种生活有意义。
1200	You know, not to mention that we actually have many much freedom in our, you know, current lives.	更别提我们有很多自由在现在的生活里
1201	So so so just, you know, find the soul in the strawberry.	找到草莓里的灵魂
1202	Thank you so much.	非常感谢
1203	This is such a lovely ending to have a life as treat our life as a strawberry.	我们的生活就像草莓一样
1204	So before wrapping up, so I want to conclude with one last comment.	在结束发言之前,我想最后谈一点。
1205	This is to echo with Professor Liu, your curiosity, because you said you accept the invitation for the book top because of your curious how philosophy could address the daily life, the issues of everyday life.	这是与刘教授的共鸣,你的好奇心,因为你说你接受书顶的邀请是因为你好奇哲学如何能解决日常生活,日常生活的问题.
1206	So actually, this is what Princeton University Press aspire to do as a scholarly publishers.	因此,实际上,这就是普林斯顿大学出版社作为一个学术出版社想要做的事情。
1207	We encourage our author and our scholars to write for general audience beyond the academic audience.	我们鼓励我们的作者和学者为学术受众以外的广大受众写作.
1208	So so this type of discussion and publication is very relevant.	所以这种讨论和出版非常相关。
1209	And we hope that we can shape as a publisher, we can ship the scholarly conversation that ship the world and ship and be relevant to the ordinary people's life.	我们希望我们能塑造一个出版商, 我们可以运送学术对话, 运送世界和船只, 并与普通人的生活相关。
1210	So thank you both professor for making the discussion that they are thought provoking discussion happened today.	因此,感谢两位教授今天进行讨论,他们被认为引起讨论。
1211	And so I'm also want to send my ongoing appreciation to all the staff today from the YCB and PUP China.	因此,我还要向今天所有来自YCB和PUP中国的工作人员表示不断的感谢。
1212	And I hope we can keep connected through emails and other social media channel.	我希望我们能够通过电子邮件和其他社交媒体频道保持连接。
1213	But please follow us on YCB and PUP social media channel in China.	但请跟随我们进入中国的YCB和PUP社交媒体频道.
1214	And we have other speaker series along the lines.	我们还有其他的演讲者系列。
1215	Thank you very much and hope hope everyone enjoy the rest of your evening and the starting of your good day.	非常感谢,希望大家享受你剩下的夜晚和美好的一天的开始。
1216	Thank you so much.	非常感谢
1217	Thank you.	谢谢

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